CN117039809A - Anti-galloping under-voltage protection circuit and method for portable speed-adjustable electric tool - Google Patents
Anti-galloping under-voltage protection circuit and method for portable speed-adjustable electric tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117039809A CN117039809A CN202311200064.1A CN202311200064A CN117039809A CN 117039809 A CN117039809 A CN 117039809A CN 202311200064 A CN202311200064 A CN 202311200064A CN 117039809 A CN117039809 A CN 117039809A
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- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- singlechip
- capacitor
- battery pack
- triode
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a galloping-preventing undervoltage protection circuit and method of a portable speed-adjustable electric tool, comprising a battery pack, a switch, a singlechip and a motor, wherein the battery pack is connected with the anode, the switch and the motor in series, the cathode of the motor is grounded through an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube, the MOS tube is connected with the singlechip and controlled by the singlechip, the anode of the battery pack is connected with the singlechip to supply power to the singlechip, a first triode is connected between the anode of the battery pack of the motor and the singlechip, the base of the first triode is grounded through a second triode, the base of the second triode is connected with the cathode of the switch through a voltage stabilizing diode, the anode of the switch is connected with the anode of the battery pack, the anode of the motor battery pack is also connected with a first capacitor through a current limiting resistor, the cathode of the first capacitor is grounded, the cathode of the first capacitor is connected with a detection pin of the singlechip to detect the voltage change of the first capacitor through the detection pin, and the anode end of the motor voltage stabilizing diode is connected with a second capacitor, and the cathode of the second capacitor is grounded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of measuring electric variables, and particularly relates to a galloping and undervoltage protection circuit and method for a portable speed-adjustable electric tool.
Background
The electric tool is widely applied in production and life, comprises an electric screwdriver, an electric hammer, an angle grinder, a cutting machine and the like, and is widely applied in production along with the extension of the application field, and in order to improve the use safety of the electric tool, most electric tools are provided with anti-galloping protection circuits, the circuits can judge whether a switch is in a closed state when the electric tool is powered on, and if the switch is in the closed state, a controller of the electric tool prohibits the electric tool from being started, so that the electric tool is prevented from being suddenly started to cause the release of hands under the state of no preparation by an operator, and damage to a workpiece or a human body is caused.
Along with the rapid development of new energy, the portable electric tool is also more and more widely applied, in order to ensure the safe use of the battery pack, the service life suddenly drops or the battery pack is directly damaged due to the fact that the electric quantity of the battery pack is discharged, an under-voltage protection circuit is arranged on a control circuit of the portable electric tool, and the control circuit of the battery pack is cut off when the voltage of the battery pack is lower than a set value, so that the battery is prevented from being damaged due to overdischarged battery.
However, in practical application, when the under-voltage protection circuit and the anti-galloping protection circuit are applied simultaneously, the technical problem that the anti-galloping protection circuit fails in the under-voltage protection state occurs.
Fig. 1 shows a motor driving circuit commonly used at present, which is applied to an electric tool, a pin IN of a single chip microcomputer U2 is connected between voltage dividing resistors R1 and R2, the voltage on R2 is detected, and a zener diode D2 is used for under-voltage protection, so that the on voltage of the zener diode is the under-voltage protection voltage of a battery pack. Under normal conditions, a battery pack is installed when the switch S1 is disconnected, so that the positive pole B+ of the battery pack charges the first capacitor C1, the voltage of the first capacitor C1 is close to the voltage of the battery pack, when the switch S1 is closed, the triode Q2 is conducted, and then the triodes Q3 and Q1 are conducted, the singlechip U2 is electrically started, the voltage of R2 is detected, the triode Q3 is conducted, the first capacitor C1 is discharged, the voltage on the first capacitor C1 gradually drops to a balance point and then is stable when the B+ charges the first capacitor C1, meanwhile, the voltage on the resistor R2 also shows a descending trend and finally is stable at a lower voltage value, the singlechip U2 detects that the voltage on the resistor R2 is IN a descending trend through the pin IN, so that the electric tool is normally started, the MOS tube Q4 is controlled to be started, the motor M is started, the first capacitor C2 is kept IN a conducting state for a period of time when the switch S1 is disconnected or the battery pack is pulled out, and the voltage on the first capacitor C1 is kept IN a state, so that the first capacitor C1 is ready for zero-running.
