CN1170397C - IPV4 network logon layered switching network method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for processing data packets in an IPV4 network logon layered switching network so that an IPV4 network is transparently accessed into a layered switching network. The present invention processes and transmits data packets by adopting a method for configuring tunnels automatically. A configuring server is arranged in the layered switching network, and an address mapping table is arranged in the configuring server for storing the mapping relationship of the IPV4 address of a host of an external IPV4 switching network and the fringe port address used when the host is accessed into the layered switching network. When data packets reach the fringe port of the layered switching network from the IPV4 network, the IPV4 data packets are sealed and packed by the fringe port according to a target fringe port address indicated by corresponding relationship. The packed data packets are transmitted by the layered switching network and are unsealed when the data packets reach the target fringe port.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the packet encapsulation method of Chinese patent application 03120998.X hierarchical switched network (Hierarchically SwitchedNetwork is hereinafter to be referred as HSNet), the processing method of packet during specifically a kind of IPv4 network insertion HSNet.
Background technology:
Internet becomes the unified platform of carrying multiple business day by day, but its structure and some basic principles can not guarantee that it can satisfy the different requirements of different business to service quality.For the network that connects different structure and guarantee its robustness, Internet has adopted principles such as dynamic routing, connectionless, (best-effort) service of doing one's best, and these technology and principle are the assurances that Internet obtains immense success.
Along with the success of Internet, loaded service kind is more and more on it, and the service quality of requirement (Quality ofService is called for short QoS) also becomes varied.Some basic principles of Internet and quality of services for users require to have produced bigger contradiction.In order to solve the problem that Internet faces, some scheme has been carried.Reserve (Integrated Services/Resource ReservationProtocol as the integrated service/resource that proposes at guaranteeing service quality, abbreviation IntServ/RSVP), Differentiated Services (Differentiated Services, abbreviation DiffServ), multi protocol label exchange (Multi-Protocol Label Switching is called for short MPLS) etc.But the introducing of these schemes makes Internet become increasingly complex, and not necessarily can guarantee service quality, and its basic reason is separating of network topology structure and IP address.Therefore, the architecture of Internet need change with the variation that adapts to applied environment and new requirement.The HSNet (see figure 1) is utilized the traditional routing operations of method cancellation of tree topology and the strict coupling of address layer aggregated(particle) structure, and promptly the address of hierarchical switched network not only has NAPT function, also has positioning function.The NAPT function of hierarchical switched network address is used for the main frame in the marked network, and positioning function is used for indicating the position of main frame in network.
Fig. 1 is a hierarchical switched network topological structure schematic diagram.HSNet among Fig. 1 is divided into four levels, and (contents such as addressing mode about the notion of the division of level, nodes domains, logical links, edge port, exchange field, hierarchical switched network main frame etc. can be referring to Chinese patent application 03120998.X.Wherein:
(A) be the network (as Internet) of operation IPv4;
(B) be tunnel preparation server, link to each other with the root node territory of HSNet in this example that the tunnel configuration server also can be arranged on other nodes domains and link to each other;
(D
1) be nodes domains, be the rhizosphere of HSNet;
(D
11), (D
12), (D
111), (D
112), (D
121), (D
1111), (D
1121), (D
1122), (D
1211) all be nodes domains;
(ANi) be Access Network i (i=1,2,3,4,5,6), Access Network can be the network of operation IPv4, also can be the network of operation IPv6;
(L
11) be nodes domains (D
1) descending logical links 1;
(L
128) be nodes domains (D
1) descending logical links 28;
(L
12) be nodes domains (D
1) descending logical links 2;
(L
111) be nodes domains (D
11) descending logical links 1;
(L
121) be nodes domains (D
12) descending logical links 1;
(L
1111) be nodes domains (D
111) descending logical links 1;
(L
1211) be nodes domains (D
121) descending logical links 1;
(L
11111) be nodes domains (D
1111) descending logical links 1;
(L
11211) be nodes domains (D
1121) descending logical links 1;
(L
11221) be nodes domains (D
1122) descending logical links 1;
(L
12111) be nodes domains (D
1211) descending logical links 1;
(L
12112) be nodes domains (D
1211) descending logical links 2.
Fig. 2 be nodes domains structure with form schematic diagram, shown in nodes domains be (D among Fig. 1
1211).Wherein:
(L
Up) be the up logical links of nodes domains, for the up logical links in non-root node territory, promptly be a certain descending logical links of its father field, (L
Up) be exactly the logical links (L among Fig. 1
1211);
(L
12111) be nodes domains (D
1211) descending logical links 1;
(L
12112) be nodes domains (D
1211) descending logical links 2;
(S
1), (S
2), (S
3), (S
4) be respectively the switch 1,2,3,4 in the nodes domains.
The deployment of HSNet and current IP v4 network have identical point to the transition of IPv6 network.The proposition of IPv6 is being eliminated the IPv4 address day by day in the tcam-exhaustion substantially, also brought as how reasonably cost will have the problem of IPv4 network now to IPv6 migration, transition.IPv4 is a very complicated process to the transition of IPv6, and it has influenced the operation of network a plurality of aspects from the link layer to the application layer.Though the architecture that HSNet adopts is different with IPv6, also face the problem how compatibility has a large amount of IPv4 networks now.
