CN117039050A - Hydrogen storage and supply system purged by inert gas and method thereof - Google Patents
Hydrogen storage and supply system purged by inert gas and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117039050A CN117039050A CN202310968187.3A CN202310968187A CN117039050A CN 117039050 A CN117039050 A CN 117039050A CN 202310968187 A CN202310968187 A CN 202310968187A CN 117039050 A CN117039050 A CN 117039050A
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- freezing
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 275
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 275
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 269
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical compound [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen storage and supply system purged by inert gas and a method thereof, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy aircrafts. The invention uses the vaporized low-temperature hydrogen cooling capacity to cool and dehumidify the compressed air at the same time, and the integrated design greatly reduces the complexity of the system; the heat of the hydrogen air fuel cell is utilized to realize the regeneration of the freezing dehumidifier, thereby realizing the high-efficiency heat management of the hydrogen air fuel cell and reducing the extra heat loss; the membrane separator is adopted to divide air into oxygen-enriched gas and nitrogen-enriched gas, wherein the oxygen-enriched gas enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell to react, the operation efficiency is improved by improving the oxygen content, and the nitrogen-enriched gas carries out positive pressure purging on the liquid hydrogen storage tank and a matched system thereof, so that the overall safety of the storage and supply system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy aircrafts, in particular to a hydrogen storage and supply system purged by inert gas and a method thereof.
Background
Modern aircraft mainly use petroleum as fuel, the exhausted gas has serious damage to the ozone layer of the atmosphere, environmental pollution is caused, and the severe situation forces the world to actively develop alternative fuels, so various schemes are generated. The heat value of the hydrogen energy is higher than that of aviation kerosene in unit mass, and water is mainly produced in a combustion or electrochemical mode, so that the hydrogen energy has the characteristic of net zero emission, and the hydrogen energy becomes a hope of sustainable development of an energy system in the future.
One of the main modes of using hydrogen energy sources for the aircraft is to use the hydrogen energy sources as power sources of hydrogen air fuel cells, the fuel cells generate electric energy, a driving motor operates, and then the motor drives a propeller to provide forward power for the aircraft, so that the hydrogen energy sources can be widely used in the fields of small-sized branch aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles in consideration of the size, weight, cost, current technical level and other factors of equipment. In addition, the hydrogen air fuel cell has the advantages of cleanness, no pollution, high energy conversion rate and the like, and international old-fashioned car factories such as Toyota, korea modern, german and Benz put forward own fuel cell products in succession, and large factories such as national world, steam feeding, east wind and the like start to study the fuel cell.
The adoption of the hydrogen-air fuel cell as an aircraft power system has more problems to be solved urgently, such as leakage hidden danger of high-pressure hydrogen or liquid hydrogen stored on the aircraft, and high safety risk due to strong hydrogen diffusivity and low combustion (explosion) proportion; meanwhile, the operation efficiency of the hydrogen air fuel cell is affected by the oxygen content in the air, the adaptability of the hydrogen air fuel cell in a plateau or high-altitude area is poor, and the rapid popularization of the hydrogen air fuel cell in the aviation field is limited to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen storage and supply system and a hydrogen storage and supply method by purging inert gas, which are characterized in that the vaporized low-temperature hydrogen cooling capacity is utilized to dehumidify and cool air compressed by a compressor, the heat of a hydrogen air fuel cell is utilized to realize the regeneration of a freezing dehumidifier, and then a membrane separator is utilized to divide the air into oxygen-enriched gas and nitrogen-enriched gas, wherein the nitrogen-enriched gas purges a liquid hydrogen storage tank and a matched system thereof, the safety of the system is improved, and the oxygen-enriched gas enters the hydrogen air fuel cell to react, so that the operation efficiency of the cell is improved.
The invention aims at realizing the aim by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a hydrogen storage and supply system purged by inert gas, comprising an air separation pipeline, a first freezing dehumidifier, a second freezing dehumidifier, a positive pressure seal box, an evacuation valve, an air pipeline, a hydrogen-air fuel cell, a hydrogen pipeline and a coolant circulation pipeline;
the inside of the first freezing dehumidifier and the inside of the second freezing dehumidifier are respectively provided with a first channel and a second channel which can form heat exchange contact;
the front section of the air separation pipeline is sequentially connected with a compressor and a three-way valve, and the middle section of the air separation pipeline is divided into a first freezing dehumidification pipeline and a second freezing dehumidification pipeline through the three-way valve; the first freezing and dehumidifying pipeline is connected with a first channel of the first freezing and dehumidifying device, the second freezing and dehumidifying pipeline is connected with the first channel of the second freezing and dehumidifying device, and then the first freezing and dehumidifying pipeline and the second freezing and dehumidifying pipeline are combined again and are communicated with the rear section of the air separation pipeline; the rear section of the air separation pipeline is sequentially connected with a pressure regulator, a membrane separator, a nitrogen-rich valve and a positive pressure sealing box and is used for carrying out heat and humidity treatment and separation on external air;
one end of the positive pressure sealing box is connected with an air separation pipeline, the other end of the positive pressure sealing box is connected with an exhaust valve, a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a liquid hydrogen stop valve, a liquid hydrogen pump and a liquid hydrogen cold energy converter are arranged in the positive pressure sealing box, and the positive pressure state is maintained through the air separation pipeline and the exhaust valve;