The full-charge state voltage of a battery pack of a common electric tool is about 20V, the undervoltage protection voltage is about 13V, the steady-state voltage of a capacitor C1 is about 10V when the electric tool works normally, and when the voltage of the battery pack drops to the undervoltage protection voltage, a voltage-stabilizing diode cannot be conducted, so that a power supply circuit of a motor M and a singlechip U2 is disconnected, and the undervoltage protection function is realized.
However, the motor driving circuit has defects that when a user uses a battery pack to undervoltage protection, the circuit loses the anti-galloping function, the voltage of a capacitor C2 is also undervoltage protection voltage because the battery pack reaches the undervoltage state, after the battery pack is dismantled, the voltage of the capacitor C2 cannot enable a voltage stabilizing diode D2 to be conducted, and the transistors Q2 and Q3 cannot be driven to be conducted, so that the voltage of a capacitor C1 cannot be released and still remains at the undervoltage protection voltage of the battery pack, when the user installs a full battery pack on an electric tool again, when a switch S1 is in a closed state, the transistors Q2 and Q3 are directly conducted, meanwhile, a singlechip U2 is started and detects the voltage of a resistor R2, and the capacitor C1 has voltage originally, although the battery pack charges the battery pack, the discharging speed is higher, and the voltage of the capacitor C1 is lower than the undervoltage protection voltage of the battery pack, so that the voltage of the capacitor C1 still shows a descending trend, the voltage change of a resistor R2 detected by the singlechip U2 is still descending, and therefore the anti-galloping function is judged to be started, and the anti-galloping function is lost when the MOS protection circuit is driven normally.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the anti-galloping under-voltage protection circuit of the portable speed-adjustable electric tool is simpler and more reliable, and solves the technical problem that the anti-galloping function is lost after the under-voltage protection of a battery pack.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a portable speed-adjustable electric tool prevent galloping undervoltage protection circuit, includes detachable battery package, switch, singlechip and motor, battery package anodal, switch, motor establish ties, and the motor negative pole is grounded through a MOS pipe, and the MOS pipe is connected with the singlechip, is controlled by the singlechip, and battery package anodal is connected with the singlechip and supplies power to the singlechip, a serial communication port, be connected with a first triode between battery package anodal and the singlechip, this first triode's base is grounded through a second triode, and the base of second triode is connected with the negative pole of switch through a zener diode, and the switch anodal connects battery package anodal, battery package anodal still is connected with a first electric capacity through a current-limiting resistor, and this first electric capacity negative pole is grounded, and first electric capacity is connected with a detection pin of singlechip, and the singlechip detects the voltage variation of first electric capacity through detecting the pin, zener diode's anodal end is connected with a second electric capacity, and the negative pole ground of second electric capacity.
As a preferable scheme, the breakdown voltage of the zener diode is equal to the undervoltage protection voltage of the battery pack.
As a preferable scheme, a voltage management module is connected in series between the first triode and the singlechip.
