CN117040037A - LNG (liquefied Natural gas) ship engine room monitoring power management system - Google Patents

LNG (liquefied Natural gas) ship engine room monitoring power management system Download PDF

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CN117040037A
CN117040037A CN202310810054.3A CN202310810054A CN117040037A CN 117040037 A CN117040037 A CN 117040037A CN 202310810054 A CN202310810054 A CN 202310810054A CN 117040037 A CN117040037 A CN 117040037A
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power
load
ship
monitoring
pheromone
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陈睿
邵彦山
朱人杰
徐华
金玲
张晓�
李皓杰
何宜瑞
李磊
徐丹
孟祥慈
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716th Research Institute of CSIC
China State Shipbuilding Corp Ltd
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716th Research Institute of CSIC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J4/00—Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/004—Artificial life, i.e. computing arrangements simulating life
    • G06N3/006—Artificial life, i.e. computing arrangements simulating life based on simulated virtual individual or collective life forms, e.g. social simulations or particle swarm optimisation [PSO]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00001—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the display of information or by user interaction, e.g. supervisory control and data acquisition systems [SCADA] or graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/002—Flicker reduction, e.g. compensation of flicker introduced by non-linear load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
    • H02J3/0073—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source when the main path fails, e.g. transformers, busbars
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/42—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ships or vessels

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Abstract

The application discloses an LNG ship engine room monitoring power management system which comprises a power generation management module, a load management module, a power distribution management module, an automatic start-stop control module, a grid-connected disconnection control module and a power failure recovery control module. The system has the capability of monitoring and controlling a ship power station in real time, the capability of balancing and scheduling the ship load, the capability of powerful heavy load inquiry, the capability of timely identifying and solving the heavy load problem, an accurate load control and power limiting strategy and an automatic recovery function of full ship power failure, ensures that the ship can quickly recover power supply after power interruption, and ensures safe operation of the ship. The system improves the energy utilization efficiency, the system stability and the safety of ship operation, can provide efficient and reliable power supply for ships, and simultaneously reduces the energy consumption and the maintenance cost. The LNG ship cabin monitoring power management system has wide application prospect in the field of ships.

Description

LNG (liquefied Natural gas) ship engine room monitoring power management system
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of ship cabin monitoring, and particularly relates to an LNG ship cabin monitoring power management system.
Background
As an important lng carrier, the Power Management System (PMS) in its cabin is of critical importance. Conventional LNG ship cabin power management systems typically consist of power control, load control, power limitation, and automatic recovery from a full ship loss. Conventional LNG ship nacelle monitoring systems typically rely on manual operation and simple monitoring equipment, and do not meet the needs for real-time monitoring and accurate management of power supply and load equipment. And most of traditional cabin monitoring systems adopt a centralized monitoring method with low decentralized monitoring or integration degree, have simple man-machine interface, single function and low informatization degree, and lack the capability of centralized management of the whole power distribution network. With the trend of large ships, complicated distribution networks and continuously-increased power station capacity, the monitored objects of the distribution system are increased, the distribution positions are relatively discrete, the fault frequency is increased, the traditional cabin monitoring system has difficulty in meeting the requirements of high informatization and automatic intelligent management control of the modern ship distribution system, and the traditional systems often face the following problems:
the monitoring and control of the ship power station has the following defects: the system only provides limited monitoring capability, cannot acquire data of each key parameter of the ship power station in real time, and lacks accurate monitoring of the state of power equipment. In addition, conventional systems typically employ simple power distribution strategies in terms of power control that fail to meet the requirements of complex power supplies within the LNG ship's nacelle.
There are limitations in reloading queries: when the load of the power supply system exceeds the rated capacity, the traditional system lacks strong heavy load inquiry capability, and cannot find and solve the heavy load problem in time, so that the power supply of the ship power station is unstable. Meanwhile, the traditional system cannot accurately monitor and manage the power consumption of the load equipment, so that the power distribution is unbalanced, the energy is wasted and the system safety risk is caused.
