CN117067724A - Unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117067724A CN117067724A CN202310829308.6A CN202310829308A CN117067724A CN 117067724 A CN117067724 A CN 117067724A CN 202310829308 A CN202310829308 A CN 202310829308A CN 117067724 A CN117067724 A CN 117067724A
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Classifications
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
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- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
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- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/14—Mixture of at least two fibres made of different materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of protective fabrics, in particular to a unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric, a preparation method and application thereof, which sequentially comprises an inner unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, a composite protective layer formed by melt-blown cloth and PTFE micro-nano porous films, and an outer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces from inside to outside, wherein the inner unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric, the composite protective layer and the outer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric are bonded through a hot melt adhesive net to form the composite fabric which has a protective function, ensures that a human body is not affected by external substances, can improve the air permeability and the moisture permeability of the fabric, overcomes the defect that the barrier property and the air permeability and the moisture permeability of the clothing such as the prior protective clothing, the jacket and the like can not be combined, and simultaneously widens the application of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric in the protective field.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of protective fabrics, in particular to a unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Textile clothing materials, which are articles of human wear and apparel, almost run through the history of human civilization, become soft matter witneszers that record the human history. With the development of modern civilization and the progress of textile technology, textile garments mainly responsible for the body-covering are also becoming a necessary condition for wearing comfort in addition to the original requirements.
The comfort of a textile is the result of the combination of factors, while the heat and moisture transfer of a textile is an important factor affecting its comfort. Therefore, the moisture permeability of the fabric is particularly important. The fabric has good moisture-conducting performance, so that sweat generated by a human body can be rapidly transferred to the outer side of the fabric, thereby keeping the dryness and the freshness of the human body. As early as 1907, buckingham has proposed capillary flow theory, which lays a theoretical foundation for the deep study of fabric moisture-conducting properties. At present, the principle of realizing one-way moisture guiding of the fabric mainly comprises the following steps.
Differential capillary effect
The differential capillary effect of the fabric means that when the types of fibers, the densities of the fabric and the yarn densities of the inner side fiber and the outer side fiber of the fabric are the same, and the linear density of the inner side fiber of the fabric is greater than that of the outer side fiber of the fabric, the inner side fiber and the outer side fiber of the fabric form a thicker capillary, and the outer side fiber forms a thinner capillary, so that an additional pressure difference is generated on the interface between the inner side fiber and the outer side fiber of the fabric, and the pressure difference can promote the spontaneous diffusion of moisture from the inner side fiber to the outer side fiber of the fabric, thereby achieving the purpose of unidirectional moisture guiding. And the larger the linear density difference of the inner layer fiber and the outer layer fiber of the fabric is, the more obvious the differential capillary effect is, and the stronger the unidirectional moisture-conducting capability is.
Effect of wetting gradient
Wetting refers to the dynamic process of a liquid to effect transfer from a solid-liquid interface to a liquid-vapor interface. When a solid can be wetted by a liquid, it appears that the liquid spreads evenly over the solid surface; when a solid is not wetted by the liquid, the liquid is in a water drop shape on the surface of the solid, and the solid-liquid included angle is larger. When there is a difference in the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the inner and outer sides of the fabric, a pressure difference is generated in the thickness direction of the fabric, and the liquid spontaneously transfers from the hydrophobic side to the hydrophilic side under the action of the pressure difference, which is called a wetting gradient effect, and is a main method for realizing asymmetric liquid transmission at present. According to the principle, the unidirectional transmission of moisture in the thickness direction of the fabric can be controlled by changing the hydrophilic and hydrophobic capacities of the two sides of the fabric, such as adding a hydrophobic material on the inner layer of the fabric and adding a hydrophilic material on the outer layer of the fabric, so as to realize the unidirectional moisture guiding function.
The design of the tissue structure of the fabric has very important influence on the moisture absorption and moisture conduction performance of the fabric. By adjusting the proportion configuration of different hydrophilic fibers and hydrophobic fibers, a proper fabric tissue structure is designed, and the differential capillary effect or the wetting gradient effect is formed by utilizing the difference of the thicknesses of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas, so that the hygroscopicity of the fabric is changed stepwise along the thickness direction, and the function of unidirectional transmission of moisture in the fabric is realized. The mode of realizing the unidirectional moisture-guiding function of the fabric by changing the structure of the fabric does not relate to chemical articles, and avoids damage and harm to human bodies.
The unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric has unidirectional transmission of moisture on two sides of the fabric as the name implies. I.e. moisture can only be transported from one side to the other along the thickness direction of the material or on the surface of the material, whereas it cannot be transported, and this transport is not affected by gravity. Through the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric, unidirectional transmission of sweat generated by a human body from the body surface to the outer side of the fabric can be well realized, so that sweat can be effectively discharged and played, dryness and comfort of a skin contact surface are maintained, bacterial proliferation is avoided, and wearing experience and comfort of clothing are improved.
At present, the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric is mainly applied to the fields of underwear or sportswear in summer, and the like, and besides, a plurality of fields requiring the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric to be applied, such as protective clothing, outdoor wear, and the like, are still provided. The development of disposable protective clothing in the current market, whether medical or chemical, focuses on the protection function, but neglects the air and moisture permeability requirement of the fabric. This makes perspiration from the wearer ineffective in time and results in a sensation of stuffiness that is likely to occur when worn. Meanwhile, the sticky feeling generated between the skin of the human body and clothes due to sweat can further increase the uncomfortable feeling of a user, so that the physical and psychological health and the working efficiency of workers are affected. If the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric can be applied to the fabric of protective clothing, the problem can be well solved, and therefore, research and development and application of unidirectional moisture-conducting textiles in the fields of protective clothing and the like are in urgent need of breakthrough progress.