IPv4 is broadly divided into two stages to the transient process of IPv6.Phase I is the initial stage of transition, IPv4 node, service and routing facilities etc. account for the overwhelming majority of Internet resources at this moment, mainly be meant in this stage compatibility between the two to guarantee that a spot of IPv6 node can use a large amount of existing IPv4 Internet resources, comprise by the IPv4 routing facilities realize between the isolated IPv6 site write to each other and the IPv6 host access based on the service of IPv4 etc.; Node, service and the routing facilities that second stage is IPv6 accounts for the major part of Internet resources, and this stage then mainly need guarantee can to use between a spot of IPv4 node the IPv6 routing facilities to realize the service based on IPv6 of interconnection and IPv4 node visit.
" Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers " (RFC2398 of R.Gilligan, E.Nordmark, in August, 2000) disclosed fundamental mechanism and the method that the existing IPv4 network of the node utilization that moves IPv6 is realized intercoming mutually, comprising: dual stack (Dual IP Layer), configured tunneling technique (ConfiguredTunneling of IPv6-over-IPv4) and automatic tunnel (Automatic Tunneling of IPv6-over-IPv4).Wherein the dual stack method reaches the complete compatibility of two kinds of agreements by realize two kinds of agreements of IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously at node; Configured tunneling technique and automatic tunnel are realized communicating to connect between the IPv6 node by (being called tunneling technique) in the IPv6 data envelope threading IPv4 packet passed through the IPv4 network.B.Carpenter, K.Moore are at " Connection of IPv6 Domain via IPv4 Clouds " (RFC3056, February calendar year 2001) having proposed a kind of need not in explicitly sets up the tunnel and realizes the method that interconnects between the IPv6 website being called 6to4 mechanism by the IPv4 network.
In the above method, dual stack is two kinds of the most direct, effective methods of procotol compatibility, and its greatest problem is to need to use two kinds of global addresses (IPv6 and IPv4 address).Day by day in short supply along with the IPv4 address is that the scheme of two global addresses of network node configures is difficult to realize.Tunneling technique is that present IPv4 is to the first interim common method of IPv6 transient process.Just adopted this technology as 6Bone (http://www.6bone.net), the network equipment and the main frame of operation IPv6 have been coupled together by the IPv4 network facilities.The method that realizes the tunnel is a lot, as manual configuration tunnel, automatic configured tunneling technique etc.But on the IPv4 network, all be more loaded down with trivial details process, particularly when the tunnel number is increased to a certain degree for IPv6 configuration and management tunnel.Automatic tunnel and 6to4 are similar a bit, can automatically set up the tunnel, but they realize that the automatic foundation in tunnel needs a precondition, promptly needs to have the address of special format: requiring the IPv6 address of tunnel end as the automatic tunnel method is compatible IPv4 address format (IPv4-Compatible-IPv6 Address); Then requiring the 6to4 node to have with 2002 ∷/16 in the 6to4 method is the address format of prefix.Simultaneously, there is certain safety problem in the required relay router (Relay Router) of 6to4 method, can't eliminate the IP address spoofing phenomenon when realizing the tunnel neatly.
The deployment of HSNet also needs progressively to carry out stage by stage.Different with the deployment of IPv6 network, the just individual in the early stage backbone network of HSNet, function is pellucidly the packet (IPv4 or IPv6 form) that enters HSNet from user access networks intactly to be delivered to another user access networks.Therefore, initial stage that HSNet disposes need not the IPv4-IPv6 conversion function.If that the Access Network operation is IPv4, the 4 byte destination addresses that then enter the IPv4 packet of HSNet edge port (Chinese patent application 03120998.X is seen in the definition of edge port) can't be pressed the explanation of level address by the HSNet switch, can the IPv4 data be encapsulated by the method that adopts transparent tunnel; If that the user access networks operation is IPv6, because the packet of HSNet internal transmission is the IPv6 form, just therefore need not to do the network that any special processing can be delivered to packet the destination host place.Tunnel approach among the HSNet is different with the tunnel of present IPv6 Over IPv4 or IPv4 Over IPv6: first, the tunnel of HSNet is not open-minded between 2 that know in advance or multiple spot regularly, thereby the impossible good all parameters for tunnel of configured in advance, this is because the communication object of an IPv4 Access Network main frame may be the main frame of any one IPv4 Access Network of HSNet, also may be any one IPv4 network in the world; The second, the tunnel of HSNet only is present in HSNet inside, does not therefore need the user of IPv4 Access Network or keeper to participate in any work.The process of setting up the tunnel when this two characteristics have determined HSNet transmission IPv4 bag simultaneously can not be by manually finishing, and can only automatically be finished by HSNet.
Two kinds of situations to sum up, the initial stage of HSNet is disposed the access that only relates to user network, and just the packet that pellucidly user access networks is entered is forwarded to another user access networks by HSNet, promptly HSNet can be regarded as a tunnel.Simultaneously, the deployment of HSNet is different with the deployment of IPv6 network, and it does not relate to the conversion of IPv4-IPv6 address.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is upward provides exchange capacity for existing IPv4 network at hierarchical switched network (HSNet).
