CN117060202A - Laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation device and method - Google Patents
Laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation device and a method, wherein the device comprises: the system comprises a laser source, a control module, a gain compensation circulation module and an optical fiber coupler; a laser source for generating an initial laser pulse train to be modulated; the control module is used for sending out a radio frequency signal for controlling the working state of the gain compensation circulation module and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the gain compensation circulation module; the gain compensation circulation module is used for improving the energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train and enabling the sub-pulse after the energy improvement to coincide with the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train in the time domain; and the optical fiber coupler is used for coupling each superimposed sub-pulse according to a preset coupling ratio and outputting a first laser pulse string and a modulated second laser pulse string. The scheme utilizes a gain pre-compensation technology and a pulse time domain superposition technology to regulate and control the energy of each sub-pulse in the envelope one by one, thereby realizing the morphology modulation of the laser pulse train time domain.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of pulse fiber lasers, in particular to a laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation device and method.
Background
Pulse train mode laser refers to a pulse sequence with a certain pulse envelope morphology in the time domain and adjustable number of pulses in the envelope. This mode laser has shown excellent advantages in the field of fine processing of materials because of its lower thermal effect and higher processing efficiency. In addition, the laser pulse string has important application value in the fields of space ablation propulsion, fluid measurement, high-speed imaging diagnosis, high-speed optical communication, laser ranging and the like.
The current method for obtaining the high-energy laser pulse train mainly comprises a solid amplifying technology and an optical fiber amplifying technology, but because of the gain saturation effect, the time domain envelope of the pulse train is distorted in morphology in the amplifying process, the nonlinear threshold of a laser system is reduced, and the output energy is prevented from being improved. Meanwhile, the front-end devices of the amplifier may be damaged, affecting the stability of the system. Therefore, in order to mitigate the adverse effect of gain saturation on the amplification process, the pulse train time domain profile must be modulated prior to amplifying the laser pulse train. How to realize the modulation of the pulse train time domain morphology has become a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the application provides a laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation device and a method.
According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation apparatus, the apparatus including a laser source, a control module, a gain compensation cycle module, and an optical fiber coupler; wherein:
the laser source is used for generating an initial laser pulse train to be modulated;
the control module is used for sending out a radio frequency signal for controlling the working state of the gain compensation circulation module and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the gain compensation circulation module; wherein the radio frequency signal is matched with the envelope signal time domain of the initial laser pulse train;
the gain compensation circulation module is used for improving the energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train and enabling the sub-pulse after the energy improvement to coincide with the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train in the time domain; the first laser pulse train is a pulse train which is transmitted to the gain compensation circulation module by the optical fiber coupler;
the optical fiber coupler is used for coupling each superimposed sub-pulse according to a preset coupling ratio and outputting the first laser pulse train and the modulated second laser pulse train; the superimposed sub-pulse is obtained by superimposing the sub-pulse output by the gain compensation circulation module and the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train.
In some embodiments of the application, the fiber optic coupler includes a first input, a second input, a first output, and a second output; the first input end is connected with the laser source, the second input end is connected with the output end of the gain compensation circulation module, the first output end is used for outputting the second laser pulse string, and the second output end is connected with the input end of the gain compensation circulation module.
As one possible implementation, the gain compensation loop module includes a fiber amplifier, an optical transmission delay structure, and an optical modulation switch; wherein:
the optical fiber amplifier is used for improving the energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train; the input end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected with the output end of the optical fiber coupler;
the optical transmission delay structure is used for prolonging the whole optical length of the gain compensation circulation module so as to realize the delay of optical transmission time, and the sub-pulse after the energy rise is overlapped with the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse in the time domain; the input end of the optical transmission delay structure is connected with the output end of the optical fiber amplifier;
the optical modulation switch is used for controlling the switch state of the output end based on the radio frequency signal; the input end of the optical modulation switch is connected with the output end of the optical transmission delay structure, and the output end of the optical modulation switch is connected with the input end of the optical fiber coupler.
