CN117047662A - Water jet rough-opening-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method for blisk - Google Patents

Water jet rough-opening-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method for blisk Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117047662A
CN117047662A CN202311228867.8A CN202311228867A CN117047662A CN 117047662 A CN117047662 A CN 117047662A CN 202311228867 A CN202311228867 A CN 202311228867A CN 117047662 A CN117047662 A CN 117047662A
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China
Prior art keywords
blade
grinding
water jet
rough
array
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CN202311228867.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张亚双
张晶
马芳薇
兰影铎
单坤
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AECC Shenyang Liming Aero Engine Co Ltd
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AECC Shenyang Liming Aero Engine Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202311228867.8A priority Critical patent/CN117047662A/en
Publication of CN117047662A publication Critical patent/CN117047662A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24CABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/04Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
    • B24C1/045Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/14Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding turbine blades, propeller blades or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B31/00Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aeroengines, and discloses a water jet rough-opening-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method for a blisk, which comprises the following steps of: step 1, water jet rough machining, namely selecting water jet equipment; determining machining feed times and feed tracks, and determining water jet abrasive materials and machining parameters; after programming and simulation, rough slotting processing is implemented on water jet equipment; step 2, array grinding: then, a grinding program is compiled and simulated, and array grinding processing is implemented on a circumferential array grinding machine tool, so that blade finish machining is realized; step 3, abrasive particle flow polishing: and carrying out abrasive particle flow polishing processing through abrasive particle flow equipment, wherein the final dimensional accuracy and the surface quality meet the requirements of design drawings. The process has the advantages of good quality consistency, high efficiency and low cost. The process has wide application prospect in blisk parts such as aero-engines, gas turbines and the like.

Description

Water jet rough-opening-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method for blisk
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aeroengines, and particularly relates to a water jet rough-opening-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method for a blisk.
Background
The high-temperature blisk is a core part of a compressor of the fourth and fifth generation engines, and has important influence on thrust-weight ratio and power performance of the engines. However, the high-temperature alloy blisk has the advantages of complex structure, high material hardness, narrow channel and poor openness, and is mainly processed by adopting a milling and manual polishing process. The milling process consumes the cutter with high cost and long period; the manual polishing and repairing efficiency is low, and the quality consistency and stability are poor. The processing period of a blisk is about 15-20 days, and a large amount of manufacturing cost and production period are occupied, so that the blisk is a technical bottleneck for restricting development and production of four-generation and five-generation engines for a long time. The invention has the advantages of good consistency of processing quality, high efficiency and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a combined process method of water jet rough opening-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing, which aims to solve the problems of long processing period, high cost and poor quality consistency existing in milling and manual polishing of high-temperature blisk parts of four-generation and five-generation aeroengines. Firstly, carrying out water jet rough opening on the blisk, efficiently removing most of the allowance, and avoiding cutting stress and thermal stress; and then, performing circumferential array grinding through tools such as a grinding wheel and the like, improving the machining efficiency and quality consistency, simultaneously removing the residual machining allowance, and finally, polishing through abrasive particle flow, improving the surface roughness and meeting the design requirement.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a blisk water jet rough-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method comprises the following steps:
step 1, water jet rough machining
According to the structure and the size of the high-temperature alloy blisk and the blade, water jet equipment is selected according to the channel size between two blades, and a blisk three-dimensional design model is used as a drive;
according to the uniformity degree and the allowance size of the reserved machining allowance, adopting UG straight grain surface function to design the water jet machining feed times and feed tracks, and determining water jet abrasive and machining parameters;
after programming and simulation, rough slotting is carried out on water jet equipment, and most of the allowance is removed; after the single-sided processing of the water jet is finished, manual or automatic turning processing is needed, so that the blade body, the blade root and the runner allowance can meet the expected requirements;
step 2, array grinding