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: the present invention encapsulates user data package by the edge port at HSNet, makes it arrive the purpose user network by HSNet pellucidly, and then arrives destination host.For transmitting user data bag pellucidly, the present invention introduces the tunnel configuration server and realizes obtaining automatically of tunnel end address in HSNet in addition, thereby supports developing and managing automatically of tunnel.Below to HSNet encapsulation with the situation of encapsulation process, tunnel configuration server and the edge port local cache of ipv6 header form, IPv4 packet and how to set up the tunnel automatically and the IPv4 packet is encapsulated or the technical scheme of dismounting describes respectively.HSNet encapsulation ipv6 header form
The rely address of exchange of HSNet is the address of IPv6 form, so HSNet needed encapsulate packet with ipv6 header in transmission IPv4 when bag.HSNet encapsulates IPv4 bag, just utilizes encapsulation header that packet is delivered to the purpose edge port and provides necessary priority and safety to support, so it is not strict identical with ipv6 header to encapsulate used ipv6 header form.Only need source address, destination address, show that the notebook data bag is the wrapper or the sign of real IPv6 bag and can be used for QoS control, traffic engineering, Virtual Private Network (Virtual PrivateNetwork, be called for short VPN), outside the relevant field such as network security, remainder can omit.In addition, the switches at different levels of HSNet only exchange and transmit the IPv6 bag, only use its basic header, do not handle extension header, and therefore the part of encapsulation only relates to basic header.The basic package head format of IPv6 is seen Fig. 3, and the IPv4 packet that arrives HSNet is when arriving edge port, and edge port is responsible for using this header format that it is encapsulated.Wherein:
(301) Version is 4 a version number, can be 4 or 6.Different values by this field make HSNet
Switch can differentiate pure IPv6 packet and the IPv6 packet that has encapsulated the IPv4 packet
Come;
(302) Traffic Class is 8 a communication stream type, is used for the QoS control of Differentiated Services;
(303) Flow Label is 20 the number of failing to be sold at auction, and is used for label switched;
(304) Payload Length is 16 a payload length.Maximum can represent 65535, and unit is a byte.
Payload is represented the length of data except that the basic header of the fixed length of 40 bytes;
(305) Next Header is next header address of 8.Owing to the basic header that has only that transmits among the HSNet
IPv6 formatted data bag, thus this field generally need not, be changed to 0;
(306) Hop Limit is 16 a jumping limit field.Because HSNet adopts tree, in HSNet
Therefore can not produce the loop, needn't limit abandoning useless in network of going around for a long time with jumping figure
Bag is so this field is changed to 0;
(307) Source Address is 128 a source address;
(308) Destination Address is 128 a destination address.
The encapsulation of IPv4 packet
The IPv4 packets need that enters HSNet encapsulates at edge port, during encapsulation with IPv6 form shown in Figure 3 as encapsulation header.The field that expands with bracket among Fig. 3 can, promptly be set to complete 0.When utilizing basic header to encapsulate the IPv4 packet, each field of head is filled by following mode.
Version: this field fills in 4, represents that this is an encapsulation header that encapsulates the IPv4 bag, and purpose is distinguished the IPv4 bag of encapsulation with the IPv6 packet of standard.Because all in the HSNet backbone network data packets for transmission or controlling packet, have only pure IPv6 form and be encapsulated as two types of the IPv4 forms of IPv6.
Traffic Class: the information reproduction of COS TOS in the IPv4 packet (Type of Service) field is come, do QoS control and use.If this value is not 0, because the TOS of IPv4 is the same with the communication stream type of IPv6, and all be 8, the HSNet switch can come control data to wrap in transmission quality in the level switching network according to the every implication of TOS field among the IPv4.
Flow Label: this field need not, be changed to 0.In HSNet,, therefore there is no need to adopt again any type of label switched owing to replaced route with exchange.
Payload Length: the total length of inserting entire I Pv4 packet.The value of total length adopts the value of " total length (Total the Length) " field in the IPV4 header, and unit is a byte.In the IPv4 packet, two length fields are arranged: one is " internet header length (Internet Header Length is called for short IHL) ", and it is the length that unit represents IPV4 header with 4 bytes (32); Another is exactly " total length (Total Length) ", and this total length is the total length of data packets that comprises header and user data, thereby has represented entire I Pv4 length of data package.Should be noted that, if all link maximum transmission units (Maximum TransferUnit on the IPv4 data packet transmission path, be called for short MTU) size can both contain entire I Pv4 packet, the transmission of number pick bag just needn't burst, this total length is initial IP v4 length of data package just; If the IPv4 length of data package greater than the MTU of certain link on its transmission path, then will be carried out burst to the IPv4 bag.At this moment, this total length in the IPV4 header is not the total length of initial IP v4 packet, but the total length of the IPv4 message fragment behind the burst.For HSNet,, can regard a common IPv4 bag as no matter be IPv4 message sheet behind initial IP v4 bag or the burst.Because the exchange of HSNet switch is the frame of IP bag rather than frame relay FR (Frame Relay), Ethernet (Ethernet) or High-Level Data Link Control HDLC data link layers such as (High level Data Link Control), so no matter whether the IP that it is received bag is by burst, its length all can not surpass the MTU (1500 byte) of Ethernet.The switch of HSNet is a particular design, and its MTU can be designed to comprise the maximum load length (1500 byte) of Ethernet and the total length (1540 byte) of IPv6 encapsulation header (40 byte).Like this, in the HSNet switch, just avoid the process of packet partition and assembling, helped improving efficient and the speed of HSNet.
Next Header: need not, be changed to 0.As previously described, the just basic header of IPv6 that encapsulation IPv4 packet uses among the HSNet does not use extension header.If but this field is set to certain particular value, then can be used as the package identification of encapsulation IPv4 packet.
