CN117070235A - Ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device and method - Google Patents
Ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device and method Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 235
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device and method, belonging to the field of energy conservation and environmental protection, and comprising the following steps: the ammonia storage tank is used for storing ammonia water or liquid ammonia; the ammonia spraying system is connected with the ammonia storage tank through a conveying pipeline and is used for atomizing ammonia water or liquid ammonia provided by the ammonia storage tank to generate atomized ammonia; the pyrolysis device is connected with the ammonia spraying system and is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the ammonia water or the liquid ammonia after the organic solid waste and the ammonia spraying system are atomized to generate pyrolytic carbon, pyrolytic oil and pyrolysis gas; the secondary combustion furnace is connected with the pyrolysis device and is provided with a secondary combustion chamber, and pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis device and unreacted atomized ammonia enter the secondary combustion chamber to be combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas; the flue gas purification system is connected with the secondary combustion furnace and is used for purifying the high-temperature flue gas. According to the invention, ammonia is used as pyrolysis background gas, so that the pyrolysis and hydrothermal reaction efficiency is effectively improved, and zero-carbon fuel can be used by burning ammonia energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy conservation and environmental protection, and relates to a pyrolysis device, in particular to an ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device and method.
Background
The organic solid waste has large output, multiple types and wide distribution, is rich in organic matters, thus having inflammability, is extremely easy to decompose and burn under the high temperature condition, and is accompanied with the generation of a large amount of smoke. The organic solid waste comprises biomass waste, rubber plastic waste and the like, and the treatment mode mainly comprises material regeneration, landfill, degradation-alcoholysis, incineration, thermal cracking and hydrothermal technology. The material regeneration can realize resource utilization, but has high technological requirements, limited varieties and low quality; the landfill technology has slow degradation speed and long time consumption; the degradation-alcoholysis technology is relatively immature and has the risk of secondary pollution; the incineration reduction effect is obvious, but the secondary pollution is serious, and the recycling degree is low.
The pyrolysis technology is to realize the pyrolysis of macromolecular polymers to generate micromolecular compounds by exogenous heating under inert atmosphere, so as to obtain three products of pyrolysis oil, combustible gas and pyrolytic carbon. The pyrolysis technology can directionally prepare the target product through parameter optimization, has strong flexibility and high recycling degree, and is a main technical direction of rubber and plastic waste treatment in the future.
In the prior art, pyrolysis is carried out under the atmosphere of inert gases such as nitrogen, raw materials in the atmosphere can be converted into fuel oil, fuel gas and carbon black in a reactor under the conditions of certain temperature, pressure, residence time, gas flow rate and the like, wherein the nitrogen atmosphere plays a role in isolating air, and the method successfully realizes the rapid and green treatment and partial energy recovery of organic solid waste. But the pyrolysis activity of nitrogen and the quality of products are low, the cost investment of the nitrogen is unequal to that of carbon-based fuel for providing heat, and the energy waste is caused by insufficient potential exploitation of raw materials. Pyrolysis of organic solid waste for 1h at 600 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere, for example, gives lower oil yields and is mainly heavy oil.
At present, a plurality of patents disclose a method and a device for pyrolyzing organic solid waste, such as a waste rubber and plastic high-efficiency pyrolyzing device with heat transfer strengthening coupling milling function, which realizes the simultaneous internal and external heating and strengthening of the heat transfer pyrolysis of the waste rubber and plastic so as to improve the pyrolysis efficiency of the waste rubber and plastic; NGUYENTT discloses a continuous pyrolysis technology, which utilizes a rotary kiln system to indirectly and continuously pyrolyze rubber and plastic waste to prepare Furnace Oil (FO) -R oil. However, the fuel oil obtained by direct pyrolysis in the prior art is low in quality and difficult to directly utilize, nitrogen is generally adopted as background gas in the pyrolysis technology, the heat value of the rubber and plastic waste pyrolysis gas is low, the pyrolysis energy consumption is difficult to meet, and auxiliary fuels such as natural gas and the like are often required to be introduced for co-combustion to provide heat for a pyrolysis device.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide an ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis recycling device and an ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis recycling method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis recycling device, comprising:
the ammonia storage tank is used for storing ammonia water or liquid ammonia;
the ammonia spraying system is connected with the ammonia storage tank through a conveying pipeline and is used for atomizing ammonia water or liquid ammonia provided by the ammonia storage tank to generate atomized ammonia;
the pyrolysis device is connected with the ammonia spraying system and is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on organic solid waste and ammonia water or liquid ammonia atomized by the ammonia spraying system to generate pyrolytic carbon, pyrolytic oil and pyrolysis gas;
the secondary combustion furnace is connected with the pyrolysis device and is provided with a secondary combustion chamber, and pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis device and unreacted atomized ammonia enter the secondary combustion chamber to be combusted together to generate high-temperature flue gas; wherein, a part of heat generated when the pyrolysis gas and unreacted atomized ammonia are combusted in the secondary combustion chamber supplies energy to the pyrolysis device, and the high-temperature flue gas temperature is reduced to below 250 ℃ through a quenching system after heat exchange; the other part of heat generated when the pyrolysis gas and unreacted atomized ammonia are combusted supplies energy to heat-required equipment in a park;
and the smoke purification system is connected with the secondary combustion furnace and is used for purifying the high-temperature smoke.
