CN117047050A - Casting sand box based on 3DP sand mold and metal casting method - Google Patents
Casting sand box based on 3DP sand mold and metal casting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117047050A CN117047050A CN202311297958.7A CN202311297958A CN117047050A CN 117047050 A CN117047050 A CN 117047050A CN 202311297958 A CN202311297958 A CN 202311297958A CN 117047050 A CN117047050 A CN 117047050A
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- 244000035744 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 210
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 161
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009287 sand filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C21/00—Flasks; Accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a casting sand box based on a 3DP sand mold and a metal casting method, and relates to the field of metal casting. The casting sand box comprises a sand box body and an upper box cover, wherein the upper box cover is detachably arranged at an opening of the sand box body; the upper box cover is provided with a first air inlet, a first inner runner and a first air outlet, and the first air inlet is provided with a heating air supply structure; the side plate is provided with a second air inlet, a second inner flow passage and a second air outlet, and the second air inlet and the first air outlet are correspondingly arranged so as to lead the first inner flow passage to be communicated with the second inner flow passage after the upper box cover is closed; the second air outlets on the inner walls of the side plates are arranged in a circumferential swirling manner around the sand box body and are used for injecting hot air flow into the sand box body to form hot sand fluid; the upper box cover is also provided with an exhaust port, a dry sand filtering structure is arranged at the exhaust port, and the aperture of the dry sand filtering structure is smaller than the particle size of dry sand so as to discharge redundant hot air in the sand box body; the bottom plate is provided with a sand discharge port, a valve is arranged at the sand discharge port, and the valve is detachably connected with a negative pressure pipeline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal casting, in particular to a casting sand box based on a 3DP sand mould and a metal casting method.
Background
3DP refers to a three-dimensional printing bonding molding technology, and the principle is that powder is paved layer by layer, adhesive is sprayed on each layer of powder according to the section shape, the layers are overlapped layer by layer, and finally dry powder is removed to form a three-dimensional adhesive body. The 3DP technology is being widely used in sand mold manufacturing, becoming a new direction of development of casting processes.
The invention of China with the application number of 2021102506709 and the application publication date of 2021.06.29 discloses a sand core printer, which comprises a working box, wherein a protective cover detachably connected with the working box is arranged on the working box, and one end of the protective cover is open; an air injection piece for injecting sand outwards is arranged on the side face of the protective cover, an exhaust bag for exhausting air and sand outwards is communicated with one side of the protective cover, and a collecting box is communicated with one end, far away from the protective cover, of the exhaust bag. After the sand core is manufactured on the working box, the working box is outwards moved out, the protective cover is covered above the working box, then the bottom end of the sand core is lifted to be flush with the upper end face of the working box, and the air injection piece is started, so that the sand core surface and surrounding sand grains can be discharged in the direction of the exhaust bag, the separation of the sand grains and the air injection is realized through the exhaust bag, and the sand grains are collected.
The working box in the prior art is used for accommodating sand grains to realize sand core/sand mould bonding molding, after the working box is moved out of the printer, dry sand is required to be cleaned and recovered, the sand core/sand mould is taken out for solidification treatment, and molten metal can be cast after solidification. However, the sand cleaning process and the curing process are operated separately, the time consumption of the two processes is long, and the efficiency of sand mould preparation and whole casting production is low; moreover, the external force collision possibly occurs in the process of transferring the sand mould after sand removal, the risk of damage of the sand mould is high, and the precision and reliability of the finished product in casting production are easily affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a casting sand box and a metal casting method based on a 3DP sand mould, which are used for solving the problems that the sand removal and solidification processes consume long time, the efficiency of sand mould preparation and whole casting production is low, external force collision can occur when the sand mould is transferred after sand removal, the risk of damage to the sand mould is high, and the precision and reliability of a finished product in casting production are easily influenced.
The technical scheme of the casting sand box based on the 3DP sand mould is as follows:
the casting sand box based on the 3DP sand mould comprises a sand box body and an upper box cover, wherein the upper part of the sand box body is provided with an opening, the upper box cover is detachably arranged at the opening, the sand box body comprises a bottom plate and a side plate which are fixedly connected, and the side plate is arranged on the edge of the bottom plate in a surrounding manner;
the upper box cover is provided with a first air inlet and a plurality of first inner flow passages, a heating air supply structure is integrally arranged at the first air inlet, the plurality of first inner flow passages are arranged in the upper box cover and are communicated with the first air inlet, and a plurality of first air outlets communicated with the first inner flow passages are further arranged on the lower side edge of the upper box cover;
a plurality of second inner flow passages are formed in the side plates, a plurality of second air inlets are formed in the upper edges of the side plates, the second air inlets are respectively communicated with the second inner flow passages, and the second air inlets are correspondingly arranged with the first air outlets so as to enable the first inner flow passages to be communicated with the second inner flow passages after the upper case cover is closed;
the inner wall of the side plate is also provided with a plurality of second air outlets communicated with the second inner flow passage, the second air outlets are circumferentially cyclone-arranged around the sand box body, and the second air outlets are used for injecting hot air flow into the sand box body to form hot sand fluid;
the upper box cover is also provided with an exhaust port, a dry sand filtering structure is arranged at the exhaust port, and the aperture of the dry sand filtering structure is smaller than the particle size of dry sand so as to discharge redundant hot air in the sand box body; the bottom plate is provided with a sand discharge port, a valve is arranged at the sand discharge port, and the valve is detachably connected with a negative pressure pipeline.