On a circumferential array grinding machine, the rough grinding and the fine grinding are carried out, and uneven allowance of 0.05-0.6 mm is removed during the rough grinding, and even machining allowance of 0.05-0.1 mm is left; during fine grinding, the rest of the grinding allowance is removed completely except for 0.05-0.08 mm of the allowance reserved for the abrasive particle flow polishing at the front edge and the rear edge;
determining the structure of the grinding wheel, the material of the abrasive particles and the mesh number; the grinding wheel structure is different according to different processing parts, the blade body is drum-shaped, and the runner and the blade root are finger-shaped; wherein the abrasive particles are mainly made of diamond or cubic boron nitride; the mesh number is one or two of 100#, 200#, 400# or 800 #;
dividing grinding tracks: performing grinding track planning for processing a single blade or processing a group of two blades;
then, a grinding program is compiled and simulated, and array grinding processing is carried out on a circumferential array grinding machine tool, so that the rigidity of parts in processing is improved, and the vibration of blades is reduced;
step 3, abrasive particle stream polishing
Clamping the blisk on an abrasive flow polishing clamp, and then mounting a front edge drainage plate and a rear edge drainage plate on an upper ring plate and a lower ring plate of the abrasive flow polishing clamp, wherein the directions of the front edge drainage plate and the rear edge drainage plate are the extending directions of the blades, and a gap of 2-4 mm is reserved between the front edge and the rear edge of each drainage plate and each blade; mounting the assembled whole on a workbench of abrasive particle flow equipment; and the abrasive particle flow polishing processing is carried out through the abrasive particle flow equipment, so that the shape is smooth and the edge is not cut after the front edge and the rear edge are polished, and the final size precision and the surface quality meet the requirements of design drawings.
The high-temperature alloy blisk structure consists of a tray body and blades, is in an open structure, and has the blade size within the range of 20 multiplied by 40mm, and the channel size between the two blades is 10-20 mm.
The uniformity degree and the allowance size of the reserved machining allowance in the step 1 are more uniform and smaller when the reserved machining allowance is smaller, and the number of times of feed is more; the longer the processing time; the more uneven and larger the reserved machining allowance is, the fewer the number of times of feeding is, and the shorter the machining time is.
The feeding track in the step 1 is from the blade tip, and sequentially passes through the blade body, the blade root, the runner and the blade root, the blade body and the blade tip of another blade.
The water jet abrasive in the step 1 is one or a combination of more of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, diamond and cubic boron nitride.
In the step 1, the water jet removes most of the allowance, and the residual machining allowance is 0.1-0.7 mm, and can be a certain fixed value or a range.
In the step 2, the circumferential array grinding machine tool is a 3-8-axis array, and the array number is determined according to the diameter of the disc body. In order to improve the processing efficiency, the diameter of the disc body is large, and the number of arrays is large; the diameter of the disk body is small, and the array number is small to avoid interference between the main shafts. The device has the functions of multi-axis synchronous motion, single-axis independent motion, free selection of array axes and adjustable array angles, and meets the processing requirements of blades without number while guaranteeing the processing precision of the blades. If the number of the blades is 87 and the number of the arrays is 4, after the 4-array synchronous processing is performed for 21 times, the number of the axes of the rest 3 blades needs to be adjusted to be 3, the angle of the array is adjusted, and the processing is completed by utilizing the 3-axis synchronous function.
Step 2, single blade machining or two blades are planned for a group of grinding tracks for machining, and specifically, rough grinding and fine grinding tracks are respectively planned;
the rough grinding is performed by selecting a track from the following plans: (1) firstly grinding the runner and the blade root, then grinding the blade body and the lower parts of the front edge and the rear edge, and finally grinding the blade body and the upper parts of the front edge and the rear edge; (2) firstly grinding the upper parts of the blade body and the front and rear edges, then grinding the lower parts of the blade body and the front and rear edges, and finally grinding the runner and the blade root; (3) two blades are taken as a group, and the blade root of the two blades is coarsely ground according to the sequence of a first blade basin-a second blade back-a first blade rear edge back and a front edge-a second blade front edge basin and a rear edge-a runner; the tracks of the blade body, the front edge, the rear edge and the blade root are spiral lines, and the track of the runner is a reciprocating track;
a trajectory is selected from the following plan at the time of refining: (1) grinding according to the sequence of blade upper part-blade lower part-blade front edge-blade rear edge-flow passage and blade root; (2) grinding according to the sequence of the lower part of the blade body, the upper part of the blade body, the front edge of the blade, the rear edge of the blade, the flow passage and the blade root; (3) taking two blades as a group, and performing fine grinding according to the sequence of a first blade basin-a second blade back-a first blade trailing edge back, a leading edge-a second blade leading edge basin, a trailing edge-a runner and two blade roots; the blade body and blade root tracks are spiral lines, the front and rear edge tracks are longitudinal reciprocating tracks, and transverse grinding textures of the front and rear edges are eliminated.