Hop Limit: need not, be changed to 0.
Source Address:16 byte, the edge port address that the padding data bag uses when entering HSNet.
Destination Address:16 byte is filled the purpose edge port address of packet being sent HSNet, and the acquisition methods of purpose edge port address is referring to following " the automatic foundation in tunnel and encapsulation, the dismounting of an IPv4 packet " joint.
Tunnel configuration server and edge port local cache
In HSNet inside the tunnel configuration server is set, the tunnel configuration server generally is located at the root node territory of HSNet, also some copies can be set simultaneously in other nodes domains.Establish address mapping table in the tunnel configuration server, be used for the mapping relations of edge port address of using when inserting HSNet, IPv4 address of the user network of storage running IPv4 or main frame.The tunnel configuration server is transparent to user network, and the edge port of HSNet needs the address of configured tunneling technique configuration server, so that can have access to the tunnel configuration server.The address of tunnel configuration server is nodes domains home address (seeing Chinese patent application 03120998.X), as long as know the nodes domains territory number and the type of server at its place, just can have access to it.
The configuration effort of tunnel configuration server mainly comprises the generation and the management of address mapping table.If the user network that inserts is an IPv6 network, then do not write down this user network for information about in the address mapping table; If when the user network that inserts is the IPv4 network, need to preserve form address mapping relation record as shown in Figure 4 in the address mapping table.Fig. 4 is the form that writes down in the address mapping table, wherein:
(401) AnAddress: Access Network networks/hosts address, IPv4 form;
(402) PreLen: Access Network networks/hosts address prefix length, unit is position (bit).For the IPv4 main frame,
PreLen is 32;
(403) BPAddress: edge port address, IPv6 form.
(404) IdleTime: the time that expression record has passed since the last time is accessed, unit is hour.
Can there be many records in user access networks in address mapping table, the Access Network that promptly is connected to an edge port can comprise a plurality of IPv4 networks or main frame.In address mapping table, the expression employing of User IP v4 networks/hosts address and CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing is called for short CIDR) similar mode, the i.e. form of employing " network number/mask-length ".
Address mapping table must generate in advance, and the method for generation has artificial and automatic two kinds:
(1) the manual mapping table that generates: promptly by the HSNet network management personnel manual in address mapping table, add edge port with
The corresponding relation of the User IP v4 networks/hosts address that connects, edge port should ban use of automatic listen mode (to see (2)
Automatically generate mapping table);
(2) generate mapping table automatically: promptly finish, at this moment the edge port worker by edge port and the cooperation of tunnel configuration server
Make in automatic listen mode.The IPv4 address that edge port is found user network by the listen for user network also
To the report of tunnel configuration server, tunnel server adds the mapping relations of edge port report to it then
In the address mapping table.The operation principle of the automatic listen mode of edge port and Ethernet switch are intercepted online master
The MAC Address of machine is similar.Particularly, when edge port works in automatic listen mode, whenever receive one
Individual IPv4 packet, just the IPv4 source address in the record data packet header; If this IPv4 source address is new, then
Address mapping relation is set up in the IPv6 address of IPv4 address and edge port, and these mapping relations are sent to tunnel
The road configuration server.
The management work of address mapping table is mainly by inserting, revise, deleting.When a certain user access networks insert HSNet, can manually or automatically add corresponding map addresses information according to the difference of the mode of operation of access edge port.After user access networks and being connected of HSNet are cancelled, must manually delete corresponding clauses and subclauses in the address mapping table, consider that the frequency that this dismounting takes place can be very not high, therefore manual complexity can be too not high; When the IPv4 address that edge port works in automatic listen mode and user access networks changes, the IPv4 address that edge port can be new with user access networks and the mapping relations of port are from the report of trend tunnel configuration server, and the original IPv4 address of using of user access networks this moment and the mapping relations of edge port be should give deletion.The method of deletion both can manually be deleted, and also long-term (for example, TTL ((404) territory among Fig. 4) value reaches the several months) not accessed record can be deleted automatically.
Edge port at HSNet is provided with buffer (cache), temporarily preserves the mapping relations of known User IP v4 address of this edge port and the employed edge port IPv6 of its access HSNet address.The purpose that buffer is set in the edge port mainly is for raising the efficiency, and edge port needn't all be inquired about the IPv6 address of its purpose edge port for each IPv4 packet that enters HSNet to tunnel server like this.
The management of buffer mainly comprises packing into of data and replaces.The buffer data are incorporated with two approach: approach is to pack into from the IPv4 address that tunnel server returns and the mapping relations of edge port IPv6 address; Another approach is to carry out when packet is carried out dismounting, promptly to HSNet arrive the purpose edge port carrying out the packet of encapsulation, the IPv4 source address of the IPv4 packet of source address and its encapsulation in its IPv6 encapsulation header is set up mapping relations, and these mapping relations edge port local cache of packing into.In addition because capacity register is limited, therefore need certain replacement policy guarantee that it has higher hit rate: each the address mapping relation clauses and subclauses in the buffer all be provided with one life cycle (Time-to-Live, TTL) numerical value, the purpose that TTL is set are in order to adapt to the dynamic change of Access Network; TTL numerical value successively decreases in time, and ttl field equals 0 record and can at first be replaced; Map addresses clauses and subclauses in the buffer also should be carried out suitable compiling in addition, so that reduce record count.The concrete form of map addresses record is seen Fig. 5 in the edge port local caches.Wherein:
(501) AnAddress: Access Network networks/hosts address, IPv4 form;
(502) PreLen: Access Network networks/hosts address prefix length is 32 during for the IPv4 main frame;
(503) BPAddress: edge port address, IPv6 form;
(504) TTL: the life cycle of record, unit is second;
The automatic foundation in tunnel and encapsulation, the dismounting of IPv4 packet
The edge port of HSNet is responsible for setting up the tunnel automatically so that transmitting user data bag pellucidly.