In terms of power limiting capability: the traditional system lacks a flexible power limiting strategy and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to actual demands, so that accurate control and optimization of power cannot be realized. And the support for automatic recovery of the whole ship power failure is insufficient, and in the event of the whole ship power failure, the traditional system cannot automatically identify and recover the power supply, and manual intervention is needed to influence the safety and reliability of the ship.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects of the traditional power management system in the aspects of monitoring and control, heavy load inquiry, load control, power limitation, automatic recovery of whole ship power failure and the like of a ship power station, and provides a more efficient, reliable and safe LNG ship cabin power management solution.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the application is as follows: an LNG ship cabin monitoring power management system is provided with the capability of monitoring and controlling a ship power station in real time, the capability of balancing and scheduling ship load, the capability of powerful heavy load inquiry, the capability of timely identifying and solving heavy load problems, an accurate load control and power limiting strategy and an automatic full ship power failure recovery function, so that the power supply of a ship can be quickly recovered after the power interruption, and the safe operation of the ship can be ensured. The monitoring power management system comprises a power generation management module, a load management module, a power distribution management module, an automatic start-stop control module, a grid-connected disconnection control module and a power failure recovery control module;
the power generation management module is used for monitoring power generation voltage and frequency and controlling a power generation system, and comprises the steps of monitoring and controlling active load and reactive load distribution to realize load balance distribution, and determining starting and stopping of a power generator according to load conditions;
the load management module is used for monitoring load power, coordinating power limiting functions of other systems, carrying out power limiting and power optimizing configuration strategy formulation on load equipment according to the monitoring condition of available power of the system, and starting interlocking protection;
the power distribution management module is used for controlling the configuration and sequence of a power distribution system; the configuration of the power distribution system meets the requirements of the actual operation mode of the ship;
the automatic start-stop control module is used for realizing the self-starting function of the power management system PMS and automatically responding when the power fluctuation exists in the power grid;
the grid-connected disconnection control module is used for realizing grid-connected power supply or giving a disconnection signal to disconnect the generator set according to the priority set by the concurrent motor;
and the power failure recovery control module is used for immediately recovering power under the accident condition of faults, cutting off fault loads and recovering the initial running state of the related system.
Further, the monitoring and controlling the active load and the reactive load distribution to realize the load balance distribution comprises the following specific steps:
step 1-1, sequentially numbering 1-N on all power supply devices in a ship cabin, and recording the load connection number N of each power supply device;
step 1-2, traversing the running states and load information of all power supply devices when a power management system receives a new power request, and screening out available power supply devices;
step 1-3, traversing all available power supply devices, selecting the power supply device with the least load connection number, and selecting the power supply device with the least load if a plurality of power supply devices with the least load connection number exist;
step 1-4, the power management system distributes and sends a new power request to the power supply equipment selected in step 1-3, and simultaneously updates the load connection number of the power supply equipment;
through the loop iteration of the steps, balanced load distribution of different power supply devices in the ship cabin is realized.
Further, in the load management module, the maximum power signal is sent to the load equipment through the model predictive control algorithm to realize power limitation and power optimization configuration strategy formulation.
Further, the specific process of sending the maximum power signal to the load device through the model predictive control algorithm to realize power limitation and power optimization configuration strategy formulation includes:
step 2-1, a load equipment model is established according to the characteristics of the load equipment:
S t+1 ＝f(S t ,U t ),Y t ＝g(S t ,U t )
wherein S is t+1 、S t Load device states at time t+1 and time t are respectively represented, U t System control input representing time t, Y t A system control output representing time t; f and g respectively represent a load equipment state transfer function and an output function in the ship;
step 2-2, obtaining a load state of the load equipment based on the load equipment model, and establishing a prediction model for predicting power requirements under different loads:
L(t+k)＝f 1 (L(t),L(t-1),…,L(1))
wherein f 1 Is a time sequenceThe prediction algorithm, L (t+k) represents the load state of the system load at the time t+k, L (t), L (t-1), … and L (1) represent the load states of the system load at the time t, the time t-1, … and the initial time respectively;
the load in the time t+1 to the time t+k satisfies the following constraint conditions:
L(t+k)≥L(t+k-1)×(1+a)
wherein a is a set coefficient;
2-3, predicting the load state of the system load in real time by utilizing the prediction model to obtain the power demand of the load and the output power of the output shaft;
step 2-4, generating a control quantity by using a control algorithm according to the prediction result of the step 2-3, controlling the output power of the output shaft, and sending a maximum power signal to the load equipment according to the predicted power demand of the load, and controlling the power use of the load equipment to limit the power consumption;
step 2-5, calculating the power difference between the predicted output power of the output shaft and the current load power demand, and when the system load is higher than a preset threshold value, sending a maximum power signal to load equipment according to a prediction result, and limiting power consumption;
step 2-6, calculating the power difference between the output power of the current output shaft and the power demand of the current load under the normal working condition, and formulating a power optimization configuration strategy according to the power difference: when the power difference is positive, indicating that the output power of the current output shaft is larger than the predicted power demand of the load, and reducing the output power of the output shaft; when the power difference is negative, indicating that the predicted power requirement of the load is larger than the output power of the current output shaft, the output power of the output shaft is increased to meet the power requirement of the load.