In recent years, more and more researches on unidirectional moisture transfer are conducted, and CN 107048544A discloses a unidirectional moisture transfer fabric structure, which comprises a bottom layer of a cotton-flax blended fabric and a porous silica gel pattern, wherein the cotton-flax blended fabric has an inner surface and an outer surface, the outer surface is attached with the porous silica gel, and the inner surface is in contact with skin. The application can absorb and diffuse sweat generated on the body surface out of the fabric structure rapidly by unidirectional moisture and heat conduction, improve the moisture and sweat removing performance and the moisture and sweat removing speed of the fabric, and reduce the sticky and wet uncomfortable feeling generated by sweat on the skin surface of a human body.
CN109322058A discloses a uvioresistant unidirectional moisture-guiding composite fiber material and a preparation method thereof, the composite fiber material comprises a polypropylene layer and a hydrophilic polymer and ultraviolet absorbent mixture layer which are integrally combined, and polydopamine is deposited and attached on the surfaces and the interiors of the polypropylene layer and the hydrophilic polymer and ultraviolet absorbent mixture layer. The preparation method comprises the following steps: and dissolving an ultraviolet absorbent and a hydrophilic polymer in an organic solvent to form a spinning solution, taking a melt electrostatic spinning polypropylene fiber material as a receiving substrate, carrying out hot pressing treatment after electrostatic spinning, and then placing the spinning solution in a Tris-HCl buffer solution dissolved with dopamine for dipping modification to prepare the ultraviolet resistant unidirectional moisture-guiding composite fiber material. The material has good unidirectional moisture-conducting and ultraviolet-resistant functions, stable integral structure, simple composition and structure, simple and convenient preparation process and wide application prospect.
However, in the fields of protective clothing, outdoor wear and the like, the moisture permeability and the air permeability of the protective clothing are inevitably reduced while the barrier property is good, FG-910 fluorine-containing water repellent finishing agent is added to one side of a pure cotton non-woven material, pan Hong and the like, so that hydrophilic and hydrophobic structures are formed on two sides of the material, a one-way moisture-guiding function is obtained, and the air permeability of the fabric is reduced to a certain extent by the method. The Park Daewon et al prepares antibacterial and antiviral coated fabrics based on Polyurethane (PU) and aqueous nanosuspension, the moisture permeability is realized mainly by the PU layer, however, in order to realize excellent barrier property, a higher PU coating amount is often adopted in the preparation of protective clothing, and meanwhile, the moisture permeability is reduced, so that the comfort of the protective clothing is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric and the preparation method and the application thereof are provided, the defect that the barrier property and the air and moisture permeability of the prior protective clothing, the jacket and the like cannot be combined is overcome, and meanwhile, the application of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric in the protective field is widened.
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the technical scheme adopted by the application is that the unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric sequentially comprises an inner unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, a composite protective layer formed by melt-blown cloth and PTFE micro-nano porous membranes and an outer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces from inside to outside, wherein the inner unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric, the composite protective layer and the outer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric are adhered by a hot melt adhesive net to form the composite fabric with a protective function, the human body is prevented from being affected by external substances, and the air permeability and the moisture permeability of the fabric are improved.
The unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric has the water absorption rate of: 30-50%/s, one-way transmission index 200-300%, liquid water dynamic transmission comprehensive index 0.5-0.7.
The unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric has a thickness of 1.40-1.60mm and a gram weight of 380-432g/m 2 。
The unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric has a fabric warp-wise wicking height of 15.13-16.53cm, a fabric weft-wise wicking height of 14.36-15.24cm, and has air permeability of: 86.35-93.95mm/s, the moisture permeability is: 2667.72-3285.64 g/(m) 2 ·24h)。
The rebound resilience value of the unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric is 54.25-60.12, the smoothness value is 55.12-64.23, the warp tearing strength is 96.22-113.04N, the weft tearing strength is 81.18-85.42N, the bursting strength is 1000-1200N, and the bursting strength is 2.2-3.0J.
The unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric comprises the unidirectional moisture-conducting jacquard fabric of which the inner and outer layers are made of 50-70% of terylene and 50-30% of polypropylene, wherein the terylene is of cross section, the section profile is more than or equal to 62%, the polypropylene is of circular section, and the gram weight is 135-160g/m 2 The thickness is 0.6-0.7mm, and the unidirectional transmission index is 817.47%817.5% and liquid water dynamic transmission comprehensive index of 0.775-0.90, half life of the inner and outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric of 0.38-0.45s, and point-to-point resistance of 6.0X10 11 -6.2×10 11 Ω。
The unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric comprises two layers of melt-blown cloth and a PTFE micro-nano porous membrane arranged between the two layers of melt-blown cloth, wherein the melt-blown cloth comprises polypropylene, the thickness of the melt-blown cloth is 0.1-0.15 mm, the aperture of the melt-blown cloth is 100-500 mu m, the thickness of the PTFE micro-nano porous membrane is less than 5 mu m, the aperture of the PTFE micro-nano porous membrane is 0.05-0.3 mu m, the fiber diameter of the melt-blown cloth is 1-10 mu m, and the gram weight of the melt-blown cloth is 18.4g/m 2 -30 g/m 2 The porosity is more than or equal to 75 percent, the longest length of the holes is 5-500um, the thickness of the PTFE micro-nano porous membrane is 5-10um, and the gram weight is 1-3g/m 2 The porosity is more than or equal to 80%, the longest length of the holes is 100-500nm, the bacterial filtration efficiency of the composite protective layer is more than 96.8%, and when the filtration resistance is the pressure of 85L/min, the filtration efficiency of 0.25-0.3um particles is more than or equal to 99%.
The unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric comprises PA polyamide as the component of the hot melt adhesive net, and has the gram weight of 15-23g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The aperture is 100-500 mu m, the melting point is 120 ℃, and the thickness is 30-50 mu m; the diameter of the fiber is 20-30um; the distribution density of the holes of the hot melt adhesive net is 200 holes/cm 2 About 12000 holes/cm 2 The longest length of the holes is 100-500 μm.
The preparation method of the unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric comprises the following steps of:
(1): cutting the inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric, the composite protective layer, the outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric and the hot melt adhesive net to the same size, horizontally placing the inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with the hydrophilic surface upwards, and sequentially stacking the heat-releasing melt adhesive net, the composite protective layer, the hot melt adhesive net and the outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with the hydrophilic surface upwards;
(2): firstly, wetting the composite fabric for 6-15s, then ironing and finishing, wherein the ironing temperature is 120-140 ℃, and ironing is carried out for 2-3 minutes until the hot melt adhesive net is melted, so that the composite fabric is integrated; ironing pressure is 0.3-0.5MPa;
(3): and (3) putting the fabric prepared in the step (2) into a drying oven, and drying at 110-120 ℃ for 5-10min to obtain the unidirectional moisture-guiding protective fabric.
The unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric is applied to clothing fabrics, in particular to protective clothing and jacket.
The unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric and the preparation method and application thereof have the beneficial effects that: the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric is compounded with the protective functional film, so that the unidirectional moisture-conducting function is given to the protective clothing, and the wearing comfort of the clothing is improved. The three-layer fabric composite mode is adopted, wherein the inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces is selected as the inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric, the composite protective layer consisting of melt-blown cloth and PTFE micro-nano porous membrane is selected as the middle layer, and the composite protective layer is bonded through a hot melt adhesive net, so that the fabric has good air permeability and moisture permeability, sweat generated by a human body is transported to the outer layer of the fabric, moisture cannot be reversely conducted, the dry feel and the comfort of a user during wearing are ensured, and meanwhile, the composite fabric which has a protective function and can effectively block related substances outside and prevent the human body from being affected by the external substances is formed. The multi-layer composite fabric with the protection function is prepared by compositing the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric and the protection functional film, so that the defect that the barrier property and the air and moisture permeability of the conventional protective clothing, jacket and the like cannot be combined is overcome, and meanwhile, the application of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric in the protection field is widened.
The composite protective layer has different pore diameters, so that the pressure difference in the moisture-conducting and air-permeable conduction process is changed while the external substances are prevented from being infringed, and the quick moisture-conducting and air-permeable effect is realized. Its water absorption rate: 30-50%/s, one-way transmission index 200-300%, liquid water dynamic transmission comprehensive index 0.5-0.7. The air permeability is as follows: 86.35-93.95mm/s, the moisture permeability is: 2667.72-3285.64 g/(m) 2 ·24h)。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a unidirectional moisture-conductive protective fabric;
fig. 2 is a: an inner layer of the inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric, b: an inner layer is a unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric outer layer;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a hot melt adhesive web material;
FIG. 4 is a view of a meltblown material;
FIG. 5 is a drawing of a PTFE micro-nano porous membrane material;
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of a meltblown web;
FIG. 7 is a scanning electron microscope image of a PTFE micro-nano porous membrane;
FIG. 8 is a scanning electron microscope image of a hot melt adhesive web;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the water-repellent surface drip test of the inner unidirectional moisture-transfer fabric;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the water drip test of the inner unidirectional moisture transport fabric;
FIG. 11 is a graph of wicking height test results;
FIG. 12 is a graph of air permeability test results;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the results of the moisture permeability test;
FIG. 14 is a graph of hand feel characteristic value test results: rebound resilience, b: softness, c: smoothness;
fig. 15 is a visual characteristic value test result chart: e: wrinkle recovery, d: a drape coefficient;
fig. 16 is a graph of tear strength test results: f: strength in the warp direction, g: tearing strength in weft direction;
FIG. 17 shows the burst strength test results.
Detailed Description
The application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric sequentially comprises an inner unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, a composite protective layer formed by melt-blown cloth and PTFE micro-nano porous membranes from inside to outside, and an outer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, wherein the inner unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric, the composite protective layer and the outer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric are bonded through a hot melt adhesive net to form the composite fabric which has a protective function, ensures that a human body is not affected by external substances, and can improve the air permeability and moisture permeability of the fabric.
The performance indexes of the inner and outer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabrics are as follows: upper wet time average: 4.6986s, lower wet time mean: 2.8642s, upper layer water absorption rate average: 9.0394%/s, lower water absorption rate average: 57.1531%/s, upper maximum wet radius average: 13mm, the average value of the maximum wetting radius of the lower layer: 25mm, upper layer water diffusion speed average value: 2.6022mm/s, the lower layer moisture diffusion rate average value: 5.5307mm/s, unidirectional transfer index mean: 817.4686% and the dynamic transmission comprehensive index average value of liquid water is 0.775-0.90.