(1) when the packet that arrives edge port (hereinafter to be referred as the source edge port) from user access networks is the IPv6 form, the source
Edge port is not done any change to the IPv6 packet, directly puts it into forwarding queue.
(2) if the packet that arrives is the IPv4 form, the source edge port at first in local cache, search whether exist with
The corresponding record in packet rs destination IPv4 address.If corresponding record is arranged in the buffer memory, then from record, obtain
Get the IPv6 address of destination edge port; If no corresponding record, then source edge port in the local cache
Destination address with the IPv4 packet is the IPv6 ground of keyword to tunnel configuration server lookup purpose edge port
The location.If corresponding record is arranged in the address mapping table of tunnel configuration server, then returns the purpose edge port
The IPv6 address; Otherwise return the IPv6 address of a default tunnel terminal edge port, this address is HSNet
Connect the edge port (friendship of using when nodes domains D1 connects A among Fig. 1 of IPv4 outer net (network shown in the A among Fig. 1)
The port of changing planes) IPv6 address.The source edge port just uses the IPv6 address of returning as destination address then, uses
The IPv6 address of oneself is as source address, with decimal number 4 as " Version " field ((301) territory among Fig. 3)
Value, and other field (seeing 2) of suitably filling in the IPv6 encapsulation header are sealed the IPv4 packet as payload
Put into the IPv6 packet and put it into forwarding queue.
Particularly, it is as follows to obtain the step of tunnel terminal edge port address:
(1) the source edge port takes out the destination address of the IPv4 packet that enters HSNet;
(2) whether inquiry local caches, checking has the record of IPv4 address correspondence therewith.If have, obtain the purpose edge
Change (4) Port IP v6 address;
(3) executive address vlan query protocol VLAN, the request package of destination address structure with the IPv4 packet sends to the tunnel and joins
Put server, whether have corresponding in this its address mapping table of IPv4 address lookup of tunnel configuration server by utilizing
Record.If have, then return the IPv6 address of corresponding purpose edge port; If do not have, then return one default
The IPv6 address of tunnel terminal edge port, this address is the limit that HSNet uses when connecting external IP v4 network
The IPv6 address of acies mouth.The source edge port is with this purpose edge port IPv6 address or default edge that returns
Port IP v6 address and packet IPv4 destination address are set up mapping relations, add local caches to;
(4) the IPv6 address with the source edge port is a source address, with the purpose edge port that obtains or default edge port
The IPv6 address is as destination address (tunnel end) encapsulation IPv4 packet.
When packet arrives the purpose edge port through HSNet, need carry out different processing according to the value of data head " Version " field ((301) territory among Fig. 3).If value is 4, represent that this packet encapsulates, the payload of this packet is a complete IPv4 packet; This moment, the purpose edge port was then removed the header of IPv6 packet, promptly obtained IPv4 number pick bag, and it is forwarded to the user network that edge port inserts; And the source address of this IPv6 packet and the source address in its payload IPv4 packet header are set up address mapping relation, add in the purpose edge port local caches.If the value of " Version " field equals 6, the expression packet is that edge port directly is forwarded to the user access networks that connected with this packet not through the pure IPv6 bag of encapsulation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows to make existing IPv4 network readezvous point, access level formula switching network neatly, make any configuration operation and need not user network.The present invention has overcome existing IPv4-IPv6 tunnel approach configuration and problems such as complexity of managing and special format address limitation, by edge port user data package is encapsulated at HSNet, make it arrive the purpose user network by HSNet pellucidly, and then arrive destination host.For transmitting user data bag pellucidly, the present invention introduces the tunnel configuration server and realizes obtaining automatically of tunnel end address in HSNet, thereby supports developing and managing automatically of tunnel.In addition, among the HSNet foundation in tunnel different with method of operation with the 6to4 tunneling mechanism because the HSNet edge port knows the information that it connects user network, so can realize that the packet filtering strategy is to eliminate the possible of address spoofing flexibly.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1. hierarchical switched network topological structure schematic diagram
Fig. 2. the structure of nodes domains and composition schematic diagram
Fig. 3 .HSNet is with the basic header format of IPv6
Fig. 4. address mapping table record format in the tunnel configuration server
Fig. 5 edge port local caches record format
Embodiment: further specify below in conjunction with embodiment
If HSNet shown in Figure 1 has applied for the global unicast address the compiled space of TLA=(1000000000000) 2, then FP=(001) 2, and we create 4 levels in by preceding 8 32 bit spaces of forming of whole NLA and SLA.Being the exchange field fixed length of each level, is 8 (can use variable-length field, easier for for example the time here, use fixed-length field).Subscript among the figure in each nodes domains name is the inheritance of representative domain from left to right, as nodes domains (D
1211) be nodes domains (D
121) subdomain, (D
121) be (D
12) subdomain, (D
12) be (D
1) subdomain, by (D
121) logical links (L
1211) connection (D
1211), (D
12) logical links (L
121) connection (D
121), (D
1) logical links (L
12) connected node territory (D
12) etc.Wherein, TLA is the top Top-Level Aggregation that converges, and NLA is that next stage converges Next-Level Aggregation, and SLA is site-level abbreviation of converging Site-Level Aggregation.