Further, the upper case cover is a conical case cover with a high middle part and a low periphery, the first air inlet is arranged in the middle of the upper case cover, and the plurality of first inner flow passages are arranged in a central radial mode relative to the first air inlet.
Further, the upper box cover is in a quadrangular pyramid shape and comprises four isosceles triangle plates which are spliced and combined, a quarter circular arc groove is formed in the top point of each isosceles triangle plate, and the first air inlet is surrounded by the quarter circular arc grooves of the four isosceles triangle plates;
the bottom edge of the isosceles triangle plate is provided with a sealing clamping groove, a plurality of first air outlets are distributed at intervals at the bottom of the sealing clamping groove, and the sealing clamping groove is matched with the upper edge of the side plate in a clamping way.
Further, the shape of sand box body is cuboid, the curb plate is equipped with four, four the curb plate is spliced perpendicularly and is constituted the cuboid cavity, and is a plurality of second internal runner is in the long limit direction of curb plate is interval set up, the second internal runner is followed the direction of height extension arrangement of curb plate, a plurality of second air outlet is in interval distribution in the length direction of second internal runner.
Further, an air outlet included angle is formed between the opening direction of the second air outlet and the inner wall of the side plate, the air outlet included angle is any angle between 15 degrees and 50 degrees, and the inclination angle of the opening direction of the second air outlet relative to the bottom plate is any angle between-30 degrees and +30 degrees.
Further, the air outlet included angle is any angle between 20 degrees and 30 degrees, and the inclination angle of the opening direction of the second air outlet relative to the bottom plate is any angle between-15 degrees and +15 degrees.
Further, the curb plate is the bilayer plate structure, and it includes inlayer plate and outer plywood, runner groove has been seted up on the surface of inlayer plate, outer plywood with the laminating of inlayer plate welded fastening, outer plywood with runner groove sealing connection of inlayer plate forms the interior runner of second.
Further, the bottom plate is also provided with a plurality of bottom plate openings and a third inner runner, and the plurality of bottom plate openings are distributed on the inner side of the bottom plate; the sand discharge opening is arranged on the outer side of the bottom plate, the third inner flow passage is arranged in the bottom plate, and the third inner flow passage is communicated between the plurality of bottom plate openings and the sand discharge opening.
Further, the valve is a ball valve, the ball valve is in flange connection with the sand discharge port, a valve core of the ball valve is in metal hard sealing fit with a valve seat, and a hardened anti-wear coating is arranged on the surface of the valve core of the ball valve and the surface of the valve seat.
Further, the inner wall of the bottom plate is also provided with a bottom sink, a metal heating plate is embedded in the bottom sink, the metal heating plate is in interference fit with the bottom sink, the bottom sink is flush with the inner wall of the bottom plate, and the metal heating plate is connected with a power line penetrating through the bottom plate.
Further, the heating air supply structure comprises an outer shell, an axial flow fan, an electric heating wire and a control board, wherein the outer shell is provided with an air supply interface connected with the first air inlet, the axial flow fan and the electric heating wire are both arranged in the outer shell, and the control board is respectively and electrically connected with the axial flow fan and the electric heating wire.
Further, a thermocouple is further installed in the outer shell, the thermocouple is electrically connected with the control board, and the control board is used for receiving a temperature signal sent by the thermocouple and controlling the electric heating wire to be powered off when the heating temperature exceeds the highest curing temperature.
Further, the exhaust ports are arranged at the edge position close to the upper box cover, the exhaust ports are distributed in a staggered mode with the first inner flow passage, the dry sand filtering structure comprises a stainless steel filter screen and a PP cotton filter core, the PP cotton filter core is detachably arranged on the outer side of the stainless steel filter screen, the filtering precision of the stainless steel filter screen is less than or equal to 100 mu m, and the filtering precision of the PP cotton filter core is less than or equal to 15 mu m.
The technical scheme of the metal casting method using the casting sand box based on the 3DP sand mould is as follows:
a metal casting method using a casting flask based on a 3DP sand mold, comprising the steps of:
s1, designing a CAD drawing of sand mold layering according to the shape and the size of a casting, and guiding the CAD drawing of sand mold layering into a 3DP printer;
s2, opening an upper box cover of the casting sand box, checking and cleaning impurities in the box, ensuring that a second air outlet can smoothly jet hot air flow, and enabling a valve of a sand discharge port to be normally opened and closed;
coating a hot-melt film layer on the inner surface of a side plate and the inner surface of a bottom plate of the sand box body, and leveling the hot-melt film layer by using a strickle to ensure that the hot-melt film layer is not wrinkled and protruded in the sand box body;
s3, pushing the sand box body into a 3DP printer, and spreading sand and spraying adhesive according to a design drawing until the whole sand mould preparation work is completed;
s4, taking out the sand box body filled with the sand mould and the dry sand, cleaning the dry sand remained at the upper edge of the sand box body, and sealing, buckling and locking the upper box cover and the sand box body;
s5, starting a heating air supply structure, injecting hot air flow into the sand box body through the first air inlet, the first inner flow passage of the upper box cover and the second inner flow passage of the side plate, driving dry sand to flow by the hot air flow to form hot sand fluid, transferring heat to the sand mold through the hot sand fluid to enable the hot sand fluid to be solidified, and rubbing and cleaning the surface of the sand mold through the hot sand fluid;
s6, closing the heating air supply structure, opening a valve of the sand discharge port, sucking and discharging dry sand in the sand box body through a negative pressure pipeline, wherein the sucking pressure of the negative pressure pipeline is not less than the air inlet pressure;
s7, heating molten metal to be cast, opening an upper box cover of the casting sand box, injecting the molten metal into the sand mould, and naturally cooling;
s8, taking out the sand mold and the metal casting piece from the casting sand box, and removing the sand mold to obtain the metal casting piece.
