CN117060766A - Friction-electromagnetic composite mechanical vibration energy collecting device with rotary independent layer mode - Google Patents
Friction-electromagnetic composite mechanical vibration energy collecting device with rotary independent layer mode Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
The invention discloses a friction-electromagnetic composite mechanical vibration energy collecting device with a rotary independent layer mode, which comprises a base and a moving assembly, wherein the base is connected with the bottom end of the moving assembly; the moving assembly comprises a bottom plate and a bracket, a rectangular frame and a first rotating plate are arranged between the brackets, and the first rotating plate is positioned right above the rectangular frame; an electromagnetic generator is arranged in the rectangular frame, a first friction nano generator is arranged between the rectangular frame and the first rotating plate, the electromagnetic generator comprises two first magnets and two coils, the first magnets are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the bottom end of the rectangular frame based on a support, each coil corresponds to one first magnet and is located at the top end of the rectangular frame, and the first friction nano generator comprises a first aluminum electrode attached to the upper surface of the rectangular frame and a first RTV film attached to the lower surface of the first rotating plate. The invention combines two power generation mechanisms of friction and electromagnetism, and can collect mechanical vibration energy in multiple directions, micro amplitude and weak excitation efficiently.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vibration energy collection, in particular to a friction-electromagnetic composite mechanical vibration energy collection device with a rotary independent layer mode.
Background
With the massive use of fossil energy, environmental crisis is becoming more and more serious, and the search for new green clean energy in the "two carbon" background has been receiving more and more attention. Compared with a large-scale commercial power generation scene, a plurality of neglected available energy sources exist in daily production and life. Among them, the mechanical vibration energy distribution is very wide, such as engines, compressors, vacuum pumps, etc. that are bombed in factories. Various faults often occur in the long-time operation of the mechanical equipment, and the most prominent manifestation is that the equipment vibrates seriously and the noise is obvious. Meanwhile, the vibration conditions of the equipment can indirectly reflect the conditions inside the mechanical equipment to a certain extent, such as mechanical faults of bolt loosening, bearing abrasion and the like. Therefore, on the premise that the vibration of the mechanical equipment cannot be completely avoided, if the vibration energy dissipated in the past can be effectively collected and the vibration information of the mechanical equipment can be collected, the method has important significance for the construction of a self-powered intelligent vibration monitoring system in the future.
At present, friction nano-generators based on the principles of contact electrification and electrostatic induction have shown more excellent output performance and environmental adaptability than electromagnetic generators in low-frequency and micro-amplitude vibration environments. However, the conventional vibration energy collecting device based on the friction nano generator has the defects of lack of multi-directional vibration energy collecting capability, insensitivity to micro-amplitude and low-intensity mechanical vibration response and the like. The structure as disclosed in CN115085586a, while making the device sensitive to vertical-direction vibrations through structural parameter optimization, is insufficient in energy collection capability in the horizontal direction or in the horizontal and vertical composite vibration directions. In the field of vibration energy harvesting, individual layer mode friction nano generators have proven to be more suitable. A friction nano-generator employing independent layer mode is adopted as in CN114608698A, but the energy collecting capability in the composite vibration direction is also poor. In addition, the traditional device has the defects of narrow vibration energy collection frequency bandwidth, single power generation principle and the like. Therefore, research and design of a composite power generation device which can collect multidirectional composite vibration energy efficiently, is sensitive in response under weak vibration excitation and has non-contact power generation capability are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention provides a friction-electromagnetic composite mechanical vibration energy collecting device with a rotary independent layer mode, comprising a base and a moving assembly, wherein the base is connected with the bottom end of the moving assembly through a tower spring; the movable assembly comprises a bottom plate and brackets symmetrically arranged on two sides of the bottom plate, a rectangular frame is arranged between the brackets, a first rotating plate is rotationally connected between the brackets, the centers of the rectangular frame and the first rotating plate are located on the same horizontal plane with the centers of the brackets, the first rotating plate is located right above the rectangular frame, and the upper surface of the rectangular frame is obliquely arranged and is higher than the other end near one end of the bracket, so that the lower surface of the rectangular frame is attached to the upper surface of the rectangular frame when the first rotating plate rotates;
the electromagnetic generator comprises two first magnets and two coils, wherein the first magnets are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the bottom end of the rectangular frame, each coil corresponds to one first magnet and is located on the top end of the rectangular frame, and the first friction nano generator comprises a first aluminum electrode attached to the upper surface of the rectangular frame and a first RTV film attached to the lower surface of the first rotating plate.
