CN117044734A - 一种天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂 - Google Patents
一种天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂。所述除草剂的活性成分为松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸。本发明制剂的活性成分羊脂酸、壬酸、松节油之间存在协调增效作用，与单一活性芯材相比，在保证药效相同的条件下能够减少其使用添加量，降低生产成本，降低潜在的环境负担。本发明制剂所使用的壁材玉米淀粉无毒无害，在自然环境中易降解，且其降解产物对人无毒无害。本发明对乳化剂、壁材、溶剂等不同种类的助剂进行了筛选，从而使本发明的除草剂获得最优的药效及缓释效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药技术领域，具体涉及一种天然植物源缓释型复合增效乳剂除草剂。
背景技术
杂草是造成庄稼减产的主要原因之一。目前，防治杂草危害的手段主要为化学农药。但是随着时间推移，传统化学除草剂的缺点逐渐显露，大量田间化学除草剂的使用使杂草逐渐产生抗药性。开发天然植物源复配缓释型除草剂具有重要的意义。
缓释型除草剂可以使药物在一定时间内缓慢释放，延长药效，减少损失，同时也可以降低它的毒性，减少农药用量，降低污染。缓释型农药制剂可分为物理型缓释剂和化学型缓释剂两大类，化学型缓释剂是使药物的活性基团通过化学反应结合到载体上而制成，物理型缓释剂是使用物理方法将农药与聚合物混合而制成的各种类型的缓释剂，包括微胶囊、乳剂、缓释膜等等。乳剂主要由四部分组成，包括有效成分、溶剂、乳化剂和水，在体系中，油相和水相被表面活性剂形成的界面分开。乳剂在功能助剂的帮助下，将不溶于水的药物增溶于水中形成乳状液体制剂，能够改善农药性能，提高农药利用率以及农药在靶标表面的附着，具有更好的缓释效果。
正辛酸俗称羊脂酸，化学式为C8H16O2，天然品存在于苹果、椰子油、肉豆蔻、葡萄酒等中，可由椰子油皂化后再酸化和分馏制得，主要用于制染料、药物、香料等；壬酸广泛存在于植物体内，属于脂肪酸或羧酸类化合物，多以酯的形态存在于香精油中，极少数以游离形态存在，为触杀性、广谱、非选择性除草剂，可防除一年生与多年生阔叶杂草和部分禾本科杂草；松节油主要成分是α-蒎烯及β-蒎烯，为植物中渗出的油树脂经蒸馏或提取得到的挥发油，可用做含环氧基的单萜烯基酯类以及醚类等具有较强的除草活性的化合物的合成前体。目前已有相关报道证实羊脂酸、壬酸为环境友好型天然除草活性物质，松节油为潜在天然植物源除草活性物质，现有技术还报道了其他许多天然除草活性物质，与传统化学除草剂活性成分相比，上述成分具有低毒广谱易降解等优点，这些物质虽然都有一定的活性，但活性普遍不高，将活性组分复合后往往生物活性更低，远远达不到化学农药的使用效果，寻找天然除草活性物质复合物，能达到或者接近化学农药的使用效果，是一个值得研究的课题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂。
一种天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂，所述除草剂的活性成分为松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸。
包括如下重量百分比的组分：松节油8％-14％、羊脂酸2％-6％、壬酸2％-8％、乳化稳定剂3％-7％、防冻剂0.1％-1％、壁材21％-41％、溶剂20％-30％、余量为水。
所述乳化稳定剂为吐温-80和/或吐温-40。
所述防冻剂为乙二醇、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙二醇、二甘醇、乙二醇丁醚、丙二醇丁醚、乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯、二氯甲烷、二甲基亚砜、甲酰胺、氯化钙、醋酸钠、氯化镁中的一种或几种。
所述壁材为玉米淀粉、β-环糊精、麦芽糊精中的一种或几种。
所述溶剂为氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液、碳酸钾溶液中的一种或几种；溶剂中溶质的质量分数为0.05％～0.1％。
所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂的制备方法，按照如下步骤进行：
(1)将壁材溶于溶剂中，磁力搅拌10-30min得到溶液A；
(2)取松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸，混合得到溶液B；
(3)将溶液A、溶液B与乳化稳定剂、防冻剂混合得到溶液C；
(4)将溶液C使用高速分散机以13000-17000rmp转速分散后，转移到高压均质机中均质，得到稳定、均一的乳剂除草剂。
所述高压均质参数为初级均质300Mpa-400 Mpa，二级均质100Mpa-150Mpa。
所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂在防治杂草方面的应用。
所述杂草包括：蔊菜、雀舌草、鱼眼草、萹蓄、石胡荽、猪殃殃、鼠曲草、老鹳草、毛茛、卷耳、泥胡菜、繁缕；牛筋草、鸭跖草、马唐、叶下珠、马松子、马齿苋、狼把草、鬼针草、杠板归、草龙、苍耳、白花蛇舌草；青苏、牛膝、商路、刺苋菜、车前草、豨莶、月光花、莲子草；小飞蓬、革命菜、葎草、酸模、荠菜；狗尾草、裨草。
本发明的有益效果：本发明制剂的活性成分羊脂酸、壬酸、松节油之间存在协调增效作用，与单一活性芯材相比，在保证药效相同的条件下能够减少其使用添加量，降低生产成本，降低潜在的环境负担。本发明制剂所使用的壁材玉米淀粉无毒无害，在自然环境中易降解，且其降解产物对人无毒无害。本发明对乳化剂、壁材、溶剂等不同种类的助剂进行了筛选，从而使本发明的除草剂获得最优的药效及缓释效果。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将对本发明进行更全面的描述。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