Further, the power is restored immediately under the accident condition, and the power restoration is realized by adopting an improved ant colony algorithm to automatically restart the propeller driving system, wherein the improved ant colony algorithm leaves the pheromone at the vertexes, and the probability of adding the selected vertexes into the subset is determined by the pheromone of the vertexes and local heuristic information.
Further, the method for automatically restarting the propeller driving system by adopting the improved ant colony algorithm realizes power recovery, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
step 3-1, establishing an electric power system of an LNG ship cabin as a topological model, defining nodes as electric power equipment, and connecting lines as electric power lines in a ship;
step 3-2, setting the number of ants, and setting the number of search steps according to the operation characteristics of the LNG ship cabin power system;
step 3-3, initializing pheromone: initializing each side, namely the power line, into a pheromone, wherein the size, namely the concentration, of the pheromone represents the strength of the power connectivity of the LNG ship cabin system;
step 3-4, starting an ant colony algorithm, wherein ants select paths according to the size of the pheromone, and the selection probability of each path is p k ij (t) the formula is defined as follows:
wherein τ ij Representing the strength of the power connectivity of the current power line ij from node i to node j; alpha is an importance factor of the pheromone, which is abbreviated as the informative factor, and the larger the value is, the larger the influence intensity of the information is; beta is a heuristic function importance factor, and the larger the value is, the larger the heuristic function influence is; allowances k The node set to be accessed is ant k; η (eta) ij (t) is a heuristic function representing the expected degree of transfer of ants from node i to node j; p is p k ij (t) represents the probability of ant k selecting line ij;
step 3-5, the ants can release pheromone when passing each edge, and the concentration updating formula of the pheromone is as follows:
τ ij (t+n)＝ρ·τ ij (t)+Δτ ij
wherein ρ is the pheromone volatilization factor, Δτ ij Is the pheromone released by the current ant, tau ij (t+n) is the intensity of the power connectivity of the power line ij at time t+n, τ ij (t) is the strength of the electrical connectivity of the electrical line ij at time t, n is the number of iterations;
step 3-6, repeating the steps 3-4 to 3-5 until reaching the preset maximum iteration times, and finishing the road searching task by ants;
step 3-7, selecting the path with the highest pheromone concentration as the shortest path;
and 3-8, reconnecting the power system of the ship according to the shortest path to realize power failure recovery.
Further, the pheromone Deltaτ released by the current ant in step 3-5 ij Calculation was performed by the ant cycle system model:
wherein Q is a pheromone constant, and represents the total amount of the pheromone released by ants after circulation once; l (L) k For ant k, the total length of the path.
Further, when receiving a generator switch off command, the PMS automatically completes load reduction, load distribution and frequency control according to a given signal, and the specific process includes:
step 5-1, PMS obtains a generator disconnection command from a control console;
step 5-2, judging whether overload exists currently or not by monitoring and collecting power output data of each generator in real time, and entering the next step if the overload exists; otherwise, executing the switch-off operation of the generator, and adjusting the load distribution and the frequency control strategy in real time;
and 5-3, the PMS classifies the load according to the priority and the power demand of the load, and then dynamically adjusts the power generation power of each generator to meet the load demand, and meanwhile, the frequency stability of the power distribution network is kept.
Further, when a generator switch off command is received, if only one generator is on line or when one generator is off causing overload of the other generators, the PMS locks the generator switch, disabling the opening of the generator breaker.
Further, when the specified high-power load device is started, the PMS checks whether the current available power and the number of the generator sets on line meet the preset requirement, and if not, the PMS starts the standby generator set to obtain enough available power and sends out a starting command signal.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the remarkable advantages that:
1) The cabin monitoring power management system established by the application can comprehensively monitor the power station information and can acquire the key parameter data of the ship power station in real time.
2) According to the application, an accurate monitoring load condition and a minimum connection number load management algorithm are adopted, so that automatic dispatching and load balancing of the engine room generator set are realized, the output and load distribution of a power supply are timely adjusted, stable power supply of a ship power station under a heavy load condition is ensured, the risks of power interruption and equipment damage are avoided, and the efficiency and reliability of a power generation system are improved.
3) According to the application, a power management system is designed by adopting a model predictive control algorithm, and a power optimization configuration strategy is obtained according to output power of an output shaft and required power of load equipment, so that power optimization configuration is realized, and overload and energy waste can be avoided.