Preferably, the first rotating plate is provided with a second magnet and a third magnet, and the second magnet and the third magnet are unequal in weight and are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first rotating plate based on the support;
the second magnet and the third magnet are respectively opposite to the same-polarity surface of the first magnet, so that the first rotating plate is in an unstable magnetic suspension state under the static condition.
Preferably, the two ends of the first rotating plate are symmetrically provided with second friction nano generators, and the second friction nano generators comprise a fixed plate, a second rotating plate, a second aluminum electrode, a third aluminum electrode and a second RTV film;
one end of the fixed plate is fixedly connected with one end of the first rotating plate, the other end of the fixed plate is rotatably connected with the second rotating plate, the fixed plate is obliquely arranged above the first rotating plate, the second aluminum electrode is attached to the lower surface of the second rotating plate, and the third aluminum electrode and the second RTV film are sequentially attached to the upper surface of the fixed plate.
Preferably, a fourth magnet is disposed on the second rotating plate, and the fourth magnet is opposite to the same polarity surfaces of the second magnet and the third magnet, so that the second rotating plate is in an unstable magnetic suspension state under the static condition.
Preferably, both the first RTV film and the second RTV film are doped with a certain amount of halloysite nanotubes.
Preferably, a third friction nano generator is arranged on the first rotating plate, and the third friction nano generator comprises a box body, copper balls, a PTFE film and a fourth aluminum electrode;
the box body is arranged on the second magnet and the third magnet, the PTFE film is arranged at the bottom end in the box body, the fourth aluminum electrode is arranged below the PTFE film, and the copper balls are arranged in the box body.
Preferably, 6 copper balls are arranged in the box body, and two fourth aluminum electrodes are symmetrically arranged below the PTFE film.
Preferably, the base is fixedly connected with the bottom plate through the tower springs, the bottom plate is connected with the base through four tower springs, and the four tower springs are arranged in a diamond structure.
Preferably, the included angle between the upper surface of the rectangular frame and the horizontal line is 3-6 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention introduces an asymmetric magnetic suspension structure, constructs a balance state which is easy to break, improves response sensitivity under weak vibration excitation, and simultaneously, the nonlinear magnetic repulsion force further widens the working frequency band of the device. In addition, friction-electromagnetic composite power generation is realized by introducing an electromagnetic power generation unit so as to fully utilize the magnetic suspension structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a mechanical vibration energy harvesting device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the preparation of the composite film according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a topography of the surface of the composite film after HNTs doping in the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of output open circuit voltages at different HNTs doping levels in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of output short-circuit currents at different HNTs doping levels in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of output power corresponding to different load resistances at an optimal HNTs doping amount according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a non-parallel contact separation mode friction nano-generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit model of a non-parallel contact separation mode friction nano-generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a rotary independent layer mode friction nano-generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit model of a rotary independent layer mode friction nano-generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a partial structure of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a structural diagram of a copper ball rolling independent layer mode friction nano-generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the copper ball rolling independent layer mode friction nano-generator of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the connection output of each of the friction generating units according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the electromagnetic generating section of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the output of the connection of each electromagnetic generating unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an experiment in which the mechanical vibration energy harvesting apparatus of the present invention may harvest multi-directional vibration energy;
FIG. 18 is a graph of output open circuit voltages at different directions of vibration for a mechanical vibration energy harvesting device of the present disclosure secured to a horizontal surface;
FIG. 19 is a graph of output open circuit voltage for a mechanical vibration energy harvesting device of the present invention secured in different angular planes;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of an experimental environment in which the mechanical vibration energy harvesting device of the present invention is mounted to an air compressor;