The concrete configuration of the address prefix of each nodes domains and exchange field among Fig. 1 sees Table 1:
| Nodes domains | Address prefix | Exchange field (start bit/length) |
| D 1 | 0x3000:00∷/24 | 24/8 |
| D 11 | 0x3000:0001∷/32 | 32/8 |
| D 12 | 0x3000:0002∷/32 | 32/8 |
| D 111 | 0x3000:0001:01∷/40 | 40/8 |
| D 112 | 0x3000:0001:02∷/40 | 40/8 |
| D 121 | 0x3000:0002:01∷/40 | 40/8 |
| D 1111 | 0x3000:0001:0101∷/48 | 48/8 |
| D 1121 | 0x3000:0001:0201∷/48 | 48/8 |
| D 1122 | 0x3000:0001:0202∷/48 | 48/8 |
| D 1211 | 0x3000:0002:0101∷/48 | 48/8 |
Table 1: each nodes domains address prefix and exchange field among the HSNet shown in Figure 1
Addressing rule (seeing Chinese patent application 03120998.X) according to hierarchical switched network, the address of the tunnel configuration server of (B) expression is by address prefix, the exchange field in institute access node territory complete 1, address style 4 expression servers, the type of server 2 expression tunnel configuration servers in institute access node territory among Fig. 1, and other field fills out 0.Then the address (128) of the tunnel configuration server of (B) expression is among Fig. 1:
0x3000:00FF:0000:0000:0000:0000:0400:0002。
According to the addressing rule of hierarchical switched network about the edge port address, the edge port address by the address prefix of nodes domains of living in, be that to point to switches and port thereof, address word segment value be that the numbering (SID) and the port numbering (PID) of switch formed under 0 SLA, the port for 1 affiliated nodes domains exchange field, address style 3 expressions entirely, all the other are 0 (about switch numbering SID, port numbering PID is referring to Chinese patent application 03120998.X).
Suppose (AN
1) and (AN
2) receive territory (D
1111), link to each other with 1, No. 2 port of No. 1 switch in the nodes domains respectively; (AN
3) and nodes domains (D
1121) link to each other, receive No. 1 port of its No. 1 switch: (AN
4) and (D
1122) the port one of No. 1 switch link to each other; (AN
5) and (AN
6vAccess node territory (D
1211), link to each other with No. 1 port of No. 2 switches 1, respectively.Exist the address of each edge port that is connected as shown in table 2 with Access Network among the HSNet then shown in Figure 1:
| Access Network | Nodes domains | Logical links | Address style | The switch numbering | Port numbers | The edge port address |
| AN 1 | D 1111 | L 11111 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0x3000:0001:0101:FF00∷0301:0001 |
| AN 2 | D 1111 | L 11111 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0x3000:0001:0101:FF00∷0301:0002 |
| AN 3 | D 1121 | L 11211 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0x3000:0001:0201:FF00∷0301:0001 |
| AN 4 | D 1122 | L 11221 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0x3000:0001:0202:FF00∷0301:0001 |
| AN 5 | D 1211 | L 12112 | 3 | 1 | 1 | Ox3000:0002:0101:FF00∷0301:0001 |
| AN 6 | D 1211 | L 12111 | 3 | 2 | 1 | Ox3000:0002:0101:FF00∷0302:0001 |
Table 2: each edge port address of HSNet shown in Figure 1
HSNet shown in Figure 1 by with nodes domains D
1No. 1 port of switch 1 connect the IPv4 outer net, suppose D
1The middle edge port address that connects outer net is: 0x3000:00FF ∷ 0301:0001.
Suppose that main frame H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 and H6 lay respectively at Access Network (AN
1), (AN
2), (AN
3), (AN
4), (AN
5), (AN
6) in, expression inserts the dissimilar main frames among the HSNet: H7 is arranged in the IPv4 outer net, expression Internet-IPv4 main frame.Suppose that again the Access Network address prefix that HSNet shown in Figure 1 connected and each host address are respectively shown in table 3 and table 4.
| Access Network | Type | Address prefix/prefix length |
| AN 1 | IPv4 | 192.168.1/24 |
| AN 2 | IPv6 | 0x3000:0001:0101:0100∷/64 |
| AN 3 | IPv4 | 192.168.2/24 |
| AN 4 | IPv6 | 0x3000:0001:0202:0100∷/64 |
| AN 5 | IPv4 | 192.168.3/24 |
| AN 6 | IPv6 | 0x3000:0002:0101:0200∷/64 |
Table 3: Access Network relevant data shown in Figure 1
| Main frame | Affiliated (access) net | Host address |
| H1 | AN 1 | 192.168.1.1 |
| H2 | AN 2 | 0x3000:0001:0101:0100:H1(EUI-64) |
| H3 | AN 3 | 192.168.2.1 |
| H4 | AN 4 | 0x3000:0001:0202:0100:H4(EUI-64) |
| H5 | AN 5 | 192.168.3.1 |
| H6 | AN 6 | 0x3000:0002:0101:0200:H6(EUI-64) |
| H7 | The IPv4 outer net | 10.1.1.1 |
Table 4: each host address
Suppose that the edge port that HSNet links to each other with Access Network works in manual mode, promptly the network management personnel adds relevant address mapping relation by hand in the tunnel server address mapping table.During assumed initial state in each edge port local caches without any the address mapping relation clauses and subclauses, it is as shown in table 5 that then Access Network is connected the content of address mapping table in the tunnel configuration server of back with HSNet.