The invention further solves the technical problems that: the anti-galloping under-voltage protection method for the portable speed-adjustable electric tool is simpler and more reliable, and solves the technical problem that the anti-galloping function is lost after the under-voltage protection of a battery pack.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the protection method of the anti-galloping under-voltage protection circuit adopts the anti-galloping under-voltage protection circuit of the portable speed-adjustable electric tool, the voltage of the first capacitor is continuously detected while the singlechip is started, and when the detected voltage of the first capacitor is in an increasing trend, the MOS tube is forbidden to be conducted; and when the measured voltage of the first capacitor does not change, allowing the MOS tube to be conducted.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the discharging process of the first capacitor in the anti-galloping circuit is canceled, so that the technical problems that the first capacitor cannot be normally discharged due to undervoltage protection of the circuit and the anti-galloping protection function is invalid are solved, the circuit structure is simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. Due to the simplification of the circuit, the first capacitor can select smaller capacity, so that the manufacturing cost is further reduced, and the electric quantity loss is reduced.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a conventional anti-galloping under-voltage protection circuit;
FIG. 2 is a runaway prevention under-voltage protection circuit according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown IN fig. 2, the anti-galloping undervoltage protection circuit of the portable speed-adjustable electric tool comprises a detachable battery pack, a switch S1, a single-chip microcomputer U2 and a motor M, wherein the battery pack positive electrode b+ is connected IN series with the switch S1 and the motor M, the negative electrode of the motor M is grounded through a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) tube Q4, the MOS tube Q4 is connected with the single-chip microcomputer U2 and controlled by the single-chip microcomputer U2, the battery pack positive electrode b+ is connected with the single-chip microcomputer U2 to supply power to the single-chip microcomputer U2, a first triode Q1 is connected between the battery pack positive electrode b+ and the single-chip microcomputer U2, the base electrode of the first triode Q1 is grounded through a second triode Q2, the base electrode of the second triode Q2 is connected with the negative electrode of the switch S1 through a voltage stabilizing diode D2, the positive electrode of the switch S1 is connected with the battery pack positive electrode b+ and the battery pack positive electrode b+ through a current limiting resistor R1, the first capacitor C1 negative electrode is grounded, the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 is connected with a detection pin IN of the single-chip microcomputer U2 through a voltage stabilizing diode C2, and the voltage stabilizing diode C2 is connected with the positive electrode C2 of the voltage stabilizing diode is connected with the second capacitor IN.
IN this embodiment, a second resistor R2 is further connected to the negative electrode of the first capacitor C1, the negative electrode of the second resistor R2 is grounded, and the detection pin IN of the single chip microcomputer U2 is connected between the second resistor R2 and the first capacitor C1.
The switch S1 is a main switch for controlling the power supply of the singlechip U2, when the switch S1 is closed, the second triode Q2 and the first triode Q1 are sequentially conducted, so that the singlechip U2 is powered on and works, and the singlechip U2 detects the positive voltage of the first capacitor C1 through the detection pin IN.
When the battery pack is installed on the electric tool when the switch S1 is opened, the battery pack charges the first capacitor C1 preferentially and fully charges the first capacitor C1 in an extremely short time, the time for charging the first capacitor C1 is not more than 1S, and the battery pack can be fully charged in 0.5S generally, so that the voltage of the positive end of the first capacitor C1 can be kept balanced, and after the switch S1 is closed, the voltage of the first capacitor C1 detected by the singlechip U2 is unchanged, so that the MOS tube Q4 is controlled to be conducted, and the motor M is started. When the switch S1 is closed, the battery pack simultaneously charges the second capacitor C2. When the switch S1 is normally turned off, the second capacitor C2 discharges to maintain the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 on for a period of time until the positive voltage of the second capacitor C2 is less than the on voltage of the zener diode D2, and the first capacitor C1 is maintained in a full charge state because the battery pack is not removed, and the voltage is kept consistent with the battery pack voltage.
When the user closes the switch S1 again, the first capacitor C1 is still in a full state, and the voltage is kept unchanged, so that the voltage result of the first capacitor C1 detected by the singlechip U2 is still kept constant, the singlechip U2 judges that the current electric tool is normally started, and the MOS tube Q4 is controlled to be conducted, so that the motor M is started.
When the user normally uses the electric tool and the battery pack voltage is greater than the turn-on voltage of the zener diode D2, if the battery pack is suddenly lost due to the battery pack fault, the second capacitor C2 discharges to maintain the turn-on state of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2, so that the first capacitor C1 discharges rapidly, at this time, the single chip microcomputer U2 detects that the voltage of the first capacitor C1 drops rapidly, and can cut off the MOS transistor Q4 according to the change to start the fault protection mechanism, so that the protection circuit in this embodiment also has the functions of battery pack fault detection and protection. Even if the single-chip microcomputer U2 does not start a fault protection mechanism or set the function when the voltage of the first capacitor C1 is reduced, the voltage of the first capacitor C1 can be increased again when the battery pack is powered back, and the single-chip microcomputer U2 can trigger the anti-galloping protection function.
