CN117026144A - Steel powder embedding vanadium-penetrating agent for high-carbon high-chromium bearing and vanadium-penetrating method - Google Patents
Steel powder embedding vanadium-penetrating agent for high-carbon high-chromium bearing and vanadium-penetrating method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117026144A CN117026144A CN202311022948.2A CN202311022948A CN117026144A CN 117026144 A CN117026144 A CN 117026144A CN 202311022948 A CN202311022948 A CN 202311022948A CN 117026144 A CN117026144 A CN 117026144A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- vanadium
- powder
- penetrating
- bearing
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000011378 penetrating method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron vanadium Chemical compound [V].[Fe] PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000005254 chromizing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021550 Vanadium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- RPESBQCJGHJMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentachlorovanadium Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[V+5] RPESBQCJGHJMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000628 Ferrovanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)-4-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(CCl)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(CCl)C=C1 INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003681 vanadium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
- C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a steel powder embedding vanadium-penetrating agent for a high-carbon high-chromium bearing and a vanadium-penetrating method, which are characterized in that the composition of the vanadium-penetrating agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: alumina powder: 45-50%; vanadium iron powder: 45-50%; cuprous chloride powder: 1 to 4 percent; chromium powder: 1 to 4 percent. The vanadium infiltration method comprises the following steps: preparing a penetrating agent; pouring part of the uniformly mixed vanadium-penetrating agent into a vanadium-penetrating tank, wherein the vanadium-penetrating agent accounts for 1/2-1/3 of the volume of the vanadium-penetrating tank, placing the steel for the bearing to be penetrated into the vanadium-penetrating tank, and continuously adding the vanadium-penetrating agent until the steel for the bearing to be penetrated is completely covered with the vanadium-penetrating agent; preserving the heat of the sealed vanadium infiltration tank for 1-7 h at 920-960 ℃; air cooling to room temperature, taking out, and ultrasonically cleaning. The invention generates a good vanadium-penetrating layer on the surface of the steel for the bearing, meets the requirement on high wear resistance of the bearing, and solves the problems of ammonia gas generation under the catalysis of ammonium chloride, rust on the surface of the bearing under long-term storage and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of chemical heat treatment, and particularly relates to a steel powder embedding vanadium-penetrating agent for a high-carbon high-chromium bearing and a vanadium-penetrating method.
Background
In recent years, the manufacturing industry has rapidly developed, and the requirements on bearings are increasing in industry. Due to the influence of working environment, bearing parts usually fail due to abrasion, fracture, corrosion and other reasons in the working process, and most of failure modes occur on the surface or start from the surface, so that the surface modification treatment of the material is the most effective method for prolonging the service life of the bearing. The surface modification is carried out on the surface of the bearing, so that the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the bearing can be effectively improved, and the tribological performance of the bearing is improved, thereby prolonging the service life of the bearing. Various surface modification methods have been developed, among which the surface metalizing method is widely used, and its principle is thermal reaction diffusion, and a metal carbide coating with higher hardness is formed on the surface of steel at a certain temperature and time.
At present, the mature surface metal infiltration process is chromizing, compared with the traditional steel piece heat treatment, the chromizing can effectively improve the mechanical property of the surface of the steel piece, the corrosion resistance of the steel piece is also improved, but the hardness and the wear resistance of the steel piece after chromizing are poor, the exfoliation phenomenon of a infiltrated layer is very easy to occur, and the high strength requirement of a bearing cannot be met. Compared with the chromizing process, the vanadium carbide coating has the characteristics of high hardness and good wear resistance, and the high-strength requirement of the bearing can be better met by applying the chromizing process to the surface strengthening of the bearing.