the head end of the air pipeline is communicated with an air separation pipeline positioned between the compressor and the three-way valve, the tail end of the air pipeline is communicated with the hydrogen air fuel cell, and an air valve is arranged on the air pipeline; the membrane separator is communicated with the air pipeline through an oxygen-enriched pipeline provided with an oxygen-enriched valve and is used for conveying the oxygen-enriched gas separated by the membrane separator to the air pipeline so as to improve the operation efficiency of the hydrogen-air fuel cell;
the front section of the hydrogen pipeline is positioned in the positive pressure sealing box and is sequentially connected with the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen stop valve, the liquid hydrogen pump and the liquid hydrogen cold energy converter, and the middle section is divided into two branches; the first branch is sequentially connected with a first hydrogen valve, a second channel of the first freezing dehumidifier and a second hydrogen valve, the second branch is sequentially connected with a third hydrogen valve, a second channel of the second freezing dehumidifier and a fourth hydrogen valve, then the two branches are combined and communicated with the tail section of a hydrogen pipeline, and the tail end of the hydrogen pipeline is connected with a hydrogen air fuel cell; the hydrogen pipeline is used for conveying a hydrogen medium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the hydrogen empty fuel cell for reaction;
the front section of the coolant circulation pipeline is sequentially connected with a cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell and a coolant circulation pump, and the middle section is divided into two branches; the first branch is sequentially connected with the first cooling valve, the second channel of the first freezing dehumidifier and the second cooling valve, the second branch is sequentially connected with the third cooling valve, the second channel of the second freezing dehumidifier and the fourth cooling valve, then the two branches are combined and communicated with the tail section of a coolant circulation pipeline, and the tail end of the coolant circulation pipeline is connected with the cooling channel of the hydrogen air fuel cell again to form a circulation loop; the coolant circulation pipeline is used for realizing the thermal management of the hydrogen-air fuel cell and improving the operation efficiency of the hydrogen-air fuel cell;
the first freezing dehumidifier and the second freezing dehumidifier are both provided with water collecting pipelines, and the water collecting pipelines are used for conveying liquid water generated by the first freezing dehumidifier and the second freezing dehumidifier to the water collector.
Preferably, the hydrogen pipeline, the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen stop valve, the liquid hydrogen pump, the liquid hydrogen cold energy converter, the first hydrogen valve, the second hydrogen valve, the third hydrogen valve and the fourth hydrogen valve are all provided with heat insulation materials for preventing heat leakage.
Preferably, the refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circulation line is R134a refrigerant; the coolant circulation pipeline inside the hydrogen-air fuel cell is arranged in a coil form to cool the hydrogen-air fuel cell.
Preferably, the first channels of the first and second freeze dehumidifiers may be configured as a heat exchange structure with a large specific surface area of porous medium, so as to improve cooling and dehumidifying efficiency.
Preferably, the temperature of the air flowing out of the first channels of the first and second cryodehumidifiers should be below 0 ℃.
Preferably, an air separation membrane is arranged in the membrane separator, and the air separation membrane can separate and prepare nitrogen-rich gas and oxygen-rich gas through different permeabilities of oxygen and nitrogen.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of operating a hydrogen storage and supply system purged with any one of the inert gases of the first aspect, comprising:
s1, controlling a three-way valve to be communicated with a first freezing and dehumidifying pipeline, wherein the first freezing and dehumidifying device is in an operating state, and the second freezing and dehumidifying device is in a regeneration state; at this time, the third hydrogen valve, the fourth hydrogen valve, the first cooling valve and the second cooling valve are in a closed state, and the nitrogen-rich valve, the evacuation valve, the air valve, the oxygen-rich valve, the liquid hydrogen stop valve, the first hydrogen valve, the second hydrogen valve, the third cooling valve and the fourth cooling valve are in an open state;
s101, starting a compressor; the external air enters an air separation pipeline, is heated after being compressed by a compressor, one path of the external air enters a first channel of a first freezing dehumidifier through a three-way valve, and the other path of the external air enters a hydrogen-air fuel cell for reaction through an air valve and along the air pipeline; the air entering the three-way valve is cooled in the first channel of the first freezing dehumidifier by absorbing the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen, the temperature of the cooled air is lower than 0 ℃, at the moment, water vapor in the air can be frozen in the first freezing dehumidifier, and the air cooling and dehumidifying coupling is completed; the air flowing out of the first freezing dehumidifier is then subjected to pressure regulation through a pressure regulator and then enters a membrane separator for oxygen-nitrogen separation; the nitrogen-rich gas separated by the membrane separator continuously enters the positive pressure sealing box through the nitrogen-rich valve, the inside of the positive pressure sealing box is continuously purged, the aggregation of hydrogen is prevented, and the purged gas is discharged through the exhaust valve; the oxygen-enriched gas separated by the membrane separator is led into an air pipeline through an oxygen-enriched valve and along the oxygen-enriched pipeline, and then enters a hydrogen-air fuel cell to increase the oxygen content of the air;
s102, starting a liquid hydrogen pump; the liquid hydrogen medium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank sequentially enters the liquid hydrogen cold energy converter through the liquid hydrogen stop valve and the liquid hydrogen pump, absorbs external heat, and is vaporized and converted into low-temperature hydrogen; the low-temperature hydrogen enters a second channel of the first freezing dehumidifier through a first hydrogen valve, and enters a hydrogen air fuel cell through a second hydrogen valve for reaction after releasing cold energy;
