CN117035499A - Ecological safety index evaluation method and system based on coupling model inversion - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological safety index evaluation method and system based on coupling model inversion, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring data input of a research area to construct an InVEST model, classifying and dividing the InVEST model according to land types to obtain areas corresponding to the land types, and calculating to obtain an ecological system service function evaluation result of the land types; s2, constructing an ecological health calculation model, inputting study area data into the ecological health calculation model, and respectively calculating an ecological system health index and a comprehensive ecological safety index corresponding to each land type based on the land type area by the ecological health calculation model. The method and the system finally obtain the comprehensive ecological safety indexes of all pixels i and the corresponding areas of all land types based on the data inversion of the coupling model, realize the rationality and scientific comprehensive evaluation of the multiple indexes of the regional ecological safety, are beneficial to the monitoring, the control, the treatment and the like of the ecological safety, and provide effective data support for the construction of the regional ecological safety pattern.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological remote sensing monitoring and ecological safety monitoring, in particular to an ecological safety index assessment method and system based on coupling model inversion.
Background
In recent years, protection of natural protection areas or ecological red lines is increasingly important, and from the perspective of an ecological system, ecological safety means that the natural ecological system maintains the self health state and provides material basis and ecological service, and adverse effects generated under external pressure are small, so that harmony between people and the natural is finally realized. At present, methods related to ecological safety evaluation and ecological safety pattern construction are more, and are key technical contents of important attention in the field, however, how to realize comprehensive evaluation of multiple indexes of regional ecological safety is the direction and difficulty of current research, and how to realize rationality and scientificity of evaluation is the key point of ecological safety monitoring. Before the prior art, a pressure-state-response (PSR) model is adopted for evaluating ecological safety, and the index system of the model is too numerous and complex, has strong subjectivity and needs to reconstruct the model in different areas, so that a more convenient evaluation system is needed. Moreover, how to realize the subsequent further use of the ecological safety evaluation index is also a technical difficulty to be solved in the field; at present, the technical introduction direction of extracting ecological elements is based on circuit theory, the species migration is simulated by means of the random walk characteristic of current in a resistor surface, the advantages of exploring corridor width and accurately identifying node positions are achieved, and the defect that other models are difficult to reflect information exchange can be overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the technical problems of the background technology and provides an ecological safety index evaluation method and system based on inversion of a coupling model, which are used for finally obtaining comprehensive ecological safety indexes of all pixels i and all corresponding areas of land types based on data inversion of the coupling model, realizing rationality and scientificalness comprehensive evaluation of multiple indexes of regional ecological safety and being beneficial to monitoring, control, management and the like of ecological safety; the method is characterized in that the method extracts an ecological source land based on a comprehensive ecological safety index, selects resistance factors from a multidimensional angle, completes construction of an ecological safety pattern by utilizing a circuit theory, and provides effective data support for construction of the regional ecological safety pattern.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
an ecological safety index assessment method based on coupling model inversion, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring research area data input including land utilization data, basic geographic information, meteorological data, topographic data, soil data and socioeconomic data, constructing an InVEST model comprising a habitat quality calculation module, a carbon fixation calculation module, a soil maintenance calculation module and a water source conservation calculation module, classifying and dividing the InVEST model according to land types to obtain areas corresponding to the land types, wherein the land types comprise cultivated lands, woodlands, grasslands, water bodies, construction lands and unused lands, and obtaining an ecological system service function evaluation result of each land type according to the following formula:
wherein HQ represents a habitat quality standardization result, CS represents a carbon sequestration standardization result, SC represents a water and soil conservation standardization result, WY represents a water conservation standardization result;
s2, constructing an ecological health calculation model, inputting research area data into the ecological health calculation model, and respectively calculating an ecological system health index and a comprehensive ecological safety index corresponding to each land type based on a land type area, wherein the land type comprises cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water body, construction land and unused land;
s21, comprehensively representing an ecological system health index of a region corresponding to the land type in a research region by three factors including vitality, tissue strength and resilience, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
the vitality of the pixel i in the region corresponding to the land type in the research region passes through NDVI i Values are characterized:
wherein NIR represents the reflection value of the near infrared band of the pixel i, and R represents the reflection value of the red band of the pixel i;
the expression formula of the tissue force of the pixel i in the region corresponding to the land type in the research region is as follows:
O i =0.35×lc+0.35×lh+0.3×ic; wherein O represents the organization force factor of pixel i, LH represents landscape heterogeneity, LC represents landscape connectivity, and IC represents important plaque connectivity;
and carrying out restoring force expression on the region corresponding to the land type in the research region according to the pixel i:
wherein RC is a combination of i Representing the restoring force of pixel i, NDVI i NDVI value, NDVI, representing pixel i meanj NDVI average value, RC, of type j of place where pixel i is located j 1 The coefficient of restitution, RC, representing the type j of the land j 2 A resistance coefficient representing the land type j;
the ecosystem health index EHI of the pixel i of the region corresponding to the land type in the research region is obtained according to the following method i ：
Therein V, O s R respectively represents the activity, the tissue force and the restoring force factor of the pixel i after standardization;
s22, comprehensive ecological safety index ESI of pixel i of region corresponding to land type in research region i The method comprises the following steps:
wherein EFI is s Represents the ecological service function index (ERI) after the standardization of the corresponding region of the type of the place where the pixel i is located s Represents the ecological risk index after the standardization of the corresponding region of the type of the place where the pixel i is located, and EHI s Representing pixel i normalizationThe ecological health index after that;
s23, sequentially obtaining the comprehensive ecological safety indexes of all pixels i in the research area and the areas corresponding to all land types according to the step S21 and the step S22.