| AnAddress | PreLen | BPAddress |
| 192.168.1.0 | 24 | 0x3000:0001:0101:FF00∷0301:0001 |
| 192.168.2.0 | 24 | 0x3000:0001:0201:FF00∷0301:0001 |
| 192.168.3.0 | 24 | 0x3000:0002:0101:FF00∷0301:0001 |
Table 5: address mapping table content in the tunnel configuration server
As previously mentioned, HSNet is a backbone network at the deployment initial stage, and its function is that the packet from Access Network is transferred to its destination belonging network by HSNet pellucidly; Simultaneously, the present invention realize to insert between the IPv4 main frame of HSNet by tunnel approach and IPv4 main frame and traditional Internet in communicating by letter between the main frame.So should use-case only consider the situation that two IPv4 main frames communicate by HSNet during design.With the communication between main frame H1 and the H3 is example, sends a packet with H1 to H3 and is illustrated, and communication process comprises following 8 steps:
(1) main frame H1 generates and goes to the edge port transmission IPv4 packet of H3.Packet is that the edge port of 0x3000:0001:0101:FF00 ∷ 0301:0001 enters HSNet from the address, and this port is arranged in nodes domains (D1111).For convenience's sake, below represent this edge port, refer to connect the edge port that Access Network AN1 uses with BP_AN1.
(2) BP_AN1 receives packet, and it is the IPv4 packet that root pick packet header " Version " field value is judged, and extracts its IPv4 destination address.
(3) BP_AN1 inquiry local caches, whether have and packet rs destination address 192.168.2.1 respective edges port address, then change (5) if having if checking.In this example, do not have the respective edges port address in the local caches, therefore carry out subsequently (4).
(4) be whether keyword has the respective edges port address to the tunnel configuration server lookup with the packet rs destination address.The tunnel configuration server always returns an edge port address this moment, or is IPv4 packet rs destination edge port IPv6 address, or is the default edge port IPv6 address that connects the IPv4 outer net.The tunnel configuration server returns purpose edge port address in this example: 0x3000:0001:0201:FF00 ∷ 0301:0001.Pairing edge port is for connecting Access Network (AN
3) be positioned at nodes domains (D
1121) edge port, represent with BP_AN3.
(5) edge port BP_AN1 encapsulates the IPv4 packet of receiving with header shown in Figure 3.Wherein,
Version: value is 4, is expressed as the IPv6 packet that has encapsulated the IPv4 packet;
Traffic Class: value is 0, or the direct copy of the TOS field of IPv4 packet header is come;
Flow Label: value is 0;
Payload Length: the direct copy of the value of " total length " field in the IPv4 packet header is come;
Next Header: value is 0;
Hop Limit: value is 0;
Source Address: be worth 0301:0001 for 0x3000:0001:0101:FF00 ∷;
Destination Address: be worth 0301:0001 for 0x3000:0001:0201:FF00 ∷;
Data are entire I Pv4 packet.
(6) HSNet by its exchange control and treatment method with packet along path, road (D
1111) → (D
111) → (D
11) → (D
112) → (D
1121) deliver to edge port BP_AN3.
(7) edge port BP_AN3 handles the packet that enters.According to the value of packet header " Version " field is 4 to judge and encapsulated an IPv4 packet in the packet that enters; Write down the source address 0x3000:0001:0101:FF00 ∷ 0301:0001 of this IPv6 packet, remove encapsulation, obtain the IPv4 packet with the basic header of IPv6; The IPv4 source address 192.168.1.1 of record IPv4 packet sets up mapping relations with IPv4 source address and IPv6 source address, deposits the local caches of BP_AN3 in; Then the IPv4 packet is sent to user access networks, i.e. (AN
3).
(8) Access Network (AN
3) the IPv4 packet that enters is delivered to main frame H3.
For reciprocal packet (giving H1) from H3, about the same with said process, the entry of address 192.168.1.1 and the purpose edge port 0x3000:0001:0101:FF00 ∷ 0301:0001 of destination host H1 has just been arranged in the local buffer, needn't inquire about the tunnel configuration server.
Claims (10)
1. the method for an IPv4 network insertion level formula switching network, when IPv4 network insertion level formula switching network, adopt the method for automatic configured tunneling technique that packet is handled and transmitted, it is characterized in that: the tunnel configuration server is set in hierarchical switched network inside; Be provided with address mapping table in the tunnel configuration server, the mapping relations of the edge port address of using when the IPv4 address of storage external access network main frame and access level formula switching network; Edge port is set up tunnel transmitting user data bag pellucidly automatically, promptly when packet when the IPv4 network arrives the edge port of hierarchical switched network, edge port encapsulates the IPv4 packet according to corresponding mapping relations purpose of indicating edge port address; Do not have corresponding record as address mapping table in the tunnel configuration server, then return the edge port that default hierarchical switched network connects the IPv4 outer net; Packet after the encapsulation transmits by hierarchical switched network, by the purpose edge port IPv6 packet that has encapsulated the IPv4 packet is sealed off when arriving the purpose edge port.