s103, starting a coolant circulating pump; the high-temperature coolant from the hydrogen-air fuel cell enters the second channel of the second freezing dehumidifier through the third cooling valve, heats the solid ice in the second freezing dehumidifier, reduces the temperature of the solid ice, and then returns to the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell again through the fourth cooling valve to absorb heat; the liquid water generated by absorbing heat in the second freezing dehumidifier enters the water collector through the water collecting pipeline, and the regeneration process of the second freezing dehumidifier is completed after the solid ice in the second freezing dehumidifier is melted into liquid water and discharged;
s2, after the regeneration of the second freezing dehumidifier is completed, corresponding pipeline and valve switching is carried out, so that the first freezing dehumidifier is in a regeneration state, and the second freezing dehumidifier is in an operation state; switching the three-way valve to enable the second freezing and dehumidifying pipeline to be in a communication state, opening the third hydrogen valve, the fourth hydrogen valve, the first cooling valve and the second cooling valve, and closing the first hydrogen valve, the second hydrogen valve, the third cooling valve and the fourth cooling valve; the outside air is dehumidified and cooled by a second freezing dehumidifier, and the other parts are kept unchanged; the operation of the hydrogen line and the coolant circulation line are correspondingly changed, in particular as follows:
s201, external air enters an air separation pipeline, is heated after being compressed by a compressor, one path of the external air enters a first channel of a second freezing dehumidifier through a three-way valve, and the other path of the external air enters a hydrogen-air fuel cell through an air valve and along the air pipeline to react; the air entering the three-way valve is cooled in the first channel of the second freezing dehumidifier by absorbing the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen, the temperature of the cooled air is lower than 0 ℃, at the moment, water vapor in the air can be frozen in the second freezing dehumidifier, and the air cooling and dehumidifying coupling is completed; the air flowing out of the second freezing dehumidifier is then subjected to pressure regulation through a pressure regulator and then enters a membrane separator for oxygen-nitrogen separation; the nitrogen-rich gas separated by the membrane separator continuously enters the positive pressure sealing box through the nitrogen-rich valve, the inside of the positive pressure sealing box is continuously purged, the aggregation of hydrogen is prevented, and the purged gas is discharged through the exhaust valve; the oxygen-enriched gas separated by the membrane separator is led into an air pipeline through an oxygen-enriched valve and along the oxygen-enriched pipeline, and then enters a hydrogen-air fuel cell to increase the oxygen content of the air;
s202, a liquid hydrogen medium in a liquid hydrogen storage tank sequentially enters a liquid hydrogen cold energy converter through a liquid hydrogen stop valve and a liquid hydrogen pump, absorbs external heat, and is vaporized and converted into low-temperature hydrogen; the low-temperature hydrogen enters a second channel of a second freezing dehumidifier through a third hydrogen valve, and enters a hydrogen air fuel cell through a fourth hydrogen valve to react after releasing cold energy;
s203, enabling the high-temperature coolant from the hydrogen-air fuel cell to enter a second channel of the first freezing dehumidifier through a first cooling valve, heating solid ice in the first freezing dehumidifier, reducing the temperature of the solid ice, and then returning the solid ice to the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell again through a second cooling valve to absorb heat; and the molten liquid water generated by heat absorption in the first freezing dehumidifier enters the water collector through the water collecting pipeline, and the regeneration process of the first freezing dehumidifier is completed after the solid ice in the first freezing dehumidifier is melted into liquid water and discharged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding and beneficial technical effects: the compressed air is simultaneously cooled and dehumidified by utilizing the cold energy of the vaporized low-temperature hydrogen, and the complexity of the system is greatly reduced by the integrated design; the heat of the hydrogen air fuel cell is utilized to realize the regeneration of the freezing dehumidifier, thereby realizing the high-efficiency heat management of the hydrogen air fuel cell and reducing the extra heat loss; the membrane separator is adopted to divide air into oxygen-enriched gas and nitrogen-enriched gas, wherein the oxygen-enriched gas enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell to react, the operation efficiency is improved by improving the oxygen content, and the nitrogen-enriched gas carries out positive pressure purging on the liquid hydrogen storage tank and a matched system thereof, so that the overall safety of the storage and supply system is improved.
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings so as to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an inert gas purged hydrogen storage and supply system according to the present invention.
In the figure: an air separation pipeline 1, a first freezing and dehumidifying pipeline 2, a second freezing and dehumidifying pipeline 3, a compressor 4, a three-way valve 5, a first freezing and dehumidifying device 6, a second freezing and dehumidifying device 7, a pressure regulator 8, a membrane separator 9, a nitrogen-rich valve 10, a positive pressure seal box 11, an evacuation valve 12, an air pipeline 13, an air valve 14, an oxygen-rich pipeline 15, an oxygen-rich valve 16, a hydrogen-air fuel cell 17, a hydrogen pipeline 18, a liquid hydrogen storage tank 19, a liquid hydrogen stop valve 20, a liquid hydrogen pump 21, a liquid hydrogen cold energy converter 22, a first hydrogen valve 23, a second hydrogen valve 24, a third hydrogen valve 25, a fourth hydrogen valve 26, a coolant circulation pipeline 27, a coolant circulation pump 28, a first cooling valve 29, a second cooling valve 30, a third cooling valve 31, a fourth cooling valve 32, a water collecting pipeline 33 and a water collector 34.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features of the embodiments of the invention can be combined correspondingly on the premise of no mutual conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected with intervening elements present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" to another element, there are no intervening elements present.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing between the descriptions and not necessarily for the purpose of indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "low temperature" and "high temperature" (e.g. "low temperature hydrogen" and "high temperature coolant") both refer to relatively high or low temperatures compared to the temperature of the same medium in the same passageway, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying absolute temperature values indicative of the indicated technical feature.