The ecological safety index evaluation method based on the coupling model inversion further preferably comprises the following steps: in step S22, the ecological risk index ERI of the area corresponding to the land type in the study area is obtained as follows:
wherein A is kp Represents the area of the kth risk zone landscape p, A k Represents the area of the kth risk zone, R p The landscape loss index indicating the landscape p, and N indicating that the land type corresponding area in the investigation region contains the total landscape number.
The ecological safety index evaluation method based on the coupling model inversion further preferably comprises the following steps: the invention also comprises the following steps:
s3, constructing a comprehensive resistance surface based on the data of the research area and drawing and expressing by utilizing GIS tool software.
The ecological safety index evaluation method based on the coupling model inversion further preferably comprises the following steps: the invention also comprises the following steps:
s4, map expression is carried out on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area by utilizing GIS tool software; and carrying out data extraction on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area based on the circuit theory by utilizing GIS tool software to obtain an ecological corridor of the research area.
The ecological safety index evaluation method based on the coupling model inversion further preferably comprises the following steps: the invention also comprises the following steps:
and S5, carrying out data extraction on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area based on the circuit theory by utilizing GIS tool software to obtain ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points of the research area.
The ecological safety index evaluation system based on the coupling model inversion comprises an acquisition module, a model processing system and an output module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring research area data comprising land utilization data, basic geographic information, meteorological data, topographic data, soil data and socioeconomic data and inputting the research area data into the model processing system, the model processing system comprises an InVEST model and an ecological health calculation model, the InVEST model comprises a habitat quality calculation module, a carbon sequestration amount calculation module, a soil conservation calculation module and a water conservation calculation module, the habitat quality calculation module is used for obtaining habitat quality based on the research area data, the carbon sequestration amount calculation module is used for obtaining carbon sequestration amount based on the research area data, the soil conservation calculation module is used for obtaining soil conservation data based on the research area data, the water conservation calculation module is used for obtaining water conservation data based on the research area data, and the InVEST model is used for obtaining an evaluation result of an ecological system service function based on the research area data; the ecological health calculation model is used for calculating an ecological system health index and a comprehensive ecological safety index corresponding to each land type according to the land type area based on the research area data; the output module is used for outputting data.
In order to better realize the ecological safety index evaluation system based on the coupling model inversion, the invention also comprises a chart display module connected with the model processing system, wherein GIS tool software is arranged in the chart display module, and the chart display module constructs a comprehensive resistance surface based on the data of the research area and draws and expresses by using the GIS tool software; the chart display module utilizes GIS tool software to carry out map expression on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area; carrying out data extraction on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area based on the circuit theory by utilizing GIS tool software to obtain an ecological corridor of the research area; the chart display module utilizes GIS tool software to extract data of the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area based on the circuit theory to obtain ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points of the research area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, the comprehensive ecological safety indexes of all pixels i and all land types corresponding areas are finally obtained based on the data inversion of the coupling model, so that the rationality and scientificalness comprehensive evaluation of the regional ecological safety multi-index is realized, and the ecological safety monitoring, control, management and the like are facilitated; the method is characterized in that the method extracts an ecological source land based on a comprehensive ecological safety index, selects resistance factors from a multidimensional angle, completes construction of an ecological safety pattern by utilizing a circuit theory, and provides effective data support for construction of the regional ecological safety pattern.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an ecological safety index evaluation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a further preferred embodiment II;
fig. 5 is a land use distribution diagram of 2000-2020 and 2030 in the example;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the ecological service function index distribution of 2000-2020 and 2030 in the examples;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the ecological health index profile of examples 2000-2020 and 2030;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the ecological risk index profiles of the examples 2000-2020 and 2030;
FIG. 9 is an ecological safety index distribution diagram of 2000-2020 and 2030 in the examples;
FIG. 10 is a plot of ecological source and corridor profiles from 2000-2020 and 2030 for the examples;
FIG. 11 is a graph of resistance factors and integrated resistance profiles in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an ecological safety index evaluation method based on coupling model inversion includes:
s1, acquiring research area data input including land utilization data, basic geographic information, meteorological data, topographic data, soil data and socioeconomic data, constructing an InVEST model comprising a habitat quality calculation module, a carbon fixing amount calculation module, a soil maintenance calculation module and a water source conservation calculation module, classifying and dividing the InVEST model according to land types to obtain areas corresponding to all land types, wherein the land types comprise cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water body, construction land and unused land, and obtaining an ecological system service function assessment result of all land types according to the following formula (compared with a traditional model assessment method, the quantitative index assessment method is adopted in the embodiment):
wherein HQ represents a habitat quality standardization result (habitat quality data is obtained by a habitat quality calculation module), CS represents a carbon sequestration standardization result (carbon sequestration data is obtained by a carbon sequestration calculation module), SC represents a water and soil conservation standardization result (soil conservation data is obtained by a soil conservation calculation module), WY represents a water conservation standardization result (water conservation data is obtained by a water conservation calculation module).