As another possible implementation manner, the gain compensation loop module further includes:
an optical fiber isolator for unidirectionally transmitting the first laser pulse train in the gain compensation cycle module; the input end of the optical fiber isolator is connected with the output end of the optical fiber coupler, and the output end of the optical fiber isolator is connected with the input end of the optical fiber amplifier.
As one example, the optical transmission delay structure includes a passive matching fiber and a tunable optical delay line; wherein:
the passive matching optical fiber is used for compensating the optical length required by the optical transmission time delay of the gain compensation circulation module;
the adjustable optical delay line is used for accurately adjusting the optical length of the gain compensation circulation module.
In some embodiments of the application, the optical modulation switch is an optical modulation device or an acousto-optic modulation device.
As a possible implementation, the control module includes a photodetector and a radio frequency signal generator, wherein:
the photoelectric detector is used for converting the received initial laser pulse train signal into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the radio frequency signal generator; the input end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the laser source, and the output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the input end of the radio frequency signal generator;
the radio frequency signal generator is used for emitting the radio frequency signal based on the electric signal and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the optical modulation switch.
In other embodiments of the present application, the radio frequency signal from the control module matches the target profile.
According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation method, which is applied to the laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation apparatus described in the first aspect, including:
generating an initial laser pulse train based on the laser source;
based on the control module, a radio frequency signal for controlling the working state of the gain compensation circulation module is sent out and is transmitted to the gain compensation circulation module; wherein the radio frequency signal is matched with the envelope signal time domain of the initial laser pulse train;
based on the gain compensation circulation module, the energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train is improved, and the sub-pulse after the energy improvement is overlapped with the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train in the time domain; the first laser pulse train is a pulse train which is transmitted to the gain compensation circulation module by the optical fiber coupler;
coupling each superimposed sub-pulse according to a preset coupling ratio based on the optical fiber coupler, and outputting the first laser pulse train and the modulated second laser pulse train; the superimposed sub-pulse is obtained by superimposing the sub-pulse output by the gain compensation circulation module and the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train.
The radio frequency signal sent by the control module corresponds to the target morphology.
According to the technical scheme of the application, the energy of each sub-pulse in the pulse string output by the optical fiber coupler is improved through the gain compensation circulation module, the sub-pulse after the energy improvement is overlapped with the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse string sent by the laser source in the time domain, the overlapped sub-pulse is divided into two paths by the optical fiber coupler according to the preset coupling ratio, one path is continuously input to the gain compensation circulation module, and the other path is directly output as the modulated pulse string. According to the scheme, the gain compensation and pulse time domain superposition in the gain compensation circulation module are utilized to regulate and control the energy of each sub-pulse in the envelope one by one, so that the morphology modulation of the laser pulse train time domain is realized, and the energy loss in the modulation process is greatly reduced.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a block diagram of a laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of various signals in a laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of another apparatus for modulating the temporal morphology of a laser pulse train according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a modulation apparatus for modulating the time domain morphology of a laser pulse train according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of another apparatus for modulating the temporal morphology of a laser pulse train according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a modulated profile of a laser pulse train time domain profile modulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a method for modulating a time domain morphology of a laser pulse train according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present application and should not be construed as limiting the application.
The pulse train mode laser refers to a pulse sequence with a certain pulse envelope morphology in the time domain and adjustable pulse number inside the envelope. This mode laser has shown excellent advantages in the field of fine processing of materials because of its lower thermal effect and higher processing efficiency. In addition, the laser pulse string has important application value in the fields of space ablation propulsion, fluid measurement, high-speed imaging diagnosis, high-speed optical communication, laser ranging and the like.
The current method for obtaining the high-energy laser pulse train mainly comprises a solid amplifying technology and an optical fiber amplifying technology, but because of the gain saturation effect, the time domain envelope of the pulse train is distorted in morphology in the amplifying process, the nonlinear threshold of a laser system is reduced, and the output energy is prevented from being improved. Meanwhile, the front-end devices of the amplifier may be damaged, affecting the stability of the system. Thus, to mitigate the adverse effect of gain saturation on the amplification process, the pulse train time domain profile may be modulated prior to amplifying the laser pulse train. How to realize the modulation of the pulse train time domain morphology has become a problem to be solved.