The activating agent in the general traditional vanadium-penetrating agent is ammonium chloride, but NH in the chemical heat treatment process 4 Cl is heated and decomposed to generate a large amount of ammonia gas, which can pollute the environment and even harm human bodies, and after the heat treatment is finished, the sample can generate a large amount of rust on the surface of the sample after long-term storage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention provides a steel powder embedding vanadium-penetrating agent for a high-carbon high-chromium bearing and a vanadium-penetrating method, and aims to solve the problems that the hardness and the wear resistance of a steel piece after chromizing are poor, and a coating is easy to peel off; and when the activator in the existing vanadium-penetrating agent is ammonium chloride, the problem of toxic gas can be generated.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the invention provides a steel powder embedding vanadium-penetrating agent for a high-carbon high-chromium bearing, which comprises vanadium iron powder, aluminum oxide, cuprous chloride and chromium powder, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: alumina powder: 45-50%; vanadium iron powder: 45-50%; cuprous chloride powder: 1 to 4 percent; chromium powder: 1 to 4 percent.
Further, the vanadium content in the vanadium iron powder is more than 40%, and the granularity is 100-300 meshes; the alumina powder is spherical, and the granularity is 100-300 meshes; the cuprous chloride and the chromium powder are analytically pure reagents, and the granularity is about 100-300 meshes.
Further, the vanadium penetrating agent comprises, by mass, 47.5% of alumina powder, 47.5% of vanadium iron powder, 3% of cuprous chloride powder and 2% of chromium powder.
The invention further provides a vanadium impregnation method of the steel powder embedded vanadium impregnation agent for the high-carbon high-chromium bearing, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a penetrating agent: weighing the required penetrant according to the mass percentage of an experiment plan, and uniformly mixing the penetrant for use;
step two, sample loading: pouring part of the uniformly mixed vanadium-penetrating agent into a vanadium-penetrating tank, enabling powder of the vanadium-penetrating agent to occupy 1/2-1/3 of the volume of the vanadium-penetrating tank, placing steel for a bearing to be penetrated into the vanadium-penetrating tank, continuously adding the vanadium-penetrating agent until the steel for the bearing to be penetrated is completely covered with the vanadium-penetrating agent, and ensuring that a steel piece for the bearing is placed in the middle of the vanadium-penetrating tank;
step three, vanadium infiltration: sealing the sealing cover with water glass and refractory clay, and preserving the heat of the sealed vanadium-permeating tank for 1-7 h at 920-960 ℃;
step four, air cooling: and after the vanadium infiltration is finished, taking out the vanadium infiltration tank, air-cooling to room temperature, taking out a steel piece, and ultrasonically cleaning to obtain the steel for the bearing with vanadium infiltration.
In the first step, the penetrating agent is mixed by fully mixing alumina powder, vanadium iron powder, cuprous chloride powder and Cr powder in a ball mill according to the proportion requirement for 10-20 min.
Furthermore, the bearing steel in the second step is subjected to surface pretreatment before being placed into a vanadium infiltration tank, wherein the pretreatment is as follows: 120-800 is adopted # The sand paper polishes the surface of the steel for the bearing, and mechanically polishes the surface of the steel for the bearing to ensure that the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.3um; and the mixture is ultrasonically cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol for 10 to 20 minutes, dried and packaged for standby.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the solid vanadium-penetrating agent disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the catalytic effect of ammonium chloride is completely replaced by the cuprous chloride and chromium powder serving as activating agents, no toxic gas is generated in the vanadium-penetrating process, and rust is not generated after the vanadium-penetrating agent is stored for a long time. The thickness of the vanadium-penetrating layer on the surface of the steel for the bearing can reach 12 mu m, and the hardness can reach 2390HV; the vanadium-doped layer on the surface of the steel for the bearing is uniform, and the peeling phenomenon is avoided.
The solid vanadium penetrating agent provided by the invention has the advantages of repeated use of powder, high utilization rate and low cost. The method for reinforcing the vanadium-doped steel powder for the bearing has the advantages of convenient operation, high production speed of the diffusion layer, compact and uniform diffusion layer structure, strong combination of the diffusion layer and the matrix, smooth and flat surface, capability of effectively improving the wear resistance of the steel for the bearing, prolonged service life, low cost and wide application space in industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic microstructure of a vanadium impregnation layer when the activator is cuprous chloride and chromium powder;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic microstructure of the vanadic layer of comparative example 1 when the activator is ammonium chloride;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic microstructure of the vanadic layer of comparative example 2 when the activator is cuprous chloride;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the hardness of the vanadium-impregnated layer of example 1 and comparative examples 1 and 2 for different activators according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an illustration of an activator species NH 4 Cl, the surface pattern of the sample is preserved for a long period;
FIG. 6 is a surface view of a sample after long-term storage when the activator species CuCl+Cr is used.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention by referring to the description.