Referring to fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an inert gas purged hydrogen storage and supply system, the components of which mainly include an air separation line 1, a first freeze dehumidifier 6, a second freeze dehumidifier 7, a positive pressure seal tank 11, an evacuation valve 12, an air line 13, a hydrogen air fuel cell 17, a hydrogen line 18, and a coolant circulation line 27. The cooperative operational relationship between the components is described in detail below.
In the system of the present invention, the interior of the first freeze dehumidifier 6 has a first channel and a second channel which can constitute heat exchanging contacts; in the operation process of the first freezing dehumidifier 6, the first channel is used for introducing air compressed by the compressor 4, the second channel is used for introducing hydrogen medium flowing out of the positive pressure sealing box 11, the hydrogen medium is heated after absorbing heat of the compressed air and is conveyed to the hydrogen air fuel cell 17 for reaction, and the compressed air is cooled after absorbing cold energy of the hydrogen medium and realizes coupling of cooling and dehumidification; during the regeneration process of the first freeze dehumidifier 6, the first passage stops operating, and the second passage is used for introducing high-temperature coolant from the hydrogen air fuel cell 17, and the high-temperature coolant heats the solid ice in the first freeze dehumidifier 6 and reduces the temperature of the solid ice. The second freezing dehumidifier 7 is internally provided with a first channel and a second channel which can form heat exchange contact; in the operation process of the second freezing dehumidifier 7, the first channel is used for introducing air compressed by the compressor 4, the second channel is used for introducing hydrogen medium flowing out of the positive pressure sealing box 11, the hydrogen medium is heated after absorbing heat of the compressed air and is conveyed to the hydrogen air fuel cell 17 for reaction, and the compressed air is cooled after absorbing cold energy of the hydrogen medium and realizes coupling of cooling and dehumidification; during the regeneration process of the second freeze dehumidifier 7, the first passage stops operating, and the second passage is used for introducing high-temperature coolant from the hydrogen air fuel cell 17, and the high-temperature coolant heats the solid ice in the second freeze dehumidifier 7 and reduces the temperature of the solid ice.
In the system according to the invention, the air separation duct 1 can be divided into three sections, a front section, a middle section and a rear section, in the direction of the medium flow. The front section of the air separation pipeline 1 is sequentially connected with a compressor 4 and a three-way valve 5, and the three-way valve 5 divides the middle section of the air separation pipeline 1 into two branches of a first freezing dehumidification pipeline 2 and a second freezing dehumidification pipeline 3 which are connected in parallel. The first freezing and dehumidifying pipeline 2 is connected with the first channel of the first freezing and dehumidifying device 6, the second freezing and dehumidifying pipeline 3 is connected with the first channel of the second freezing and dehumidifying device 7, then the tail ends of the first freezing and dehumidifying pipeline 2 and the second freezing and dehumidifying pipeline 3 are combined into a pipeline again, and the pipeline is used as the tail section of the air separation pipeline 1. The final section of the air separation pipeline 1 is sequentially connected with a pressure regulator 8, a membrane separator 9, a nitrogen-rich valve 10 and a positive pressure sealing box 11, and is used for carrying out heat and humidity treatment and separation on external air.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an air separation membrane is arranged in the membrane separator 9, and the air separation membrane can separate and prepare nitrogen-rich gas and oxygen-rich gas with higher purity through different permeabilities to gases such as oxygen, nitrogen and the like.
In the system of the present invention, the positive pressure seal box 11 is a relatively sealed container device, one end of which is communicated with the end of the air separation duct 1, and the other end of which is connected to the evacuation valve 12. The positive pressure seal box 11 is internally provided with main hydrogen-related devices and components such as a liquid hydrogen storage tank 19, a liquid hydrogen stop valve 20, a liquid hydrogen pump 21, a liquid hydrogen cold energy converter 22 and the like. In the actual use process, the nitrogen-rich gas separated by the membrane separator 9 continuously enters the positive pressure sealing box 11 through the air separation pipeline 1 and is discharged from the other end of the positive pressure sealing box 11 through the exhaust valve 12, and in the process, the positive pressure inside the positive pressure sealing box 11 can be maintained and leakage hydrogen medium accumulation can be prevented.
In the system of the invention, an air pipeline 13 is sequentially connected with an air separation pipeline 1, an air valve 14 and a hydrogen air fuel cell 17, an oxygen enrichment pipeline 15 is arranged between the air pipeline 13 and the membrane separator 9, and an oxygen enrichment valve 16 is arranged on the oxygen enrichment pipeline 15. The air pipeline 13 is used for conveying the oxygen-enriched gas separated by the membrane separator 9 to the air pipeline 13, so that the operation efficiency of the hydrogen air fuel cell 17 is improved. That is, in the medium flow direction, the head end of the air line 13 communicates with the air separation line 1 with the connection end between the compressor 4 and the three-way valve 5, and the end of the air line 13 communicates with the hydrogen air fuel cell 17; the membrane separator 9 comprises an inlet and two outlets, wherein the inlet is communicated with the air separation pipeline 1 and is used for providing air to the membrane separator 9, and the two outlets are respectively used for outputting oxygen-enriched gas and nitrogen-enriched gas separated by the membrane separator 9; the oxygen-enriched gas is output to the air separation pipeline 1 through the oxygen-enriched pipeline 15, and the nitrogen-enriched gas is output to the positive pressure seal box 11 through the air separation pipeline 1.