In the related art, an optical modulation technology is a mainstream way of realizing the editing of the time domain morphology of a pulse train, namely, the diffraction efficiency of an optical modulation switch in a laser system on different optical pulses is controlled by changing the time domain waveform of an analog driving signal, so that the time domain morphology of the pulse train is regulated and controlled. The method is essentially used for adjusting the optical loss, and the insertion loss of the device is large, so that the energy of the modulated pulse train is greatly reduced, and the multi-stage amplification is needed to realize the output of the high-energy pulse train, so that the complexity of the design and the construction of a laser system is increased. In addition, due to the limitation of rising/falling time of the optical modulation switch and the driver, for a pulse train mode with a high repetition frequency (in the order of GHz) of sub-pulses in the train, the front and rear edge pulses of the time domain envelope can suffer larger energy loss in the modulation process, and the morphology is difficult to accurately control.
In order to solve the problems, the application provides a laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation device and a method.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus includes a laser source 101, a control module 102, a gain compensation loop module 103, and a fiber coupler 104. The laser source 101 is connected with an input end of the optical fiber coupler 104, both the input end and the output end of the optical fiber coupler 104 are connected with the gain compensation circulation module 103, and the control module 102 is connected with the laser source 101 and the gain compensation circulation module 103.
In some embodiments of the present application, a laser source 101 is used to generate an initial laser pulse train to be modulated. The laser source 101 may be a semiconductor laser with optical fiber coupling output, or a solid laser or an all-fiber laser, and the output light pulse is in a pulse train mode, i.e. a pulse sequence with a certain envelope morphology in the time domain and an adjustable number of pulses inside the envelope. The repetition frequency of the time domain envelope can be in the order of kHz to MHz, the time width is in the order of ns to ms, the repetition frequency of the sub-pulses in the envelope can be in the order of MHz to GHz, the pulse width is in the order of ps to fs, and the energy of each sub-pulse in the envelope is equal.
As an example, the laser source 101 may be a 1064nm picosecond pulse train laser source, a single mode fiber coupled out, with a fiber core diameter of 6 μm and an average output power of up to 200mW. Generated burst envelope time width t B Adjustable in the range of 5ns-1 mu s, repetition frequency f of envelope B Adjustable within the range of 100kHz-1 MHz; repetition frequency f of sub-pulses within envelope p The frequency of the pulse is adjustable from 1MHz to 1GHz, the number N of the sub-pulses can be adjusted, and the adjusting range is 5 to 1000.
In some embodiments of the present application, the control module 102 is configured to send out a radio frequency signal for controlling the working state of the gain compensation loop module 103, and send the radio frequency signal to the gain compensation loop module 103; wherein the radio frequency signal is time domain matched to the envelope signal of the initial laser pulse train. The control module 102 receives the initial laser pulse train sent by the laser source 101 and sends out a radio frequency signal that matches the envelope signal time domain of the initial laser pulse train to control the working state of the gain compensation circulation module 103.
As an example, the control module 102 may include a photodetector and a radio frequency signal generator, wherein the photodetector is configured to generate an initial laser pulse train from the laser source 101, convert the initial laser pulse train into an electrical signal, and transmit the electrical signal as a clock signal to the radio frequency signal generator; the rf signal generator emits an rf signal for controlling the operation state of the gain compensation loop module 103 according to the clock signal. As shown in fig. 2, the rf signal may be a high-low level signal, where the gain compensation loop module 103 is turned on, and where the gain compensation loop module 103 is turned off, and where the high-low level signal is matched with the envelope signal of the initial laser pulse train in the time domain, that is, the start time of each envelope signal of the rf signal is consistent with the start time of the envelope signal of the initial laser pulse train, and the time width of each envelope signal of the rf signal is consistent with the time width of the envelope signal of the initial laser pulse train.
That is, after the time domain morphology modulation of the single laser pulse train in the laser source 101 is finished, the control module 102 may control the gain compensation circulation module 103 to be turned off, and when the next pulse train is sent out, the control module 102 controls the gain compensation circulation module 103 to be turned on and off again, so as to avoid that after the single pulse train is finished and when the next pulse train is not sent out, the laser pulse in the gain compensation circulation module 103 is output to the coupler, and interference is caused to the output modulated pulse train.