The invention provides a vanadium-penetrating agent, which is prepared by uniformly mixing alumina powder, vanadium iron powder, cuprous chloride powder and chromium powder in different mass ratios to carry out vanadium-penetrating by a solid powder embedding method, wherein the prepared penetrating layer is compact, good in strength and toughness and flat in surface. Wherein the penetrating agent comprises the following components: alumina powder: 45-50%; vanadium iron powder: 45-50%; cuprous chloride powder: 1% -4%; chromium powder: 1 to 4 percent and the sum of the mass percentages is 100 percent. Wherein cuprous chloride powder and chromium powder are used as vanadium-penetrating activators to replace ammonium chloride, and harmful gas like ammonia gas is not generated in the vanadium-penetrating process.
Wherein the vanadium content in the vanadium iron powder is more than 40%, and the granularity is 100-300 meshes; the alumina powder is spherical, and the granularity is 100-300 meshes; the cuprous chloride and the chromium powder are analytically pure reagents, and the granularity is about 100-300 meshes.
The invention also provides a steel powder embedding vanadium-penetrating method for the high-carbon high-chromium bearing, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a penetrating agent: weighing the required penetrating agent according to the mass percentage of an experimental plan, and uniformly mixing the penetrating agent, namely weighing alumina powder, vanadium iron powder, cuprous chloride powder and chromium powder according to the proportion required by the experiment, and fully mixing in a ball mill for 10-20 min for use;
step two, sample loading: pouring part of the uniformly mixed vanadium-penetrating agent into a vanadium-penetrating tank, enabling powder of the vanadium-penetrating agent to occupy 1/2-1/3 of the volume of the vanadium-penetrating tank, placing steel for a bearing to be penetrated into the vanadium-penetrating tank, continuously adding the vanadium-penetrating agent until the steel for the bearing to be penetrated is completely covered with the vanadium-penetrating agent, and ensuring that a steel piece for the bearing is placed in the middle of the vanadium-penetrating tank;
the steel piece for the bearing needs to be pretreated on the surface before being placed into a vanadium infiltration tank, and comprises the following components: 120-800 is adopted # Grinding the surface of the steel for the bearing by sand paper, mechanically polishing to ensure that the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.3um, ultrasonically cleaning the steel for 10 to 20 minutes by absolute ethyl alcohol, drying and bagging for later use;
step three, vanadium infiltration: sealing the sealing cover with water glass and refractory clay, placing the sealed vanadium-infiltrated tank into a high-temperature resistance furnace, and preserving heat for 1-7 h at 920-960 ℃;
step four, air cooling: and after the vanadium infiltration is finished, taking out the vanadium infiltration tank, air cooling to room temperature of 25 ℃, taking out the steel piece, and ultrasonically cleaning to obtain the steel piece after the vanadium infiltration is finished for testing.
Example 1
Step one, preparing a penetrating agent: weighing 47.5% of alumina powder, 47.5% of vanadium iron powder, 3% of cuprous chloride powder and 2% of chromium powder, and uniformly mixing the penetrating agent for use.
Step two, sample loading: pouring the uniformly mixed vanadium-penetrating agent into a vanadium-penetrating tank, enabling powder to occupy 1/2-1/3 of the volume of the vanadium-penetrating tank, placing steel for a bearing to be penetrated into a infiltrating tank, continuing to add the vanadium-penetrating agent until the steel for the bearing to be penetrated is completely covered, and ensuring that a steel piece for the bearing is placed in the middle of the infiltrating tank;
step three, vanadium infiltration: sealing the vanadium infiltration tank with water glass and refractory clay, putting the sealed vanadium infiltration tank into a high-temperature resistance furnace, and preserving heat for 5 hours at 940 ℃;
step four, air cooling: and after the vanadium infiltration is finished, taking out the vanadium infiltration tank, air-cooling to room temperature of 25 ℃, and taking out the steel piece for ultrasonic cleaning for testing.