In the system of the present invention, the hydrogen line 18 is divided into three sections, a front section, a middle section and a rear section, in the direction of flow of the medium. The front section is positioned in the positive pressure sealing box 11 and is sequentially connected with a liquid hydrogen storage tank 19, a liquid hydrogen stop valve 20, a liquid hydrogen pump 21 and a liquid hydrogen cold energy converter 22; the middle section is divided into two parallel branches, the first branch is sequentially connected with a first hydrogen valve 23, a second channel of a first freezing dehumidifier 6 and a second hydrogen valve 24, the second branch is sequentially connected with a third hydrogen valve 25, a second channel of a second freezing dehumidifier 7 and a fourth hydrogen valve 26, then the two branches are combined into a pipeline and serve as the rear section of a hydrogen pipeline 18, and the rear section of the hydrogen pipeline 18 is connected with a hydrogen air fuel cell 17. That is, the head end of the hydrogen pipe 18 communicates with the liquid hydrogen tank 19, and the tail end communicates with the hydrogen empty fuel cell 17, for delivering the hydrogen medium in the liquid hydrogen tank 19 to the hydrogen empty fuel cell 17 for reaction.
In the system of the present invention, the coolant circulation line 27 is divided into three parts of a front stage, a middle stage and a rear stage in the medium flow direction. Wherein the front section of the coolant circulation line 27 is connected in sequence to the cooling passage of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 and the coolant circulation pump 28; the middle section is divided into two parallel branches, the first branch is sequentially connected with a first cooling valve 29, a second channel of the first freezing dehumidifier 6 and a second cooling valve 30, the second branch is sequentially connected with a third cooling valve 31, a second channel of the second freezing dehumidifier 7 and a fourth cooling valve 32, then the two branches are combined into a pipeline and serve as the rear section of a coolant circulation pipeline 27, and the rear section of the coolant circulation pipeline 27 is connected with the cooling channel of the hydrogen air fuel cell 17 again, so that a complete circulation path is formed. In practical application, the coolant circulation pipeline 27 can realize the thermal management of the hydrogen air fuel cell 17, and improve the operation efficiency of the hydrogen air fuel cell.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the coolant in the coolant circulation line is optionally a refrigerant such as R134a, and the hydrogen air fuel cell is cooled by a heat exchange coil or the like. That is, the coolant circulation line 27 located inside the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 may be laid in the form of a coil to increase the cooling area and cooling time, enabling a better cooling effect on the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17.
In the system of the invention, the first freezing dehumidifier 6 and the second freezing dehumidifier 7 are provided with water collecting pipelines 33, and the water collecting pipelines 33 can discharge liquid water generated in the regeneration process of the first freezing dehumidifier 6 and the second freezing dehumidifier 7 and convey the liquid water to the water collector 34.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, heat exchange structures with large specific surface areas such as porous media can be disposed on the first channels of the first and second freeze dehumidifiers 6 and 7, so as to improve the cooling and dehumidification efficiency. The air temperature exiting the first and second freeze dehumidifiers 6 and 7 should be below 0 deg.c so that the respective freeze dehumidifiers can be dehumidified by freezing at low temperature.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, heat insulation materials are arranged outside the parts such as the hydrogen pipeline, the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen stop valve, the liquid hydrogen pump, the liquid hydrogen cold energy converter, the hydrogen valve and the like to prevent heat leakage.
In practical application, the current generated by the hydrogen-air fuel cell in the system can be used for supporting the running of moving parts in an aircraft, and the liquid hydrogen cold energy converter can be used for systems such as aircraft environmental control and the like.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a hydrogen storage and supply system based on the inert gas purging shown in fig. 1 is further provided, and an operation method of the hydrogen storage and supply system is specifically as follows:
it should be noted that the method may selectively control the three-way valve 5 to be in communication with the first dehumidification cooling circuit 2 or the second dehumidification cooling circuit 3 according to whether the dehumidifier is in an operation or regeneration state.
The following will take an example of an operation method in which the three-way valve 5 is first controlled to communicate with the first freeze dehumidification piping 2. However, it should be understood that the operation method of the present invention may also control the three-way valve 5 to communicate with the second dehumidification cooling pipeline 3, which falls within the protection scope of the present invention, and will not be described herein.
S1, firstly, controlling the three-way valve 5 to be communicated with the first refrigeration dehumidifying pipeline 2, wherein the first refrigeration dehumidifier 6 is in an operating state, and the second refrigeration dehumidifier 7 is in a regeneration state. At this time, the third hydrogen valve 25, the fourth hydrogen valve 26, the first cooling valve 29, and the second cooling valve 30 are in the closed state, and the nitrogen-rich valve 10, the evacuation valve 12, the air valve 14, the oxygen-rich valve 16, the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve 20, the first hydrogen valve 23, the second hydrogen valve 24, the third cooling valve 31, and the fourth cooling valve 32 are in the open state.
S101, starting the compressor 4. The external air enters the air separation pipeline 1, is compressed by the compressor 4 and then is heated, one path of the external air enters the first channel of the first freezing dehumidifier 6 through the three-way valve 5, and the other path of the external air enters the hydrogen air fuel cell 17 through the air valve 14 and along the air pipeline 13 for reaction. The air entering the three-way valve 5 is cooled in the first channel of the first freezing dehumidifier 6 by absorbing the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen, the temperature of the cooled air is lower than 0 ℃, and at the moment, water vapor in the air can be frozen in the first freezing dehumidifier 6, so that the coupling of air cooling and dehumidification is completed. The air flowing out of the first freezing dehumidifier 6 is then subjected to pressure regulation through a pressure regulator 8 and then enters a membrane separator 9 for oxygen-nitrogen separation. The nitrogen-rich gas separated by the membrane separator 9 continuously enters the positive pressure sealing box 11 through the nitrogen-rich valve 10, the inside of the positive pressure sealing box 11 is continuously purged, the accumulation of hydrogen is prevented, and the purged gas is discharged through the exhaust valve 12. The oxygen-enriched gas separated by the membrane separator 9 passes through the oxygen-enriched valve 16 and is led along the oxygen-enriched line 15 to the air line 13 and then to the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 to raise the oxygen content of the air.