Further, in step S2, the mixture of paraffin and rosin resin is uniformly coated on the inner surface of the flask body to form a hot melt film layer, the mixture of paraffin and rosin resin is solidified at normal temperature to seal the second air outlet and the sand discharge port, and the volatilization temperature of the hot melt film layer is less than or equal to 200 ℃.
Further, in step S3, a plurality of layers of bottom sand are paved on the bottom surface of the sand box body, the total thickness of the bottom sand is not less than 15mm, and at least three layers of binders are sprayed on the region of the upper layer of bottom sand corresponding to the inner cavity of the sand mold, so that a casting protection layer is formed at the bottom of the sand mold.
The beneficial effects are that: this casting sand box based on 3DP sand mould has adopted the design form of sand box body and last case lid, goes up the removable installation of case lid in the uncovered department of sand box body, dismantles the case lid when printing the sand mould, and sand box body uses as normal working box, installs the closed case lid after the sand mould printing is accomplished, has formed the closed cavity in the inside of sand box, only can accomplish subsequent handling procedures in the casting sand box. The upper box cover is provided with a first air inlet, a first inner runner and a first air outlet, the side plates are provided with a second air inlet, a second inner runner and a second air outlet, and the first air outlet of the upper box cover is correspondingly arranged with the second air inlet of the side plates.
And the first air inlet is integrally provided with a heating air supply structure, external air enters through the first air inlet and is heated, the heating temperature of the air can be set according to the temperature required by sand mould solidification, and the hot air enters the sand box body along the first inner runner and the second inner runner. One of the functions of blowing hot air: and the second air outlet of the side plate is circumferentially cyclone arranged around the sand box body, so that the dry sand moves under the air flow blowing, and the dry sand can circumferentially cyclone around the sand mould in the sand box body, which is equivalent to forming air-sand mixed fluid at the periphery of the sand mould. The flowing dry sand is in friction contact with the surface of the sand mold, so that redundant dry sand adhered to the surface of the sand mold is eliminated, and the surface smoothness and flatness of the sand mold are improved.
The second action of hot air is: and the hot air and the hot dry sand can heat and solidify the sand mold, so that the bonding strength and the integrity of the sand mold are improved, and the heat conduction contact between the hot sand and the sand mold in a flowing state is more uniform, so that the molding effect of sand mold solidification is ensured. When blowing in hot air, the steam in the sand box body also can be discharged from the gas vent, prevents to accumulate too big gas pressure in the sand box, and dry sand filtration is isolated dry sand in the sand box body, avoids the dry sand outwards to leak and influences the extravagant problem of ambient air and sand material.
After the solidification treatment is finished, a valve of a sand discharge port is opened, dry sand in the sand box body 1 is attracted to a collecting container through a negative pressure pipeline, the dry sand heated by hot air is not easy to agglomerate, the fluidity is better, and the rapid outward sand discharge is facilitated. The casting sand box integrates the curing and sand cleaning functions, and the curing and sand cleaning steps can be rapidly completed by utilizing the heating air supply structure, so that the time of the two procedures is shortened, and the efficiency of sand mould preparation and whole casting production is improved. In addition, the solidification process is completed in the casting sand box in a sealing way, so that the operation process of transferring the sand mould is omitted, the damage risk of the sand mould is reduced, and the precision and reliability of the finished product of casting production are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a casting flask in an embodiment of a casting flask based on a 3DP sand mold of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a casting flask in an embodiment of a casting flask based on a 3DP sand mold of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic horizontal cross-sectional view of a side plate of an embodiment of a 3DP sand-based casting flask of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic vertical cross-section of a dry sand filtration structure in an embodiment of a 3DP sand-based casting flask of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-sand box body, 11-bottom plate, 110-sand discharge port, 111-bottom plate opening, 12-side plate, 120-second inner runner, 121-second air inlet, 122-second air outlet, 123-inner plate, 124-outer plate, 13-valve, 14-metal heating plate, 2-upper case cover, 20-first air inlet, 200-first inner runner, 21-isosceles triangle plate, 22-air outlet, 3-heating air supply structure, 30-outer shell, 31-axial fan, 32-heating wire, 4-dry sand filtering structure, 41-stainless steel filter screen, 42-PP cotton filter core.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the concrete embodiment 1 of the casting sand box based on the 3DP sand mould, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the casting sand box based on the 3DP sand mould comprises a sand box body 1 and an upper box cover 2, wherein an opening is formed in the upper part of the sand box body 1, the upper box cover 2 is detachably arranged at the opening, the sand box body 1 comprises a bottom plate 11 and a side plate 12 which are fixedly connected, and the side plate 12 is arranged at the edge of the bottom plate 11 in a surrounding manner; the upper case cover 2 is provided with a first air inlet 20 and a plurality of first inner flow passages 200, the first air inlet 20 is integrally provided with a heating air supply structure 3, the plurality of first inner flow passages 200 are arranged in the upper case cover 2 and are communicated with the first air inlet 20, and the lower side edge of the upper case cover 2 is also provided with a plurality of first air outlets communicated with the first inner flow passages 200.