In some embodiments of the present application, the gain compensation circulation module 103 is configured to boost energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train, and make the sub-pulse after boosting energy coincide with a corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train in a time domain; the first laser pulse train is the pulse train which is transmitted to the gain compensation circulation module 103 by the optical fiber coupler 104; the optical fiber coupler 104 is configured to couple each of the superimposed sub-pulses according to a preset coupling ratio, and output a first laser pulse train and a modulated second laser pulse train; the sub-pulse after superposition is obtained by superposing the sub-pulse output by the gain compensation circulation module 103 and the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train.
As a possible implementation, the fiber coupler 104 is of type 2 x 2, i.e. two inputs and two outputs, a first input, a second input, a first output and a second output, respectively. The first input end is connected with the laser source 101, the second input end is connected with the output end of the gain compensation circulation module 103, the first output end is used for outputting a second laser pulse string, and the second output end is connected with the input end of the gain compensation circulation module 103.
That is, the sub-pulse after the energy boost by the gain compensation circulation module 103 and the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train may be completely overlapped in the time domain, so that the two sub-pulses may be directly overlapped, and the overlapped sub-pulse is divided into two paths through the optical fiber coupler 104, one path is directly output as the modulated sub-pulse, and the other path enters the gain compensation circulation module 103 again for energy boost to modulate the subsequent sub-pulse.
In some embodiments of the present application, the gain compensation circulation module 103 boosts the energy of the corresponding sub-pulse by a preset gain, and meanwhile, the gain compensation circulation module 103 may provide a certain optical length, generate a time delay, so that the sub-pulse after the power boost can coincide with the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train in time domain. As an embodiment, the time delay of the gain compensation loop module 103 may be set such that the current sub-pulse after the boost energy coincides with the next sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train in the time domain.
As an example, if the initial laser pulse train includes 4 sub-pulses, namely, sub-pulse 1, sub-pulse 2, sub-pulse 3, and sub-pulse 4, the preset coupling ratio of the optical fiber coupler 104 is 50:50, after the sub-pulse 1 enters the optical fiber coupler 104, the optical fiber coupler 104 divides the sub-pulse 1 into two paths because the gain compensation circulation module 103 does not output the sub-pulses at this time, one path directly outputs the sub-pulse, the other path enters the gain compensation circulation module 103 to perform energy boost, the sub-pulse 1 'after the boost energy can completely coincide with the sub-pulse 2 in the initial laser pulse train in the time domain, in this way, the sub-pulse 1' and the sub-pulse 2 are subjected to pulse superposition when entering the optical fiber coupler 104, and are divided into two paths, one path is used as the pulse after the atomic pulse 2 is modulated, the other path continues to enter the gain compensation circulation module 103 to perform energy boost, so as to continuously modulate the sub-pulse 3 in the initial laser pulse train, until the gain compensation circulation module 103 is turned off after the sub-pulse 4 modulation is finished, until the laser source 101 emits the next pulse 101, the sub-pulse 2 is completely overlaps with the sub-pulse 2, and the sub-pulse 2 is modulated again, and the pattern is modulated, as shown in the second oblique laser pulse train is obtained.
According to the laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation device provided by the embodiment of the application, the energy of each sub-pulse in the pulse train output by the optical fiber coupler is improved through the gain compensation circulation module, the sub-pulse after the energy improvement is overlapped with the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train sent by the laser source in the time domain, the overlapped sub-pulse is divided into two paths by the optical fiber coupler according to the preset coupling ratio, one path of input is continuously input to the gain compensation circulation module, and the other path of input is directly output as the modulated pulse train. According to the scheme, the gain compensation of the gain compensation circulation module and the superposition of the pulse time domains can be utilized to regulate and control the energy of each sub-pulse in the envelope one by one, so that the morphology modulation of the laser pulse train time domain is realized, and the energy loss in the modulation process is greatly reduced.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of another apparatus for modulating the time domain morphology of a laser pulse train according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, the apparatus includes a laser source 310, a control module 320, a gain compensation loop module 330, and a fiber coupler 340.
