CN117050786A - Biomass gasification process - Google Patents
Biomass gasification process Download PDFInfo
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- CN117050786A CN117050786A CN202311227053.2A CN202311227053A CN117050786A CN 117050786 A CN117050786 A CN 117050786A CN 202311227053 A CN202311227053 A CN 202311227053A CN 117050786 A CN117050786 A CN 117050786A
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- Prior art keywords
- tar
- biomass
- gas
- ammonia water
- gasification process
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass gasification process, which comprises the following steps: s1, pressing raw materials to obtain material blocks with the diameter of 2-3cm and the length of 5-10cm, S2, feeding the materials into a biomass pure oxygen continuous gasification furnace, heating the materials, and adopting mixed gas as a gasifying agent, wherein the materials are sequentially preheated, pyrolyzed and gasified from top to bottom to obtain crude fuel gas and plant ash; s3, cooling, separating and dedusting the crude gas to obtain pure gas and mixed liquid; s4, the mixed solution passes through an ammonia water tar separator to obtain ammonia water and tar; s5, packaging part of the tar through a wax box, and sending the packaged tar into the gasification furnace for combustion and heat supply after freezing to obtain hot wax; s6, after cooling the hot wax, pressing the hot wax by a pressing machine to obtain a wax box; s7, carrying out reduction reaction on carbon dioxide and carbon to obtain carbon monoxide, introducing the carbon monoxide into a dust remover, increasing the generation amount of fuel gas, and obtaining a byproduct tar by gasifying one ton of biomass fuel to obtain biomass fuel gas of not less than 350 cubic meters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gasification processes, in particular to a biomass gasification process.
Background
Biomass energy is a renewable non-fossil energy, the reserves of which are inferior to coal, petroleum and natural gas, and the application potential is huge; the biomass energy is wasted seriously, the soil structure is destroyed, the production capacity is reduced, serious environmental pollution is caused, and traffic transportation and production and life safety of people are threatened, wherein the biomass energy is wasted seriously, and only one crop straw is very abundant, the total amount of the resources is more than 7 hundred million tons; therefore, the development and utilization of biomass energy have extremely important significance.
The existing biomass gasification process can maximally realize the efficient clean application of biomass energy through the thermochemical process of converting biomass into fuel gas at high temperature, and has the following problems that the development and the utilization of the biomass energy are restricted in terms of the existing biomass gasification process: air or pure water vapor is used as a gasifying agent, a large amount of nitrogen exists in generated fuel gas, the quality of the fuel gas is reduced, no carbon dioxide treatment exists in the gasifier, carbon dioxide is inversely proportional to the production of hydrogen, although the two can react to produce carbon monoxide, only a small part of the carbon monoxide can react, so that the fuel gas is low in generation amount, the raw materials are sheared or crushed, and the gasification efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a biomass gasification process, which is characterized in that raw materials are pressed into high-density raw material blocks, the gasification efficiency is increased, the temperature in a furnace is effectively controlled by adopting mixed gas as a gasifying agent, a plurality of reaction layers are separated in the furnace, the impurity of the gas is removed, ammonia water used in the process is recycled, and separated byproducts can be used in the fields of power generation or synthetic fuel or other substituted fossil energy.
The invention also provides a biomass gasification process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pressing raw materials to obtain material blocks with diameters of 2-3cm and lengths of 5-10cm, and storing in a storage bin;
s2, feeding the materials into a biomass pure oxygen continuous gasification furnace, heating the materials, and adopting mixed gas generated by mixing and decompressing steam, superheated steam and air-separated oxygen generated in the production process as a gasifying agent, wherein the materials are sequentially preheated, pyrolyzed and gasified from top to bottom to obtain crude fuel gas and plant ash;
s3, cooling, separating and dedusting the crude gas to obtain pure gas and mixed liquid;
s4, the mixed solution passes through an ammonia water tar separator to obtain ammonia water and tar;
s5, packaging part of the tar through a wax box, and sending the packaged tar into the gasification furnace for combustion and heat supply after freezing to obtain hot wax;
s6, after cooling the hot wax, pressing the hot wax by a pressing machine to obtain a wax box;
s7, carbon dioxide generated in the biomass pure oxygen continuous gasification furnace is absorbed and subjected to reduction reaction with carbon to obtain carbon monoxide, and the carbon monoxide is introduced into a dust remover.