实施例1
供试土样：土样采于天津，取耕作层土壤过2mm筛后，混匀备用。经分析，土壤含水量为25.4％，pH6.6，土壤有机质含量6.8％，NH4+-N 19.2mg/kg，NO3--N 121.5mg/kg，有效磷566.6mg/kg，有效钾665.8mg/kg。
松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸用正己烷溶解，松节油配置成质量分数为10％的溶液，羊脂酸配置成质量分数为4％的溶液，壬酸配置成质量分数为4％的溶液；称取1000g准备好的土样，放入容器中(土层厚10cm)，分别在土壤表面点播40粒已催芽的马齿苋、泥胡菜、马唐、车前草、狗尾草种子；分别准确称取30g松节油溶液、30g羊脂酸溶液、30g壬酸溶液，转移至小型喷雾器中，各种溶液两两混合使用时，各取30g，松节油溶液、羊脂酸溶液和壬酸溶液组合使用时，各取30g，25℃下喷雾喷洒后闭气1d，闭气结束后敞气5d，然后测量马齿苋、泥胡菜、马唐、车前草、狗尾草的芽长，对照为单纯用正己烷喷洒后闭气1d，闭气结束后敞气5d，每个处理5次重复。
杂草防效用下式计算：
根据Colby法(1966)公式计算防效并与实测的防效比较，简便、有效地评价混剂的联合作用效果。计算公式为：
E为混剂的理论防效；n为混用药剂的数量；X1表示施用第1种药剂后的防效；X2表示施用第2种药剂后的防效；Xn表示施用第n种药剂后的防效。当混剂实际防效大于理论防效时，表示增效；当混剂实际防效小于理论防效时，表示拮抗。
表1松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸混用对马齿苋的效果
从表1可以看出，与单剂相比，松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸两两混用及全部混用对马齿苋的防效均表现出协同增效作用。
表2松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸混用对泥胡菜的效果
从表2可以看出，与单剂相比，松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸两两混用及全部混用对泥胡菜的防效均表现出协同增效作用。
表3松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸混用对马唐的效果
从表3可以看出，与单剂相比，松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸两两混用及全部混用对马唐的防效均表现出协同增效作用。
表4松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸混用对车前草的效果
从表4可以看出，与单剂相比，松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸两两混用及全部混用对车前草的防效均表现出协同增效作用。
表5松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸混用对狗尾草的效果
从表5可以看出，与单剂相比，松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸两两混用及全部混用对狗尾草的防效均表现出协同增效作用。
实施例2
一种天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂，包括如下重量百分比的组分：松节油10％、羊脂酸4％、壬酸4％、吐温-80 5％、乙二醇0.5％、玉米淀粉30％、质量分数为0.08％的氢氧化钠溶液25％、余量为水。
所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂的制备方法，按照如下步骤进行：
(1)将玉米淀粉溶于质量分数为0.08％的氢氧化钠溶液中，磁力搅拌20min得到溶液A；
(2)取松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸，混合得到溶液B；
(3)将溶液A、溶液B与吐温-80、乙二醇混合得到溶液C；
(4)将溶液C使用高速分散机以15000rmp转速分散后，转移到高压均质机中均质，得到稳定、均一的乳剂除草剂；所述高压均质参数为初级均质350Mpa，二级均质120Mpa。
实施例3
一种天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂，包括如下重量百分比的组分：松节油12％、羊脂酸5％、壬酸6％、吐温-40 5％、丙二醇0.8％、β-环糊精36％、质量分数为0.07％的氢氧化钾溶液28％、余量为水。
所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂的制备方法，按照如下步骤进行：
(1)将β-环糊精溶于质量分数为0.07％的氢氧化钾溶液中，磁力搅拌15min得到溶液A；
(2)取松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸，混合得到溶液B；
(3)将溶液A、溶液B与乳化吐温-40、丙二醇混合得到溶液C；
(4)将溶液C使用高速分散机以14000rmp转速分散后，转移到高压均质机中均质，得到稳定、均一的乳剂除草剂；所述高压均质参数为初级均质320Mpa，二级均质100Mpa。
实施例4
一种天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂，包括如下重量百分比的组分：松节油13％、羊脂酸6％、壬酸8％、吐温-80 7％、乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯1％、麦芽糊精40％、质量分数为0.05％的碳酸钾溶液30％、余量为水。
所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂的制备方法，按照如下步骤进行：
(1)将麦芽糊精溶于质量分数为0.05％的碳酸钾溶液中，磁力搅拌30min得到溶液A；