In some embodiments of the present application, the gain compensation loop module 330 includes a fiber amplifier 331, an optical transmission delay structure 332, and an optical modulation switch 333. The optical fiber amplifier 331 is configured to boost energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train; the input end of the optical fiber amplifier 331 is connected with the output end of the optical fiber coupler; an optical transmission delay structure 332, configured to extend the overall optical length of the gain compensation circulation module, so as to implement delay of optical transmission time, and make the sub-pulse after the energy is lifted coincide with the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse in time domain; the input end of the optical transmission delay structure 332 is connected with the output end of the optical fiber amplifier 331; an optical modulation switch 333 for controlling the switching state of the output terminal based on the radio frequency signal; an input of the optical modulation switch 333 is connected to an output of the optical transmission delay structure 332, and an output of the optical modulation switch 333 is connected to an input of the optical fiber coupler 340.
As one possible implementation, the fiber amplifier 331 includes a pump/signal combiner, a pump light source, and a gain fiber. The pump/signal combiner is used for coupling pump light and pulse train signal light into the gain fiber; the pump light source generates photons with specific energy to provide excitation for the gain fiber; the gain fiber is used for realizing the inversion of the particle number and improving the energy of the sub-pulse. The gain fiber can be single/double-clad fiber doped with Yb, er, ho or Tm, the fiber core diameter is 6-20 μm, and the specific gain fiber doping ion type, fiber core diameter, fiber length and the like need to be correspondingly matched with the wavelength and pulse energy of the initial laser pulse train output by the laser source 310.
The pumping light source may be a semiconductor laser with optical fiber coupling output, the output mode is continuous wave or pulse, the output wavelength is 915 nm-1550 nm, the pumping mode may be forward, reverse or bidirectional pumping, the specific pumping light parameter and pumping mode are to be matched with the initial laser pulse string output by the laser source 310 and the gain optical fiber parameter, and in the case of pulse pumping, the time width and the repetition frequency of the pumping pulse are to be matched with the corresponding parameters of the envelope of the initial laser pulse string.
As one possible implementation, the optical transmission delay structure 332 includes a passive matching fiber and a tunable optical delay line. The passive matching fiber is used to complement the optical length required for the optical transmission time delay of the gain compensation loop module 330, and the adjustable optical delay line is used to precisely adjust the optical length of the gain compensation loop module 330. The passive matching optical fiber can be a single/double-clad optical fiber, the diameter of the fiber core is 6-20 mu m, and specific parameters such as the diameter, the length and the like of the fiber core need to correspondingly match the length requirement of the gain compensation circulation system aiming at the wavelength and the pulse energy of an initial laser pulse train, the gain optical fiber parameter and the pulse train morphology modulation.
As an example, the tunable optical delay line may be a fiber coupled output device based on a spatial interferometer structure, and the optical path difference of the interferometer is precisely controlled by a micrometer or a motor, so as to adjust the optical transmission delay.
As another example, the adjustable optical delay line may also be a piezoelectric ceramic wrapped around a passive optical fiber, with the stretching of the piezoelectric ceramic controlled by a voltage to control the change in length of the wrapped passive optical fiber, thereby adjusting the optical transmission delay. It should be noted that the adjustment accuracy of the adjustable optical delay line is at least on the order of ps.
The optical modulation switch 333 may be an optical modulation device or an acousto-optic modulation device, the rising/falling time of the optical modulation switch 333 is not more than 15ns, and the on-off extinction ratio is more than 50dB, so as to realize quick and effective on-off.
In some embodiments of the present application, the control module 320 includes a photodetector 321 and a radio frequency signal generator 322. The photodetector 321 is configured to convert the received initial laser pulse train signal into an electrical signal, and transmit the electrical signal to the rf signal generator; the input end of the photoelectric detector 321 is connected with the laser source 310, and the output end of the photoelectric detector 321 is connected with the input end of the radio frequency signal generator 322; the rf signal generator 322 is configured to emit an rf signal based on the electrical signal and send the rf signal to the optical modulation switch 333.