S102, starting the liquid hydrogen pump 21. The liquid hydrogen medium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 19 sequentially passes through the liquid hydrogen stop valve 20 and the liquid hydrogen pump 21 to enter the liquid hydrogen cold energy converter 22, absorb external heat, vaporize and be converted into low-temperature hydrogen. The low-temperature hydrogen gas then enters the second channel of the first freezing dehumidifier 6 through the first hydrogen valve 23, and enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 for reaction through the second hydrogen valve 24 after releasing cold energy.
S103, the coolant circulation pump 28 is started. The high-temperature coolant from the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 enters the second passage of the second freeze dehumidifier 7 through the third cooling valve 31, heats the solid ice inside the second freeze dehumidifier 7 and reduces its own temperature, and then returns to the cooling passage of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 again through the fourth cooling valve 32 to absorb heat. The melted liquid water generated by the heat absorption in the second freezing dehumidifier 7 enters the water collector 34 through the water collecting pipeline 33, and the regeneration process of the second freezing dehumidifier 7 is completed after the solid ice in the second freezing dehumidifier 7 is melted into liquid water and discharged.
And S2, when the regeneration of the second freezing dehumidifier 7 is completed, corresponding pipeline and valve switching is carried out, so that the first freezing dehumidifier 6 is in a regeneration state, and the second freezing dehumidifier 7 is in an operation state. The three-way valve 5 is switched to place the second freeze dehumidification pipe 3 in a communication state, and the third hydrogen valve 25, the fourth hydrogen valve 26, the first cooling valve 29, and the second cooling valve 30 are opened, and the first hydrogen valve 23, the second hydrogen valve 24, the third cooling valve 31, and the fourth cooling valve 32 are closed. The outside air is dehumidified and cooled by the second freeze dehumidifier 7, and the others remain unchanged. The operation of the hydrogen line 18 and the coolant circulation line 27 is correspondingly altered, as follows:
s201, external air enters the air separation pipeline 1, is compressed by the compressor 4 and then is heated, one path of the external air enters the first channel of the second freezing dehumidifier 7 through the three-way valve 5, and the other path of the external air enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 through the air valve 14 and along the air pipeline 13 to react. The air entering the three-way valve 5 is cooled in the first channel of the second freezing dehumidifier 7 by absorbing the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen, the temperature of the cooled air is lower than 0 ℃, and at the moment, water vapor in the air can be frozen in the second freezing dehumidifier 7, so that the coupling of air cooling and dehumidification is completed. The air flowing out of the second freezing dehumidifier 7 is then subjected to pressure regulation by a pressure regulator 8 and then enters a membrane separator 9 for oxygen-nitrogen separation. The nitrogen-rich gas separated by the membrane separator 9 continuously enters the positive pressure sealing box 11 through the nitrogen-rich valve 10, the inside of the positive pressure sealing box 11 is continuously purged, the accumulation of hydrogen is prevented, and the purged gas is discharged through the exhaust valve 12. The oxygen-enriched gas separated by the membrane separator 9 passes through the oxygen-enriched valve 16 and is led along the oxygen-enriched line 15 to the air line 13 and then to the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 to raise the oxygen content of the air.
And S202, a liquid hydrogen medium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 19 sequentially passes through the liquid hydrogen stop valve 20 and the liquid hydrogen pump 21 to enter the liquid hydrogen cold energy converter 22, absorb external heat, evaporate and convert into low-temperature hydrogen. The low-temperature hydrogen gas then enters the second channel of the second freezing dehumidifier 7 through the third hydrogen valve 25, and enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 for reaction through the fourth hydrogen valve 26 after releasing cold energy.
S203, the high-temperature coolant from the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 enters the second channel of the first freezing dehumidifier 6 through the first cooling valve 29, heats the solid ice inside the first freezing dehumidifier 6 and reduces its own temperature, and then returns to the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell 17 again through the second cooling valve 30 to absorb heat. The melted liquid water generated by the heat absorption in the first freezing dehumidifier 6 enters the water collector 34 through the water collecting pipeline 33, and the regeneration process of the first freezing dehumidifier 6 is completed after the solid ice in the first freezing dehumidifier 6 is melted into liquid water and discharged.