FIG. 21 is a graph of output open circuit voltage for a triboelectric power generation portion of the present invention with different numbers of copper balls;
FIG. 22 is a graph of output open circuit voltage for a triboelectric power generation portion of the present invention at different magnet volumes;
FIG. 23 is a graph of output open circuit voltage for a triboelectric power generation portion of the present invention with different spring support structures;
FIG. 24 is a graph of the output open circuit voltage of the friction generating section of the present invention when installed in an air compressor;
FIG. 25 is a plot of the frequency of the voltage signal generated by the triboelectric power generation portion of the present invention after FFT;
fig. 26 is a graph showing the output open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the electromagnetic generating section when the present invention is installed in an air compressor.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-26:
referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a friction-electromagnetic composite mechanical vibration energy harvesting apparatus having a rotating independent layer mode, comprising:
the base 1 is connected with the bottom end of the moving assembly 3 through a tower spring 2; the moving assembly 3 comprises a bottom plate 31 and brackets 32 symmetrically arranged on two sides of the bottom plate 31, a rectangular frame 33 is arranged between the brackets 32, a first rotating plate 34 is rotatably connected between the brackets 32, the centers of the rectangular frame 33 and the first rotating plate 34 are located on the same horizontal plane with the centers of the brackets 32, the first rotating plate 34 is located right above the rectangular frame 33, the upper surface of the rectangular frame 33 is obliquely arranged, and one end, close to the brackets 32, is higher than the other end, so that the lower surface of the first rotating plate 34 is attached to the upper surface of the rectangular frame 33 when the first rotating plate 34 rotates;
specifically, the base 1 is fixedly connected with the bottom plate 31 through the tower springs 2, the bottom plate 31 is connected with the base 1 through four tower springs, the four tower springs are arranged in a diamond structure, and the tower springs are respectively connected with the bottom plate 31 and the base 1 through hot melt adhesives. One end of the first rotating plate 34 is provided with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected with the bracket 32 through a bearing.
Wherein, be equipped with electromagnetic generator in the rectangular frame 33, be equipped with first friction nano generator between rectangular frame 33 and the first rotor plate 34, this first friction nano generator is rotatory independent layer mode friction nano generator, electromagnetic generator includes two first magnet 35 and two coils 36, first magnet 35 is located rectangular frame 33 bottom both sides based on support 32 symmetry, each coil 36 corresponds a first magnet 35 and is located rectangular frame 33 top, first friction nano generator includes the first aluminium electrode 37 that pastes in rectangular frame 33 upper surface and pastes in first RTV film 38 of first rotor plate 34 lower surface.
Further, the first rotating plate 34 is provided with a second magnet 4 and a third magnet 5, and the second magnet 4 and the third magnet 5 are not equal in weight and are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first rotating plate 34 based on the bracket 32;
wherein the second magnet 4 and the third magnet 5 are respectively opposite to the same polarity surface of the first magnet 35, so that the first rotating plate 34 is in an unstable magnetic suspension state under the static state.
In this embodiment, the two ends of the first rotating plate 34 are symmetrically provided with second friction nano generators, the second friction nano generators are non-parallel contact separation mode friction nano generators, and the second friction nano generators comprise a fixed plate 6, a second rotating plate 15, a second aluminum electrode 8, a third aluminum electrode 10 and a second RTV film 9;
wherein, fixed plate 6 one end and first rotor plate 34 one end fixed connection, the other end rotates with the second rotor plate 15 to be connected and fixed plate 6 slope sets up in first rotor plate 34 top, and the lower surface of second rotor plate 15 pastes has second aluminium electrode 8, and the upper surface of fixed plate 6 has pasted third aluminium electrode 10 and second RTV film 9 in proper order.
Further, the second rotating plate 15 is provided with a fourth magnet 7, and the fourth magnet 7 is opposite to the same polarity surfaces of the second magnet 4 and the third magnet 5, so that the second rotating plate 15 is in an unstable magnetic suspension state under the static state.
In this embodiment, both the first RTV film 38 and the second RTV film 9 are doped with a certain amount of halloysite nanotubes.
In this embodiment, a third friction nano-generator is disposed on the first rotating plate 34, the third friction nano-generator is a copper ball rolling independent layer mode friction nano-generator, and the third friction nano-generator includes a box 11, a copper ball 12, a PTFE film 13 and a fourth aluminum electrode 14;
wherein, the case 11 is arranged on the second magnet 4 and the third magnet 5, the PTFE film 13 is arranged at the bottom end in the case 11, the fourth aluminum electrode 14 is arranged below the PTFE film 13, and the copper ball 12 is arranged in the case 11.
Further, 6 solid copper balls 12 with the diameter of 5mm are arranged in the box 11, and two fourth aluminum electrodes 14 are symmetrically arranged below the PTFE film 13.