4) The application provides a ship power failure recovery control method based on improved ant colony algorithm analysis, which realizes quick recovery of ship power and ensures the operation and engineering operation safety of the ship.
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the LNG ship cabin monitoring power management system of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a load management algorithm for accurately monitoring load conditions and weighted minimum number of connections in accordance with the present application.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the power optimized configuration of the present application.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the application provides a more efficient, reliable and safe LNG ship engine room power management system which has the capability of monitoring and controlling a ship power station in real time, monitors parameters such as power supply use condition, energy consumption, efficiency and the like of each equipment of an engine room, displays the running state of each equipment of the engine room in real time, and realizes accurate monitoring of the running condition of power equipment and load equipment and centralized management of the equipment. Meanwhile, the system has strong heavy-load inquiry capability, so that heavy-load problems can be timely identified and solved, the heavy-load inquiry capability can help the system to process more requests, the system load problem is relieved, and stable power supply of a ship power station is ensured. In addition, the system should realize accurate load control, power limiting strategy and timely reminding of finding abnormal data so as to improve the energy utilization rate and the safety of the system. Accurate load control can enable the system to have better response capability and load control capability, and effectively reduce the possibility of system errors. The power limiting strategy is critical to ensure reliability of the system while maximizing the utilization of available power. The abnormal data is found to prompt in time, so that the running risk of the ship can be effectively reduced, and the safety of equipment and personnel is ensured. Most importantly, the system should have an automatic recovery function for the power failure of the whole ship, and the recovery function is automatically started after the system detects a power failure event. The power supply of the ship can be quickly recovered after the power is interrupted, and the safe operation of the ship is ensured.
In one embodiment, in combination with fig. 1, the application provides an LNG ship nacelle monitoring power management system, the system includes a power generation management module, a load management module, a power distribution management module, an automatic start-stop control module, a grid-connected disconnection control module, and a power failure recovery control module;
the power generation management module is used for monitoring power generation voltage and frequency and controlling a power generation system, and comprises the steps of monitoring and controlling active load and reactive load distribution to realize load balance distribution, determining starting and stopping of a generator according to load conditions, realizing automatic dispatching and load balance of a generator set, and automatically adjusting the load of the generator set to improve the efficiency and reliability of the power generation system;
the load management module is used for monitoring load power and simultaneously predicting load demand, accurately predicting the load demand at a certain time point in the future, realizing intelligent power dispatching and optimizing load balance and energy utilization efficiency. Coordinating the power limiting functions of other systems, and carrying out power limiting and starting interlocking protection on high-power-consumption equipment according to the monitoring condition of available power of the system;
the power distribution management module provides an overview of the entire power distribution system, including information on power loads, power sources, switching devices, and the like. And monitoring main lines, branch lines, branches and the like, and checking abnormal conditions such as line states, load conditions, temperatures, voltage fluctuation, short circuits and the like in real time. The configuration and the sequence of the power distribution system are controlled, and the configuration of the power distribution system meets the requirements of the actual operation mode of the ship;
the automatic start-stop control module automatically starts the generator when parameters such as power grid voltage, frequency and the like do not meet the requirements through locally set starting conditions. After start-up, the status, including voltage, current, temperature, rotational speed, etc. can also be monitored in real time and data recorded. And when the electric quantity, the voltage and the frequency parameters of the electric power system reach set values, automatically stopping the generator. A manual stop may also be provided. The module is used for supporting a PMS self-starting function and automatically responds when the power grid has high-power fluctuation;
the grid-connected disconnection control module is used for carrying out grid-connected management on the power generation system, and monitoring grid-connected parameters such as electric quantity, voltage, power factor and the like of the plurality of generators in real time by detecting the grid-connected state. When the load demand is larger or smaller, the system selects to realize grid-connected power supply or give a disconnection signal to disconnect the generator set according to the priority set by the concurrent motor, so that the stability and the flexibility of the ship power grid are improved. The system can provide power grid protection, and when a fault of the power grid is detected, the generator system can be quickly and automatically switched to a standby power supply so as to keep safe operation of the power grid;
the power failure recovery control module judges whether the power supply loses power or not by monitoring the state of the power supply, such as electric quantity, voltage, current and the like. The emergency standby generator is automatically started when the system monitors the power failure, continuous power supply of the power system is guaranteed, power is recovered at the first time, fault loads are removed, the power system returns to a normal state after the emergency standby generator is used, the generator is automatically unloaded, the normal power supply state is recovered, the initial running state of the related system is recovered, and the influence of the power failure on the ship system is reduced to the greatest extent.