A plurality of second inner flow passages 120 are arranged in the side plate 12, a plurality of second air inlets 121 are formed in the upper edge of the side plate 12, the plurality of second air inlets 121 are respectively communicated with the second inner flow passages 120, and the plurality of second air inlets 121 are correspondingly arranged with the plurality of first air outlets so as to lead the first inner flow passages 200 to be communicated with the second inner flow passages 120 after the upper case cover 2 is closed; the inner wall of the side plate 12 is also provided with a plurality of second air outlets 122 communicated with the second inner runner 120, the second air outlets 122 are circumferentially arranged in a swirl manner around the sand box body 1, and the second air outlets 122 are used for injecting hot air flow into the sand box body 1 to form hot sand fluid.
The upper box cover 2 is also provided with an exhaust port 22, a dry sand filtering structure 4 is arranged at the exhaust port 22, and the aperture of the dry sand filtering structure 4 is smaller than the particle size of dry sand so as to discharge redundant hot air in the sand box body 1; the bottom plate 11 is provided with a sand discharge port 110, a valve 13 is arranged at the sand discharge port 110, and the valve 13 is detachably connected with a negative pressure pipeline.
This casting sand box based on 3DP sand mould has adopted the design form of sand box body 1 and last case lid 2, and the removable installation of last case lid 2 is in the uncovered department of sand box body 1, dismantles last case lid 2 when printing the sand mould, and sand box body 1 uses as normal work box, installs closed case lid 2 after the sand mould printing is accomplished, has formed the closed cavity in the inside of sand box, only can accomplish subsequent handling procedures in the casting sand box. Wherein, the upper case cover 2 is provided with a first air inlet 20, a first inner runner 200 and a first air outlet, the side plate 12 is provided with a second air inlet 121, a second inner runner 120 and a second air outlet 122, and when the upper case cover 2 is buckled on the sand box body 1, the first inner runner 200 is connected with the second inner runner 120 in a conducting manner, so as to form an internal airflow channel between the first air inlet 20 and the second air outlet 122.
And, the first air inlet 20 is integrally provided with a heating air supply structure 3, external air enters through the first air inlet 20 and is heated, the heating temperature of the air can be set according to the temperature required by sand mould solidification, and the hot air enters the sand box body 1 along the first inner runner 200 and the second inner runner 120. One of the functions of blowing hot air: specifically, as the second air outlets 122 of the side plates 12 are circumferentially cyclone-arranged around the sand box body 1, the dry sand moves under the airflow blowing, so that the dry sand can circumferentially cyclone around the sand mold in the sand box body 1, which is equivalent to forming air-sand mixed fluid at the periphery of the sand mold. The flowing dry sand is in friction contact with the surface of the sand mold, so that redundant dry sand adhered to the surface of the sand mold is eliminated, and the surface smoothness and flatness of the sand mold are improved.
The second action of hot air is: and the hot air and the hot dry sand can heat and solidify the sand mold, so that the bonding strength and the integrity of the sand mold are improved, and the heat conduction contact between the hot sand and the sand mold in a flowing state is more uniform, so that the molding effect of sand mold solidification is ensured. When blowing in hot air, the hot air in the sand box body 1 can be discharged from the air outlet 22, so that excessive air pressure is prevented from accumulating in the sand box, and the dry sand filtering structure 4 isolates dry sand in the sand box body 1, so that the problem that the environment air and sand material are wasted due to the outward leakage of the dry sand is avoided.
After the solidification treatment is completed, the valve 13 of the sand discharge port 110 is opened, and the dry sand in the sand box body 1 is attracted to the collecting container through the negative pressure pipeline, so that the dry sand heated by hot air is not easy to agglomerate, the fluidity is better, and the rapid outward sand discharge is facilitated. The casting sand box integrates the curing and sand cleaning functions, and the curing and sand cleaning steps can be rapidly completed by utilizing the heating air supply structure 3, so that the time of the two procedures is shortened, and the efficiency of sand mould preparation and whole casting production is improved. In addition, the solidification process is completed in the casting sand box in a sealing way, so that the operation process of transferring the sand mould is omitted, the damage risk of the sand mould is reduced, and the precision and reliability of the finished product of casting production are ensured.
In this embodiment, the upper case cover 2 is a conical case cover with a high middle and low periphery, the first air inlet 20 is disposed in the middle of the upper case cover 2, and the plurality of first inner flow passages 200 are radially arranged in the center with respect to the first air inlet 20. The plurality of first inner flow passages 200 are arranged parallel to the surface of the upper case cover 2 at intervals, and the plurality of first inner flow passages 200 are collectively collected at the first air inlet 20 in the middle of the upper case cover 2, and hot air enters the plurality of first inner flow passages 200 through the first air inlet 20 in a central radiation mode, so that the hot air can uniformly and dispersedly enter the second inner flow passages 120 of the side plates 12, and the hot air blown out by the second air outlet 122 can be ensured to effectively form circumferential swirl.