After the above is completed, the second and third vanadizing is carried out on the penetrant under the same parameter value condition. And the sample was stored at room temperature of 25℃for 30 days for a long period of time to observe the surface condition of the sample.
The obtained seepage layer is shown in figure 1, and the thickness of the vanadium seepage layer is 11.78 mu m; hardness data is shown in FIG. 4, with a hardness of 2390.5HV; the vanadium-doped layer on the surface of the steel piece is uniform, and no flaking phenomenon exists.
Example 2
Step one, preparing a penetrating agent: weighing 47.5% of alumina powder, 47.5% of vanadium iron powder, 4% of cuprous chloride powder and 1% of chromium powder, and uniformly mixing the penetrating agent for use.
Step two, sample loading: pouring the uniformly mixed vanadium-penetrating agent into a vanadium-penetrating tank, enabling powder to occupy 1/2-1/3 of the volume of the vanadium-penetrating tank, placing steel for a bearing to be penetrated into a infiltrating tank, continuing to add the vanadium-penetrating agent until the steel for the bearing to be penetrated is completely covered, and ensuring that a steel piece for the bearing is placed in the middle of the infiltrating tank;
step three, vanadium infiltration: sealing the vanadium infiltration tank with water glass and refractory clay, putting the sealed vanadium infiltration tank into a high-temperature resistance furnace, and preserving heat for 5 hours at 940 ℃;
step four, air cooling: and after the vanadium infiltration is finished, taking out the vanadium infiltration tank, air-cooling to room temperature of 25 ℃, and taking out the steel piece for ultrasonic cleaning for testing.
After the above is completed, the second and third vanadizing is carried out on the penetrant under the same parameter value condition.
The thickness of the vanadium-penetrating layer is 10.54 mu m, and the hardness is 2207.9HV; the vanadium-doped layer on the surface of the steel piece is uniform, and no flaking phenomenon exists.
Example 3
Step one, preparing a penetrating agent: weighing 47.5% of alumina powder, 47.5% of vanadium iron powder, 1% of cuprous chloride powder and 4% of chromium powder, and uniformly mixing the penetrating agent for use.
Step two, sample loading: pouring the uniformly mixed vanadium-penetrating agent into a vanadium-penetrating tank, enabling powder to occupy 1/2-1/3 of the volume of the vanadium-penetrating tank, placing steel for a bearing to be penetrated into a infiltrating tank, continuing to add the vanadium-penetrating agent until the steel for the bearing to be penetrated is completely covered, and ensuring that a steel piece for the bearing is placed in the middle of the infiltrating tank;
step three, vanadium infiltration: sealing the vanadium infiltration tank with water glass and refractory clay, putting the sealed vanadium infiltration tank into a high-temperature resistance furnace, and preserving heat for 5 hours at 940 ℃;
step four, air cooling: and after the vanadium infiltration is finished, taking out the vanadium infiltration tank, air-cooling to room temperature of 25 ℃, and taking out the steel piece for ultrasonic cleaning for testing.
After the above is completed, the second and third vanadizing is carried out on the penetrant under the same parameter value condition.
The thickness of the vanadium-penetrating layer is 8.12 mu m, and the hardness is 1985.6HV; the vanadium-doped layer on the surface of the steel piece is uniform, and no flaking phenomenon exists.
Comparative example 1
Step one, preparing a penetrating agent: weighing 47.5% of alumina powder, 47.5% of vanadium iron powder and 5% of ammonium chloride powder, and uniformly mixing the penetrating agent for use.