The monitoring Power Management System (PMS) can comprehensively learn the state of the power system, and can rapidly and effectively execute corresponding actions to prevent the whole ship from losing electricity. The ship power station monitoring and controlling device has the functions of monitoring and controlling, heavy load inquiry, load control, power limitation and automatic recovery of whole ship power failure.
Operators can comprehensively learn the state of the power system through the PMS, and effectively manage the electric energy of the ship power generation system, the power distribution system and the power utilization load so as to ensure that the ship key system equipment has enough available power and prevent the ship power system from being powered off.
Further, in one of the embodiments, the management method of the LNG ship nacelle monitoring power management system includes the following:
(1) In the power generation management module, according to load demands, a system sends a power supply request, requests to enter a load balancer in resource management, the requested tasks are classified, services are classified according to the classified tasks and load levels, a dynamic feedback strategy is combined, load information at the rear end is collected in real time for backup, and then the requested dynamic tasks are scheduled and distributed.
Here, in conjunction with fig. 2, the load balancing and distributing steps specifically include:
step 1-1, sequentially numbering 1-N on all power supply devices in a ship cabin, and recording the load connection number N of each power supply device;
step 1-2, traversing the running states and load information of all power supply devices when a power management system receives a new power request, and screening out available power supply devices;
step 1-3, traversing all available power supply devices, selecting the power supply device with the least load connection number, and selecting the power supply device with the least load if a plurality of power supply devices with the least load connection number exist;
step 1-4, the power management system distributes and sends a new power request to the power supply equipment selected in step 1-3, and simultaneously updates the load connection number of the power supply equipment (the connection number of the selected equipment is changed to n+1, which means that a new power request is associated with the equipment);
through the loop iteration of the steps, balanced load distribution of different power supply devices in the ship cabin is realized.
Here, selecting the device with the least number of connections to process the new power request each time ensures that the loads of the various devices in the nacelle are balanced and avoids situations where some devices are overloaded and others are underloaded.
The power generation management module adopts a weighted minimum connection number load management algorithm to realize automatic dispatching and load balancing of the cabin generator set, and efficiency and reliability of the power generation system are improved.
(2) In the load management module, the PMS transmits a maximum power signal to the load equipment through a model predictive control algorithm to realize power limitation and a power optimization configuration strategy, and in order to prevent overload or whole ship power loss caused by rapid rising of the load of the generator, the load reduction function must have rapid response.
Referring to fig. 3, the specific process of sending a maximum power signal to the load device through the model predictive control algorithm to implement power limitation and power optimization configuration policy formulation includes:
step 2-1, a load equipment model is established according to the characteristics of the load equipment:
S t+1 ＝f(S t ,U t ),Y t ＝g(S t ,U t )
wherein S is t+1 、S t Load device states at time t+1 and time t are respectively represented, U t A system control input representing the time t is shown,Y t a system control output representing time t; f and g respectively represent a load equipment state transfer function and an output function in the ship;
step 2-2, obtaining a load state of the load equipment based on the load equipment model, and establishing a prediction model for predicting power requirements under different loads:
L(t+k)＝f 1 (L(t),L(t-1),…,L(1))
wherein f 1 For a time sequence prediction algorithm, L (t+k) represents the load state of the system load at the time t+k, L (t), L (t-1), … and L (1) represent the load states of the system load at the time t, the time t-1, … and the initial time respectively;
the load in the time t+1 to the time t+k satisfies the following constraint conditions:
L(t+k)≥L(t+k-1)×(1+a)
wherein a is a set coefficient;
2-3, predicting the load state of the system load in real time by utilizing the prediction model to obtain the power demand of the load and the output power of the output shaft;
step 2-4, generating a control quantity by using a control algorithm according to the prediction result of the step 2-3, controlling the output power of the output shaft, and sending a maximum power signal to the load equipment according to the predicted power demand of the load, and controlling the power use of the load equipment to limit the power consumption;
step 2-5, calculating the power difference between the predicted output power of the output shaft and the current load power demand, and when the system load is higher than a preset threshold value, sending a maximum power signal to load equipment according to a prediction result, and limiting power consumption;
step 2-6, calculating the power difference between the output power of the current output shaft and the power demand of the current load under the normal working condition, and formulating a power optimization configuration strategy according to the power difference: when the power difference is positive, indicating that the output power of the current output shaft is larger than the predicted power demand of the load, and reducing the output power of the output shaft; when the power difference is negative, indicating that the predicted power requirement of the load is larger than the output power of the current output shaft, the output power of the output shaft is increased to meet the power requirement of the load.
Here, the load management module accurately predicts the load demand through a model predictive control algorithm, so that overload and energy waste are avoided.
