CN117026067A - Preparation method of sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC - Google Patents
Preparation method of sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC Download PDFInfo
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- CN117026067A CN117026067A CN202311243264.5A CN202311243264A CN117026067A CN 117026067 A CN117026067 A CN 117026067A CN 202311243264 A CN202311243264 A CN 202311243264A CN 117026067 A CN117026067 A CN 117026067A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000915 Free machining steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=S CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001669 calcium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC, and relates to the technical field of steelmaking. The preparation method of the sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.35 to 0.45 percent of C, 0.80 to 1.20 percent of Si, 0.40 to 0.60 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, 0.080 to 0.120 percent of S, 4.80 to 5.30 percent of Cr, 1.30 to 1.40 percent of Mo, 0.40 to 0.50 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, 0.015 to 0.035 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.0004 percent of H, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of O, and the balance of iron and impurities. According to the preparation method, the distribution of sulfides in steel is improved through forging and heating temperature control, the purpose of free cutting machining of steel is achieved, and in the machining processes of turning, milling, drilling, grinding and the like, the cutting force of die steel is obviously reduced, the cutting temperature is reduced, chip breaking performance and chip cleaning efficiency are improved, the surface roughness is reduced, the surface quality and polishing performance are improved, and further the cutter consumption and machining cost are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steelmaking, in particular to a preparation method of sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC.
Background
Sulfur is a detrimental element in the normal case, causing hot shortness to the steel, reducing ductility and toughness of the steel, and causing cracks during forging and rolling. Sulfur also has a detrimental effect on welding performance and reduces corrosion resistance. It is generally desirable to have a sulfur content of less than 0.055% and a high quality steel of less than 0.030%. However, the addition of 0.08 to 0.20% sulfur to steel improves machinability, commonly known as free-cutting steel. In the machining process, the free-cutting steel can prolong the service life of the cutter, reduce the cutting resistance, improve the finish of the machined surface and easily remove the chips. The free-cutting steel can be classified into sulfur series, lead series, calcium series and other types, and the use amount of the sulfur series free-cutting steel which is relatively environment-friendly is increased.
The combination of sulfur element and manganese element in steel can produce products such as manganese sulfide, which is one of the most common nonmetallic inclusions in steel grades, and for most of steel, the sulfide inclusions are used as components of the steel, and the size, shape and distribution of the sulfide inclusions seriously influence the performance of the steel; however, for free-cutting steels, the presence of manganese sulfide is critical to increasing free-cutting performance.
Therefore, a person skilled in the art provides a preparation method of sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC, and the distribution of sulfides in the steel is improved through forging and heating temperature control, so that the purpose of free-cutting processing of the steel is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC, which improves the distribution of sulfides in steel through forging and heating temperature control, and achieves the purpose of free-cutting processing of steel.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.35 to 0.45 percent of C, 0.80 to 1.20 percent of Si, 0.40 to 0.60 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, 0.080 to 0.120 percent of S, 4.80 to 5.30 percent of Cr, 1.30 to 1.40 percent of Mo, 0.40 to 0.50 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, 0.015 to 0.035 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.0004 percent of H, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of O, and the balance of iron and impurities.
Further, the inner hole ranges of the chemical components in percentage by weight are as follows: 0.38-0.43% of C, 0.85-0.95% of S i, 0.50-0.60% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025% of P, 0.100-0.110% of S, 4.80-4.85% of Cr, 1.30-1.35% of Mo, 0.40-0.45% of V, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 0.020-0.025% of Al, less than or equal to 0.0004% of H, less than or equal to 0.0030% of O, and the balance of iron and impurities.
Further, the weight percentage target value of each chemical component is controlled as follows: 0.40% of C, 0.90% of S i, 0.55% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025% of P, 0.105% of S, 4.82% of Cr, 1.32% of Mo, 0.42% of V, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 0.024% of Al, less than or equal to 0.0004% of H, less than or equal to 0.0030% of O, and the balance of iron and impurities.