In this example, room temperature vulcanized silica gel (RTV) films are composite films doped with a certain amount of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs). HNTs with high dielectric constants generally exhibit a tubular structure with a certain aspect ratio, which facilitates their dispersion in polymers and is not prone to agglomeration in practical applications. In addition, compared with the fillers such as carbon nanotubes, graphene and the like, the halloysite nanotube has the advantages of low cost, abundant reserves and the like. Whereas RTV can be cured at room temperature without the need for complex tooling.
Referring to fig. 2, the specific manufacturing process of the composite film includes:
first, a liquid room temperature silicon sulfide collagen solution and HNTs powder of different mass fractions were poured into a beaker and magnetically stirred for 3 hours (400 rpm and 40 ℃) until the mixture was uniformly dispersed.
Then pouring the curing agent according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and further magnetically stirring for 3 minutes. The mixed solution was poured onto an acrylic substrate, and a composite film having a thickness of 1mm was scraped with a film applicator.
Finally, the composite film was left to stand at room temperature for 24 hours to fully cure.
Wherein, the acrylic substrate was previously sanded with 2000 mesh sandpaper to construct a surface microstructure. As shown in FIG. 3, the surface of the RTV film after sanding and doping with HNTs powder has not only linear microstructure formed by sanding, but also some HNTs powder on the surface is separated out.
In order to quantitatively characterize the output capacity, a composite film with the size of 1mm multiplied by 3cm is used as a negative friction layer, a copper foil layer is adhered to the back of the composite film to be used as an electrode, and an aluminum film is relatively selected as a positive friction layer and another electrode to be used as a vertical contact separation mode friction nano generator for testing. Under the vibration working condition that the vibration frequency is 5Hz and the separation distance is 1cm, the open-circuit output voltage and the short-circuit current under different HNTs doping amounts are measured as shown in figures 4 and 5, and it is obvious that the HNTs doping effectively improves the output performance of the friction nano generator. When the doping ratio is 7%, the maximum open circuit voltage and short circuit current are respectively 310V and 13 mu A, which are respectively higher than those of RTV films of undoped HNTs by nearly 100% and 85%. And when the external load resistance value is 50mΩ, the maximum power is 1576 μw, as shown in fig. 6.
The doping of HNTs improves the dielectric constant of the composite film, improves the surface charge density of the friction layer, and leads the electrical output of the friction nano generator to be obviously improved. However, when the doping rate is too high, HNTs powder on the surface of the composite film increases, which reduces the effective contact area of the RTV film with the electrode, thereby reducing the output performance of the tribo-nano-generator. The composite film based on RTV and HNTs has the characteristics of simple manufacturing process, low cost and excellent output performance, and is beneficial to promoting large-scale commercial application of friction nano generators.
Referring to fig. 7, the specific power generation process of the non-parallel contact separation mode friction nano-generator includes that when the device is excited by external vibration, the second rotary plate 15 rotates relative to the fixed plate 6, so that the lower surface of the second aluminum electrode 8 at the lower side of the second rotary plate 15 is continuously contacted and separated from the upper surface of the RTV film which is adhered to the upper surface of the fixed plate 6 and is adhered with the third aluminum electrode 10 at the back, and the two friction layers generate equal positive and negative charges in the contacting process due to different electron losing capacities of the two friction layers. When the two friction layers start to separate from each other from the contact state, an increasing potential difference is generated between the two electrodes due to the electrostatic induction phenomenon, and at this time, a flow of electrons is generated between the second aluminum electrode 8 and the third aluminum electrode 10 through an external circuit to balance the potential difference. When the two friction layers are changed from the separated state to the contact state, electrons in opposite directions flow to balance the reverse change of the potential difference.