In actual use, the three-way valve 5 can be repeatedly controlled to switch the communication relation with the first and second freezing and dehumidifying pipelines 2 and 3, namely, the steps S1-S2 are repeated, so that the first and second freezing and dehumidifying pipelines 2 and 3 complete operation-regeneration operation, thereby realizing continuous operation of the system.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. An inert gas purged hydrogen storage and supply system is characterized by comprising an air separation pipeline (1), a first freezing dehumidifier (6), a second freezing dehumidifier (7), a positive pressure sealing box (11), an exhaust valve (12), an air pipeline (13), a hydrogen air fuel cell (17), a hydrogen pipeline (18) and a coolant circulation pipeline (27);
the inside of the first freezing dehumidifier (6) and the inside of the second freezing dehumidifier (7) are respectively provided with a first channel and a second channel which can form heat exchange contact;
the front section of the air separation pipeline (1) is sequentially connected with a compressor (4) and a three-way valve (5), and the middle section of the air separation pipeline is divided into a first freezing dehumidification pipeline (2) and a second freezing dehumidification pipeline (3) through the three-way valve (5); the first freezing and dehumidifying pipeline (2) is connected with a first channel of the first freezing and dehumidifying device (6), the second freezing and dehumidifying pipeline (3) is connected with a first channel of the second freezing and dehumidifying device (7), and then the first freezing and dehumidifying pipeline (2) and the second freezing and dehumidifying pipeline (3) are combined again and are communicated with the rear section of the air separation pipeline (1); the rear section of the air separation pipeline (1) is sequentially connected with a pressure regulator (8), a membrane separator (9), a nitrogen-rich valve (10) and a positive pressure sealing box (11) and is used for carrying out heat and humidity treatment and separation on external air;
one end of the positive pressure sealing box (11) is connected with an air separation pipeline (1), the other end of the positive pressure sealing box is connected with an exhaust valve (12), a liquid hydrogen storage tank (19), a liquid hydrogen stop valve (20), a liquid hydrogen pump (21) and a liquid hydrogen cold energy converter (22) are arranged in the positive pressure sealing box, and the positive pressure state is maintained in the positive pressure sealing box (11) through the air separation pipeline (1) and the exhaust valve (12);
the head end of the air pipeline (13) is communicated with an air separation pipeline (1) positioned between the compressor (4) and the three-way valve (5), the tail end of the air pipeline is communicated with a hydrogen air fuel cell (17), and an air valve (14) is arranged on the air pipeline; the membrane separator (9) is communicated with the air pipeline (13) through an oxygen-enriched pipeline (15) provided with an oxygen-enriched valve (16) and is used for conveying the oxygen-enriched gas separated by the membrane separator (9) to the air pipeline (13) so as to improve the operation efficiency of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17);
the front section of the hydrogen pipeline (18) is positioned in the positive pressure sealing box (11), and is sequentially connected with a liquid hydrogen storage tank (19), a liquid hydrogen stop valve (20), a liquid hydrogen pump (21) and a liquid hydrogen cold energy converter (22), and the middle section is divided into two branches; the first branch is sequentially connected with a first hydrogen valve (23), a second channel of the first freezing dehumidifier (6) and a second hydrogen valve (24), the second branch is sequentially connected with a third hydrogen valve (25), a second channel of the second freezing dehumidifier (7) and a fourth hydrogen valve (26), then the two branches are combined and are communicated with the tail section of the hydrogen pipeline (18), and the tail end of the hydrogen pipeline (18) is connected with a hydrogen empty fuel cell (17); the hydrogen pipeline (18) is used for conveying a hydrogen medium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (19) to the hydrogen empty fuel cell (17) for reaction;
the front section of the coolant circulation pipeline (27) is sequentially connected with a cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) and a coolant circulation pump (28), and the middle section is divided into two branches; the first branch is sequentially connected with a first cooling valve (29), a second channel of the first freezing dehumidifier (6) and a second cooling valve (30), the second branch is sequentially connected with a third cooling valve (31), a second channel of the second freezing dehumidifier (7) and a fourth cooling valve (32), then the two branches are combined and communicated with the tail section of a coolant circulation pipeline (27), and the tail end of the coolant circulation pipeline (27) is connected with the cooling channel of the hydrogen air fuel cell (17) again to form a circulation loop; the coolant circulation pipeline (27) is used for realizing the thermal management of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) and improving the operation efficiency thereof;
the first freezing dehumidifier (6) and the second freezing dehumidifier (7) are both provided with a water collecting pipeline (33), and the water collecting pipeline (33) is used for conveying liquid water generated by the first freezing dehumidifier and the second freezing dehumidifier to the water collector (34).
2. The inert gas purged hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen pipe (18), the liquid hydrogen tank (19), the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (20), the liquid hydrogen pump (21), the liquid hydrogen cold energy converter (22), the first hydrogen valve (23), the second hydrogen valve (24), the third hydrogen valve (25) and the fourth hydrogen valve (26) are all provided with heat insulating materials for preventing heat leakage outside.
3. An inert gas purged hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, wherein the coolant filled in said coolant circulation line (27) is R134a refrigerant; a coolant circulation line (27) located inside the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) is arranged in the form of a coil to cool the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17).
4. An inert gas purged hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, wherein the first channels of the first and second cryogenic dehumidifiers (6, 7) are each configured as a porous medium large specific surface area heat exchange structure to increase cooling and dehumidification efficiency.
5. An inert gas purged hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the air exiting the first channels of said first and second cryogenic dehumidifiers (6, 7) should be below 0 ℃.
6. An inert gas purged hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, wherein an air separation membrane is provided in said membrane separator (9), which is capable of separating nitrogen-enriched gas and oxygen-enriched gas by different permeabilities to oxygen and nitrogen.