(3) When the whole ship loses electricity, in order to enable the ship to quickly recover the electricity, the automatic recovery function of the ship PMS for losing electricity is started, and the PMS sends a starting signal to the standby generator set after the electricity is recovered and is connected to the distribution board. All available generators of established voltage are connected in sequence to the main switchboard and the propeller drive system is automatically restarted using an analysis algorithm based on an improved ant colony analysis.
Referring to fig. 4, the method for automatically restarting the propeller driving system by adopting the improved ant colony algorithm to realize power recovery specifically includes the following steps:
step 3-1, establishing an electric power system of an LNG ship cabin as a topological model, defining nodes as electric power equipment, and connecting lines as electric power lines in a ship;
step 3-2, setting the number of ants, and setting the number of search steps according to the operation characteristics of the LNG ship cabin power system;
step 3-3, initializing pheromone: initializing each side, namely the power line, into a pheromone, wherein the size, namely the concentration, of the pheromone represents the strength of the power connectivity of the LNG ship cabin system;
step 3-4, starting an ant colony algorithm, wherein ants select paths according to the size of the pheromone, and the selection probability of each path is p k ij (t) the formula is defined as follows:
wherein τ ij Representing the strength of the power connectivity of the current power line ij from node i to node j; alpha is an importance factor of the pheromone, which is abbreviated as the informative factor, and the larger the value is, the larger the influence intensity of the information is; beta is a heuristic function importance factor, and the larger the value is, the larger the heuristic function influence is; allowances k The node set to be accessed is ant k; η (eta) ij (t) is a heuristic function, representingThe expected degree of ant transfer from node i to node j; p is p k ij (t) represents the probability of ant k selecting line ij;
step 3-5, the ants can release pheromone when passing each edge, and the concentration updating formula of the pheromone is as follows:
τ ij (t+n)＝ρ·τ ij (t)+Δτ ij
wherein ρ is the pheromone volatilization factor, Δτ ij Is the pheromone released by the current ant, tau ij (t+n) is the intensity of the power connectivity of the power line ij at time t+n, τ ij (t) is the strength of the electrical connectivity of the electrical line ij at time t, n is the number of iterations;
step 3-6, repeating the steps 3-4 to 3-5 until reaching the preset maximum iteration times, and finishing the road searching task by ants;
step 3-7, selecting the path with the highest pheromone concentration as the shortest path;
and 3-8, reconnecting the power system of the ship according to the shortest path to realize power failure recovery.
(4) The generator starts to operate, it needs to be connected to the switchboard, the PMS control signal (synchronization signal) is sent to the screen of the generator, and the synchronization unit on the screen is activated, and the synchronization unit will automatically monitor the output signal of the generator to make accurate adjustment. After the frequency, phase and voltage of the generator are synchronized with the diesel engine, the synchronization unit sends a signal to the PMS to confirm that the synchronization of the module is successful. At this point, the circuit breaker may be closed and the generator started to supply power.
(5) When the switch-off command of the generator is obtained, the PMS automatically completes the load-reducing function, load distribution and frequency control according to a given signal, but if only one generator is on line or when other generators are overloaded after the switch-off, the PMS locks the switch of the generator, and the switch-off of the generator breaker is forbidden. The specific steps of load distribution and frequency control are as follows:
step 5-1, PMS obtains a generator disconnection command from a control console;
step 5-2, judging whether overload exists currently or not by monitoring and collecting power output data of each generator in real time, and entering the next step if the overload exists; otherwise, executing the switch-off operation of the generator, and adjusting the load distribution and the frequency control strategy in real time;
and 5-3, the PMS classifies the load according to the priority and the power demand of the load, and then dynamically adjusts the power generation power of each generator to meet the load demand, and meanwhile, the frequency stability of the power distribution network is kept.
Here, in order to ensure the stability and reliability of the operation of the generators, the PMS locks the authority of the generator switch to be turned off, so as to prevent the other generators from being overloaded to damage the equipment after some generators are turned off.
Parameters such as system load and frequency are continuously monitored, and dynamic adjustment is carried out according to real-time data so as to ensure the stability and reliability of the system.
(6) The start-up of the designated high power device is monitored. When the specified high-power equipment is started, whether the current available power and the online number of the generator sets meet the preset requirements or not is checked. If not, the PMS will start the backup generator set to obtain enough available power and issue a start command signal.