Land utilization data in the research area data of the embodiment are classified according to cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water body, built-up area land and unused land, and the land utilization data are selected from a global 30-meter earth surface coverage data set; basic geographic information includes geographic information of government residences, roads and rivers; the meteorological data comprise data including air temperature, precipitation, sunlight and wind speed; the topographic data adopts a global digital elevation model of a satellite-borne heat emission and reflection radiometer; the soil data comprise soil composition data and the maximum root system burial depth of the soil; the socioeconomic data includes a GDP spatially distributed kilometer grid dataset and a demographically distributed kilometer grid dataset.
S2, constructing an ecological health calculation model, inputting research area data into the ecological health calculation model, and respectively calculating an ecological system health index and a comprehensive ecological safety index corresponding to each land type based on a land type area, wherein the land type comprises cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water body, construction land and unused land;
s21, comprehensively representing the ecological system health index of the region corresponding to the land type in the research area (Costanza of a researcher in the United states of America proposes the service value of the ecological system, wherein the ecological system refers to the unified whole formed by organisms and environments in a certain space in the nature, and in the unified whole, the organisms and the environments are mutually influenced and restricted and are in a relatively stable dynamic balance state in a certain period) by adopting three factors, namely the vitality, the organization force and the restoring force, and the method comprises the following steps:
the vitality of the pixel i in the region corresponding to the land type in the research region passes through NDVI i Values are characterized:
wherein NIR represents the reflection value of the near infrared band of the pixel i, and R represents the reflection value of the red band of the pixel i;
the expression formula of the tissue force of the pixel i in the region corresponding to the land type in the research region is as follows:
O i =0.35×lc+0.35×lh+0.3×ic; where O represents the tissue force factor of pixel i, LH represents landscape heterogeneity (LH includes shannon diversity index (SHDI) and modified Simpson diversity index (MSIDI)), LC represents landscape connectivity (LC mainly includes tendrils (C0 NTAG), connectivity (CONNECT), separation (SPILT), average weighted shape index (AWMPLI)), and IC represents important plaque connectivity (IC mainly consists of separation degree SPILT and connectivity C0NNECT of forest land and water body respectively).
And carrying out restoring force expression on the region corresponding to the land type in the research region according to the pixel i:
wherein RC is a combination of i Representing the restoring force of pixel i, NDVI i NDVI value, NDVI, representing pixel i meanj NDVI average value, RC, of type j of place where pixel i is located j 1 The coefficient of restitution, RC, representing the type j of the land j 2 Representing the resistivity coefficient of the plot type j. The implementation isExamples a study area was selected as an example, and the recovery force coefficient and the resistance coefficient after the measurement of each land type in the study area were as follows:
the ecosystem health index EHI of the pixel i of the region corresponding to the land type in the research region is obtained according to the following method i ：
Therein V, O s R respectively represents the vitality, the tissue strength and the restoring force factor of the pixel i after normalization.
S22, comprehensive ecological safety index ESI of pixel i of region corresponding to land type in research region i The method comprises the following steps:
wherein EFIs represent ecological service function indexes (ERI) after standardization of corresponding areas of the type of the places where the pixels i are located s Represents the ecological risk index after the standardization of the corresponding region of the type of the place where the pixel i is located, and EHI s Representing the ecological health index of pixel i after normalization. In some embodiments, the ecological risk index ERI for the region corresponding to the type of land in the study area is obtained as follows:
wherein A is kp Represents the area of the kth risk zone landscape p, A k Represents the area of the kth risk zone, R p The landscape loss index indicating the landscape p, and N indicating that the land type corresponding area in the investigation region contains the total landscape number.