2. the method for IPv4 network insertion level formula switching network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the address mapping table of tunnel configuration server generates in advance, the mapping relations in the preservation Access Network between IPv4 main frame and the hierarchical switched network edge port; If the user network that inserts is an IPv6 network, then do not write down this user network for information about in the address mapping table; When edge port connect be an IPv4 network time, need to preserve the address mapping relation record in the address mapping table.
3. the method for IPv4 network insertion level formula switching network according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the edge port of hierarchical switched network is known the address of tunnel configuration server by configuration, so that can have access to the tunnel configuration server, and edge port can transmit the address mapping relation that listens to the tunnel configuration server.
4. the method for IPv4 network insertion level formula switching network according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the edge port at hierarchical switched network is provided with buffer, preserves the known outside Access Network IPv4 address of this edge port and its access level formula switching network and uses the mapping relations of edge port IPv6 address.
5. the method for IPv4 network insertion level formula switching network according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: when packet when external IP v4 net Access Network arrives the edge port of hierarchical switched network, this source edge port sets up the tunnel automatically so that transmitting user data bag pellucidly, promptly when the packet that arrives edge port from external IP v4 net is the IPv6 form, this edge port is not done any change to the IPv6 packet, directly puts it into forwarding queue; If the packet that arrives is the IPv4 form, then this edge port is to arrive the destination address inquiry local caches or the tunnel configuration server of IPv4 packet, obtain the IPv6 address of purpose network insertion level edge port that network uses, according to the purpose edge port address that obtains the IPv4 packet is encapsulated then, and the packet after will encapsulating transmits in hierarchical switched network.
6. the method for IPv4 network insertion level formula switching network according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: if the packet that arrives is the IPv4 form, the source edge port is at first searched the IPv6 address that whether exists with the corresponding edge port in purpose IPv4 address of packet in local cache; If there is not corresponding record in the local cache, then obtain the tunnel end address automatically by the tunnel configuration server, promptly the source edge port is the IPv6 address of keyword to tunnel configuration server lookup packet rs destination edge port with the destination address of IPv4 packet; If address mapping table has corresponding record in the tunnel configuration server, then return the IPv6 address of purpose edge port, otherwise tunnel server returns the edge port that a default hierarchical switched network connects the IPv4 outer net; The source edge port, as source address, encapsulates the IPv4 packet into the IPv6 packet and puts it into forwarding queue as payload with oneself IPv6 address as destination address with the IPv6 format address that returns.
7. the method for IPv4 network insertion level formula switching network according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: edge port carries out the header encapsulation to the IPv4 packet and adopts the ipv6 header form, and header comprises version number, class of service, payload length, source address, destination address field (DAF); Wherein version number field is distinguished the IPv4 bag of encapsulation and the IPv6 packet of standard; Traffic class field is as the control of service quality; Payload length field is inserted the total length of entire I Pv4 packet; The edge port address that source address field padding data bag uses when entering hierarchical switched network; Destination address field (DAF) is filled the purpose edge port address of packet being sent hierarchical switched network.
8. the method for IPv4 network insertion level formula switching network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the purpose edge port is sealed off the IPv6 packet that has encapsulated the IPv4 packet; When packet arrives the purpose edge port through hierarchical switched network, carry out different processing according to the packet head; If this packet has been carried out encapsulation, then the payload of this packet is the IPv4 packet, this moment, the purpose edge port was then removed the header of IPv6 packet, obtain the IPv4 packet, it is forwarded to the user network that edge port inserts, and the source address of this IPv6 packet and the source address in its payload IPv4 packet header are set up address mapping relation, add in the purpose edge port local caches; Otherwise the expression packet is the pure IPv6 bag that does not encapsulate the IPv4 packet, and edge port directly is forwarded to the user access networks that connected with this packet.
9. according to the method for claim 4 or 6 described IPv4 network insertion level formula switching networks, it is characterized in that: the edge port buffer is packed into from the data of IPv4 address that tunnel server returns and edge port IPv6 address mapping relation.
10. the method for IPv4 network insertion level formula switching network according to claim 8, it is characterized in that when edge port is sealed off the IPv6 packet, the IPv4 packet head source address of IPv6 packet head source address and its encapsulation is set up mapping relations, the data of these mapping relations edge port local cache of packing into, and upgrade local caches in view of the above.
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| CN100359876C (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2008-01-02 | 信息产业部电信研究院 | Realization of virtual special network in IP telecommunication network system |
| CN100361468C (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2008-01-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for realizing connection of private network connection device in connection network |
| CN100421407C (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2008-09-24 | 中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 | Separating and merging IPv6 address space of switching network in hierarchy mode |
| CN100413289C (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2008-08-20 | 清华大学 | Method for realizing IPv6 high performance interconnection based on P2P on IPv4 |
| CN101610223B (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-09-28 | 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 | Method and device for sending IPv4 flow in IPv6 network |
| CN102546845B (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2015-03-11 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | Business access method, device and system |
| CN104253876B (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2017-12-01 | 比威网络技术有限公司 | The mapping item and management method that stateful IPv6 communicates with IPv4 |
| CN115277190B (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2023-08-15 | 北京国领科技有限公司 | Method for realizing neighbor discovery on network by link layer transparent encryption system |
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