In the step 2, when the upper parts of the blades are roughly ground and finely ground, vibration reduction auxiliary supporting blocks are required to be placed between two blades at the lower parts of the blades, wherein the auxiliary supporting blocks are made of pearl cotton, are cuboid in shape, and have thickness dimensions determined according to the distance between the two blades and can play a role of auxiliary supporting.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the high-temperature alloy blisk adopts a water jet rough-opening-array grinding-abrasive particle flow polishing combined process route, and can realize the cooperative consistency of the blisk from rough processing to finish processing. The method has the advantages of high quality consistency, short processing period, low cost and the like. The combined process method is particularly suitable for parts with high material hardness, more removed materials, precise profile size requirement, low surface roughness requirement and narrow channels of the blisk.
The invention has wide market demand and application prospect in improving the surface quality of complex turbine construction such as gas turbines, marine propellers and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the blisk construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the residual quantity distribution after the water jet is coarsely opened;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the grinding wheel structure of the present invention, wherein FIG. 3a is a drum-shaped grinding wheel and FIG. 3b is a finger-shaped grinding wheel;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the grinding track according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 4a is a schematic view of the rough grinding She Shen and the leading and trailing edge tracks; FIG. 4b is a schematic view of a refining blade path; FIG. 4c is a schematic view of the track of the refining leading and trailing edges;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an abrasive flow polishing jig of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged schematic illustration;
FIG. 7 shows a machined blisk, FIG. 7a has a leading edge sized and shaped to meet design requirements, FIG. 7b has a trailing edge sized and shaped to meet design requirements, and FIG. 7c has a blisk and a blisk sized and shaped to meet design requirements.
1-leading edge drainage plate and 2-trailing edge drainage plate.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
In this example, the superalloy blisk material is identified by the designation GH4169, as shown in FIG. 1. The diameter phi of the blisk body is 470mm, and the maximum diameter phi of the blade is 530mm; the blade size is 22 multiplied by 35mm, the channel size between two blades is 10mm, the number of blades is 84, and the processing is carried out according to the following steps:
step 1, selecting five-axis water jet equipment according to the structures and the sizes of a high-temperature alloy blisk and blades and the channel size between two blades, and taking a blisk three-dimensional design model as a drive;
determining that single sides are 2 times of feeding according to the range of the reserved machining allowance of 0.2-0.4mm, wherein the feeding track starts from the blade tip, sequentially passes through the blade body, the blade root, the runner and the blade root, the blade body and the blade tip of the other blade, and the nozzle swing angle of the water jet equipment can be adaptively adjusted according to different curvatures of the blade and the runner;
silicon carbide SiC with the number of 80# is selected as a water jet abrasive; determining the water jet pressure to be 380MPa, the nozzle diameter to be 0.33mm and the water flow to be 3.7L/min; rough slotting is implemented on water jet equipment, and most of the allowance is removed; after the water jet single-sided processing is finished, manual or automatic turning processing is needed, and a processing allowance of 0.2-0.4mm is left for grinding, and a residual distribution schematic diagram after the water jet is coarsely opened is shown in fig. 2;
step 2, selecting a circumferential array grinding machine tool with the array number of 3, wherein the array grinding comprises two stages of rough grinding and fine grinding, and removing uneven allowance of 0.1-0.3 mm during rough grinding, so as to leave even machining allowance of 0.1 mm; during fine grinding, the grinding grain flow with the thickness of 0.05mm is reserved at the front edge and the rear edge, and the rest machining allowance is completely removed;
determining the structure of a grinding wheel: the grinding wheel for processing the blade body is drum-shaped, the grinding wheel for processing the runner and the blade root is finger-shaped, and the structural shape and the size of the grinding wheel are shown in figure 3;
determining the material and mesh number of abrasive particles of a grinding wheel: the grinding wheel made of 200# diamond material is used for rough grinding, and the grinding wheel made of 400# diamond material is used for fine grinding;