As an example, the optical modulation switch 333 may be an acousto-optic modulation device with an operating frequency of 200MHz, a rise/fall time of 10ns, and an on-off extinction ratio of greater than 50dB. The operating state of the acousto-optic modulation device is changed based on the radio frequency signal output by the radio frequency signal generator 322 in the control module 320. The characteristics of the rf signal output by the rf signal generator 322 include: (1) Setting f for matching with the working frequency of the acousto-optic modulation device in the video pulse sequence with the repetition frequency of f1 1 =200 MHz; (2) signal amplitude is 3.5V-5V, rise time is 10ns; (3) Realizing the output of m pulse sequences with the repetition frequency f1 to form a pulse sequence with the repetition frequency f 2 And f 2 Consistent with the envelope repetition frequency of the initial laser pulse train, the total time width T of the m video pulse signals is consistent with the envelope time width of the initial laser pulse train, wherein f 2 =1 mhz, t=40 ns. The generated video signal is input to the optical modulation switch as a synchronous signal and is used as a driving signal to control the optical modulation switch, so as to control the working state of the gain compensation circulation system.
Next, the working principle of the laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation device in the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail by way of example. As shown in fig. 4, the modulation process of a single initial laser pulse train is taken as an example, the initial laser pulse train comprises 4 sub-pulses, namely sub-pulse a, sub-pulse b, sub-pulse c and sub-pulse d from front to back, the repetition frequency of the sub-pulses in the train is 100MHz, the time interval delta t between two adjacent sub-pulses is=10ns, and the energy of the single sub-pulse is E 0 Burst time width t B =40ns, burst repetition frequency f B =1 MHz. The coupling ratio of the fiber coupler 340 is 50:50. The sub-pulse a enters the optical fiber coupler 340 from the first input end, and if the coupling loss is not ignored, the optical fiber coupler 340 divides the sub-pulse a into two paths with the capacity of E 0 And/2, wherein one of the sub-pulses a' is directly output from the first output terminal, and the other is input to the gain compensation circulation module 330 from the second output terminal, and the amplification factor of the gain compensation circulation module 330 is set to be alpha (alpha>1) The energy of the amplified sub-pulse a' becomes alpha E 0 /2。
By designing the optical transmission delay structure 332 such that the transmission time Δt=Δt=10ns of the entire gain compensation loop module 330, the optical length of the corresponding gain compensation loop module 330 is Δl=c·Δt/n=2m. The sub-pulse a' after one gain compensation cycle thus enters the fiber coupler 340 through the second output end and is exactly the same as the incident initial laser pulseThe second sub-pulse b in the string is overlapped in time domain, the two sub-pulses are overlapped to form a new sub-pulse, and after the sub-pulses are split by a coupler, the energy of the two output sub-pulses b' is (E) 0 +αE 0 And/2)/2, and the cycle process ends.
And one of the sub-pulses b 'after beam splitting enters the gain circulation module 330 again to perform a second circulation process, and the amplified sub-pulse b' energy is (1+alpha/2) alpha E 0 And/2, which is time-domain superimposed with the third sub-pulse c in the initial laser pulse train and which is split by the fiber coupler 340 to output sub-pulse c' having an energy of [1+ (1+α/2) α/2]E 0 /2。
Similarly, after the third cycle, the optical fiber coupler 340 splits the output sub-pulse d' to have an energy of {1+ [1+ (1+α/2) α/2 ]]α/2}E 0 And 2, increasing the energy of each sub pulse in the second laser pulse train which is finally output from front to back, namely modulating the time domain morphology of the pulse train into an upper diagonal shape. After the time domain morphology of the single laser pulse train is modulated, the optical modulation switch 333 is turned off immediately, and the cycling process is terminated. When the next pulse train of the laser source 310 is emitted, the optical modulation switch is turned on again and the cycle is restarted.
In other embodiments of the present application, the gain compensation loop module further comprises a fiber optic isolator.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of another apparatus for modulating the time domain morphology of a laser pulse train according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 5, based on the above embodiment, the gain compensation loop module 330 in the apparatus further includes a fiber isolator 501. The second output end of the optical fiber coupler 340 is connected to the input end of the optical fiber isolator 501, and the output end of the optical fiber isolator 501 is connected to the input end of the optical fiber amplifier 331. The fiber isolator 501 is used to unidirectionally transmit the first laser pulse train in the gain compensation circulation module 330 to avoid the reverse transmitted light from damaging the laser source, while ensuring the order and stability of pulse cycle superposition. The functions and connection manners of other components in the device are consistent with the above embodiments, and are not repeated here.