Further, the preparation process of the sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC comprises a smelting process, an ingot casting process, a forging process, a heat treatment process and a finishing process, and after the smelting and casting steel ingot is solidified, when the temperature of the steel ingot is less than or equal to 550 ℃ or pit cooling (sand cooling) is more than or equal to 48 hours, the steel ingot is subjected to red-feeding annealing, and then is subjected to furnace annealing in 2 hours, so that the heat treatment process is carried out.
Further, during forging treatment, the preheating and charging temperature of the steel ingot is less than or equal to 500 ℃, the forging temperature is 1170-1190 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃.
Further, the preparation method of the sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting
Adding iron sulfide into steel, adjusting slag system-acid slag, adding sulfur oxide, silica and the like, and evaluating and controlling the erosion degree of a ladle and a slag line;
preparing raw materials according to the chemical components, and baking the ferroalloy in the raw materials at a high temperature;
entering an electric furnace, cleaning a ladle before smelting, and baking well, wherein before raw materials in the electric furnace are filled into the electric furnace, soot blowing is required, and carburetion is strictly prevented;
adding baked lime 18-22Kg/T, cap slag 5.5-6.5Kg/T, fire brick 1.5-2.5Kg/T and deoxidizer 2.5Kg/T into the LF furnace according to the total steelmaking amount, making white slag, controlling the refining time of the white slag to be more than or equal to 30min, and continuously adding deoxidizer to maintain strong reducing atmosphere in the process of maintaining the refining of the white slag;
and (3) entering a VD furnace, controlling the ultimate vacuum pressure to be less than or equal to 67Pa, controlling the time to be more than or equal to 12min, and controlling the hanging package temperature to be 1550-1555 ℃.
S2, ingot casting
Pouring, namely, cleaning and drying a pouring system, filling argon into a pouring pipe and an injection mold for 3 minutes before pouring, covering slag for 2 kg/branch, and then pouring and forming.
S3, forging forming
Red steel ingot is sent to a gas heating furnace section to be heated to 1170-1190 ℃, heat is preserved for 2.5-3 minutes according to the thickness of the steel ingot per millimeter, after the heat preservation is finished, a first sequence is that a press clamp clamps phi 400mmX650mm, water purifying ports are staggered, the steel ingot is drawn and rounded to the same size at the two ends, and the forging deformation is less than or equal to 10 percent, so that the surface of the steel ingot forms compressive stress;
upsetting, drawing out and trimming all parts to a certain size to finish forging to obtain the forging.
S4, annealing heat treatment
And (3) after forging, utilizing the waste heat after forging of the forging piece to enter an annealing furnace for annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 500-550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.5-3.5 minutes per millimeter of the thickness of the forging piece, and air cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is finished, so that the annealed forging piece is obtained.
S5, finishing treatment
Finishing is carried out according to the reserved allowance of the machining size, and according to the standard of enterprises, the finished steel meets the corresponding requirements of appearance, shape and size according to the machining operation rules, so that the finished die steel plate is obtained.
S6, ultra-fine grain treatment
Heating to 1030 ℃ for 1-2 minutes at the effective thickness of the plate material per millimeter, quenching into oil, cooling to 150-170 ℃ to obtain oil, loading into a tempering furnace, tempering at 730-750 ℃ for 2.5-3.0 minutes at the effective thickness of the plate material per millimeter, discharging from the furnace for air cooling, and obtaining the sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC after air cooling.
S7, checking finished products
According to the standard requirements of enterprises, the steel is sampled, inspected and judged, and then is put in storage after meeting the standard quality requirements.
Further, the iron alloy in the step S1 is baked at a high temperature, namely, the iron alloy is put into a baking furnace to be heated to 700-750 ℃, and the temperature is kept at 700-750 ℃ for at least 6 hours.
Further, the casting temperature in the step S2 is controlled to be 1540-1560 ℃, the mold temperature is controlled to be 20-80 ℃, and the demolded steel ingot is subjected to sand cooling or red feeding annealing.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides a preparation method of sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC. The beneficial effects are as follows:
1. the invention provides a preparation method of sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC, which improves Mn content in raw materials, feS+Mn- & gtMnS+Fe occurs during smelting, moderately improves Mn content to form high-melting-point MnS, and the high-melting-point MnS exists in a crystal in a spherical shape and a granular shape, so that the formation of eutectic formation or excessive content of FeS and Fe with low melting point is prevented, and further, the high-temperature plasticity reduction of a forging temperature interval caused by the formation of eutectic of excessive FeS and Fe is avoided, and the cracking condition in the forging process is avoided.
2. The invention provides a preparation method of sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC, which improves the Mo content in raw materials, and at high temperature, mo atoms replace part of Fe atoms, and as the size of the radius of the Mo atoms is larger than that of the Fe atoms, the gaps among the atoms are reduced, a certain strengthening effect is achieved, a replacement solid solution is formed, and the purpose of replacement strengthening of hot work die steel is achieved.
3. The invention provides a preparation method of sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC, which is a key for increasing free-cutting performance of free-cutting steel, and the preparation method improves the distribution of sulfides in the steel by forging and heating temperature control, thereby realizing the purpose of free-cutting processing of the steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the brand and chemical composition internal control requirements of the mold steel YDAC of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the forging process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the thermal annealing treatment of steel according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the production process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples:
as shown in fig. 1-4, the embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.35 to 0.45 percent of C, 0.80 to 1.20 percent of S i, 0.40 to 0.60 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, 0.080 to 0.120 percent of S, 4.80 to 5.30 percent of Cr, 1.30 to 1.40 percent of Mo, 0.40 to 0.50 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, 0.015 to 0.035 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.0004 percent of H, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of O, and the balance of iron and impurities.
Preferably, the inner hole ranges of the chemical components in percentage by weight are as follows: 0.38-0.43% of C, 0.85-0.95% of S i, 0.50-0.60% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025% of P, 0.100-0.110% of S, 4.80-4.85% of Cr, 1.30-1.35% of Mo, 0.40-0.45% of V, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 0.020-0.025% of Al, less than or equal to 0.0004% of H, less than or equal to 0.0030% of O, and the balance of iron and impurities.
Preferably, the target value of the weight percentage of each chemical component is controlled as follows: 0.40% of C, 0.90% of Si, 0.55% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025% of P, 0.105% of S, 4.82% of Cr, 1.32% of Mo, 0.42% of V, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 0.024% of Al, less than or equal to 0.0004% of H, less than or equal to 0.0030% of O, and the balance of iron and impurities.
The preparation process of the sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC comprises a smelting process, an ingot casting process, a forging process, a heat treatment process and a finishing process, wherein after the smelted and cast steel ingot is solidified, the steel ingot is annealed after being red and sent for 2 hours in a furnace when the temperature of the steel ingot is less than or equal to 550 ℃ or pit cold (sand cold) is more than or equal to 48 hours, and then the heat treatment process is carried out.
When forging is carried out, the preheating and charging temperature of the steel ingot is less than or equal to 500 ℃, the forging temperature is 1170-1190 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃.
The preparation method of the sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting
Adding iron sulfide into steel, adjusting slag system-acid slag, adding sulfur oxide, silica and the like, and evaluating and controlling the erosion degree of a ladle and a slag line;
preparing raw materials according to the chemical components, and baking the ferroalloy in the raw materials at a high temperature;
entering an electric furnace, cleaning a ladle before smelting, and baking well, wherein before raw materials in the electric furnace are filled into the electric furnace, soot blowing is required, and carburetion is strictly prevented;
adding baked lime 18-22Kg/T, cap slag 5.5-6.5Kg/T, fire brick 1.5-2.5Kg/T and deoxidizer 2.5Kg/T into the LF furnace according to the total steelmaking amount, making white slag, controlling the refining time of the white slag to be more than or equal to 30min, and continuously adding deoxidizer to maintain strong reducing atmosphere in the process of maintaining the refining of the white slag;
and (3) entering a VD furnace, controlling the ultimate vacuum pressure to be less than or equal to 67Pa, controlling the time to be more than or equal to 12min, and controlling the hanging package temperature to be 1550-1555 ℃.