S23, according to the steps S21 and S22, the comprehensive ecological safety indexes of all pixels i (namely, pixel-by-pixel processing) and all land type corresponding areas (after pixel-by-pixel processing, all pixels of the area corresponding to each land type respectively correspond to each land type) in the research area are sequentially obtained.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2 to 11, an ecological safety index evaluation method based on coupling model inversion includes:
s1, collecting land utilization data (if the land utilization data is visually displayed according to a chart, please refer to fig. 5 of an example research area, the 2030 year in fig. 5 is corresponding data predicted according to historical data), basic geographic information, meteorological data, topographic data, soil data and socioeconomic data, and inputting the research area data to construct an InVEST model comprising a habitat quality calculation module, a carbon fixing amount calculation module, a soil maintenance calculation module and a water source conservation calculation module, wherein the InVEST model is classified and divided according to land types to obtain areas corresponding to the land types, the land types comprise cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water, construction land and unused land, and an ecological system service function evaluation result of the land types is obtained according to the following formula (compared with the traditional model evaluation method, the embodiment adopts a quantitative index evaluation method):
wherein HQ represents a habitat quality standardization result (habitat quality data is obtained by a habitat quality calculation module), CS represents a carbon sequestration standardization result (carbon sequestration data is obtained by a carbon sequestration calculation module), SC represents a water and soil conservation standardization result (soil conservation data is obtained by a soil conservation calculation module), WY represents a water conservation standardization result (water conservation data is obtained by a water conservation calculation module); taking the selected research area as an example, the distribution situation of the ecological service function indexes is shown in fig. 6, and the corresponding data in 2030 (namely, the distribution of the ecological service function indexes in 2030) can be predicted according to the historical data.
Land utilization data in the research area data of the embodiment are classified according to cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water body, built-up area land and unused land, and the land utilization data are selected from a global 30-meter earth surface coverage data set; basic geographic information includes geographic information of government residences, roads and rivers; the meteorological data comprise data including air temperature, precipitation, sunlight and wind speed; the topographic data adopts a global digital elevation model of a satellite-borne heat emission and reflection radiometer; the soil data comprise soil composition data and the maximum root system burial depth of the soil; the socioeconomic data includes a GDP spatially distributed kilometer grid dataset and a demographically distributed kilometer grid dataset.
S2, constructing an ecological health calculation model, inputting research area data into the ecological health calculation model, and respectively calculating an ecological system health index and a comprehensive ecological safety index corresponding to each land type based on a land type area, wherein the land type comprises cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water body, construction land and unused land;
s21, comprehensively representing the ecological system health index of the region corresponding to the land type in the research area (Costanza of a researcher in the United states of America proposes the service value of the ecological system, wherein the ecological system refers to the unified whole formed by organisms and environments in a certain space in the nature, and in the unified whole, the organisms and the environments are mutually influenced and restricted and are in a relatively stable dynamic balance state in a certain period) by adopting three factors, namely the vitality, the organization force and the restoring force, and the method comprises the following steps:
the vitality of the pixel i in the region corresponding to the land type in the research region passes through NDVI i Values are characterized:
wherein NIR represents the reflection value of the near infrared band of the pixel i, and R represents the reflection value of the red band of the pixel i;
the expression formula of the tissue force of the pixel i in the region corresponding to the land type in the research region is as follows:
O i =0.35×lc+0.35×lh+0.3×ic; where O represents the tissue effort factor of pixel i, LH represents landscape heterogeneity (LH includes shannon diversity index (SHDI) and modified Simpson diversity index (MSIDI)), and LC represents landscape connectivity (LC mainly includes crazing degree (CONTAG), connectivity)(connection), degree of Separation (SPILT), average weighted shape index (AWMPFD), IC represents important plaque connectivity (IC consists essentially of the degree of separation SPILT and connectivity connection of the woodland and water, respectively).
And carrying out restoring force expression on the region corresponding to the land type in the research region according to the pixel i:
wherein RC is a combination of i Representing the restoring force of pixel i, NDVI i NDVI value, NDVI, representing pixel i meanj NDVI average value, RC, of type j of place where pixel i is located j 1 The coefficient of restitution, RC, representing the type j of the land j 2 Representing the resistivity coefficient of the plot type j. In this embodiment, a study area is selected as an example, and the recovery force coefficient and the resistance coefficient after the measurement of each land type in the study area are as follows:
the ecosystem health index EHI of the pixel i of the region corresponding to the land type in the research region is obtained according to the following method i ：
Therein V, O s R respectively represents the vitality, the tissue strength and the restoring force factor of the pixel i after normalization.
S22, comprehensive ecological safety index ESI of pixel i of region corresponding to land type in research region i The method comprises the following steps:
wherein EFI is s Represents the ecological service function index (ERI) after the standardization of the corresponding region of the type of the place where the pixel i is located s Represents the ecological risk index after the standardization of the corresponding region of the type of the place where the pixel i is located, and EHI s Representing the ecological health index of pixel i after normalization. Taking the selected research area as an example, the distribution situation of the ecological health index is shown in fig. 7, and the corresponding data of 2030 (namely, the distribution of the ecological health index of 2030) can be predicted according to the historical data. In some embodiments, the ecological risk index ERI for the region corresponding to the type of land in the study area is obtained as follows:
wherein A is kp Represents the area of the kth risk zone landscape p, A k Represents the area of the kth risk zone, R p The landscape loss index indicating the landscape p, and N indicating that the land type corresponding area in the investigation region contains the total landscape number. Taking the selected research area as an example, the distribution situation of the ecological risk indexes is shown in fig. 8, and the corresponding data in 2030 (namely, the ecological risk index distribution in 2030) can be predicted according to the historical data.
S23, according to the steps S21 and S22, the comprehensive ecological safety indexes of all pixels i (namely, pixel-by-pixel processing) and all land type corresponding areas (after pixel-by-pixel processing, all pixels of the area corresponding to each land type respectively correspond to each land type) in the research area are sequentially obtained. Taking the selected research area as an example, the distribution situation of the comprehensive ecological safety indexes is shown in fig. 9, and the corresponding data in 2030 (namely, the comprehensive ecological safety index distribution in 2030) can be predicted according to the historical data.
And S3, constructing a comprehensive resistance surface based on the research area data and circuit theory, and drawing and expressing by utilizing GIS tool software. Taking the selected research area as an example, the comprehensive resistance surface distribution situation is shown in fig. 11, and corresponding data in year 2030 (namely, comprehensive resistance surface distribution in year 2030) can be predicted according to historical data.
S4, map expression is carried out on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area by utilizing GIS tool software; and carrying out data extraction on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area based on the circuit theory by utilizing GIS tool software to obtain an ecological corridor of the research area. Taking the selected research area as an example, the ecological corridor distribution situation is shown in fig. 10, and corresponding data in 2030 (namely, 2030 ecological corridor distribution) can be predicted according to historical data. The ecological corridor is used as a tie for maintaining substance transmission and energy flow between the source and the ground, and is a key for effectively maintaining ecological process and improving landscape connectivity. The ecological corridor is extracted by adopting the Linkage Pathways Tool of the circumfluence type, the shorter ecological corridor is removed, the importance of the corridor is analyzed according to the ratio of the weighted distance of the cost and the path length, the classification is carried out based on a natural breakpoint method, and the corridor with smaller resistance is more important.
In some embodiments, steps S1-S2 may be processed in further detail according to the principles shown in FIG. 4.
And S5, carrying out data extraction on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area based on the circuit theory by utilizing GIS tool software to obtain ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points of the research area. The ecological pinch point has small resistance, which indicates that species easily pass through a low resistance area in the middle of migration, and the ecological communication function born by the ecological pinch point is outstanding, thus being an important protection area for maintaining ecological stability. Pinchpoint Mapper tools can be used for identification, and the high-accumulation current density area is extracted to serve as an ecological pinch point based on a natural breakpoint method. The ecological barrier points are key areas for preventing species from flowing between ecological sources and grounds, and the connectivity between the sources and the grounds can be obviously improved by removing the barrier points. The ecological Barrier points can be identified by adopting a Barrier Mapper tool, and a high-accumulation current recovery value area is extracted based on a natural breakpoint method to serve as the ecological Barrier points. Examples are as follows: the grasslands and cultivated lands in Ningxia Hui autonomous regions have the highest proportion, and are dominant, and the unused lands, woodlands, built-up areas and water bodies are second. Cultivated land, grasslands and unused lands in Ningxia areas of 2000-2020 have a tendency to continuously decrease, wherein the cultivated land occupancy rate is greatest. The area of the built-up area is greatly increased compared with the area of the built-up area in 2000 in 2020, and the area of the built-up area is increased by 130.77% in 2020, wherein the main development area is yellow river and tributary coastal areas thereof. The EFI high-value area of the ecological system service function index of Ningxia Hui autonomous region 2000-2030 is mainly distributed in the Helan mountain area in the northwest and the six-disc mountain area in the southwest; the low value area is mainly a sand slope head area and is positioned in the southeast of the Tenggrei desert. In 2000-2020, the rapid expansion of towns in Ningxia plain and coastal areas of yellow river resulted in this areaDomain ecological health deteriorates. The Ningxia middle-low risk area is mainly located in the northern Helan mountain, the southern Helan mountain, the Ningxia middle grassland and the Yinchuan urban area, and the middle-high risk area is mainly located in the sand slope head area and the northern farming and grazing staggered area. In four simulation scenes of 2000-2020 and 2030, the medium safety and higher safety level have the highest proportion, about 70% of the area, and are mainly located in areas such as salt pond county, sea source county and Ningxia plain, and the main land use types are grasslands and cultivated lands. The low safety and lower safety level have the smallest proportion, and the main land utilization types are built-up areas and unused lands, and the north part of the sand slope head area and the Yinchuan city area are mainly used. The high safety area is mainly located in the middle of the Helan mountain, the Liuzhu mountain and Ningxia. The area in the ecological safety evaluation is selected to be more than 10km 2 The high safety area is used as an ecological source. The ecological source area is as follows:
source and land statistics in year 2000-2020 and year 2030
The source land generally shows a trend of increasing number but decreasing area in 2000-2020, with a typical area in the middle of Ningxia. This shows that the ecological risk increases to some extent from the middle of Ningxia to the publicin sand with landscape breaking aggravated. In 2010-2020, the number and area of land sources increased, indicating that the ecological land was well protected during this period. ED (-18.99%) scene source land area reduction is maximum and partial source land plaque area is reduced to 10km 2 The following, result in a reduced number of sources; the EP (4.81%) scene source area has the largest amplification and stable quantity, which shows that the method mainly enlarges the original source area and is more beneficial to the protection of ecological source areas. Wherein ND represents a natural development scenario, ED represents an economic development scenario, EP represents an ecological protection scenario, and BD represents a balanced development scenario.
The ecological resistance surface of Ningxia Hui autonomous region has obvious space difference, the high resistance area is concentrated in the region where human activities are dense, mainly the built-up area and the unused area, and the low resistance area is mainly ecological land. The distribution situation of the ecological galleries in the year 2000-2030 in Ningxia is the highest in the important ecological galleries from the aspect of quantity characteristics, and the important ecological galleries are the key ecological galleries and the general ecological galleries. From the regional characteristics, the gallery in the Shaoxing county in 2000 is longest in distribution, accounts for 25.12% of the total gallery length, and after 2010, the gallery lengths in the salt pond county, lingwu city, concentric county, shapo head region and Hongfu region are increased rapidly due to source change, and the gallery length in the salt pond county reaches 2020 to overtake the ecological gallery length in the Shaoxing county in the sea, and accounts for 14.94% of the total length of the ecological gallery in 2020. This means that the above region is a gathering region where species migrate for a long distance, and it is necessary to pay attention to maintenance of galleries in this region to ensure ecological communication function and maintain ecological stability. The gallery distribution in the simulated scenario is similar to 2020, but the gallery type changes significantly. The KEC in the ED scene is significantly reduced, and the rest of the scenes are more stable.
Ecological corridor statistics
The areas (pinch points) with large current values are mainly concentrated in the Lingwu city and bronze isthmus city (L1) in the middle and the Hainan county (L2) in the south, while the sand slope head area in the west and the Helan mountain area have the least pinch points, which are related to the number of sources and the distance between the sources, the more densely distributed the sources are, the closer the distance is, and the higher the ecological function connectivity is. After 2010, the number of L1 area points is increased, which is related to fragmentation of source areas and newly increased source areas in salt pond county, and the number of L2 area points is also in an ascending state, mainly due to the influence of newly increased source areas in the surrounding areas. The method has the advantages that the source-ground dense area is a region with good ecological function connectivity, and the distribution of the pinch points is dense; the peripheral pinch points of the middle bulleyaconitine sand are the most, the gallery network is dense and broken, the structure is complex, and the rest is the south. The ecological barrier points of the research area in 2000-2020 are also in an increasing trend, the barrier points at 71 are identified in 2000, and the maximum barrier point area is 12.24km 2 The total area is 137.88km 2 88.73% of the obstacle area is less than 5km 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The handicap points in 2010 and 2020 increased to 9, respectively2 and 98, respectively, with a total area of 150.84km 2 And 158.40km2, about 95% of the obstacle area is less than 5km 2 。
Clip point and obstacle point statistics under simulation scenes of 2000-2020 and 2030
The invention shows that the PEC coupling model can be fully utilized in Ningxia Hui autonomous region, and can complete the construction of the regional ecological safety pattern under multi-scenario simulation while carrying out ecological safety evaluation. In the constructed ecological safety pattern, an ecological source land is taken as a core, an ecological corridor is taken as an axis, an ecological clamping point is taken as a bearing point, and an ecological barrier point is taken as a repairing point, so that an ecological safety network in Ningxia regions is formed. In the space distribution, ningxia ecological source land is in the state of less east, less north and south aggregation, the source land area of the Zhongwei city and the solid original city is more than 70 percent, the Yinchuan city and the Shizuishan city in the western New Zealand mountain area are also distributed in large ecological source land, the main ecological source land axis is 'New Zealand mountain-Luoshan-Liujishan', and the rest areas are distributed less and finely crushed. The circuit theory has the advantages of simulating species random walk and identifying nodes, can effectively express ecological mobility, connects an optimal path of ecological flow between ecological sources and grounds, integrates all landscape elements in space distribution and functions, and maintains the integrity of regional ecological systems. The ecological pinch points are key high-flow points in ecological flow, so that the toughness of an ecological network can be improved, the ecological flow resistance can be saved, and meanwhile, the ecological pinch points are irreplaceable in view connectivity improvement. Finally, ecological barrier points are areas which obstruct movement between plaques with important ecological significance, and restoration of ecological barrier points can improve landscape connectivity to the greatest extent and establish a healthier ecological safety network. Therefore, the ecological protection and restoration are carried out by taking the elements of the ecological pattern as starting points, the ecological safety network is perfected, and a healthy ecological safety pattern is constructed.
The ecological source land is used as an important plaque for maintaining the stability of an ecological system and the integrity of a landscape pattern, and is a basic guarantee for maintaining regional ecological safety and protecting biodiversity. Not only are various high quality ecosystem service functions required to be provided, but also high level of ecosystem health and lower ecological risks are required to be maintained. At present, studies are carried out on directly selecting forest lands, water bodies or natural protection areas as ecological source lands when the source lands are identified, or selecting the source lands only according to the service importance of the ecological system, and the aim of omitting ecological safety is to ensure that the ecological system can provide service in a state of continuous health and lower risk. The invention divides the safety level according to the natural breakpoint method based on the comprehensive ecological safety index, selects the high-safety area with the area larger than 10km 2 Is used as ecological source land. The ecological resistance surface is the basis of calculating the diffusion path of the species under the condition of overcoming resistance, and the more perfect the ecological function of the region is, the smaller the resistance to the migration of the species is, and the larger the reverse is. The invention researches three angles of comprehensive natural factors, topography factors and social factors, and selects 8 indexes of elevation, gradient, topography fluctuation, land utilization, vegetation coverage, population density, distance from roads, distance from water bodies and the like to construct a comprehensive resistance surface. The index was graded and the drag coefficients from low to high (1-5) were as follows:
higher drag coefficients indicate greater resistance to species migration, and analytical hierarchy techniques are used to determine the index weights.
The ecological safety index evaluation system based on the coupling model inversion comprises an acquisition module, a model processing system and an output module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring research area data comprising land utilization data, basic geographic information, meteorological data, topographic data, soil data and socioeconomic data and inputting the research area data into the model processing system, the model processing system comprises an InVEST model and an ecological health calculation model, the InVEST model comprises a habitat quality calculation module, a carbon sequestration amount calculation module, a soil conservation calculation module and a water conservation calculation module, the habitat quality calculation module is used for obtaining habitat quality based on the research area data, the carbon sequestration amount calculation module is used for obtaining carbon sequestration amount based on the research area data, the soil conservation calculation module is used for obtaining soil conservation data based on the research area data, the water conservation calculation module is used for obtaining water conservation data based on the research area data, and the InVEST model is used for obtaining an evaluation result of an ecological system service function based on the research area data; the ecological health calculation model is used for calculating an ecological system health index and a comprehensive ecological safety index corresponding to each land type according to the land type area based on the research area data; the output module is used for outputting data. The invention also comprises a chart display module connected with the model processing system. The chart display module is internally provided with GIS tool software, and is used for constructing a comprehensive resistance surface based on the data of the research area and drawing and expressing by utilizing the GIS tool software; the chart display module utilizes GIS tool software to carry out map expression on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area; carrying out data extraction on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area based on the circuit theory by utilizing GIS tool software to obtain an ecological corridor of the research area; the chart display module utilizes GIS tool software to extract data of the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area based on the circuit theory to obtain ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points of the research area.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An ecological safety index assessment method based on coupling model inversion is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring research area data input including land utilization data, basic geographic information, meteorological data, topographic data, soil data and socioeconomic data, constructing an InVEST model comprising a habitat quality calculation module, a carbon fixation calculation module, a soil maintenance calculation module and a water source conservation calculation module, classifying and dividing the InVEST model according to land types to obtain areas corresponding to the land types, wherein the land types comprise cultivated lands, woodlands, grasslands, water bodies, construction lands and unused lands, and obtaining an ecological system service function evaluation result of each land type according to the following formula:
wherein HQ represents a habitat quality standardization result, CS represents a carbon sequestration standardization result, SC represents a water and soil conservation standardization result, WY represents a water conservation standardization result;
s2, constructing an ecological health calculation model, inputting research area data into the ecological health calculation model, and respectively calculating an ecological system health index and a comprehensive ecological safety index corresponding to each land type based on a land type area, wherein the land type comprises cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water body, construction land and unused land;
s21, comprehensively representing an ecological system health index of a region corresponding to the land type in a research region by three factors including vitality, tissue strength and resilience, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
the vitality of the pixel i in the region corresponding to the land type in the research region passes through NDVI i Values are characterized:
wherein NIR represents the reflection value of the near infrared band of the pixel i, and R represents the reflection value of the red band of the pixel i;
the expression formula of the tissue force of the pixel i in the region corresponding to the land type in the research region is as follows:
O i =0.35×lc+0.35×lh+0.3×ic; wherein O represents the organization force factor of pixel i, LH represents landscape heterogeneity, LC represents landscape connectivity, and IC represents important plaque connectivity;
and carrying out restoring force expression on the region corresponding to the land type in the research region according to the pixel i:
wherein RC is a combination of i Representing the restoring force of pixel i, NDVI i NDVI value, NDVI, representing pixel i meanj NDVI average value, RC of the type j of the place where the image element i is located j 1 The coefficient of restitution, RC, representing the type j of the land j 2 A resistance coefficient representing the land type j;
the ecosystem health index EHI of the pixel i of the region corresponding to the land type in the research region is obtained according to the following method i ：
Therein V, O s R respectively represents the activity, the tissue force and the restoring force factor of the pixel i after standardization;
s22, comprehensive ecological safety index ESI of pixel i of region corresponding to land type in research region i The method comprises the following steps:
wherein EFI is s Represents the ecological service function index (ERI) after the standardization of the corresponding region of the type of the place where the pixel i is located s Represents the ecological risk index after the standardization of the corresponding region of the type of the place where the pixel i is located, and EHI s Representing the ecological health index of the pixel i after standardization;
s23, sequentially obtaining the comprehensive ecological safety indexes of all pixels i in the research area and the areas corresponding to all land types according to the step S21 and the step S22.
2. The coupling model inversion-based ecological safety index evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S22, the ecological risk index ERI of the area corresponding to the land type in the study area is obtained as follows:
wherein A is kp Represents the area of the kth risk zone landscape p, A k Represents the area of the kth risk zone, R p The landscape loss index indicating the landscape p, and N indicating that the land type corresponding area in the investigation region contains the total landscape number.
3. The coupling model inversion-based ecological safety index evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein: the method also comprises the following steps:
s3, constructing a comprehensive resistance surface based on the data of the research area and drawing and expressing by utilizing GIS tool software.
4. The coupling model inversion-based ecological safety index evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein: the method also comprises the following steps:
s4, map expression is carried out on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area by utilizing GIS tool software; and carrying out data extraction on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area based on the circuit theory by utilizing GIS tool software to obtain an ecological corridor of the research area.
5. The coupling model inversion-based ecological safety index evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein: the method also comprises the following steps:
and S5, carrying out data extraction on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area based on the circuit theory by utilizing GIS tool software to obtain ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points of the research area.
6. An ecological security index evaluation system based on coupling model inversion is characterized in that: the system comprises an acquisition module, a model processing system and an output module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring research area data including land utilization data, basic geographic information, meteorological data, topographic data, soil data and socioeconomic data and inputting the data into the model processing system, the model processing system comprises an InVEST model and an ecological health calculation model, the InVEST model comprises a habitat quality calculation module, a carbon fixing amount calculation module, a soil maintenance calculation module and a water source conservation calculation module, the habitat quality calculation module is used for obtaining habitat quality based on the research area data calculation, the carbon fixing amount calculation module is used for obtaining carbon fixing amount based on the research area data calculation, the soil maintenance calculation module is used for obtaining soil maintenance data based on the research area data calculation, the water source conservation calculation module is used for obtaining water source conservation data based on the research area data calculation, and the InVEST model is used for obtaining an evaluation result of an ecological system service function based on the research area data calculation; the ecological health calculation model is used for calculating an ecological system health index and a comprehensive ecological safety index corresponding to each land type according to the land type area based on the research area data; the output module is used for outputting data.
7. The coupling model inversion based ecological security index evaluation system of claim 6 wherein: the system also comprises a chart display module connected with the model processing system, wherein GIS tool software is arranged in the chart display module, and the chart display module constructs a comprehensive resistance surface based on the data of the research area and draws and expresses by using the GIS tool software; the chart display module utilizes GIS tool software to carry out map expression on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area; carrying out data extraction on the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area based on the circuit theory by utilizing GIS tool software to obtain an ecological corridor of the research area; the chart display module utilizes GIS tool software to extract data of the comprehensive ecological safety index of the research area based on the circuit theory to obtain ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points of the research area.
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