The application provides an innovative LNG ship cabin monitoring power management system, which can overcome the defects of the traditional power management system in the aspects of monitoring and control, heavy load inquiry, load control, power limitation, full ship power failure automatic recovery and the like of a ship power station. The system optimizes the power generation scheduling, load distribution and power recovery of the power system by comprehensively monitoring, managing and controlling the power system. The system improves the energy utilization efficiency, the system stability and the safety of ship operation, can provide efficient and reliable power supply for ships, and simultaneously reduces the energy consumption and the maintenance cost.
The above description has been made in detail of a system for monitoring and managing power of a ship nacelle, and specific implementation methods are applied to the description of the principles and embodiments of the present application, which is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present application; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present application, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present application in view of the above.

Claims (10)

1. The LNG ship engine room monitoring power management system is characterized by comprising a power generation management module, a load management module, a power distribution management module, an automatic start-stop control module, a grid-connected disconnection control module and a power failure recovery control module;
the power generation management module is used for monitoring power generation voltage and frequency and controlling a power generation system, and comprises the steps of monitoring and controlling active load and reactive load distribution to realize load balance distribution, and determining starting and stopping of a power generator according to load conditions;
the load management module is used for monitoring load power, coordinating power limiting functions of other systems, carrying out power limiting and power optimizing configuration strategy formulation on load equipment according to the monitoring condition of available power of the system, and starting interlocking protection;
the power distribution management module is used for controlling the configuration and sequence of a power distribution system; the configuration of the power distribution system meets the requirements of the actual operation mode of the ship;
the automatic start-stop control module is used for realizing the self-starting function of the power management system PMS and automatically responding when the power fluctuation exists in the power grid;
the grid-connected disconnection control module is used for realizing grid-connected power supply or giving a disconnection signal to disconnect the generator set according to the priority set by the concurrent motor;
and the power failure recovery control module is used for immediately recovering power under the accident condition of faults, cutting off fault loads and recovering the initial running state of the related system.
2. The LNG ship nacelle monitoring power management system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring and controlling of active and reactive load distribution to achieve load balancing distribution comprises:
step 1-1, sequentially numbering 1-N on all power supply devices in a ship cabin, and recording the load connection number N of each power supply device;
step 1-2, traversing the running states and load information of all power supply devices when a power management system receives a new power request, and screening out available power supply devices;
step 1-3, traversing all available power supply devices, selecting the power supply device with the least load connection number, and selecting the power supply device with the least load if a plurality of power supply devices with the least load connection number exist;
step 1-4, the power management system distributes and sends a new power request to the power supply equipment selected in step 1-3, and simultaneously updates the load connection number of the power supply equipment;
through the loop iteration of the steps, balanced load distribution of different power supply devices in the ship cabin is realized.
3. The LNG ship nacelle monitoring power management system of claim 1, wherein in the load management module, power limiting and power optimization configuration strategy formulation is achieved by sending a maximum power signal to the load device via a model predictive control algorithm.
4. The LNG ship nacelle monitoring power management system of claim 3, wherein the power limitation and power optimization configuration strategy formulation is achieved by sending a maximum power signal to the load device through a model predictive control algorithm, the specific process comprising:
step 2-1, a load equipment model is established according to the characteristics of the load equipment:
S t+1 ＝f(S t ，U t )，Y t ＝g(S t ，U t )
wherein S is t+1 、S t Load device states at time t+1 and time t are respectively represented, U t System control input representing time t, Y t A system control output representing time t; f and g respectively represent load equipment state transfer functions in a shipAnd an output function;
step 2-2, obtaining a load state of the load equipment based on the load equipment model, and establishing a prediction model for predicting power requirements under different loads:
L(t+k)＝f 1 (L(t)，L(t-1)，...，L(1))
wherein f 1 For a time sequence prediction algorithm, L (t+k) represents the load state of the system load at the time t+k, L (t), L (t-1), and the term, L (1) represents the load state of the system load at the time t, the time t-1, … and the initial time respectively;
the load in the time t+1 to the time t+k satisfies the following constraint conditions:
L(t+k)≥L(t+k-1)×(1+a)
wherein a is a set coefficient;
2-3, predicting the load state of the system load in real time by utilizing the prediction model to obtain the power demand of the load and the output power of the output shaft;
step 2-4, generating a control quantity by using a control algorithm according to the prediction result of the step 2-3, controlling the output power of the output shaft, and sending a maximum power signal to the load equipment according to the predicted power demand of the load, and controlling the power use of the load equipment to limit the power consumption;
step 2-5, calculating the power difference between the predicted output power of the output shaft and the current load power demand, and when the system load is higher than a preset threshold value, sending a maximum power signal to load equipment according to a prediction result, and limiting power consumption;
step 2-6, calculating the power difference between the output power of the current output shaft and the power demand of the current load under the normal working condition, and formulating a power optimization configuration strategy according to the power difference: when the power difference is positive, indicating that the output power of the current output shaft is larger than the predicted power demand of the load, and reducing the output power of the output shaft; when the power difference is negative, indicating that the predicted power requirement of the load is larger than the output power of the current output shaft, the output power of the output shaft is increased to meet the power requirement of the load.