An equivalent circuit model of a non-parallel contact separation mode friction nano-generator is shown in fig. 8. In this part of the friction nano-generator, the capacitance C between the upper electrode and the dielectric layer 2 Can be regarded as a non-parallel plate capacitance model, and can be expressed as
Capacitance C of dielectric layer itself 1 Can be expressed as
The total capacitance C of the friction nano generator can be obtained by connecting the two in series, and can be specifically expressed as
In the open state, no charge transfer occurs between the electrodes, so that the open voltage is related only to the surface charge density due to friction, and can be expressed as
According to the above expression, the transfer charge under short circuit can be obtained as
Further, deriving the transferred charge over time may yield a short circuit current expression as
Wherein θ (t) is the angle between the two friction layers, ε 0 Is the dielectric constant of vacuum, d 1 Is the thickness of the dielectric friction layer, ε 1 Is its dielectric constant. R is R 2 Is the length from point o to the furthest point of the friction layer, R 1 For the length of point o to the nearest point of the friction layer, then l=r 2 -R 1 Is the length of the two friction layers. w is the width of the friction layer and s=wl is the actual contact area of the friction layer. In this model, the dielectric layer acts as a negative friction layer and the two metal layers act as a positive friction layer and an electrode layer, respectively. When the positive and negative friction layers are in contact with each other, the inner surface will uniformly develop opposite frictional charges of density σ. When the two friction layers start to separate, the potential difference between the two electrodes will drive the short-circuit transfer charge (Q sc ). The above analysis shows that the model has similar output characteristics as a vertical contact separation mode friction nano-generator.The open circuit voltage is proportional to the rotation angle, but the transferred charge is not proportional to the rotation angle. This is because in this model only C 2 The capacitance C of the dielectric layer itself varies with the rotation angle 1 Is constant. Therefore, the model can obtain higher charge transfer efficiency only when the minimum separation distance between the friction layers is small.
Referring to fig. 9, the operating principle of the rotation independent layer mode friction nano generator is: after the first rotating plate 34 is separated by several full rotational contacts, the RTV film and the first aluminum electrode 37 surface are oppositely charged. Fig. 9i shows an initial state in which the first rotating plate 34 is in contact with the left electrode of the first aluminum electrode 37. As shown in fig. 9ii, when the first rotating plate 34 rotates clockwise, the RTV film will separate from the left electrode and approach the right electrode of the first aluminum electrode 37. Due to the change in the position of the first rotating plate 34, a potential difference will be generated between the left and right side electrodes of the first aluminum electrode 37, and electrons are driven to transfer from the right side electrode to the left side aluminum electrode of the first aluminum electrode 37 to balance the potential difference. As shown in fig. 9iii, when the first rotating plate 34 is completely rotated and contacts the right electrode of the first aluminum electrode 37, electrons are completely transferred. Thereafter, the first rotating plate 34 will rotate counter-clockwise and reach a symmetrical horizontal position, as shown in fig. 9 iv. During the reverse rotation, the potential difference between the left and right electrodes of the first aluminum electrode 37 changes in an opposite direction, thereby generating a reverse current in the external circuit. In summary, the potential difference between the left and right electrodes of the first aluminum electrode 37 is changed due to the periodic rotation of the first rotating plate 34, and thus the mechanical energy is continuously converted into the electrical energy.
An equivalent circuit model of the rotating independent layer mode friction nano-generator is shown in fig. 10. In this mode, the top independent dielectric layer rotates around its center and forms periodic contact separation with the left and right lower metal electrodes. Such a friction nanogenerator can be considered as a single electrode mode or a sliding independent layer mode friction nanogenerator. The model is considered as a rotation independent friction nano generator because of its good symmetry. When the surface of the dielectric layer is sufficiently charged, the total charge of the two electrodes is considered to be the integral of each small triboelectrically charged region of the dielectric layer, which can be expressed as
Final transferred charge quantity (Q sc,final ) Can be expressed as
Wherein θ (t) is the angle between the lower right surface of the dielectric layer and the upper surface of the right electrode, θ max Is the maximum value. l is the length of the dielectric layer. The lower surface potential of the dielectric layer in this structure is not constant and therefore cannot be considered as a node, which can be analyzed using the principle of electrostatic superposition. Let a small region of length dk be present at k from the left edge of the dielectric layer, the surface charge density being- σ. C (C) i (k) Representing the capacitance between the small charged area σ wdk and the metal i. The structure is different from the traditional sliding independent layer mode friction nano generator, the moving part of the sliding independent layer mode friction nano generator does not change the horizontal sliding distance, and the power generation process is realized by changing the angle theta (t) through rotating around the central shaft.
With this construction, the relative contact area between the friction layers is maintained constant, but only the angle between them is varied. From the non-parallel plate capacitor formula, C 1 And C 2 And is substantially inversely proportional to the angle between the left and right metal electrodes and their corresponding dielectric layer portions. Due to structural limitations, this mode cannot be used where the dielectric layer completely covers one side of the electrode in the extreme position.