Example 1
The inner and outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric is unidirectional moisture-conducting jacquard fabric, and comprises 50% of terylene and 50% of polypropylene fiber, wherein the terylene is a cross section, the section abnormal degree is more than or equal to 62%, the polypropylene fiber is a circular section, and the gram weight is 135g/m 2 The thickness is 0.6mm, the unidirectional transmission index is 817.47%, the half life of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric of the inner layer and the outer layer is 0.38s, and the point-to-point resistance is 6.0x10 11 。
The composite protective layer consists of two layers of melt-blown cloth and a PTFE micro-nano porous membrane arranged between the two layers of melt-blown cloth, wherein the melt-blown cloth comprises polypropylene with the thickness of 0.1mm and the aperture of 100 mu m, the PTFE micro-nano porous membrane has the thickness of less than 5 mu m, the aperture of 0.05 mu m, the fiber diameter of the melt-blown cloth is 1 mu m, and the gram weight of 18.4g/m 2 The porosity is more than or equal to 75%, the longest length of the holes is 5um, the thickness of the PTFE micro-nano porous membrane is 5um, and the gram weight is 1g/m 2 The porosity is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the longest length of the holes is 100nm.
The hot melt adhesive net component is PA polyamide with gram weight of 15g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Pore diameter 100 μm, melting point 120 deg.C, thickness 30um; the diameter of the fiber is 20um; the distribution density of the holes of the hot melt adhesive net is 200 holes/cm 2 The longest length of the perforation is 100 μm.
The preparation method of the unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric comprises the following steps of:
(1): cutting the inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric, the composite protective layer, the outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric and the hot melt adhesive net to the same size, horizontally placing the inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with the hydrophilic surface upwards, and sequentially stacking the heat-releasing melt adhesive net, the composite protective layer, the hot melt adhesive net and the outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with the hydrophilic surface upwards;
(2): firstly, wetting the composite fabric for 6s, then ironing and finishing, wherein the ironing temperature is 120 ℃, and ironing is carried out for 2 minutes until the hot melt adhesive net is melted, so that the composite fabric is integrated; ironing pressure is 0.3MPa; ironing time is less than 2min, part of the hot melt adhesive is not melted, and layering is easy. Ironing time is more than 3min, and wrinkling is easy. Ironing for 2-3 min, no layering and wrinkling, and no blocking of micropores.
(3): and (3) putting the fabric prepared in the step (2) into a drying oven and drying at 110 ℃ for 5min to obtain the unidirectional moisture-guiding protective fabric.
The water absorption rate of the unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric is as follows: 30%/s, one-way transfer index of 200%, liquid water dynamic transfer integrated index of 0.5. Thickness of 1.40mm and gram weight of 380g/m 2 。
The wicking height of the fabric in the warp direction is 15.13cm, the wicking height of the fabric in the weft direction is 14.36cm, and the air permeability is as follows: 86.35mm/s, the moisture permeability is: 2667.72 g/(m) 2 ·24h)。
The rebound resilience value is 54.25, the smoothness value is 55.12, the warp tearing strength is 96.22N, the weft tearing strength is 81.18N, the bursting strength is 1000N, and the bursting strength is 2.2J.
The bacterial filtration efficiency of the composite protective layer is 96.8%, and when the filtration resistance is 85L/min, the filtration efficiency of the composite protective layer on 0.25-0.3um particles is 99%.
Example 2
The points of the embodiment that are the same as those of embodiment 1 are not described in detail, and the difference is that:
the inner and outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric is unidirectional moisture-conducting jacquard fabric, the components comprise 68% of terylene and 32% of polypropylene fiber, the terylene is cross section, the section abnormal degree is more than or equal to 62%, the polypropylene fiber is circular section, and the gram weight is 155g/m 2 The thickness is 0.65mm, the unidirectional transmission index is 817.48%, the half life of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric of the inner layer and the outer layer is 0.42s, and the point-to-point resistance is 6.1 multiplied by 10 11 Ω。
The composite protective layer consists of two layers of melt-blown cloth and a PTFE micro-nano porous membrane arranged between the two layers of melt-blown cloth, wherein the melt-blown cloth comprises polypropylene with the thickness of 0.13mm and the pore diameter of 300um, and the composite protective layer comprises a porous membrane made of PTFE micro-nano porous materialPTFE micro-nano porous membrane has thickness less than 5 μm, pore diameter of 0.1 μm, fiber diameter of 8 μm and gram weight of 21g/m 2 The porosity is more than or equal to 75%, the longest length of the holes is 200um, the thickness of the PTFE micro-nano porous membrane is 7um, and the gram weight is 2g/m 2 The porosity is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the longest length of the holes is 200nm.
The hot melt adhesive net component is PA polyamide with gram weight of 21g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Pore diameter 300 μm, melting point 120 deg.C, thickness 40um; the fiber diameter is 25um; the distribution density of the holes of the hot melt adhesive net is 800 holes/cm 2 The longest length of the perforation is 300 μm.