5. LNG ship nacelle monitoring power management system according to claim 4, characterized in that the immediate restoration of power in case of failure is achieved by automatically restarting the propeller drive system, in particular using a modified ant colony algorithm, which leaves the pheromone at the vertices, the probability of selecting the vertices to add to the subset being determined by the pheromone and local heuristic information of the vertices.
6. The LNG ship nacelle monitoring power management system of claim 5, wherein the automatic restarting of the propulsion drive system using the improved ant colony algorithm achieves power recovery, comprising:
step 3-1, establishing an electric power system of an LNG ship cabin as a topological model, defining nodes as electric power equipment, and connecting lines as electric power lines in a ship;
step 3-2, setting the number of ants, and setting the number of search steps according to the operation characteristics of the LNG ship cabin power system;
step 3-3, initializing pheromone: initializing each side, namely the power line, into a pheromone, wherein the size, namely the concentration, of the pheromone represents the strength of the power connectivity of the LNG ship cabin system;
step 3-4, starting an ant colony algorithm, wherein ants select paths according to the size of the pheromone, and the selection probability of each path is p k ij (t) the formula is defined as follows:
wherein τ ij Representing the strength of the power connectivity of the current power line ij from node i to node j; alpha is an importance factor of the pheromone, which is abbreviated as the informative factor, and the larger the value is, the larger the influence intensity of the information is; beta is a heuristic function importance factor, and the larger the value is, the larger the heuristic function influence is; allowances k The node set to be accessed is ant k; η (eta) ij (t) is a heuristic function representing the expected degree of transfer of ants from node i to node j; p is p k ij (t) represents ant k select lineProbability of road ij;
step 3-5, the ants can release pheromone when passing each edge, and the concentration updating formula of the pheromone is as follows:
τ ij (t+n)＝ρ·τ ij (t)+Δτ ij
wherein ρ is the pheromone volatilization factor, Δτ ij Is the pheromone released by the current ant, tau ij (t+n) is the intensity of the power connectivity of the power line ij at time t+n, τ ij (t) is the strength of the electrical connectivity of the electrical line ij at time t, n is the number of iterations;
step 3-6, repeating the steps 3-4 to 3-5 until reaching the preset maximum iteration times, and finishing the road searching task by ants;
step 3-7, selecting the path with the highest pheromone concentration as the shortest path;
and 3-8, reconnecting the power system of the ship according to the shortest path to realize power failure recovery.
7. The LNG ship nacelle monitoring power management system of claim 6, wherein the current ant releases pheromone Δτi in steps 3-5 j Calculation was performed by the ant cycle system model:
wherein Q is a pheromone constant, and represents the total amount of the pheromone released by ants after circulation once; l (L) k For ant k, the total length of the path.
8. The LNG ship's nacelle monitoring power management system of claim 7, wherein upon receiving a generator switch off command, the PMS automatically performs load shedding and load distribution and frequency control as given signals, the specific process comprising:
step 5-1, PMS obtains a generator disconnection command from a control console;
step 5-2, judging whether overload exists currently or not by monitoring and collecting power output data of each generator in real time, and entering the next step if the overload exists; otherwise, executing the switch-off operation of the generator, and adjusting the load distribution and the frequency control strategy in real time;
and 5-3, the PMS classifies the load according to the priority and the power demand of the load, and then dynamically adjusts the power generation power of each generator to meet the load demand, and meanwhile, the frequency stability of the power distribution network is kept.
9. The LNG ship nacelle monitoring power management system of claim 8 wherein upon receipt of a generator switch off command, the PMS latches the generator switch to disable the opening of the generator circuit breaker if only one generator is on-line or when one generator is off causing overload of the other generator.
10. The LNG ship's nacelle monitoring power management system of claim 9, wherein when a designated high power load device is started, the PMS checks whether the current available power and the number of gensets on-line meet a predetermined requirement, and if not, the PMS starts a backup genset to obtain sufficient available power and issues a start command signal.
CN202310810054.3A 2023-07-04 2023-07-04 LNG (liquefied Natural gas) ship engine room monitoring power management system Pending CN117040037A (en)

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