Thus, the overall charge transfer efficiency of the rotating independent layer mode friction nanogenerator is reduced compared to the sliding independent layer mode friction nanogenerator. But as an independent layer mode friction nano-generator, the modelThe output characteristics of (a) are also independent of the capacitance of the dielectric layer itself, and the influencing C 1 And C 2 Always with the change of the rotational position. The rotating independent layer mode friction nano-generator also has a relatively significant charge transfer when the minimum separation distance between the friction layers is relatively large compared to the contact separation mode friction nano-generator. In a word, the friction nano generator in the rotation independent mode is more suitable for mechanical vibration working conditions with larger randomness, smaller amplitude and weaker excitation, so that the friction layer is difficult to fully contact.
Referring to fig. 11, copper balls 12 are provided in the cavity of the case 11 to constitute an independent layer mode friction nano-generator. More specifically, as shown in fig. 12, the copper ball 12 can be rolled on a PTFE film with two aluminum electrodes attached to the back. Due to the difference in electron withdrawing ability between the copper balls 12 and the PTFE membrane, the copper balls 12 are positively charged and the PTFE membrane is negatively charged after sufficient rolling contact. When the first rotating plate 34 is rotated by the external vibration excitation, the copper balls 12 start to roll periodically. The separation area of the copper balls 12 from the PTFE membrane creates a potential difference between the two aluminum electrodes on the back of the PTFE membrane due to electrostatic induction. To balance this potential difference, a periodic current is generated in the external circuit, the specific power generation principle of which is shown in fig. 13. As shown in fig. 14, for each of the friction power generation units, the current flow direction during the movement is considered and then outputted in parallel as the total output of the friction power generation unit.
As shown in fig. 15, the principle of power generation of the electromagnetic power generation section is such that, with the periodical rotation of the first rotary plate 34, the magnet inside thereof is rotated, so that the magnetic flux is changed by the coil 36 inside the rectangular frame 33 to generate an ac power output. Due to the inherent characteristics of the designed rotating structure, the magnetic flux variation tendencies of the two coils 36 are diametrically opposite, and as shown in fig. 16, the total output of the electromagnetic generating section can be directly outputted in parallel in consideration of the current flow direction.
Example 1
Performance testing in simulated vibration environments
The device can collect vibration energy in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction and the combined direction of the two directions, and the fixing surface is not limited to be a horizontal surface, and a specific experimental method is shown in fig. 17. When the fixed surface is a horizontal surface, the output open circuit voltages of the friction generating units at different vibration directions are shown in fig. 18, where θ is defined as the angle between the vibration direction and the horizontal surface. It is apparent that the device has a certain output open circuit voltage in different vibration directions, and the output is higher as the vibration direction is closer to the horizontal plane. And when the fixed surface is not a horizontal surface, the output open circuit voltage of the friction generating unit at a different fixed inclination angle θ is as shown in fig. 19. Although the output is reduced with the increase of the inclination angle, the device also has excellent multi-directional vibration energy collecting capability and good adaptability to complex mechanical vibration environments.
Example 2
Performance test under practical application
To demonstrate the unique advantages of the present invention in the field of harvesting mechanical vibration energy, the output characteristics of the device when installed in an air compressor were systematically tested, with the experimental environment shown in fig. 20. The electrical output of the device varies significantly with different structural parameters. As shown in fig. 21, the output open circuit voltage of the friction generating portion of the device was tested at different numbers of 5mm diameter copper balls 12, corresponding to a gradual number of test charts from left to right. When the number of copper balls 12 is small (n=2), the copper balls 12 have little influence on the rotational movement of the rotating plate because they are too light. And as the number of copper balls 12 increases (n=6), the output open circuit voltage increases. This is because the copper balls 12 are not neglected in this case with respect to the mass of the rotor part, their back and forth rolling in the cavity increases the rotation angle of the rotor plate and the impact force between the friction layers. However, when the number of copper particles is excessive (n=10), the copper balls 12 may collide with each other in the cavity to cause irregular rotational movement, thereby lowering the output. In a word, the copper ball 12 rolling friction nano generator not only can generate an electric signal to reflect vibration conditions, but also can periodically change the overall gravity center distribution of a rotating part, increase the rotating angle and the rotating force, and avoid the condition that the rotating part is difficult to rotate in a large angle under the excitation of small amplitude.