Specifically, the shape of the upper case cover 2 is a quadrangular pyramid, which comprises four isosceles triangle plates 21 which are spliced and combined, wherein a quarter circular arc groove is formed at the top point of each isosceles triangle plate 21, and the quarter circular arc grooves of the four isosceles triangle plates 21 enclose a first air inlet 20; the bottom edge of the isosceles triangle plate 21 is provided with a sealing clamping groove, a plurality of first air outlets are distributed at the bottom of the sealing clamping groove at intervals, and the sealing clamping groove is matched with the upper edge of the side plate 12 in a clamping way. The four isosceles triangle plates 21 are spliced by adopting a laser welding technology, the welding forming precision is high, the seam is free from air hole slag inclusion, the sealing clamping groove of the isosceles triangle plates 21 is in sealing fit with the upper edge of the side plate 12, the sealing performance of the upper box cover 2 after being closed is improved, and the condition that dry sand leaks outwards is prevented. In addition, a bolt locking structure (not shown) may be provided between the upper cover 2 and the flask body 1 according to actual circumstances, to ensure tightness after the upper cover 2 is closed.
Correspondingly, the shape of the sand box body 1 is cuboid, four side plates 12 are vertically spliced to form a cuboid cavity, a plurality of second inner runners 120 are arranged at intervals in the long-side direction of the side plates 12, the second inner runners 120 extend along the height direction of the side plates 12, and a plurality of second air outlets 122 are distributed at intervals in the length direction of the second inner runners 120. As shown in fig. 3, an air outlet included angle a is formed between the opening direction of the second air outlet 122 and the inner wall of the side plate 12, the air outlet included angle a is any angle between 15 ° and 50 °, and the inclination angle of the opening direction of the second air outlet 122 relative to the bottom plate 11 is any angle between-30 ° and +30°.
As a further preferable scheme, the included angle a of the air outlet is any angle between 20 ° and 30 °, and the inclination angle of the opening direction of the second air outlet 122 relative to the bottom plate 11 is any angle between-15 ° and +15°. In this embodiment, the air outlet included angle a between the opening direction of the second air outlet 122 and the inner wall of the side plate 12 is 25 °, and the opening direction of the second air outlet 122 is parallel to the bottom plate 11, that is, each side plate 12 blows hot air at an oblique angle of 25 °, and the hot air blown by the four side plates 12 together form a circumferential swirl around the sand box body 1, so as to ensure that the hot sand fluid generates a swirl under the action of the circumferential swirl.
In order to meet different usage requirements, in other embodiments, the air outlet included angle a between the opening direction of the second air outlet and the inner wall of the side plate may be designed to be 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, or any other angle between 15 ° and 50 °. Furthermore, the inclination angle of the opening direction of the second air outlet with respect to the bottom plate may be designed as-15 °, -5 °, +5°, +15°, or any other angle between-30 ° and +30°.
The side plate 12 is a double-layer plate structure, as shown in fig. 3, and includes an inner plate 123 and an outer plate 124, a flow channel groove is formed on the surface of the inner plate 123, the outer plate 124 is bonded and welded with the inner plate 123, and the outer plate 124 is connected with the flow channel groove of the inner plate 123 in a sealing manner to form a second inner flow channel 120. Specifically, the runner grooves of the inner plate 123 are formed by a turn-milling process, and the inner plate 123 and the outer plate 124 are fixed by laser welding or friction stir welding, thereby forming the side plate 12 having a plurality of independent second inner runners 120.
The cross-sectional widths of the first inner flow channel 200 and the second inner flow channel 120 are all any size ranging from 3mm to 12mm, the opening widths of the first air outlet and the second air inlet 121 are respectively equal to the cross-sectional widths of the second inner flow channel 120, and the opening width of the second air outlet 122 is smaller than 5mm. In this embodiment, the thicknesses of the upper case cover 2 and the side plate 12 are 18mm, the cross-sectional width of the first inner flow channel 200 and the cross-sectional width of the second inner flow channel 120 are 6mm, the opening width of the second air outlet 122 is 3mm, the small-sized second air outlet 122 is beneficial to improving the hot air pressure, improving the dynamic performance of hot air, and reducing dry sand from entering the second air outlet 122 when sand is paved during printing.
The bottom plate 11 is further provided with a plurality of bottom plate openings 111 and a third inner runner, the plurality of bottom plate openings 111 are arranged on the inner side of the bottom plate 11 in a dispersing mode, the sand discharge opening 110 is arranged on the outer side of the bottom plate 11, the third inner runner is arranged in the bottom plate 11, and the third inner runner is communicated between the plurality of bottom plate openings 111 and the sand discharge opening 110. The plurality of bottom plate open holes 111 are distributed on the inner side of the bottom plate 11, so that the possibility that the sand mould shields the bottom plate open holes 111 is reduced, and the sand discharge ports 110 with a sufficient number are ensured to be used for dry sand to flow out of the sand box body 1 all the time.