7. A method of operating a hydrogen storage and supply system purged with an inert gas according to any of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, a control three-way valve (5) is communicated with a first refrigeration dehumidification pipeline (2), a first refrigeration dehumidifier (6) is in an operation state, and a second refrigeration dehumidifier (7) is in a regeneration state; at this time, the third hydrogen valve (25), the fourth hydrogen valve (26), the first cooling valve (29) and the second cooling valve (30) are in a closed state, and the nitrogen-rich valve (10), the evacuation valve (12), the air valve (14), the oxygen-rich valve (16), the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve (20), the first hydrogen valve (23), the second hydrogen valve (24), the third cooling valve (31) and the fourth cooling valve (32) are in an open state;
s101, starting a compressor (4); the external air enters an air separation pipeline (1), is heated after being compressed by a compressor (4), one path enters a first channel of a first freezing dehumidifier (6) through a three-way valve (5), and the other path enters a hydrogen air fuel cell (17) for reaction through an air valve (14) and along an air pipeline (13); the air entering the three-way valve (5) is cooled in a first channel of the first freezing dehumidifier (6) by absorbing the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen, the temperature of the cooled air is lower than 0 ℃, at the moment, water vapor in the air can be frozen in the first freezing dehumidifier (6), and the coupling of air cooling and dehumidification is completed; air flowing out of the first freezing dehumidifier (6) is subjected to pressure regulation through a pressure regulator (8) and then enters a membrane separator (9) for oxygen-nitrogen separation; the nitrogen-rich gas separated by the membrane separator (9) continuously enters the positive pressure sealing box (11) through the nitrogen-rich valve (10), the inside of the positive pressure sealing box (11) is continuously purged, the accumulation of hydrogen is prevented, and the purged gas is discharged through the exhaust valve (12); the oxygen-enriched gas separated by the membrane separator (9) is led into the air pipeline (13) through the oxygen-enriched valve (16) and along the oxygen-enriched pipeline (15), and then enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) to increase the oxygen content of the air;
s102, starting a liquid hydrogen pump (21); the liquid hydrogen medium in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (19) sequentially passes through the liquid hydrogen stop valve (20) and the liquid hydrogen pump (21) to enter the liquid hydrogen cold energy converter (22), absorb external heat, evaporate and convert into low-temperature hydrogen; the low-temperature hydrogen enters a second channel of the first freezing dehumidifier (6) through a first hydrogen valve (23), and enters a hydrogen air fuel cell (17) for reaction through a second hydrogen valve (24) after releasing cold energy;
s103, starting a coolant circulating pump (28); the high-temperature coolant from the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) enters the second channel of the second freezing dehumidifier (7) through the third cooling valve (31), the solid ice in the second freezing dehumidifier (7) is heated and the temperature of the solid ice is reduced, and then the solid ice returns to the cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) again through the fourth cooling valve (32) to absorb heat; molten liquid water generated by heat absorption in the second freezing dehumidifier (7) enters the water collector (34) through the water collecting pipeline (33), and the regeneration process of the second freezing dehumidifier (7) is completed after solid ice in the second freezing dehumidifier (7) is melted into liquid water and discharged;
s2, when the regeneration of the second freezing dehumidifier (7) is finished, corresponding pipeline and valve switching is carried out, so that the first freezing dehumidifier (6) is in a regeneration state, and the second freezing dehumidifier (7) is in an operation state; switching the three-way valve (5) to enable the second freezing and dehumidifying pipeline (3) to be in a communication state, opening the third hydrogen valve (25), the fourth hydrogen valve (26), the first cooling valve (29) and the second cooling valve (30), and closing the first hydrogen valve (23), the second hydrogen valve (24), the third cooling valve (31) and the fourth cooling valve (32); the outside air is dehumidified and cooled by a second freezing dehumidifier (7), and the other parts are kept unchanged; the operation of the hydrogen line (18) and the coolant circulation line (27) is correspondingly modified, in particular as follows:
s201, external air enters an air separation pipeline (1), is compressed by a compressor (4) and then is heated, one path of the external air enters a first channel of a second freezing dehumidifier (7) through a three-way valve (5), and the other path of the external air enters a hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) through an air valve (14) and along an air pipeline (13) to react; the air entering the three-way valve (5) is cooled in the first channel of the second freezing dehumidifier (7) by absorbing the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen, the temperature of the cooled air is lower than 0 ℃, at the moment, water vapor in the air can be frozen in the second freezing dehumidifier (7), and the coupling of air cooling and dehumidification is completed; air flowing out of the second freezing dehumidifier (7) is subjected to pressure regulation through a pressure regulator (8) and then enters a membrane separator (9) for oxygen-nitrogen separation; the nitrogen-rich gas separated by the membrane separator (9) continuously enters the positive pressure sealing box (11) through the nitrogen-rich valve (10), the inside of the positive pressure sealing box (11) is continuously purged, the accumulation of hydrogen is prevented, and the purged gas is discharged through the exhaust valve (12); the oxygen-enriched gas separated by the membrane separator (9) is led into the air pipeline (13) through the oxygen-enriched valve (16) and along the oxygen-enriched pipeline (15), and then enters the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) to increase the oxygen content of the air;
s202, a liquid hydrogen medium in a liquid hydrogen storage tank (19) sequentially enters a liquid hydrogen cold energy converter (22) through a liquid hydrogen stop valve (20) and a liquid hydrogen pump (21), absorbs external heat, and is vaporized and converted into low-temperature hydrogen; the low-temperature hydrogen enters a second channel of a second freezing dehumidifier (7) through a third hydrogen valve (25), and enters a hydrogen air fuel cell (17) for reaction through a fourth hydrogen valve (26) after releasing cold energy;
s203, high-temperature coolant from the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) enters a second channel of the first freezing dehumidifier (6) through a first cooling valve (29), the solid ice in the first freezing dehumidifier (6) is heated, the temperature of the solid ice is reduced, and then the solid ice returns to a cooling channel of the hydrogen-air fuel cell (17) again through a second cooling valve (30) to absorb heat; molten liquid water generated by heat absorption in the first freezing dehumidifier (6) enters the water collector (34) through the water collecting pipeline (33), and the regeneration process of the first freezing dehumidifier (6) is completed after solid ice in the first freezing dehumidifier (6) is melted into liquid water and discharged.
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