The first magnet 35 in the device is opposite to the same polarity surface of the second magnet 4 and the third magnet 5, and the first rotating plate 34 is in an unstable magnetic suspension state under the static state through magnetic repulsive force. The fourth magnet 7 and the second magnet 4 and the third magnet 5 are mutually exclusive, so that the second rotary plate 15 is in a magnetic suspension state. The introduction of the magnetic suspension structure enables the rotating component to be in an unstable and sensitive balance state to external response. When the first rotating plate 34 is fully rotated to one side, the unbalanced magnetic repulsive force provides a restoring force for the reverse rotation of the first rotating plate 34, which greatly improves the effective response capability of the device to minute mechanical vibrations. In addition, the magnetic levitation structure provides a nonlinear elastic magnetic repulsive force for each rotating portion, widening an operating band. The magnitude of the magnetic repulsive force has a great influence on the output performance. First, the volumes of the second magnet 4 and the third magnet 5 were fixed to 15mm×10mm×4mm, and the dimensions of the fourth magnet 7 were fixed to 10mm×5mm×3mm. In addition, a small magnet of 15mm×5mm×2mm in size is added to one of the second magnet 4 and the third magnet 5 similarly to the function of the above-mentioned copper ball 12 rolling friction nano generator. This slight imbalance further increases the angle of rotation and the impact force.
Fig. 22 shows a test chart of increasing volume from left to right at different volumes of the second magnet 4, and the output open circuit voltage of the friction generating portion in the device. When the magnet is small in size, the magnet is sensitive to external vibration response, but the impact force is small, so that the output performance is low. As the volume of the magnet increases, the impact force increases, thereby improving the output performance. However, as the volume of the magnet increases further, the magnetic repulsive force will increase significantly. The excessively large magnetic repulsive force hinders further rotation of the rotating plate, resulting in insufficient contact between the friction layers. For example, when the magnet volume is 20mm×20mm×10mm, the open circuit voltage is significantly lower than when the magnet volume is 20mm×10mm×5 mm. However, a magnetic levitation structure is necessary. When the second magnet 4 is removed, the first rotary plate 34 is completely rotated to one side, and cannot be periodically and repeatedly rotated under weak excitation of the air compressor. Also, when the fourth magnet 7 is removed, there is little relative rotational movement between the second rotary plate 15 and the first rotary plate 34. Therefore, it is important to select a magnet as the mass and to construct a magnetic levitation structure, as opposed to a non-magnetic mass.
In this embodiment, the upper surface of the rectangular frame 33 is preferably at an angle of 3-6 ° to the horizontal in order to ensure that the rotating plate can be brought into sufficient contact with the upper surface of the upper frame under the excitation of a small mechanical vibration. The included angle should be as small as possible when the vibration of the mechanical device is weak, and slightly larger when the vibration of the mechanical device is severe, to produce a larger electrical output.
The tower spring array in the invention is composed of four tower springs 2, the smaller diameter end of the tower springs is fixedly connected with the bottom plate through hot melt adhesive, and the larger diameter end of the tower springs is fixedly connected with the base 1 through hot melt adhesive. Compared with a support array formed by common cylindrical springs with equal diameters, the tower spring 2 is more sensitive to horizontal and mixed direction vibration on the basis of guaranteeing the stability of the device, and can effectively amplify the torsional displacement of the device. Further, compared with the common rectangular four-corner supported spring array distribution, the diamond array distribution is optimized to further normalize and amplify the displacement of the device in the ideal torsion direction. As shown in fig. 23, the electrical output of the friction generating portion of the device is significantly improved due to the optimization of the spring support array.
In a word, the power generation device can efficiently collect the vibration energy of mechanical equipment. As shown in fig. 24, the friction generating part thereof may generate an open circuit voltage of 60V when mounted to the air compressor. Further, fig. 25 shows the FFT result of the output voltage signal of the friction generating portion of the apparatus. The result shows that the device can accurately embody the vibration working condition of the air compressor with the rated vibration frequency of 25 Hz.