Further, the pyrolysis device is a pyrolysis furnace.
Further, the purity of the liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage tank is equal to or more than 97%.
Further, the organic solid waste includes rubber and plastic solid waste and waste biomass.
Further, the pyrolysis furnace is one of a double-row continuous feeding type horizontal furnace, a spiral feeding type rotary kiln or an intermittent rotary kiln.
Further, the residence time of the pyrolysis gas in the secondary combustion chamber is above 2 s.
Further, the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber is between 1000 and 1200 ℃.
Further, the pyrolytic carbon is a nitrogen-rich carbon material; the pyrolysis oil is nitrogen-rich fuel oil, and the nitrogen-rich fuel oil comprises N-C x H y The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The pyrolysis gas is nitrogen-rich gas, and the components of the nitrogen-rich gas are NH 3 、H 2 CO and C x H y 。
Further, the pyrolysis treatment temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 500-900 ℃, the heating rate is 6-20 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis treatment time is 30-90 min.
Further, an ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization method adopts the ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, ammonia water or liquid ammonia in an ammonia storage tank is conveyed to an ammonia spraying system through a pipeline, the ammonia spraying system atomizes the ammonia water or liquid ammonia and then mixes the atomized ammonia water or liquid ammonia with supplementary nitrogen gas, the mixture is sprayed into a pyrolysis furnace through a spray gun, organic solid waste is pretreated and then is conveyed to the pyrolysis furnace through a feeding device, and pyrolytic carbon, pyrolytic oil and pyrolysis gas are generated in the pyrolysis furnace by the organic solid waste and the atomized ammonia water or liquid ammonia;
s2, pore-forming modification is carried out on pyrolytic carbon to generate high-value carbon; the pyrolysis oil is utilized as a chemical by upgrading; directly sending the pyrolysis gas to a secondary combustion chamber in a secondary combustion furnace for mixed combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas; a part of heat generated when the pyrolysis gas is combusted in the secondary combustion chamber enters the pyrolysis device to supply energy for the pyrolysis device, and after heat exchange, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced to below 250 ℃ through a quenching system; the other part of heat generated when the pyrolysis gas is combusted supplies energy to heat-required equipment in the park;
s3, sending the high-temperature flue gas subjected to heat exchange to a flue gas purification system for flue gas purification.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) According to the invention, the inert nitrogen is replaced or partially replaced by the relatively active ammonia gas to serve as pyrolysis background gas, the active ammonia gas is easier to participate in the pyrolysis process, the pyrolysis reaction efficiency is effectively improved, the hydrogen-rich characteristic of the ammonia gas promotes molecular fracture and simultaneously realizes hydrogenation upgrading, and more micromolecular hydrocarbon is produced by fuel oil hydrogenation decomposition, so that the gas yield and the heat value can be improved. The ammonia auxiliary pyrolysis not only can reduce the cost of high-pressure nitrogen, but also can avoid the use of auxiliary fuels such as natural gas and the like by mixing and burning unreacted ammonia and pyrolysis tail gas, reduce the cost of natural gas, especially can realize the use of zero-carbon fuel by burning ammonia energy, and is beneficial to realize the aim of carbon emission reduction.
(2) The ammonia-assisted pyrolysis provided by the invention avoids the use of hydrogen by carrying out an additional catalytic hydrogenation reaction on the quality improvement of the traditional pyrolysis oil, and the ammonia is used as a carrier of the hydrogen, so that the storage and the transportation are easier, and a substitute hydrogen source is provided for the hydrogenation of the pyrolysis oil.
(3) According to the invention, ammonia pyrolysis is utilized, pyrolysis tail gas is rich in combustible components such as hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and the like, the components and unreacted ammonia show better combustion performance, the defects of low propagation speed, weak combustion strength and the like of single ammonia combustion flame are overcome, and the selective catalytic reduction high-efficiency denitration can be realized by utilizing the ammonia pyrolysis without adding an additional ammonia source in the final flue gas denitration process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device and method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent.
Example 1
An ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis recycling device, comprising:
the ammonia storage tank is used for storing ammonia water or liquid ammonia;
the ammonia spraying system is connected with the ammonia storage tank through a conveying pipeline and is used for atomizing ammonia water or liquid ammonia provided by the ammonia storage tank to generate atomized ammonia;
the pyrolysis device is connected with the ammonia spraying system and is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on organic solid waste and ammonia water or liquid ammonia atomized by the ammonia spraying system to generate pyrolytic carbon, pyrolytic oil and pyrolysis gas;
the secondary combustion furnace is connected with the pyrolysis device and is provided with a secondary combustion chamber, and pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis device and unreacted atomized ammonia enter the secondary combustion chamber to be combusted together to generate high-temperature flue gas; wherein, a part of heat generated when the pyrolysis gas and unreacted atomized ammonia are combusted in the secondary combustion chamber supplies energy to the pyrolysis device, and the high-temperature flue gas temperature is reduced to below 250 ℃ through a quenching system after heat exchange; the other part of heat generated when the pyrolysis gas and unreacted atomized ammonia are combusted supplies energy to heat-required equipment in a park;
and the smoke purification system is connected with the secondary combustion furnace and is used for purifying the high-temperature smoke.
Wherein the organic solid waste is fed to the pyrolysis furnace through a feeding device, which is a screw feeding device or a grab feeding device, preferably a screw feeding device in this embodiment.
The ammonia water or liquid ammonia is sprayed out through a spray gun in the ammonia spraying system after being mixed with supplementary nitrogen in the ammonia spraying system, atomized into small liquid drops with small particles (the size of the small liquid drops is not more than 80 mu m), sprayed into the pyrolysis furnace in a spray mode, and the ammonia spraying system comprises a storage system, a conveying sled, a metering and distributing module and an ammonia water spraying system.
Wherein the organic solid waste comprises rubber plastic solid waste, waste biomass and the like, and the organic solid waste is kept dry. The main component of the rubber plastic waste is C x H y -N; for example C 5 H 8 、C 4 H 9 Cl、(C 2 H 4 )n、(C 3 H 6 )n、C 15 H 17 N, the water content of the rubber and plastic solid waste is less than 10%, for example, 9%, 7%, 5%, 3%, 0%, and preferably 5% in the embodiment; the waste biomass is in powder form, and the main component is C x H y O z N, e.g. C 5 H 8 O、-[CH 2 -CHCl] n -、-[CH 2 -CHF] n -。
The flue gas purification system specifically comprises an autocatalytic reduction denitration unit, a dust removal unit, a deacidification unit and the like, wherein the autocatalytic reduction denitration unit utilizes unburnt ammonia as a reducing agent to realize reduction of nitrogen oxides.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adopt above-mentioned ammonia spraying system to carry atomizing liquid ammonia, flow and pressure are controllable, and the transportation process is stable, and the flow is even observable, and atomization effect is good, and coverage area is big, can mix with hot air better, reaches better more stable reaction effect.
Preferably, the pyrolysis device is a pyrolysis furnace.
Preferably, the purity of the liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage tank is equal to or greater than 97%.
Among them, the purity of the liquid ammonia is preferably 98%.
Preferably, the organic solid waste includes rubber and plastic solid waste and waste biomass.
Preferably, the pyrolysis furnace is one of a double-row continuous feeding horizontal furnace, a spiral feeding rotary kiln or an intermittent rotary kiln.
Among them, the pyrolysis furnace in this embodiment is preferably a screw-fed rotary kiln.
Preferably, the residence time of the pyrolysis gas in the secondary combustion chamber is above 2 s.
The residence time of the pyrolysis gas in the secondary combustion chamber is preferably 3s.
Preferably, the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber is between 1000 and 1200 ℃.
The temperature in the secondary combustion chamber is preferably 1100 ℃.
Preferably, the pyrolytic carbon is a nitrogen-rich carbon material; the pyrolysis oil is nitrogen-rich fuel oil, and the nitrogen-rich fuel oil comprises N-C x H y The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The pyrolysis gas is nitrogen-rich gas, and the components of the nitrogen-rich gas are NH 3 、H 2 CO and C x H y 。
Preferably, the pyrolysis treatment temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 500-900 ℃, the heating rate is 6-20 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis treatment time is 30-90 min.
Wherein the temperature during pyrolysis treatment in the pyrolysis furnace is preferably 750 ℃, the heating rate is preferably 15 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis treatment time is preferably 65min.
Example 2
The ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization method adopts the ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device of the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:
s1, ammonia water or liquid ammonia in an ammonia storage tank is conveyed to an ammonia spraying system through a pipeline, the ammonia spraying system atomizes the ammonia water or liquid ammonia and then mixes the atomized ammonia water or liquid ammonia with supplementary nitrogen gas, the mixture is sprayed into a pyrolysis furnace through a spray gun, organic solid waste is pretreated and then is conveyed to the pyrolysis furnace through a feeding device, and pyrolytic carbon, pyrolytic oil and pyrolysis gas are generated in the pyrolysis furnace by the organic solid waste and the atomized ammonia water or liquid ammonia;
s2, pore-forming modification is carried out on pyrolytic carbon to generate high-value carbon; the pyrolysis oil is utilized as a chemical by upgrading; directly sending the pyrolysis gas to a secondary combustion chamber in a secondary combustion furnace for mixed combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas; part of heat generated when the pyrolysis gas is combusted in the secondary combustion chamber enters the pyrolysis device to supply energy to the pyrolysis device, and the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced to below 250 ℃ through a quenching system after heat exchange; the other part of heat generated when the pyrolysis gas is combusted supplies energy to heat-required equipment in the park;
s3, sending the high-temperature flue gas subjected to heat exchange to a flue gas purification system for flue gas purification.
Wherein, the solid useless of rubber and plastic and useless living beings get into pyrolysis device through feed arrangement in, feed arrangement is spiral feed arrangement or grab bucket type feed arrangement, preferably spiral feed arrangement in this embodiment, and the preliminary treatment process includes at least one of the following: cutting, pulverizing, melting, drying, and pulverizing and drying are preferable in this embodiment.
Wherein, pyrolysis gas discharged by the pyrolysis device passes through a condensing system, and high-quality fuel oil can be recovered through dividing wall type water cooling.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the heat that produces in the secondary combustion furnace is pyrolysis device, mummification stove, gasifier etc. other heat equipment energy supply, and the high temperature flue gas in the secondary combustion chamber needs to realize through the rapid cooling system that the flue gas temperature falls below 250 ℃ after entering pyrolysis device heat transfer, prevents dioxin at high temperature (300 ~ 500 ℃) secondary synthesis promptly, and the heat that the rapid cooling recovery obtained is for the heat demand device use in the garden.
By adopting the technical scheme, atomized ammonia is sprayed into the pyrolysis device from the ammonia spraying device as background gas, and the background gas plays roles of fluidization circulation, pyrolysis activity promotion and nitrogen addition, so that the product value can be improved.
According to the ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device and method provided by the invention, ammonia is selected to replace or partially replace nitrogen to be used as pyrolysis background gas, and the ammonia-containing pyrolysis gas is directly mixed to burn and supply heat, so that deep pyrolysis of organic solid waste, full excavation of high-value potential of raw materials and zero-carbon fuel input are realized, and external ammonia source denitration pyrolysis gas is not needed, so that the device and method have outstanding technological innovation, and closed loop circulation of a technological chain is realized.
According to the invention, ammonia is used as pyrolysis background gas instead of nitrogen, active ammonia is easier to participate in the pyrolysis process, and hydrogenation quality improvement is realized while molecular fracture is promoted. The ammonia gas which is not exhausted after the pyrolysis reaction is discharged together with the pyrolysis gas, the heat value of the pyrolysis gas is obviously improved, and the ammonia gas and the pyrolysis gas are combusted together to provide energy for pyrolysis. H in pyrolysis gas 2 /CO/CH 4 The components of the fuel simultaneously promote the combustion efficiency of ammonia, avoid the input of fossil fuels such as natural gas, realize the use of exogenous-free carbon-containing fuel in the whole process, and further improve the carbon emission reduction effect of the pyrolysis technology.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical principles of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device is characterized by comprising:
the ammonia storage tank is used for storing ammonia water or liquid ammonia;
the ammonia spraying system is connected with the ammonia storage tank through a conveying pipeline and is used for atomizing ammonia water or liquid ammonia provided by the ammonia storage tank to generate atomized ammonia;
the pyrolysis device is connected with the ammonia spraying system and is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on organic solid waste and ammonia water or liquid ammonia atomized by the ammonia spraying system to generate pyrolytic carbon, pyrolytic oil and pyrolysis gas;
the secondary combustion furnace is connected with the pyrolysis device and is provided with a secondary combustion chamber, and pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis device and unreacted atomized ammonia enter the secondary combustion chamber to be combusted together to generate high-temperature flue gas; wherein, a part of heat generated when the pyrolysis gas and unreacted atomized ammonia are combusted in the secondary combustion chamber supplies energy to the pyrolysis device, and the high-temperature flue gas temperature is reduced to below 250 ℃ through a quenching system after heat exchange; the other part of heat generated when the pyrolysis gas and unreacted atomized ammonia are combusted supplies energy to heat-required equipment in a park;
and the smoke purification system is connected with the secondary combustion furnace and is used for purifying the high-temperature smoke.
2. The ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device and method according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis device is a pyrolysis furnace.
3. The ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis recycling device according to claim 1, wherein the purity of the liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage tank is equal to or greater than 97%.
4. The ammonia-assisted organic solid waste thermal decomposition recycling device according to claim 1, wherein the organic solid waste comprises rubber and plastic solid waste and waste biomass.
5. The ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis furnace is one of a double-row continuous feed horizontal furnace, a spiral feed rotary kiln or an intermittent rotary kiln.
6. The ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device according to claim 1, wherein the residence time of the pyrolysis gas in the secondary combustion chamber is 2s or more.
7. The ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis recycling device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber is between 1000 and 1200 ℃.
8. The ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolytic carbon is a nitrogen-rich carbon material; the pyrolysis oil is nitrogen-rich fuel oil, and the nitrogen-rich fuel oil comprises N-C x H y The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The pyrolysis gas is nitrogen-rich gas, and the components of the nitrogen-rich gas are NH 3 、H 2 CO and C x H y 。
9. The ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device according to claim 1, wherein pyrolysis treatment temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 500-900 ℃, heating rate is 6-20 ℃/min, and pyrolysis treatment time is 30-90 min.
10. An ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization method, characterized in that the ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, ammonia water or liquid ammonia in an ammonia storage tank is conveyed to an ammonia spraying system through a pipeline, the ammonia spraying system atomizes the ammonia water or liquid ammonia and then mixes the atomized ammonia water or liquid ammonia with supplementary nitrogen gas, the mixture is sprayed into a pyrolysis furnace through a spray gun, organic solid waste is pretreated and then is conveyed to the pyrolysis furnace through a feeding device, and pyrolytic carbon, pyrolytic oil and pyrolysis gas are generated in the pyrolysis furnace by the organic solid waste and the atomized ammonia water or liquid ammonia;
s2, pore-forming modification is carried out on pyrolytic carbon to generate high-value carbon; the pyrolysis oil is utilized as a chemical by upgrading; directly sending the pyrolysis gas to a secondary combustion chamber in a secondary combustion furnace for mixed combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas; a part of heat generated when the pyrolysis gas is combusted in the secondary combustion chamber enters the pyrolysis device to supply energy for the pyrolysis device, and after heat exchange, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced to below 250 ℃ through a quenching system; the other part of heat generated when the pyrolysis gas is combusted supplies energy to heat-required equipment in the park;
s3, sending the high-temperature flue gas subjected to heat exchange to a flue gas purification system for flue gas purification.
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