As a further preferable scheme, the valve 13 is a ball valve, the ball valve is in flange connection with the sand discharge port 110, a valve core of the ball valve is in metal hard sealing fit with a valve seat, and a hardened anti-wear coating is arranged on the surface of the valve core of the ball valve and the surface of the valve seat. Because the dry sand is mainly quartz sand and ceramic sand with high silicon content, the ball valve has certain abrasion capability in a flowing state, and the valve core and the valve seat of the ball valve are in metal hard seal fit, the on-off requirement of dry sand fluid can be effectively met, and the abrasion resistance of the sealing part of the ball valve in the sand cleaning process can be ensured by hardening the abrasion-proof coating.
In addition, the inner wall of the bottom plate 11 is further provided with a bottom sink, a metal heating plate 14 is embedded in the bottom sink, the metal heating plate 14 is in interference fit with the bottom sink, the bottom sink is flush with the inner wall of the bottom plate 11, and the metal heating plate 14 is connected with a power line penetrating through the bottom plate 11. The metal heating plate 14 on the bottom plate 11 can play a role in auxiliary heating of bottom dry sand, so that heat can be input in all directions of the sand box body 1, and sand curing efficiency is improved.
In this embodiment, the heating air supply structure 3 includes an outer housing 30, an axial fan 31, an electric heating wire 32, and a control board, the outer housing 30 is provided with an air supply interface connected with the first air inlet 20, the axial fan 31 and the electric heating wire 32 are both installed inside the outer housing 30, and the control board is electrically connected with the axial fan 31 and the electric heating wire 32 respectively. And, a thermocouple is further installed inside the outer case 30, and is electrically connected with a control board for receiving a temperature signal from the thermocouple and controlling the heating wire 32 to be powered off when the heating temperature exceeds the maximum curing temperature. The maximum curing temperature may be set according to the actual situation, for example: the maximum solidifying temperature is 220 ℃, when the heating temperature of the air exceeds 220 ℃, namely, the heating wire 32 is controlled to be powered off, and the heating wire 32 is powered on again after the temperature is reduced to the minimum temperature, and the heating is repeatedly carried out so as to basically maintain the hot air within a proper temperature range.
In addition, a plurality of exhaust ports 22 are arranged at the position close to the edge of the upper case cover 2, the exhaust ports 22 and the first inner flow passages 200 are staggered, specifically, three exhaust ports 22 are arranged at three different directions of the upper case cover 2, the exhaust ports 22 are arranged at the position close to the edge of the upper case cover 2, the interval between two adjacent first inner flow passages 200 is the largest, and the exhaust ports 22 and the first inner flow passages 200 are ensured not to interfere with each other.
The dry sand filtering structure 4 comprises a stainless steel filter screen 41 and a PP cotton filter element 42, wherein the PP cotton filter element 42 is detachably arranged on the outer side of the stainless steel filter screen 41, the filtering precision of the stainless steel filter screen 41 is less than or equal to 100 mu m, and the filtering precision of the PP cotton filter element 42 is less than or equal to 15 mu m. As a further preferable scheme, the filtering precision of the stainless steel filter screen 41 can be 40 mu m, the filtering precision of the PP cotton filter element 42 is 10 mu m, the granularity of dry sand is more than or equal to 100 meshes (154 mu m), the stainless steel filter screen 41 can effectively filter the dry sand to prevent the dry sand from leaking outwards, and the PP cotton filter element 42 can further purify fine particles in hot air, so that the quality of the ambient air during casting of the sand box is ensured.
The metal casting method using the casting sand box based on the 3DP sand mould comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a CAD drawing of sand mold layering according to the shape and the size of the casting, and guiding the CAD drawing of sand mold layering into a 3DP printer. In the sand mold design stage, the pouring gate, the runner, the exhaust structure and the like of the sand mold are reserved in advance according to the shape and material characteristics of castings and the characteristics of a pouring process, so that the structural integrity of the sand mold is improved, and the subsequent process of pouring can be rapidly completed in a casting sand box.
S2, opening an upper box cover 2 of the casting sand box, checking and cleaning impurities in the box, ensuring that the second air outlet 122 can smoothly jet hot air flow, and enabling a valve 13 of the sand discharge port 110 to be normally opened and closed; the inner surfaces of the side plates 12 and the bottom plate 11 of the sand box body 1 are coated with hot melt film layers, and the hot melt film layers are leveled by using a strickle, so that the hot melt layers are ensured to be free from folds and bulges in the sand box body 1.
In step S2, the mixture of paraffin and rosin resin is uniformly coated on the inner surface of the flask body 1 to form a hot melt film layer, the mixture of paraffin and rosin resin is solidified at normal temperature to block the second air outlet 122 and the sand discharge port 110, and the volatilization temperature of the hot melt film layer is less than or equal to 200 ℃. The second air outlet 122 and the sand discharge port 110 are plugged by solidified paraffin and rosin resin, so that the influence on the surface flatness caused by dry sand entering in the process of printing and sanding is prevented, and the sand paving flatness and the sand mold preparation precision are ensured; the heating air supply structure 3 is started, the paraffin and rosin resin can be volatilized rapidly by using hot air, and the paraffin and rosin resin can be discharged out of the sand box body 1 along with the hot air, so that adverse effects on sand mould solidification and sand cleaning are avoided.