For the electromagnetic power generation part, the following fig. 26 shows the output open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the part under the vibration condition of the air compressor. Under an actual vibration environment, the electromagnetic generating portion may generate an open circuit voltage of about 0.9V and a short circuit current of 1.5 mA. By introducing the friction power generation unit and the electromagnetic power generation unit into the device at the same time, the integral output of the device is improved, and the high output current of the electromagnetic power generation part also makes up the defect of low output current of the friction power generation part.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The friction-electromagnetic composite mechanical vibration energy collecting device with the rotary independent layer mode is characterized by comprising a base and a moving assembly, wherein the base is connected with the bottom end of the moving assembly through a tower spring; the movable assembly comprises a bottom plate and brackets symmetrically arranged on two sides of the bottom plate, a rectangular frame is arranged between the brackets, a first rotating plate is rotationally connected between the brackets, the centers of the rectangular frame and the first rotating plate are located on the same horizontal plane with the centers of the brackets, the first rotating plate is located right above the rectangular frame, and the upper surface of the rectangular frame is obliquely arranged and is higher than the other end near one end of the bracket, so that the lower surface of the rectangular frame is attached to the upper surface of the rectangular frame when the first rotating plate rotates;
the electromagnetic generator comprises two first magnets and two coils, wherein the first magnets are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the bottom end of the rectangular frame, each coil corresponds to one first magnet and is located on the top end of the rectangular frame, and the first friction nano generator comprises a first aluminum electrode attached to the upper surface of the rectangular frame and a first RTV film attached to the lower surface of the first rotating plate.
2. The friction-electromagnetic composite mechanical vibration energy collecting device with the rotation independent layer mode according to claim 1, wherein a second magnet and a third magnet are arranged on the first rotating plate, the second magnet and the third magnet are unequal in weight and are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first rotating plate based on the support;
the second magnet and the third magnet are respectively opposite to the same-polarity surface of the first magnet, so that the first rotating plate is in an unstable magnetic suspension state under the static condition.
3. The friction-electromagnetic composite mechanical vibration energy collecting device with the rotation independent layer mode according to claim 1, wherein the two ends of the first rotating plate are symmetrically provided with a second friction nano-generator, and the second friction nano-generator comprises a fixed plate, a second rotating plate, a second aluminum electrode, a third aluminum electrode and a second RTV film;
one end of the fixed plate is fixedly connected with one end of the first rotating plate, the other end of the fixed plate is rotatably connected with the second rotating plate, the fixed plate is obliquely arranged above the first rotating plate, the second aluminum electrode is attached to the lower surface of the second rotating plate, and the third aluminum electrode and the second RTV film are sequentially attached to the upper surface of the fixed plate.
4. A friction-electromagnetic compound mechanical vibration energy harvesting apparatus having a rotationally independent layer mode as recited in claim 3, wherein a fourth magnet is disposed on the second rotating plate, the fourth magnet being opposite the same polar surfaces of the second and third magnets, respectively, such that the second rotating plate is in an unstable magnetic levitation state at rest.
5. The friction-electromagnetic compound mechanical vibration energy harvesting device having a rotationally independent layer mode as recited in claim 4, wherein the first RTV film and the second RTV film are each doped with a quantity of halloysite nanotubes.
6. The friction-electromagnetic composite mechanical vibration energy collecting device with the rotation independent layer mode according to claim 1, wherein a third friction nano generator is arranged on the first rotating plate, and the third friction nano generator comprises a box body, copper balls, a PTFE film and a fourth aluminum electrode;
the box body is arranged on the second magnet and the third magnet, the PTFE film is arranged at the bottom end in the box body, the fourth aluminum electrode is arranged below the PTFE film, and the copper balls are arranged in the box body.
7. The friction-electromagnetic composite mechanical vibration energy collecting device with the rotary independent layer mode according to claim 6, wherein 6 copper balls are arranged in the box body, and two fourth aluminum electrodes are symmetrically arranged below the PTFE film.
8. The friction-electromagnetic composite mechanical vibration energy harvesting apparatus having a rotary independent layer mode of claim 1, wherein the base is fixedly connected to the base plate by the tower springs, the base plate and the base are connected by four of the tower springs, and the four tower springs are arranged in a diamond-shaped configuration.
9. A friction-electromagnetic compound mechanical vibration energy harvesting apparatus having a rotationally independent layer pattern as defined in claim 1 wherein the upper surface of the rectangular frame is angled from 3 ° to 6 ° from horizontal.
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