When the output voltage of the battery pack is lower than the conducting voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode D2, the positive voltage of the second capacitor C2 is also reduced to the conducting voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode D2 at the same time, the second triode Q2 is disconnected, the first triode Q1 is disconnected, the singlechip U2 loses power, the MOS tube Q4 is disconnected, the motor M stops running, the positive voltage of the first capacitor C1 is reduced to be lower than the conducting voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode D2 at the moment, a user possibly forgets to disconnect the switch S1 to charge the battery pack, after the charging is finished, when the user installs the battery pack on the electric tool again, the voltage of the battery pack is increased, the first capacitor C1 is continuously charged, and the singlechip U2 detects the voltage of the capacitor C1 at the same time when the battery pack is installed, and the voltage of the capacitor C1 is rising because the battery pack is charging the capacitor C1, at the moment, the singlechip U2 judges that the electric tool is not started according to the detection result, and the MOS tube Q4 is normally disconnected, so that the anti-galloping function is realized.
In this embodiment, the breakdown voltage (also referred to as "on voltage") of the zener diode D2 is equal to the under-voltage protection voltage of the battery pack, so that the battery pack can be protected from being damaged due to overdischarge of the battery pack.
In this embodiment, a voltage management module U1 is connected in series between the first triode Q1 and the single-chip microcomputer U2, so as to improve the power supply stability of the single-chip microcomputer U2 and improve the working stability of the single-chip microcomputer U2.
The method for carrying out the anti-galloping under-voltage protection on the electric tool by adopting the anti-galloping under-voltage protection circuit comprises the following steps:
continuously detecting the voltage of the first capacitor C1 while starting the singlechip U2, and prohibiting the MOS tube Q4 from being conducted when the detected voltage of the first capacitor C1 is in an increasing trend; when the measured voltage of the first capacitor C1 does not change, the MOS transistor Q4 is allowed to be turned on.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and some of the applied embodiments, and are not intended to limit the invention; it should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept, and these are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a portable speed-adjustable electric tool prevent galloping undervoltage protection circuit, includes detachable battery package, switch, singlechip and motor, battery package anodal, switch, motor establish ties, and the motor negative pole is grounded through a MOS pipe, and the MOS pipe is connected with the singlechip, is controlled by the singlechip, and battery package anodal is connected with the singlechip and supplies power to the singlechip, a serial communication port, be connected with a first triode between battery package anodal and the singlechip, this first triode's base is grounded through a second triode, and the base of second triode is connected with the negative pole of switch through a zener diode, and the switch anodal connects battery package anodal, battery package anodal still is connected with a first electric capacity through a current-limiting resistor, and this first electric capacity negative pole is grounded, and first electric capacity negative pole is connected with a detection pin of singlechip, and the singlechip detects the voltage variation of first electric capacity through detecting the pin, zener diode's anodal end is connected with a second electric capacity, and the negative pole ground of second electric capacity.
2. The anti-galloping under-voltage protection circuit for a portable adjustable speed power tool of claim 1, wherein the voltage stabilizing diode has a breakdown voltage equal to a battery pack under-voltage protection voltage.
3. The anti-galloping under-voltage protection circuit applied to the portable speed-adjustable electric tool as recited in claim 1, wherein a voltage management module is connected in series between the first triode and the singlechip.
4. The protection method based on the anti-galloping under-voltage protection circuit of claim 2 is characterized in that the voltage of the first capacitor is continuously detected while the singlechip is started, and when the detected voltage of the first capacitor is in a rising trend, the MOS tube is forbidden to be conducted; and when the measured voltage of the first capacitor does not change, allowing the MOS tube to be conducted.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311200064.1A CN117039809A (en) | 2023-09-18 | 2023-09-18 | Anti-galloping under-voltage protection circuit and method for portable speed-adjustable electric tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311200064.1A CN117039809A (en) | 2023-09-18 | 2023-09-18 | Anti-galloping under-voltage protection circuit and method for portable speed-adjustable electric tool |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117039809A true CN117039809A (en) | 2023-11-10 |
Family
ID=88637519
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311200064.1A Pending CN117039809A (en) | 2023-09-18 | 2023-09-18 | Anti-galloping under-voltage protection circuit and method for portable speed-adjustable electric tool |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117039809A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-09-18 CN CN202311200064.1A patent/CN117039809A/en active Pending
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