According to the laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation device provided by the embodiment of the application, the gain compensation circulation module comprises the optical fiber amplifier, the optical transmission delay structure and the optical modulation switch, so that the energy of the sub-pulse entering the gain compensation circulation module is improved, and meanwhile, the output sub-pulse can be overlapped with the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train in the time domain through the optical transmission delay structure, so that the morphology modulation of the initial laser sub-pulse is realized, and meanwhile, the energy loss can be avoided. In addition, the optical fiber isolator in the gain compensation circulation module can ensure unidirectional transmission of pulses and avoid damage to the laser source caused by light transmitted in reverse direction.
In some embodiments of the present application, the radio frequency signal emitted by the control module of the laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation apparatus matches the target morphology. Wherein the target topography is a desired modulated topography. That is, the radio frequency signal sent by the control module may be a square wave signal to control the working state of the gain compensation circulation module, or may be another analog modulation signal to control the opening condition of the optical modulation switch. For example, the correspondence between various morphologies and the waveform of the radio frequency signal may be preset. As shown in fig. 6, the shape of the upper oblique line, the lower oblique line, the M shape, the roof shape, etc. can be included. In practical application, the waveform of the radio frequency signal generator can be adjusted through an editable logic device based on practical requirements so as to realize the modulation of the target morphology, thereby achieving the purpose that the pulse train comprises the editable morphology.
In order to realize the embodiment, the application also provides a laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation method.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a method for modulating a time domain morphology of a laser pulse train according to an embodiment of the present application. It should be noted that, the method is applied to the laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation device in the above embodiment. As shown in fig. 7, the method may include the steps of:
step 701, generating an initial laser pulse train based on a laser source.
Step 702, based on the control module, sending out a radio frequency signal for controlling the working state of the gain compensation circulation module, and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the gain compensation circulation module; wherein the radio frequency signal is time domain matched to the envelope signal of the initial laser pulse train.
Step 703, based on the gain compensation cycle module, lifting energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train, and overlapping the sub-pulse with the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train in time domain after lifting energy; the first laser pulse train is a pulse train which is transmitted to the gain compensation circulation module by the optical fiber coupler.
Step 704, coupling each superimposed sub-pulse according to a preset coupling ratio based on an optical fiber coupler, and outputting a first laser pulse train and a modulated second laser pulse train; the superimposed sub-pulse is obtained by superimposing the sub-pulse output by the gain compensation circulation module and the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train.
In some embodiments of the application, the video signal emitted by the control module corresponds to a target topography.
It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the embodiment of the laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation apparatus is also applicable to the embodiment of the laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation method, and will not be repeated herein.
According to the time domain morphology modulation method of the laser pulse string, the energy of each sub-pulse in the pulse string output by the optical fiber coupler is improved through the gain compensation circulation module, the sub-pulse after the energy improvement is overlapped with the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse string sent by the laser source in the time domain, the overlapped sub-pulse is divided into two paths by the optical fiber coupler according to the preset coupling ratio, one path of the sub-pulse is input to the gain compensation circulation module, and the other path of the sub-pulse is directly output as the modulated pulse string. According to the scheme, gain compensation of the gain compensation circulation module and superposition of pulse time domains can be utilized, energy of each sub-pulse in the envelope is regulated and controlled one by one, so that morphology modulation of the laser pulse train time domain is realized, and energy loss in a modulation process can be reduced.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and additional implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present application in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order from that shown or discussed, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the embodiments of the present application.
Logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., a ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, as the program may be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It is to be understood that portions of the present application may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. As with the other embodiments, if implemented in hardware, may be implemented using any one or combination of the following techniques, as is well known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals, application specific integrated circuits having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable Gate Arrays (PGAs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and the like.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or a portion of the steps carried out in the method of the above-described embodiments may be implemented by a program to instruct related hardware, where the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and where the program, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated in one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one module. The integrated modules may be implemented in hardware or in software functional modules. The integrated modules may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product. The above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or the like.
While embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the application, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. The laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation device is characterized by comprising a laser source, a control module, a gain compensation circulation module and an optical fiber coupler; wherein:
the laser source is used for generating an initial laser pulse train to be modulated;
the control module is used for sending out a radio frequency signal for controlling the working state of the gain compensation circulation module and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the gain compensation circulation module; wherein the radio frequency signal is matched with the envelope signal time domain of the initial laser pulse train;
the gain compensation circulation module is used for improving the energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train and enabling the sub-pulse after the energy improvement to coincide with the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train in the time domain; the first laser pulse train is a pulse train which is transmitted to the gain compensation circulation module by the optical fiber coupler;
the optical fiber coupler is used for coupling each superimposed sub-pulse according to a preset coupling ratio and outputting the first laser pulse train and the modulated second laser pulse train; the superimposed sub-pulse is obtained by superimposing the sub-pulse output by the gain compensation circulation module and the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fiber optic coupler comprises a first input, a second input, a first output, and a second output; the first input end is connected with the laser source, the second input end is connected with the output end of the gain compensation circulation module, the first output end is used for outputting the second laser pulse string, and the second output end is connected with the input end of the gain compensation circulation module.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the gain compensation cycling module comprises a fiber amplifier, an optical transmission delay structure, and an optical modulation switch; wherein:
the optical fiber amplifier is used for improving the energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train; the input end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected with the output end of the optical fiber coupler;
the optical transmission delay structure is used for prolonging the whole optical length of the gain compensation circulation module so as to realize the delay of optical transmission time, and the sub-pulse after the energy rise is overlapped with the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse in the time domain; the input end of the optical transmission delay structure is connected with the output end of the optical fiber amplifier;
the optical modulation switch is used for controlling the switch state of the output end based on the radio frequency signal; the input end of the optical modulation switch is connected with the output end of the optical transmission delay structure, and the output end of the optical modulation switch is connected with the input end of the optical fiber coupler.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the gain compensation loop module further comprises:
an optical fiber isolator for unidirectionally transmitting the first laser pulse train in the gain compensation cycle module; the input end of the optical fiber isolator is connected with the output end of the optical fiber coupler, and the output end of the optical fiber isolator is connected with the input end of the optical fiber amplifier.
5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the optical transmission delay structure comprises a passive matching fiber and a tunable optical delay line; wherein:
the passive matching optical fiber is used for compensating the optical length required by the optical transmission time delay of the gain compensation circulation module;
the adjustable optical delay line is used for accurately adjusting the optical length of the gain compensation circulation module.
6. A device according to claim 3, wherein the optical modulation switch is an optical modulation device or an acousto-optic modulation device.
7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the control module comprises a photodetector and a radio frequency signal generator, wherein:
the photoelectric detector is used for converting the received initial laser pulse train signal into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the radio frequency signal generator; the input end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the laser source, and the output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the input end of the radio frequency signal generator;
the radio frequency signal generator is used for emitting the radio frequency signal based on the electric signal and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the optical modulation switch.
8. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the radio frequency signal from the control module matches a target profile.
9. A method of modulating the temporal profile of a laser pulse train, applied to a device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
generating an initial laser pulse train based on the laser source;
based on the control module, a radio frequency signal for controlling the working state of the gain compensation circulation module is sent out and is transmitted to the gain compensation circulation module; wherein the radio frequency signal is matched with the envelope signal time domain of the initial laser pulse train;
based on the gain compensation circulation module, the energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train is improved, and the sub-pulse after the energy improvement is overlapped with the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train in the time domain; the first laser pulse train is a pulse train which is transmitted to the gain compensation circulation module by the optical fiber coupler;
coupling each superimposed sub-pulse according to a preset coupling ratio based on the optical fiber coupler, and outputting the first laser pulse train and the modulated second laser pulse train; the superimposed sub-pulse is obtained by superimposing the sub-pulse output by the gain compensation circulation module and the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the radio frequency signal emitted based on the control module corresponds to a target topography.
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