The preparation method of the unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric comprises the following steps of:
(1): cutting the inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric, the composite protective layer, the outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric and the hot melt adhesive net to the same size, horizontally placing the inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with the hydrophilic surface upwards, and sequentially stacking the heat-releasing melt adhesive net, the composite protective layer, the hot melt adhesive net and the outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with the hydrophilic surface upwards;
(2): firstly, moistening the composite fabric for 8 seconds, then ironing and finishing, wherein the ironing temperature is 130 ℃, and ironing is carried out for 2.5 minutes until the hot melt adhesive net is melted, so that the composite fabric is integrated; ironing pressure is 0.3-0.5MPa; ironing time is less than 2min, part of the hot melt adhesive is not melted, and layering is easy. Ironing time is more than 3min, and wrinkling is easy. Ironing for 2-3 min, no layering and wrinkling, and no blocking of micropores.
(3): and (3) putting the fabric prepared in the step (2) into a drying oven, and drying at 115 ℃ for 7min to obtain the unidirectional moisture-guiding protective fabric.
The water absorption rate of the unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric is as follows: 40%/s, one-way transfer index of 200-300%, and liquid water dynamic transfer comprehensive index of 0.6. Thickness of 1.52mm and grammage of 405g/m 2 。
The wicking height of the warp direction of the fabric is 15.98cm, the wicking height of the weft direction of the fabric is 15.06cm, and the air permeability is as follows: 90.85mm/s, the moisture permeability is: 3196.32 g/(m) 2 ·24h)。
The rebound resilience value is 58.14, the smoothness value is 60.41, the warp tearing strength is 105.18N, the weft tearing strength is 83.56N, the bursting strength is 1100N, and the bursting strength is 2.5J.
The bacterial filtration efficiency of the composite protective layer is 98.3%, and the filtration efficiency of the composite protective layer on 0.25-0.3um particles is 99.35% when the filtration resistance is the pressure of 85L/min.
Example 3
The points of the embodiment that are the same as those of embodiment 1 are not described in detail, and the difference is that:
the inner and outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric is unidirectional moisture-conducting jacquard fabric, the components comprise 70% of terylene and 30% of polypropylene fiber, the terylene is cross section, the section abnormal degree is more than or equal to 62%, the polypropylene fiber is circular section, and the gram weight is 160g/m 2 The thickness is 0.7mm, the unidirectional transmission index is 817.5%, the half life of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric of the inner layer and the outer layer is 0.45s, and the point-to-point resistance is 6.2 multiplied by 10 11 Ω。
The composite protective layer consists of two layers of melt-blown cloth and a PTFE micro-nano porous membrane arranged between the two layers of melt-blown cloth, wherein the melt-blown cloth comprises polypropylene with the thickness of 0.15mm and the aperture of 500 mu m, the PTFE micro-nano porous membrane has the thickness of less than 5 mu m, the aperture of 0.3 mu m, the fiber diameter of the melt-blown cloth is 10 mu m, and the gram weight is 30g/m 2 The porosity is more than or equal to 75%, the longest length of the holes is 500um, the thickness of the PTFE micro-nano porous membrane is 10um, and the gram weight is 3g/m 2 The porosity is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the longest length of the holes is 500nm.
The hot melt adhesive net component is PA polyamide with gram weight of 23g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Pore diameter 500 μm, melting point 120 deg.C, thickness 50um; the fiber diameter is 30um; the perforation distribution density of the hot melt adhesive web was 12000 holes/cm 2 The longest length of the perforation is 500 μm.
The preparation method of the unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric comprises the following steps of:
(1): cutting the inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric, the composite protective layer, the outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric and the hot melt adhesive net to the same size, horizontally placing the inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with the hydrophilic surface upwards, and sequentially stacking the heat-releasing melt adhesive net, the composite protective layer, the hot melt adhesive net and the outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with the hydrophilic surface upwards;
(2): firstly, moistening the composite fabric for 15s, then ironing and finishing, wherein the ironing temperature is 140 ℃, and ironing is carried out for 3 minutes until the hot melt adhesive net is melted, so that the composite fabric is integrated; ironing pressure is 0.5MPa; ironing time is less than 2min, part of the hot melt adhesive is not melted, and layering is easy. Ironing time is more than 3min, and wrinkling is easy. Ironing for 2-3 min, no layering and wrinkling, and no blocking of micropores.
(3): and (3) putting the fabric prepared in the step (2) into a drying oven and drying at 120 ℃ for 10min to obtain the unidirectional moisture-guiding protective fabric.
The water absorption rate of the unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric is as follows: 50%/s, one-way transfer index of 300%, liquid water dynamic transfer integrated index of 0.7. Thickness of 1.60mm and gram weight of 432g/m 2 。
The wicking height of the fabric in the warp direction is 16.53cm, the wicking height of the fabric in the weft direction is 15.24cm, and the air permeability is as follows: 93.95mm/s, the moisture permeability is: 3285.64 g/(m) 2 ·24h)。
The rebound resilience value is 60.12, the smoothness value is 64.23, the warp tearing strength is 113.04N, the weft tearing strength is 85.42N, the bursting strength is 1200N and the bursting strength is 3.0J.
The bacterial filtration efficiency of the composite protective layer is 98.8%, and when the filtration resistance is the pressure of 85L/min, the filtration efficiency of the composite protective layer on 0.25-0.3um particles is 99.68%.