Step two, sample loading: pouring the uniformly mixed vanadium-penetrating agent into a vanadium-penetrating tank, enabling powder to occupy 1/2-1/3 of the volume of the vanadium-penetrating tank, placing the steel for the bearing to be penetrated into a infiltrating tank, continuing to add the vanadium-penetrating agent until the steel for the bearing to be penetrated is completely covered, and ensuring that the steel for the bearing is placed in the middle of the infiltrating tank;
step three, vanadium infiltration: sealing the vanadium infiltration tank with water glass and refractory clay, putting the sealed vanadium infiltration tank into a high-temperature resistance furnace, and preserving heat for 5 hours at 940 ℃;
step four, air cooling: and after the vanadium infiltration is finished, taking out the vanadium infiltration tank, air-cooling to room temperature of 25 ℃, and taking out the steel piece for ultrasonic cleaning for testing.
After the above is completed, the second and third vanadizing is carried out on the penetrant under the same parameter value condition. The sample was stored for a long period of time, and conditions such as storage environment and time were the same as in example 1, and the surface condition of the sample was observed.
The obtained seepage layer is shown in figure 2, and the thickness of the vanadium seepage layer is 10.11 mu m; hardness data is shown in FIG. 4, with a hardness of 2085.7HV.
Comparative example 2
Step one, preparing a penetrating agent: weighing 47.5% of alumina powder, 47.5% of vanadium iron powder and 5% of cuprous chloride powder, and uniformly mixing the penetrating agent for use.
Step two, sample loading: pouring the uniformly mixed vanadium-penetrating agent into a vanadium-penetrating tank, enabling powder to occupy 1/2-1/3 of the volume of the vanadium-penetrating tank, placing steel for a bearing to be penetrated into a infiltrating tank, continuing to add the vanadium-penetrating agent until the steel for the bearing to be penetrated is completely covered, and ensuring that a steel piece for the bearing is placed in the middle of the infiltrating tank;
step three, vanadium infiltration: sealing the vanadium infiltration tank with water glass and refractory clay, putting the sealed vanadium infiltration tank into a high-temperature resistance furnace, and preserving heat for 5 hours at 940 ℃;
step four, air cooling: and after the vanadium infiltration is finished, taking out the vanadium infiltration tank, air-cooling to room temperature of 25 ℃, and taking out the steel piece for ultrasonic cleaning for testing.
After the above is completed, the second and third vanadizing is carried out on the penetrant under the same parameter value condition.
The obtained seepage layer is shown in figure 3, and the thickness of the vanadium seepage layer is 6.53 mu m; hardness data is shown in FIG. 4, with a hardness of 773.3HV.
Analysis of experimental results:
comparing the secondary vanadium permeation results of the example 1 and the comparative example 1, the range of the permeation layer is shown in figures 1 and 2, the thickness of the comparative example 1 is 10.11 μm, the thickness of the example 1 is 11.78 μm, the hardness of the comparative example 1 is 2085.7HV, and the hardness of the example 1 is 2390.5HV, so that the vanadium permeation layer thickness is thick after the vanadium permeation of the invention, and the vanadium permeation effect is better than that of the method of using ammonium chloride as a vanadium permeation activator.
After long-term preservation, the surface condition of the sample is shown in fig. 5-6, when the activator is CuCl+Cr, the thickness and hardness of the seepage layer are obviously improved compared with those of ammonium chloride, the reaction principle of the seepage layer and the ammonium chloride is similar, harmful gas is not generated in the heat treatment process, and rust is not generated on the surface of the sample after long-term preservation.