S2, ingot casting
Pouring, namely, cleaning and drying a pouring system, filling argon into a pouring pipe and an injection mold for 3 minutes before pouring, covering slag for 2 kg/branch, and then pouring and forming.
S3, forging forming
Red steel ingot is sent to a gas heating furnace section to be heated to 1170-1190 ℃, heat is preserved for 2.5-3 minutes according to the thickness of the steel ingot per millimeter, after the heat preservation is finished, a first sequence is that a press clamp clamps phi 400mmX650mm, water purifying ports are staggered, the steel ingot is drawn and rounded to the same size at the two ends, and the forging deformation is less than or equal to 10 percent, so that the surface of the steel ingot forms compressive stress;
upsetting, drawing out and trimming all parts to a certain size to finish forging to obtain the forging.
S4, annealing heat treatment
And (3) after forging, utilizing the waste heat after forging of the forging piece to enter an annealing furnace for annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 500-550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.5-3.5 minutes per millimeter of the thickness of the forging piece, and air cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is finished, so that the annealed forging piece is obtained.
S5, finishing treatment
Finishing is carried out according to the reserved allowance of the machining size, and according to the standard of enterprises, the finished steel meets the corresponding requirements of appearance, shape and size according to the machining operation rules, so that the finished die steel plate is obtained.
S6, ultra-fine grain treatment
Heating to 1030 ℃ for 1-2 minutes at the effective thickness of the plate material per millimeter, quenching into oil, cooling to 150-170 ℃ to obtain oil, loading into a tempering furnace, tempering at 730-750 ℃ for 2.5-3.0 minutes at the effective thickness of the plate material per millimeter, discharging from the furnace for air cooling, and obtaining the sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC after air cooling.
S7, checking finished products
According to the standard requirements of enterprises, the steel is sampled, inspected and judged, and then is put in storage after meeting the standard quality requirements.
The high-temperature baking of the ferroalloy in the step S1 is to heat the ferroalloy to 700-750 ℃ in a baking furnace, and keep the temperature at 700-750 ℃ for at least 6 hours, the casting temperature in the step S2 is controlled to 1540-1560 ℃, the mold temperature is controlled to 20-80 ℃, and the demolded steel ingot is subjected to sand cooling or red-feeding annealing.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC is characterized in that the sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.35 to 0.45 percent of C, 0.80 to 1.20 percent of Si, 0.40 to 0.60 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, 0.080 to 0.120 percent of S, 4.80 to 5.30 percent of Cr, 1.30 to 1.40 percent of Mo, 0.40 to 0.50 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, 0.015 to 0.035 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.0004 percent of H, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of O, and the balance of iron and impurities.
2. The method for preparing the sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight percentage inner hole ranges of the chemical components are as follows: 0.38% -0.43% of C, 0.85% -0.95% of Si, 0.50% -0.60% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025% of P, 0.100% -0.110% of S, 4.80% -4.85% of Cr, 1.30% -1.35% of Mo, 0.40% -0.45% of V, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 0.020% -0.025% of Al, less than or equal to 0.0004% of H, less than or equal to 0.0030% of O, and the balance of iron and impurities.
3. The method for preparing sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC according to claim 1, characterized in that the target value of the weight percentage of each chemical component is controlled as follows: 0.40% of C, 0.90% of Si, 0.55% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025% of P, 0.105% of S, 4.82% of Cr, 1.32% of Mo, 0.42% of V, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 0.024% of Al, less than or equal to 0.0004% of H, less than or equal to 0.0030% of O, and the balance of iron and impurities.
4. The method for preparing the sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC according to claim 1, wherein the preparation process of the sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC comprises a smelting process, an ingot casting process, a forging process, a heat treatment process and a finishing process, and after the smelting and casting steel ingot is solidified, the steel ingot is annealed in a red-feeding manner when the temperature of the steel ingot is less than or equal to 550 ℃ or pit cold (sand cold) is more than or equal to 48 hours, and then is annealed in a furnace for 2 hours, and the heat treatment process is carried out.
5. The method for producing sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC according to claim 1, wherein the pre-heating and charging temperature of the steel ingot is not more than 500 ℃, the forging temperature is 1170-1190 ℃ and the final forging temperature is not less than 850 ℃ during the forging treatment.
6. The method for producing a sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, smelting
Adding iron sulfide into steel, adjusting slag system-acid slag, adding sulfur oxide, silica and the like, and evaluating and controlling the erosion degree of a ladle and a slag line;
preparing raw materials according to the chemical components, and baking the ferroalloy in the raw materials at a high temperature;
entering an electric furnace, cleaning a ladle before smelting, and baking well, wherein before raw materials in the electric furnace are filled into the electric furnace, soot blowing is required, and carburetion is strictly prevented;
adding baked lime 18-22Kg/T, cap slag 5.5-6.5Kg/T, fire brick 1.5-2.5Kg/T and deoxidizer 2.5Kg/T into the LF furnace according to the total steelmaking amount, making white slag, controlling the refining time of the white slag to be more than or equal to 30min, and continuously adding deoxidizer to maintain strong reducing atmosphere in the process of maintaining the refining of the white slag;
and (3) entering a VD furnace, controlling the ultimate vacuum pressure to be less than or equal to 67Pa, controlling the time to be more than or equal to 12min, and controlling the hanging package temperature to be 1550-1555 ℃.
S2, ingot casting
Pouring, namely, cleaning and drying a pouring system, filling argon into a pouring pipe and an injection mold for 3 minutes before pouring, covering slag for 2 kg/branch, and then pouring and forming.
S3, forging forming
Red steel ingot is sent to a gas heating furnace section to be heated to 1170-1190 ℃, heat is preserved for 2.5-3 minutes according to the thickness of the steel ingot per millimeter, after the heat preservation is finished, a first sequence is that a press clamp clamps phi 400mmX650mm, water purifying ports are staggered, the steel ingot is drawn and rounded to the same size at the two ends, and the forging deformation is less than or equal to 10 percent, so that the surface of the steel ingot forms compressive stress;
upsetting, drawing out and trimming all parts to a certain size to finish forging to obtain the forging.
S4, annealing heat treatment
And (3) after forging, utilizing the waste heat after forging of the forging piece to enter an annealing furnace for annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 500-550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.5-3.5 minutes per millimeter of the thickness of the forging piece, and air cooling is carried out after the heat preservation is finished, so that the annealed forging piece is obtained.
S5, finishing treatment
Finishing is carried out according to the reserved allowance of the machining size, and according to the standard of enterprises, the finished steel meets the corresponding requirements of appearance, shape and size according to the machining operation rules, so that the finished die steel plate is obtained.
S6, ultra-fine grain treatment
Heating to 1030 ℃ for 1-2 minutes at the effective thickness of the plate material per millimeter, quenching into oil, cooling to 150-170 ℃ to obtain oil, loading into a tempering furnace, tempering at 730-750 ℃ for 2.5-3.0 minutes at the effective thickness of the plate material per millimeter, discharging from the furnace for air cooling, and obtaining the sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC after air cooling.
S7, checking finished products
According to the standard requirements of enterprises, the steel is sampled, inspected and judged, and then is put in storage after meeting the standard quality requirements.
7. The method for producing sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step S1 of baking the iron alloy at high temperature is carried out by heating the iron alloy in a baking oven to 700-750deg.C and maintaining the temperature at 700-750deg.C for at least 6h.
8. The method for producing sulfur-containing free-cutting die steel YDAC according to claim 6, characterized in that the casting temperature in step S2 is controlled to 1540-1560 ℃, the mold temperature is controlled to 20-80 ℃, and the demolded ingot is subjected to sand cooling or red-feed annealing.
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