S3, pushing the sand box body 1 into a 3DP printer, and spreading sand and spraying adhesive according to a design drawing until the whole sand mould preparation work is completed. In the step S3, a plurality of layers of bottom sand are paved on the bottom surface of the sand box body 1, the total thickness of the bottom sand is more than or equal to 15mm, and at least three layers of binders are sprayed on the region of the upper layer of bottom sand corresponding to the inner cavity of the sand mould so as to form a casting protection layer at the bottom of the sand mould. The bottom area of the sand mould inner cavity is designed with a casting protection layer, and the casting protection layer formed by bonding multiple layers of dry sand is used for isolating the high temperature of molten metal, so that other structures of the bottom plate 11 are prevented from being burnt due to the fact that the molten metal is directly cast in the sand box body 1.
S4, taking out the sand box body 1 filled with the sand mould and the dry sand, cleaning the residual dry sand at the upper edge of the sand box body 1, and sealing, buckling and locking the upper box cover 2 and the sand box body 1.
S5, starting the heating air supply structure 3, injecting hot air flow into the sand box body 1 through the first air inlet 20, the first inner runner 200 of the upper box cover 2 and the second inner runner 120 of the side plate 12, driving dry sand to flow by the hot air flow to form hot sand fluid, transferring heat to the sand mould through the hot sand fluid to solidify the hot sand fluid, and rubbing and cleaning the surface of the sand mould through the hot sand fluid. Because the upper cover 2 is a conical cover with high middle and low periphery, after the upper cover 2 is closed, redundant space can be reserved at the upper part of the sand box body 1 so as to ensure that hot air enters the sand box body 1 to enable the air-sand mixed fluid to sufficiently move.
S6, closing the heating air supply structure 3, opening the valve 13 of the sand discharge port 110, and sucking and discharging dry sand in the sand box body 1 through a negative pressure pipeline, wherein the sucking pressure of the negative pressure pipeline is not less than the air inlet pressure. Because the negative pressure pipeline generates suction pressure to the sand box body 1, after the heating air supply structure 3 is powered off, external air can still enter the sand box body 1 through the first air inlet 20, and air flow generated by the negative pressure enables dry sand to keep in a flowing state, so that the sand discharge speed is improved, and dry sand is prevented from accumulating at corners of the sand box.
And S7, heating molten metal to be cast, opening the upper box cover 2 of the casting sand box, injecting the molten metal into the sand mould, and naturally cooling.
S8, taking out the sand mold and the metal casting piece from the casting sand box, and removing the sand mold to obtain the metal casting piece.
The specific example of the metal casting method based on the casting sand box of the 3DP sand mould of the present invention is the same as the specific example of the metal casting method using the casting sand box based on the 3DP sand mould in the specific implementation mode of the casting sand box based on the 3DP sand mould of the present invention, and will not be described herein.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and substitutions made herein by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention should also be considered as the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The casting sand box based on the 3DP sand mould is characterized by comprising a sand box body (1) and an upper box cover (2), wherein an opening is formed in the upper part of the sand box body (1), the upper box cover (2) is detachably arranged at the opening, the sand box body (1) comprises a bottom plate (11) and a side plate (12) which are fixedly connected, and the side plate (12) is arranged around the edge of the bottom plate (11);
the upper box cover (2) is provided with a first air inlet (20) and a plurality of first inner flow passages (200), a heating air supply structure (3) is integrally arranged at the first air inlet (20), the plurality of first inner flow passages (200) are arranged in the upper box cover (2) and are communicated with the first air inlet (20), and a plurality of first air outlets which are communicated with the first inner flow passages (200) are further arranged at the lower side edge of the upper box cover (2);
a plurality of second inner flow passages (120) are formed in the side plates (12), a plurality of second air inlets (121) are formed in the upper edges of the side plates (12), the second air inlets (121) are respectively communicated with the second inner flow passages (120), and the second air inlets (121) and the first air outlets are correspondingly arranged so as to enable the first inner flow passages (200) to be communicated with the second inner flow passages (120) after the upper case cover (2) is closed;
the inner wall of the side plate (12) is also provided with a plurality of second air outlets (122) communicated with the second inner runner (120), the second air outlets (122) are circumferentially cyclone-arranged around the sand box body (1), and the second air outlets (122) are used for injecting hot air flow into the sand box body (1) to form hot sand fluid;
the upper box cover (2) is also provided with an exhaust port (22), a dry sand filtering structure (4) is arranged at the exhaust port (22), and the aperture of the dry sand filtering structure (4) is smaller than the particle size of dry sand so as to discharge redundant hot air in the sand box body (1); the bottom plate (11) is provided with a sand discharge port (110), a valve (13) is arranged at the sand discharge port (110), and the valve (13) is detachably connected with a negative pressure pipeline.
2. The casting sand box based on the 3DP sand mould according to claim 1, wherein the upper box cover (2) is a conical box cover with a high middle and a low periphery, the first air inlet (20) is arranged in the middle of the upper box cover (2), and a plurality of first inner runners (200) are arranged in a central radial manner with respect to the first air inlet (20).