Principle of reaction of activator ammonium chloride:
NH in heating process of vanadizing 4 Cl is heated and decomposed to generate HCl, and the HCl reacts with ferrovanadium to generate vanadium chloride after reaching a certain temperature, and the specific reaction is as follows:
NH 4 Cl→NH 3 +HCl (1.1)
4HCl+V→VCl 4 ↑+2H 2 (1.2)
at high temperature, the gaseous VCl is produced 4 When contacting with Fe on the surface of a steel piece, a displacement reaction occurs, active V atoms are displaced on the surface of the steel piece, and the specific reaction is as follows:
at the same time H 2 And also reacts with vanadium chloride to reduce V atoms, and the reaction is as follows:
VCl 4 +2H 2 →V+4HCl (1.4)
finally, the generated active V atoms and the C atoms diffused in the matrix meet at the surface of the matrix to generate the VC ceramic coating, and the reaction is as follows:
V+C→VC (1.5)
reaction principle of activator CuCl+Cr:
the activating agent CuCl is extremely easy to oxidize in the air to generate basic copper chloride Cu 2 (OH) 3 Cl and Cr are taken as catalysts, the infiltration agent is uniformly mixed and then is filled into an infiltration tank, the infiltration tank is put into a box-type resistance furnace, and Cu in the infiltration agent is increased along with the temperature rise 2 (OH) 3 Cl is decomposed by heating to formHCl and CuO react with ferrovanadium to generate vanadium chloride after reaching a certain temperature, and the specific reaction is as follows:
Cu 2 (OH) 3 Cl→2CuO+HCl+H 2 O (2.1)
4HCl+V→VCl 4 ↑+2H 2 (2.2)
at high temperature, the gaseous VCl is produced 4 When contacting with Fe on the surface of a steel piece, a displacement reaction occurs, active V atoms are displaced on the surface of the steel piece, and the specific reaction is as follows:
at the same time H 2 Will also be in conjunction with VCl 4 The reaction is carried out to reduce the V atom, and the reaction is as follows:
VCl 4 +2H 2 →V+4HCl (2.4)
finally, the generated active V atoms and the C atoms diffused in the matrix meet at the surface of the matrix to generate the VC ceramic coating, and the reaction is as follows:
V+C→VC (2.5)
comparing the experimental results obtained in example 1 and comparative example 2, the thickness and hardness of the vanadium-impregnated layer obtained in example 1 are significantly higher than those of comparative example 2. The vanadium-doped layer prepared by the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the thickness of the vanadium-doped layer is thicker, the combination between the vanadium-doped layer and the matrix is tight, the hardness of the vanadium-doped layer is higher, and the friction and wear properties of the steel for the bearing can be effectively improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown and described, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and accordingly, the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The steel powder embedding vanadium-penetrating agent for the high-carbon high-chromium bearing is characterized by comprising vanadium iron powder, aluminum oxide, cuprous chloride and chromium powder, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: alumina powder: 45-50%; vanadium iron powder: 45-50%; cuprous chloride powder: 1 to 4 percent; chromium powder: 1 to 4 percent.
2. The steel powder embedding vanadium penetrating agent for high carbon and high chromium bearings according to claim 1, wherein the vanadium content in the vanadium iron powder is more than 40%, and the granularity is 100-300 meshes; the alumina powder is spherical, and the granularity is 100-300 meshes; the cuprous chloride and the chromium powder are analytically pure reagents, and the granularity is about 100-300 meshes.
3. The steel powder embedding vanadium penetrating agent for high carbon and high chromium bearings according to claim 1, wherein the vanadium penetrating agent comprises, by mass, 47.5% of alumina powder, 47.5% of vanadium iron powder, 3% of cuprous chloride powder and 2% of chromium powder.
4. A method for the infiltration of the steel powder-embedded infiltration agent for the high-carbon high-chromium bearing according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, preparing a penetrating agent: weighing the required penetrant according to the mass percentage of an experiment plan, and uniformly mixing the penetrant for use;
step two, sample loading: pouring part of the uniformly mixed vanadium-penetrating agent into a vanadium-penetrating tank, enabling powder of the vanadium-penetrating agent to occupy 1/2-1/3 of the volume of the vanadium-penetrating tank, placing steel for a bearing to be penetrated into the vanadium-penetrating tank, continuously adding the vanadium-penetrating agent until the steel for the bearing to be penetrated is completely covered with the vanadium-penetrating agent, and ensuring that a steel piece for the bearing is placed in the middle of the vanadium-penetrating tank;
step three, vanadium infiltration: sealing the sealing cover with water glass and refractory clay, and preserving the heat of the sealed vanadium-permeating tank for 1-7 h at 920-960 ℃;