According to the biomass gasification process provided by the invention, the step S1 raw materials comprise: one or more of wheat straw, corn straw, cotton straw, branches, bark, sawdust and other agricultural and forestry organisms.
According to the biomass gasification process provided by the invention, the step S1 is prepressing to block the raw materials.
According to the biomass gasification process provided by the invention, the pre-pressed raw materials are automatically and quantitatively added into the storage bin in the step S1.
According to the biomass gasification process provided by the invention, the mixed gas is introduced from the bottom of the biomass pure oxygen continuous gasification furnace, and the temperature of the mixed gas is 200 ℃.
According to the biomass gasification process provided by the invention, the temperature in the biomass pure oxygen continuous gasification furnace in the step S2 is gradually decreased from bottom to top, the temperature of the lowest layer is 1200 ℃, and the temperature of the uppermost layer is 300 ℃.
According to the biomass gasification process provided by the invention, in the step S3, crude gas is sprayed and washed by hot ammonia water through an ammonia water scrubber of a horizontal pipeline in the middle section of a gas collecting pipe, most of tar in the crude gas is cooled into a liquid state by the ammonia water, and the temperature of the pure gas is reduced to 70-80 ℃.
According to the biomass gasification process provided by the invention, the mixed solution in the step S4 automatically flows into the ammonia water tar separator, tar and ammonia water are separated, the tar is conveyed to the storage tank through the closed pipeline, and the ammonia water after tar separation is pumped into the gas collecting tube through the ammonia water pump.
According to the biomass gasification process provided by the invention, the specific temperature of freezing in the step S5 is 0-minus 10 ℃.
Advantageous effects
1. Compared with the prior art, the biomass gasification process adopts the mixed gas and the water vapor as gasifying agents, and the temperature in the furnace is controlled to separate the furnace into a drying layer, a carbonization layer, a reduction layer, an oxidation layer and a slag layer, the production of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is inversely proportional, the production amount of the carbon dioxide is 3-10 times of the production amount of the hydrogen, although part of the hydrogen and the carbon dioxide are combined to generate carbon monoxide, more carbon dioxide is also used for absorbing and reducing the carbon dioxide to generate carbon monoxide, the production amount of fuel gas is increased, and the biomass fuel gas obtained after gasification of one ton of biomass fuel is not less than 350 cubic.
2. Compared with the prior art, the biomass gasification process has the advantages that impurities are removed and the temperature of the generated crude gas is reduced, the temperature of the gas is reduced, ammonia water is recycled, and the byproduct tar is obtained and can be used for selling or adding fuel to a gasification furnace, so that the byproduct generation is reduced, and the input of the fuel is reduced.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples;
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a biomass gasification process according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings are used to supplement the description of the written description so that one can intuitively and intuitively understand each technical feature and overall technical scheme of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention is a biomass gasification process, which includes the steps of:
s1, pressing raw materials to obtain material blocks with diameters of 2-3cm and lengths of 5-10cm, and storing the material blocks in a storage bin, wherein the specific operation is as follows: the raw materials are sent to a pressing machine through a conveyor belt, the raw materials are pressed into material blocks with the diameter of 2-3cm and the length of 5-10cm and stored in a storage bin, the storage bin automatically and quantitatively adds the pre-pressed raw materials into a gasification furnace at fixed time, and the step S1 of raw materials comprises the following steps: one or more of wheat straw, corn straw, cotton straw, branches, bark, sawdust and other agricultural and forestry organisms.
S2, feeding the materials into a biomass pure oxygen continuous gasification furnace, heating the materials, and adopting mixed gas generated by mixing and decompressing steam, superheated steam and air-separated oxygen generated in the production process as a gasifying agent, wherein the materials are sequentially preheated, pyrolyzed and gasified from top to bottom to obtain crude fuel gas and plant ash, and the specific operation is as follows: the steam enters a steam buffer tank and is mixed with superheated steam (the temperature after mixing is about 240 ℃ and the pressure is 0.2 MPa), then the mixture is mixed with oxygen (the temperature is 40 ℃ and the pressure is 0.12 MPa) from an air separation device, the mixture enters a gas mixing tank after metering and proportion adjustment, the pressure is reduced, the mixture is taken as a gasifying agent, the temperature of the mixture is controlled to be 200 ℃ and enters from the bottom of a biomass gasification furnace, the drying layer, the carbonization layer, the reduction layer, the oxidation layer and the ash residue layer are controlled in the furnace according to the reaction stage and the temperature, the gasifying agent and biomass straw rods are subjected to oxidation, reduction reaction and biomass thermal cracking, and biomass fuel gas is continuously produced, so that plant ash and crude fuel gas are finally obtained.
S3, cooling, separating and dedusting the crude gas to obtain pure gas and mixed liquid, wherein in the step S3, the crude gas is sprayed and washed by hot ammonia water through an ammonia water scrubber of a horizontal pipeline in the middle section of a gas collecting pipe, most of tar in the crude gas is cooled into a liquid state by the ammonia water, and the temperature of the pure gas is reduced to 70-80 ℃, and the method comprises the following specific operations: the discharged biomass fuel gas (the temperature is about 280-360 ℃) is subjected to dust removal through a high-efficiency cyclone dust collector and then enters a gas collecting tube, the gas collecting tube is sprayed and washed by hot ammonia through a horizontal pipeline ammonia water scrubber in the middle section of the gas collecting tube, most of biomass tar in the biomass fuel gas is cooled into a liquid state by ammonia water, and meanwhile, the temperature of the biomass fuel gas is reduced to 70-80 ℃. After the biomass gas discharged from the horizontal pipeline scrubber passes through a gas-liquid separator of the first equipment of the cooling electric catching section, the gas phase is sent to the cooling electric catching section and is further cooled to 30 ℃ indirectly through a primary cooler.
S4, the mixed solution passes through an ammonia water tar separator to obtain ammonia water and tar, the mixed solution in the step S4 automatically flows into the ammonia water tar separator, the tar and the ammonia water are separated, the tar is conveyed to a storage tank through a closed pipeline, and the ammonia water after the tar separation is pumped into a gas collecting tube through an ammonia water pump, and the concrete operation is as follows: the liquid biomass tar and ammonia water mixture flows into an ammonia water tar separator, tar and ammonia water are separated, the tar is conveyed to a storage tank through a closed pipeline, and the ammonia water after tar separation is pumped into a horizontal pipeline ammonia water scrubber through an ammonia water pump for continuous recycling.
S5, packaging part of tar through a wax box, and sending the packaged tar into a gasification furnace for combustion and heat supply after freezing to obtain hot wax, wherein the specific freezing temperature in the step S5 is 0-minus 10 ℃, and the specific operation is as follows: the generated tar is put into a wax box, frozen for 30 minutes and then sent into a gasification furnace for combustion and heat supply;
s6, after cooling the hot wax, pressing the hot wax by a pressing machine to obtain a wax box, wherein the specific operation is as follows: and collecting the melted hot wax in the gasification furnace, placing and cooling after the collection, and when the temperature is cooled to 60 ℃, preventing the pressing machine from being under the pressing machine, wherein the pressing machine needs to press for 10 minutes through the cooperation of a die and the pressing machine, and obtaining the wax box after shaping.
S7, carbon dioxide generated in the biomass pure oxygen continuous gasification furnace is absorbed and subjected to reduction reaction with carbon to obtain carbon monoxide, and the carbon monoxide is introduced into a dust remover, wherein the specific operation is as follows: carbon dioxide is absorbed by clarified quicklime and is introduced into a tankIn the body, carbon is placed in the box body,and (3) reacting at high temperature, and after the reaction is finished, introducing carbon monoxide into a dust remover through a pump.
Comparative example
The existing biomass fuel gas production steps are as follows:
raw material-crushing-granulating-gasifying-tar removing-biomass fuel gas-impurity removing.
The test data for the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table one:
table one test results
The data are all tested for twenty times, and the average value is adopted, so that the input amount is 1 ton.
In conclusion, the biomass gasification method effectively improves the generation amount of biomass fuel gas, has lower content of carbon dioxide in the obtained gas, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A biomass gasification process, comprising the steps of:
s1, pressing raw materials to obtain material blocks with diameters of 2-3cm and lengths of 5-10cm, and storing in a storage bin;
s2, feeding the materials into a biomass pure oxygen continuous gasification furnace, heating the materials, and adopting mixed gas generated by mixing and decompressing steam, superheated steam and air-separated oxygen generated in the production process as a gasifying agent, wherein the materials are sequentially preheated, pyrolyzed and gasified from top to bottom to obtain crude fuel gas and plant ash;
s3, cooling, separating and dedusting the crude gas to obtain pure gas and mixed liquid;
s4, the mixed solution passes through an ammonia water tar separator to obtain ammonia water and tar;
s5, packaging part of the tar through a wax box, and sending the packaged tar into the gasification furnace for combustion and heat supply after freezing to obtain hot wax;
s6, after cooling the hot wax, pressing the hot wax by a pressing machine to obtain a wax box;
s7, carbon dioxide generated in the biomass pure oxygen continuous gasification furnace is absorbed and subjected to reduction reaction with carbon to obtain carbon monoxide, and the carbon monoxide is introduced into a dust remover.
2. A biomass gasification process according to claim 1, wherein said step S1 feedstock comprises: one or more of wheat straw, corn straw, cotton straw, branches, bark, sawdust and other agricultural and forestry organisms.
3. A biomass gasification process according to claim 1, wherein said step S1 is prepressing to briquette a feedstock.
4. The biomass gasification process according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 is characterized in that the pre-pressed raw material is automatically and quantitatively added in a bin.
5. A biomass gasification process according to claim 1, wherein said mixed gas is introduced from the bottom of a biomass pure oxygen continuous gasification furnace, and the temperature of said mixed gas is 200 ℃.
6. The biomass gasification process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the biomass pure oxygen continuous gasification furnace in the step S2 decreases from bottom to top, the temperature of the lowest layer is 1200 ℃, and the temperature of the uppermost layer is 300 ℃.
7. The biomass gasification process according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the crude gas is sprayed and washed by hot ammonia water through an ammonia water scrubber of a horizontal pipeline in a middle section of a gas collecting pipe, most of tar in the crude gas is cooled into a liquid state by the ammonia water, and the temperature of the pure gas is reduced to 70-80 ℃.
8. The biomass gasification process according to claim 1, wherein the mixed solution in the step S4 flows into an ammonia water tar separator, tar and ammonia water are separated, the tar is conveyed to a storage tank through a closed pipeline, and the ammonia water after the tar separation is pumped into a gas collecting tube through an ammonia water pump.
9. The biomass gasification process according to claim 1, wherein the specific temperature of the freezing in said step S5 is 0 to-10 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN202311227053.2A CN117050786A (en) | 2023-09-22 | 2023-09-22 | Biomass gasification process |
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CN202311227053.2A CN117050786A (en) | 2023-09-22 | 2023-09-22 | Biomass gasification process |
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CN117050786A true CN117050786A (en) | 2023-11-14 |
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CN202311227053.2A Pending CN117050786A (en) | 2023-09-22 | 2023-09-22 | Biomass gasification process |
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CN (1) | CN117050786A (en) |
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- 2023-09-22 CN CN202311227053.2A patent/CN117050786A/en active Pending
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