Example 4
The unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric prepared by the application has the advantages of water absorption rate: 30-50%/s, one-way transmission index 200-300%, liquid water dynamic transmission comprehensive index 0.5-0.7. The air permeability is as follows: 86.35-93.95mm/s, the moisture permeability is: 2667.72-3285.64 g/(m) 2 24 h), is applied to clothing fabrics, especially protective clothing and jacket, and overcomes the defect that the barrier property and the air and moisture permeability of the prior protective clothing, jacket and other clothing cannot be combined.
To characterize the technical effect of the present application, the following A, B, C, D, E, F, G seven composite fabrics were used for comparative demonstration:
wherein: E. the army green fabric is a military protection 4-grade composite fabric; the components are as follows: polyester + PTFE + polyester; one side is army green, and the other side is lake blue.
F. The emerald green fabric is a 4-level protective fabric of the repetitive protective suit and the operating gown; the components are as follows: polyester+PU+polyester; emerald, waterproof, antifouling, anti-seepage, high moisture permeability, high protection and high reuse.
G. The white protective fabric is a medical disposable protective clothing fabric; the components are as follows: pp+pe; milky white, double layer composite.
Wicking test and analysis
The phenomenon that moisture is transferred by capillary effect in the moisture-conducting process of the fabric is the wicking of the fabric, and the moisture-conducting capacity of the fabric is the response and is generally measured by the wicking height. The higher the wicking height of the fabric under the specified conditions, the more pronounced the capillary effect of the fabric, the more powerful the fabric is in its ability to transfer moisture, and conversely the less powerful the ability to transfer moisture.
The testing method comprises the following steps: the fabric samples were tested with reference to FZ/T01071-2008 "textile capillary test method", and each fabric sample was cut into strips 250mm 30mm in size in the warp and weft directions, each sample was provided with three sets of parallel samples, and the results were shown as average values. In the test, the sample was naturally suspended vertically above the liquid with the red dye, and the lower end of the sample was immersed in the liquid by a length of about 15 mm. The maximum height of the liquid rising along the strip direction of the sample within 30min was noted as the wicking height. As shown in fig. 11, the wicking height of the warp-direction fabric is generally higher Yu Wei to the fabric, i.e., the moisture transfer capability of the composite fabric in the warp direction is greater, indicating that the moisture transport capability of the fabric is affected by the weave structure of the fabric. The moisture absorption quick-drying performance evaluation standard of the textile indicates that the fabric with the wicking height of the knitted fabric being more than or equal to 100mm and the wicking height of the woven fabric being more than or equal to 90mm can be considered as good in moisture absorption, and the data in the figure show that the wicking height of the fabric of the unidirectional moisture-conducting protective clothing studied by the application meets the moisture absorption quick-drying requirement.
Air permeability testing and analysis
The air permeability of the fabric refers to the air permeability of the fabric at a specified pressure difference on both sides of the fabric, and can be expressed by air permeability R, that is, the volume of air that is transmitted per unit area of fabric per unit time at the specified pressure difference. The higher the measured R value, the better the fabric breathability, and the lower the R value, the worse the fabric breathability. The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: q v Average air flow, dm 3 /min；
Test method
The method adopts YG 461E-III type full-automatic air permeability meter, and refers to GB/T5453-1997 standard of determination of air permeability of textile fabrics. Three replicates were taken for each sample and the results are shown as average.
The selection test conditions were: test area 20cm 2 The pressure drop was 100Pa.
As shown in fig. 12, fabrics a and C have relatively higher air permeability and better air permeability. As can be seen from comparing the air permeabilities of fabrics A and B, and fabrics C and D, respectively, under otherwise identical conditions, the composite fabric with the protective film selected from the meltblown fabric was significantly better than the composite fabric with the PTFE film because the pore size of the meltblown fabric was greater than that of the PTFE film. The comparative fabric E, F, G has a low air permeability, especially fabric F, and almost zero air permeability, which indicates that the protective apparel currently on the market has poor air permeability and poor comfort. The unidirectional moisture-conducting protective clothing composite fabric studied by the subject overcomes the defect precisely, overcomes the defect of poor air permeability of protective clothing, and remarkably improves the comfort performance of the fabric.
Moisture permeability test and analysis
The moisture permeability of a fabric refers to the ability of the fabric to allow water molecules to permeate from one side to the other, as measured by the moisture permeability WVT.
The larger the moisture permeability, the better the moisture permeability of the fabric, and conversely, the worse the moisture permeability. The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: WVT-moisture permeability in grams per square meter for 24 hours [ g/(m) 2 ·24h)]；
Δm—the difference between two weighings of the same test assembly in grams (g);
a-effective test area in square meters (m 3 ) The diameter of the sample is 60mm;
t-test time in hours (h).
Test equipment: YG 601H-II type computerized fabric moisture-permeable instrument and electronic balance
The testing method comprises the following steps: reference GB/T12704.2-2009 "textile fabric moisture permeability test method part 2: the evaporation method is standard, a positive cup method is selected for testing, three parallel samples are arranged in each group, and after the samples are balanced in a test box for 1h, the average value is calculated.
Test conditions: the temperature (38+ -2) deg.C and the relative humidity (50+ -2) percent were selected.
As shown in fig. 13, the moisture permeability of the fabrics a to D is significantly higher than that of the fabrics E to G, i.e., the moisture permeability of the protective clothing using the unidirectional moisture-permeable fabric is far superior to that of the common protective clothing currently circulated in the market. As can be seen from the error bars in the figure, the standard deviation of the moisture permeability of the composite fabric prepared by the application is generally higher than that of protective clothing for comparison.
Hand feel testing and analysis
The hand feel style of the fabric refers to the comprehensive reaction generated when the palm of a person contacts the fabric, and is a subjective evaluation which is difficult to compare. The experiment is carried out by simulating human hand by a robot, establishing a mathematical model by a mode identification method, obtaining objective indexes about the hand feeling of the fabric by calculation and analysis, mainly comprising relative hand feeling characteristic values, overhang coefficients, crease recovery rate, stretchability, rebound resilience, softness, smoothness and the like, and replacing subjective evaluation of people by the objective indexes.
Test equipment: pharbometer, electronic balance, thickness gauge and glove
The testing method comprises the following steps: the test is carried out by referring to T/ZFB003-2019 'test instrument method for textile relative hand feeling value'. Taking 3 samples from each sample, and presenting the samples as an average value of the samples after testing; the test surface is a skin-contacting surface of the unidirectional moisture-conducting knitted fabric. In the test process, the crease recovery data are calculated after 5 minutes of testing the sample and testing the same sample after recovery under the same conditions.
Test conditions: the fabric sample was about 100cm in area 2 Is a circular shape. All samples were heavy fabrics and tested for load weight of three weights 1814.36g.
(1) Hand feel style characteristics
The Pharbometer divides the hand feeling style into three indexes of rebound resilience, softness and smoothness, wherein the score of each index is 100, and the larger the measured value is, the stronger the characteristics of the index are indicated.
As can be seen in fig. 14, the fabric of the protective film selected from the meltblown fabric is less flexible than the fabric of the protective film selected from the PTFE fabric, which may be due to the greater thickness of the meltblown fabric than the PTFE film, as well as the lower softness of the meltblown fabric itself. The fabric of the outer layer fabric is better in softness than the fabric of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric, which is probably caused by the fact that the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric is thicker than the antistatic fabric. In addition, as can be seen from fig. 11, the differences in resilience and smoothness of the respective fabrics are not obvious, indicating that the selection of the protective film and the outer layer fabric has less influence on the resilience and smoothness of the composite fabric.
(2) Visual style characteristics
The Pharbometer divides the visual style into two indexes of drape coefficient and crease recovery rate, and the index scores are 100. The smaller the drape coefficient, the better the drape of the fabric; the greater the crease recovery, the better the crease recovery of the fabric. The visual characteristic values of the four composite fabrics are compared with one another in fig. 15.
As can be seen from fig. 15, the composite fabric of PTFE protective film and antistatic backing is better in drape, probably because both are smaller in thickness and more compliant than the meltblown and unidirectional moisture-wicking backing, so the overall drape of the fabric is better. In addition, the difference of the crease recovery of the fabrics A and B, C and D is larger, and the difference of the crease recovery of the fabrics A and C, B and D is smaller, which indicates that the influence of different protective films on the crease recovery of the fabrics is larger, and the influence of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric and the antistatic fabric on the crease recovery of the fabrics is smaller.
Tear strength test and analysis
When the fabric is torn under the action of external force, the phenomenon that yarns are broken one by one is called the tearing of the fabric, and the tearing strength can be used for measuring the resistance of the fabric to the phenomenon. Common tearing strength testing methods include a single-slit method, a double-slit method, a trapezoid method, a pendulum method and the like, and the test is carried out by adopting an impact pendulum method.
Test equipment: tearing strength machine
The testing method comprises the following steps: reference GB/T3917.1-2009 "textile fabric tear properties part 1: the test was conducted in the measurement of the tearing strength by the impact pendulum method, and the sample size was 10 cm. Times.7.5 cm. Samples were prepared for each cloth sample in the warp and weft directions, three parallel sets of samples were set for each sample, and the results are shown as the average of the three sets.
The test results are shown in FIG. 16
As can be seen from fig. 16, the tearing strength of the composite fabric studied in the present application is far greater than that of the conventional protective clothing on the market, regardless of the warp direction or weft direction, indicating that the composite fabric meets the use requirements in terms of tearing of the basic protective clothing.
Burst strength testing and analysis
The phenomenon that a fabric breaks due to the action of the pressing of an external force is called the bursting of the fabric, and the bursting strength, bursting work and the like are commonly used for measuring the resistance of the fabric to the phenomenon. Common bursting strength test methods include a steel ball method, a pneumatic method and a hydraulic method, and the bursting strength test of the fabric is carried out by adopting the steel ball method.
Test equipment: multifunctional electronic fabric strength machine
The testing method comprises the following steps: the test is carried out by referring to GB/T19976-2005 'determination of breaking strength of textile Steel ball method', the size of the sample is round with the diameter of 7.5cm, and the spherical ejector rod is 25mm in diameter. After the instrument is started, the spherical ejector rod positioned right above the sample moves downwards at a constant speed until the sample is burst, and burst strength and burst work of the sample are measured. Three parallel groups of samples were set up for each sample and the data is presented as an average.
As can be seen from fig. 17, a-D are substantially higher or parallel to fabrics F and G in the comparison fabric, regardless of burst strength or burst strength, and the higher burst strength of the comparison fabric E may be due to the fact that it is a military protective garment, and therefore the requirements in terms of mechanical properties are slightly higher than those of protective garments in other fields. In general, fabrics A-D substantially meet the requirements of protective apparel in terms of bursting, and the bursting performance of the present application is better.
Cutting the fabric into pieces of 5cm 2 Is a square of (2); then, placing a piece of filter paper below the sample, and dripping 10% sodium hydroxide dyed by the direct dye on the surface of the fabric; the sample was placed in a closed container and after 60 minutes of standing, no reagent permeation was recorded and observed. The results show that the fabric has good barrier property to chemical agents.
Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the application to the particular embodiments disclosed, but the application is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, as variations, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the application will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric is characterized in that: the composite fabric comprises an inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, a composite protective layer formed by melt-blown cloth and PTFE micro-nano porous films and an outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces from inside to outside in sequence, wherein the inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric, the composite protective layer and the outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric are bonded through a hot melt adhesive net to form the composite fabric which has a protective function, ensures that a human body is not affected by external substances and can improve the air permeability and the moisture permeability of the fabric.
2. The unidirectional moisture transport protective fabric of claim 1, wherein the moisture transport protective fabric has a water absorption rate of: 30-50%/s, one-way transmission index 200-300%, liquid water dynamic transmission comprehensive index 0.5-0.7.
3. The unidirectional moisture-conductive protective fabric of claim 2, wherein the thickness is 1.40-1.60mm and the grammage is 380-432g/m 2 。
4. A unidirectional moisture transport protective fabric as claimed in claim 3 wherein the fabric has a wicking height in the warp direction of 15.13-16.53cm and a wicking height in the weft direction of 14.36-15.24cm, and has an air permeability of: 86.35-93.95mm/s, the moisture permeability is: 2667.72-3285.64 g/(m) 2 ·24h)。
5. The unidirectional moisture transport protective fabric of claim 4, wherein the rebound resilience value is 54.25-60.12, the smoothness value is 55.12-64.23, the warp direction tearing strength is 96.22-113.04N, the weft direction tearing strength is 81.18-85.42N, the bursting strength is 1000-1200N, and the bursting strength is 2.2-3.0J.
6. The unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric of claim 5, wherein the unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric of the inner layer and the outer layer is unidirectional moisture-conducting jacquard fabric, and comprises 50% -70% of terylene and 50% -30% of polypropylene fiber, wherein the terylene is cross-shaped, the section abnormal degree is more than or equal to 62%, the polypropylene fiber is round, and the gram weight is 135-160g/m 2 The thickness is 0.6-0.7mm, the unidirectional transmission index is 817.47-817.5%, the liquid water dynamic transmission comprehensive index is 0.775-0.90, the half life of the inner and outer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric is 0.38-0.45s, and the point-to-point resistance is 6.0X10 11 -6.2×10 11 Ω。
7. The unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric of claim 6, wherein the composite protective layer is composed of two layers of melt-blown cloth and a PTFE micro-nano porous film arranged between the two layers of melt-blown cloth, the melt-blown cloth is made of polypropylene, the thickness is 0.1mm-0.15mm, the aperture is 100-500um, and the thickness of the PTFE micro-nano porous film is less than that of the polypropylene5 μm, pore diameter of 0.05-0.3 μm, fiber diameter of melt-blown cloth of 1-10 μm, gram weight of 18.4g/m 2 -30 g/m 2 The porosity is more than or equal to 75 percent, the longest length of the holes is 5-500um, the thickness of the PTFE micro-nano porous membrane is 5-10um, and the gram weight is 1-3g/m 2 The porosity is more than or equal to 80%, the longest length of the holes is 100-500nm, the bacterial filtration efficiency of the composite protective layer is more than 96.8%, and when the filtration resistance is the pressure of 85L/min, the filtration efficiency of 0.25-0.3um particles is more than or equal to 99%.
8. The unidirectional moisture-conductive protective fabric of claim 7, wherein the hot melt adhesive net component is PA polyamide with a gram weight of 15-23g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The aperture is 100-500 mu m, the melting point is 120 ℃, and the thickness is 30-50 mu m; the diameter of the fiber is 20-30um; the distribution density of the holes of the hot melt adhesive net is 200 holes/cm 2 About 12000 holes/cm 2 The longest length of the holes is 100-500 μm.
9. The method for preparing the unidirectional moisture-conductive protective fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1): cutting the inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric, the composite protective layer, the outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric and the hot melt adhesive net to the same size, horizontally placing the inner layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with the hydrophilic surface upwards, and sequentially stacking the heat-releasing melt adhesive net, the composite protective layer, the hot melt adhesive net and the outer layer unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with the hydrophilic surface upwards;
(2): firstly, wetting the composite fabric for 6-15s, then ironing and finishing, wherein the ironing temperature is 120-140 ℃, and ironing is carried out for 2-3 minutes until the hot melt adhesive net is melted, so that the composite fabric is integrated; ironing pressure is 0.3-0.5MPa;
(3): and (3) putting the fabric prepared in the step (2) into a drying oven, and drying at 110-120 ℃ for 5-10min to obtain the unidirectional moisture-guiding protective fabric.
10. The application of the unidirectional moisture-guiding protective fabric is characterized in that: the method is applied to clothing fabrics, in particular to protective clothing and outdoor wear.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310829308.6A CN117067724A (en) | 2023-07-07 | 2023-07-07 | Unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310829308.6A CN117067724A (en) | 2023-07-07 | 2023-07-07 | Unidirectional moisture-conducting protective fabric and preparation method and application thereof |
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