and (3) carrying out grinding track planning: respectively planning rough grinding and fine grinding, and independently processing each blade; during rough grinding, firstly grinding a runner and a blade root, then grinding the lower parts of a blade body, a front edge and a rear edge, and finally grinding the upper parts of the blade body, the front edge, the rear edge and the blade root, wherein the tracks of the blade body, the front edge and the blade root are spiral lines, and the runner track is a reciprocating track; during fine grinding, fine grinding is carried out according to the sequence of the upper part of the blade body, the lower part of the blade body, the front edge of the blade and the rear edge of the blade, then the flow passage and the blade root are sequentially processed, the track of the blade body and the track of the blade root are spiral lines, the track of the front edge and the track of the rear edge are longitudinal reciprocating tracks, the transverse grinding textures of the front edge and the rear edge are eliminated, and the track of the rough grinding and the track of the blade body and the track of the front edge and the rear edge are shown in figure 4;
when the upper part of the blade is roughly ground and finely ground, an auxiliary supporting block of pearl cotton is required to be placed at the lower part of the blade and between the two blades, and the size is 11 multiplied by 20 multiplied by 50mm; finishing array grinding after the 3-axis array is synchronously processed for 28 times;
step 3, clamping the blisk on an abrasive flow polishing clamp, then mounting a front edge drainage plate 1 and a rear edge drainage plate 2 on an upper ring plate and a lower ring plate of the abrasive flow polishing clamp, wherein the directions of the front edge drainage plate 1 and the rear edge drainage plate 2 are the extending directions of the blades, and a gap of 3mm is reserved between the front edge and the rear edge drainage plate and between the front edge and the rear edge of the blades; mounting the assembled whole on a workbench of abrasive particle flow equipment;
and 4, finally, carrying out abrasive flow polishing processing on abrasive flow equipment with back pressure, temperature control and bidirectional reciprocating processing functions, wherein the final size precision and the surface quality reach the requirements of a design drawing, and the detection result of the qualified blade is shown in fig. 7.
The abrasive particle flow polishing clamp comprises a clamp main body, wherein a front edge drainage plate 1 and a rear edge drainage plate 2 are respectively arranged on an upper ring plate and a lower ring plate of the clamp main body, and the front edge drainage plate 1 and the rear edge drainage plate 2 are fixed on the upper ring plate and the lower ring plate through bolts. The connection may also be by means of an interference fit or by means of welding, as shown in fig. 5 and 6.

Claims (7)

1. The blisk water jet rough-opening-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, water jet rough machining
Water jet equipment is selected according to the structure and the size of the high-temperature alloy blisk and the size of a channel between two blades;
according to the uniformity degree and the allowance size of the reserved machining allowance, adopting UG straight grain surface function to design the water jet machining feed times and feed tracks, and determining water jet abrasive and machining parameters;
programming and simulating a three-dimensional design model of the blisk, and then performing rough slotting on water jet equipment to remove most of the allowance; after the single-sided processing of the water jet is finished, manual or automatic turning processing is needed, so that the blade body, the blade root and the runner allowance can meet the expected requirements;
step 2, array grinding
On a circumferential array grinding machine, the rough grinding and the fine grinding are carried out, and uneven allowance of 0.05-0.6 mm is removed during the rough grinding, and even machining allowance of 0.05-0.1 mm is left; during fine grinding, the rest of the grinding allowance is removed completely except for 0.05-0.08 mm of the allowance reserved for the abrasive particle flow polishing at the front edge and the rear edge;
determining the structure of the grinding wheel, the material of the abrasive particles and the mesh number; the grinding wheel structure is different according to different processing parts, the blade body is drum-shaped, and the runner and the blade root are finger-shaped; wherein the abrasive particles are mainly made of diamond or cubic boron nitride; the mesh number is one or two of 100#, 200#, 400# or 800 #;
dividing grinding tracks: performing grinding track planning for processing a single blade or processing a group of two blades;
then, a grinding program is compiled and simulated, and array grinding processing is carried out on a circumferential array grinding machine tool, so that the rigidity of parts in processing is improved, and the vibration of blades is reduced; when the upper part of the blade is roughly ground and finely ground, a vibration reduction auxiliary supporting block is required to be placed between two blades at the lower part of the blade;
step 3, abrasive particle stream polishing
Clamping the blisk on an abrasive flow polishing clamp, and then mounting a front edge drainage plate and a rear edge drainage plate on an upper ring plate and a lower ring plate of the abrasive flow polishing clamp, wherein the directions of the front edge drainage plate and the rear edge drainage plate are the extending directions of the blades, and a gap of 2-4 mm is reserved between the front edge and the rear edge of each drainage plate and each blade; mounting the assembled whole on a workbench of abrasive particle flow equipment; and the abrasive particle flow polishing processing is carried out through the abrasive particle flow equipment, so that the shape is smooth and the edge is not cut after the front edge and the rear edge are polished, and the final size precision and the surface quality meet the requirements of design drawings.
2. The blisk water jet rough-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method of claim 1, wherein: the uniformity degree and the allowance size of the reserved machining allowance in the step 1 are more uniform and smaller when the reserved machining allowance is smaller, and the number of times of feed is more; the longer the processing time; the more uneven and larger the reserved machining allowance is, the fewer the number of times of feeding is, and the shorter the machining time is.
3. The blisk water jet rough-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method of claim 1, wherein: the feeding track in the step 1 is from the blade tip, and sequentially passes through the blade body, the blade root, the runner and the blade root, the blade body and the blade tip of another blade.
4. The blisk water jet rough-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method of claim 1, wherein: the water jet abrasive in the step 1 is one or a combination of more of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, diamond and cubic boron nitride.
5. The blisk water jet rough-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method of claim 1, wherein: and (3) removing most of the allowance by the water jet in the step (1), wherein the residual machining allowance is 0.1-0.7 mm.
6. The blisk water jet rough-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the circumferential array grinding machine tool is a 3-8-axis array, and the array number is determined according to the diameter of the disc body; in order to improve the processing efficiency, the diameter of the disc body is large, and the number of arrays is large; the diameter of the disk body is small, and the array number is small to avoid interference between the main shafts.
7. The blisk water jet rough-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method of claim 1, wherein: step 2, single blade machining or two blades are planned for a group of grinding tracks for machining, and specifically, rough grinding and fine grinding tracks are respectively planned;
the rough grinding is performed by selecting a track from the following plans: (1) firstly grinding the runner and the blade root, then grinding the blade body and the lower parts of the front edge and the rear edge, and finally grinding the blade body and the upper parts of the front edge and the rear edge; (2) firstly grinding the upper parts of the blade body and the front and rear edges, then grinding the lower parts of the blade body and the front and rear edges, and finally grinding the runner and the blade root; (3) two blades are taken as a group, and the blade root of the two blades is coarsely ground according to the sequence of a first blade basin-a second blade back-a first blade rear edge back and a front edge-a second blade front edge basin and a rear edge-a runner; the tracks of the blade body, the front edge, the rear edge and the blade root are spiral lines, and the track of the runner is a reciprocating track;
a trajectory is selected from the following plan at the time of refining: (1) grinding according to the sequence of blade upper part-blade lower part-blade front edge-blade rear edge-flow passage and blade root; (2) grinding according to the sequence of the lower part of the blade body, the upper part of the blade body, the front edge of the blade, the rear edge of the blade, the flow passage and the blade root; (3) taking two blades as a group, and performing fine grinding according to the sequence of a first blade basin-a second blade back-a first blade trailing edge back, a leading edge-a second blade leading edge basin, a trailing edge-a runner and two blade roots; the blade body and blade root tracks are spiral lines, the front and rear edge tracks are longitudinal reciprocating tracks, and transverse grinding textures of the front and rear edges are eliminated.
CN202311228867.8A 2023-09-22 2023-09-22 Water jet rough-opening-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method for blisk Pending CN117047662A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311228867.8A CN117047662A (en) 2023-09-22 2023-09-22 Water jet rough-opening-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method for blisk

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311228867.8A CN117047662A (en) 2023-09-22 2023-09-22 Water jet rough-opening-array grinding-abrasive particle stream polishing method for blisk

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CN117047662A true CN117047662A (en) 2023-11-14

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