3. Casting flask based on a 3DP sand mould according to claim 2, characterized in that the shape of the upper box cover (2) is a quadrangular pyramid, comprising four isosceles triangle plates (21) combined in a spliced manner, wherein a quarter circular arc groove is arranged at the vertex of each isosceles triangle plate (21), and the first air inlet (20) is surrounded by the quarter circular arc grooves of the four isosceles triangle plates (21);
the bottom edge of the isosceles triangle plate (21) is provided with a sealing clamping groove, a plurality of first air outlets are distributed at the bottom of the sealing clamping groove at intervals, and the sealing clamping groove is matched with the upper edge of the side plate (12) in a clamping way.
4. A casting sand box based on a 3DP sand mould according to claim 3, wherein the sand box body (1) is rectangular, four side plates (12) are vertically spliced to form a rectangular cavity, a plurality of second inner runners (120) are arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the side plates (12), the second inner runners (120) extend along the height direction of the side plates (12), and a plurality of second air outlets (122) are distributed at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the second inner runners (120).
5. The casting flask based on the 3DP sand mold according to claim 1, wherein an air outlet included angle is formed between the opening direction of the second air outlet (122) and the inner wall of the side plate (12), the air outlet included angle is any angle between 15 ° and 50 °, and the inclination angle of the opening direction of the second air outlet (122) relative to the bottom plate (11) is any angle between-30 ° and +30°.
6. The casting flask based on a 3DP sand mold according to claim 5, wherein the air outlet included angle is any angle between 20 ° and 30 °, and the opening direction of the second air outlet (122) is inclined at any angle between-15 ° and +15° with respect to the bottom plate (11).
7. The casting sand box based on the 3DP sand mold according to claim 5, wherein the side plate (12) is a double-plate structure, and comprises an inner plate (123) and an outer plate (124), a runner groove is formed on the surface of the inner plate (123), the outer plate (124) is bonded and welded with the inner plate (123), and the outer plate (124) is in sealing connection with the runner groove of the inner plate (123) to form the second inner runner (120).
8. A metal casting method using the 3DP sand-based casting flask according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, designing a CAD drawing of sand mold layering according to the shape and the size of a casting, and guiding the CAD drawing of sand mold layering into a 3DP printer;
s2, opening an upper box cover (2) of the casting sand box, checking and cleaning impurities in the box, ensuring that a second air outlet (122) can smoothly jet hot air flow, and a valve (13) of a sand discharge port (110) can be normally opened and closed;
coating the inner surfaces of the side plates (12) and the bottom plate (11) of the sand box body (1) with hot melt film layers, and leveling the hot melt film layers by using a strickling device to ensure that the hot melt film layers have no folds and no bulges in the sand box body (1);
s3, pushing the sand box body (1) into a 3DP printer, and spreading sand and spraying adhesive according to a design drawing until the whole sand mould preparation work is completed;
s4, taking out the sand box body (1) filled with the sand mould and the dry sand, cleaning the dry sand remained at the upper edge of the sand box body (1), and sealing, buckling and locking the upper box cover (2) and the sand box body (1);
s5, starting a heating air supply structure (3), injecting hot air flow into the sand box body (1) through a first air inlet (20), a first inner flow passage (200) of the upper box cover (2) and a second inner flow passage (120) of the side plate (12), driving dry sand to flow by utilizing the hot air flow to form hot sand fluid, transferring heat to a sand mold through the hot sand fluid to solidify the sand mold, and cleaning the surface of the sand mold through friction of the hot sand fluid;
s6, closing the heating air supply structure (3), opening a valve (13) of the sand discharge port (110), and sucking and discharging dry sand in the sand box body (1) through a negative pressure pipeline, wherein the sucking pressure of the negative pressure pipeline is not less than the air inlet pressure;
s7, heating molten metal to be cast, opening an upper box cover (2) of the casting sand box, injecting the molten metal into the sand mould, and naturally cooling;
s8, taking out the sand mold and the metal casting piece from the casting sand box, and removing the sand mold to obtain the metal casting piece.
9. The metal casting method based on the casting sand box of the 3DP sand mold according to claim 8, wherein in the step S2, the mixture of paraffin and rosin resin is uniformly coated on the inner surface of the sand box body (1) and forms a hot melt film layer, the mixture of paraffin and rosin resin is solidified at normal temperature to block the second air outlet (122) and the sand outlet (110), and the volatilization temperature of the hot melt film layer is less than or equal to 200 ℃.
10. The metal casting method based on the casting sand box of the 3DP sand mold according to claim 8, wherein in the step S3, a plurality of layers of bottom sand are paved on the bottom surface of the sand box body (1), the total thickness of the bottom sand is more than or equal to 15mm, and at least three layers of binders are sprayed on the region of the upper layer of bottom sand corresponding to the inner cavity of the sand mold so as to form a casting protection layer at the bottom of the sand mold.
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| CN202311297958.7A CN117047050B (en) | 2023-10-09 | 2023-10-09 | Casting sand box based on 3DP sand mold and metal casting method |
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| CN219484120U (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-08-08 | 枣阳市双龙铸业有限公司 | Investment casting shell drying system |
| CN219698972U (en) * | 2023-02-27 | 2023-09-19 | 新疆美嘉食品饮料有限公司 | Walnut dehydration equipment for producing walnut powder |
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| GB142833A (en) * | 1913-12-26 | 1921-09-05 | Henry Marquette Lane | Manufacture of molded sand articles such as foundry cores and dry sand molds |
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| CN117047050B (en) | 2023-12-29 |
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