(2)取松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸，混合得到溶液B；
(3)将溶液A、溶液B与吐温-80、乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯混合得到溶液C；
(4)将溶液C使用高速分散机以17000rmp转速分散后，转移到高压均质机中均质，得到稳定、均一的乳剂除草剂；所述高压均质参数为初级均质400Mpa，二级均质150Mpa。
实施例5
一种天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂，包括如下重量百分比的组分：松节油8％、羊脂酸2％、壬酸2％、吐温-80 3％、醋酸钠0.1％、玉米淀粉21％、质量分数为0.05％的氢氧化钠溶液20％、余量为水。
所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂的制备方法，按照如下步骤进行：
(1)将玉米淀粉溶于质量分数为0.05％的氢氧化钠溶液中，磁力搅拌10min得到溶液A；
(2)取松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸，混合得到溶液B；
(3)将溶液A、溶液B与吐温-80、醋酸钠混合得到溶液C；
(4)将溶液C使用高速分散机以13000rmp转速分散后，转移到高压均质机中均质，得到稳定、均一的乳剂除草剂；所述高压均质参数为初级均质400Mpa，二级均质150Mpa。
实施例6
一种天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂，包括如下重量百分比的组分：松节油12％、羊脂酸3％、壬酸3％、吐温-40 4％、丙二醇丁醚0.2％、β-环糊精25％、质量分数为0.06％氢氧化钾溶液22％、余量为水。
所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂的制备方法，按照如下步骤进行：
(1)将β-环糊精溶于质量分数为0.06％氢氧化钾溶液中，磁力搅拌10-30min得到溶液A；
(2)取松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸，混合得到溶液B；
(3)将溶液A、溶液B与吐温-40、丙二醇丁醚混合得到溶液C；
(4)将溶液C使用高速分散机以15000rmp转速分散后，转移到高压均质机中均质，得到稳定、均一的乳剂除草剂；所述高压均质参数为初级均质300Mpa-400 Mpa，二级均质100Mpa-150 Mpa。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂，其特征在于，所述除草剂的活性成分为松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂，其特征在于，包括如下重量百分比的组分：松节油8％-14％、羊脂酸2％-6％、壬酸2％-8％、乳化稳定剂3％-7％、防冻剂0.1％-1％、壁材21％-41％、溶剂20％-30％、余量为水。
3.根据权利要求2所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂，其特征在于，所述乳化稳定剂为吐温-80和/或吐温-40。
4.根据权利要求2所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂，其特征在于，所述防冻剂为乙二醇、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙二醇、二甘醇、乙二醇丁醚、丙二醇丁醚、乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯、二氯甲烷、二甲基亚砜、甲酰胺、氯化钙、醋酸钠、氯化镁中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求2所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂，其特征在于，所述壁材为玉米淀粉、β-环糊精、麦芽糊精中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求2所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂，其特征在于，所述溶剂为氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液、碳酸钾溶液中的一种或几种；溶剂中溶质的质量分数为0.05％～0.1％。
7.权利要求2所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂的制备方法，其特征在于，按照如下步骤进行：
(1)将壁材溶于溶剂中，磁力搅拌10-30min得到溶液A；
(2)取松节油、羊脂酸和壬酸，混合得到溶液B；
(3)将溶液A、溶液B与乳化稳定剂、防冻剂混合得到溶液C；
(4)将溶液C使用高速分散机以13000-17000rmp转速分散后，转移到高压均质机中均质，得到稳定、均一的乳剂除草剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述高压均质参数为初级均质300Mpa-400 Mpa，二级均质100Mpa-150 Mpa。
9.权利要求1所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂在防治杂草方面的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述天然植物源复合缓释型乳剂除草剂在防治杂草方面的应用，其特征在于，所述杂草包括：蔊菜、雀舌草、鱼眼草、萹蓄、石胡荽、猪殃殃、鼠曲草、老鹳草、毛茛、卷耳、泥胡菜、繁缕；牛筋草、鸭跖草、马唐、叶下珠、马松子、马齿苋、狼把草、鬼针草、杠板归、草龙、苍耳、白花蛇舌草；青苏、牛膝、商路、刺苋菜、车前草、豨莶、月光花、莲子草；小飞蓬、革命菜、葎草、酸模、荠菜；狗尾草、裨草。
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