step four, air cooling: and after the vanadium infiltration is finished, taking out the vanadium infiltration tank, air-cooling to room temperature, taking out a steel piece, and ultrasonically cleaning to obtain the steel for the bearing with vanadium infiltration.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the infiltrant is mixed in the first step by mixing alumina powder, vanadium iron powder, cuprous chloride powder and Cr powder in a ball mill for 10-20 min.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the bearing steel is subjected to surface pretreatment before being placed into the vanadium infiltration tank, and the pretreatment is as follows: 120-800 is adopted # The sand paper polishes the surface of the steel for the bearing, and mechanically polishes the surface of the steel for the bearing to ensure that the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.3um;
and the mixture is ultrasonically cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol for 10 to 20 minutes, dried and packaged for standby.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311022948.2A CN117026144A (en) | 2023-08-15 | 2023-08-15 | Steel powder embedding vanadium-penetrating agent for high-carbon high-chromium bearing and vanadium-penetrating method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311022948.2A CN117026144A (en) | 2023-08-15 | 2023-08-15 | Steel powder embedding vanadium-penetrating agent for high-carbon high-chromium bearing and vanadium-penetrating method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117026144A true CN117026144A (en) | 2023-11-10 |
Family
ID=88642717
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311022948.2A Pending CN117026144A (en) | 2023-08-15 | 2023-08-15 | Steel powder embedding vanadium-penetrating agent for high-carbon high-chromium bearing and vanadium-penetrating method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117026144A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-08-15 CN CN202311022948.2A patent/CN117026144A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Keong et al. | Crystallisation and phase transformation behaviour of electroless nickel-phosphorus deposits and their engineering properties | |
| EP1739202B1 (en) | Titanium treatment to minimize fretting | |
| CN114836711B (en) | Metal surface hardening method | |
| CN111979513B (en) | Preparation method of low-temperature boronized ductile iron wear-resistant surface | |
| CN114231895B (en) | Austenitic stainless steel high-performance low-temperature high-efficiency ion composite infiltration surface modification method | |
| CN103602946B (en) | A kind of method improving Shaft of Titanium Alloy seat surface wear resistance | |
| CN113106443B (en) | 304 stainless steel coated with self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating and preparation method thereof | |
| CN117026144A (en) | Steel powder embedding vanadium-penetrating agent for high-carbon high-chromium bearing and vanadium-penetrating method | |
| CN113582727A (en) | Method for preparing hard metal carbide coating on graphite surface | |
| CN103276349B (en) | Low-carbon steel surface salt bath rare earth vanadium-titanium boronizing agent and treatment process thereof | |
| CN113005396A (en) | Powder embedding aluminizing process for Q345 steel surface in air environment | |
| CN114574801B (en) | Multicomponent alloy co-permeation agent and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109338285A (en) | A method of Si-Co composite cementation gradient coating is formed in titanium alloy surface | |
| CN110408966B (en) | Diffusion synthesis of nickel alloyed Fe3Method for enhancing comprehensive performance of steel surface by Si composite layer | |
| CN113005394B (en) | J55 steel pipe processing method based on rare earth catalytic carbonitriding | |
| CN114317898A (en) | Method for improving wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ferritic stainless steel surface | |
| CN116251722B (en) | Preparation method of sulfur-based self-lubricating coating on surface of gear steel | |
| CN107779813B (en) | Preparation process of Cr-Al-Ce-Y thermal protection coating on surface of titanium-aluminum alloy and penetrating agent thereof | |
| CN106191654B (en) | A kind of economical abrasive is anti-corrosion iron ware and preparation method | |
| CN113025949B (en) | Boron-sulfur co-permeation reagent, boron-sulfur chemical permeation method, boron-sulfur co-permeation metal workpiece and application | |
| CN115233150B (en) | Formula of rare earth carbonitriding compound salt of Q235 and 9Cr18Mo and QPQ gas carbonitriding salt bath process thereof | |
| Zheng et al. | Effect of cooling methods on the tribological, oxidation and corrosion properties of CeO2 composite boronizing coatings on 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel | |
| CN117328013B (en) | Aviation broach surface coating and preparation process thereof | |
| JPS6270561A (en) | Surface treatment of iron alloy material | |
| CN116987845A (en) | Method for improving hardness of 42CrMo gear steel by adopting laser reinforced auxiliary carbon nanomaterial |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |