CN117017259A - Method for quantitatively measuring skin impedance - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 24
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001467 acupuncture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002593 electrical impedance tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000802 evaporation-induced self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000245 forearm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003516 pericardium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
- A61B5/0531—Measuring skin impedance
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for quantitatively determining skin impedance, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a part to be measured; a four-electrode constant-current impedance measuring device is adopted, an electrode group formed by four silver chloride electrodes is arranged at a part to be measured, and impedance values under different current magnitudes and frequencies are measured; generating a scatter diagram of impedance values changing along with current or frequency according to the measurement result; fitting the scatter diagram, and determining fitting parameters to obtain parameters describing impedance characteristics of the point of the part to be measured. According to the application, through quantifying the linearity and the size of the skin impedance, new evaluation parameters are obtained and are used for quantitatively evaluating the nonlinear skin impedance characteristics and are used for impedance analysis related application scenes, so that on one hand, the technical level of instrument development such as clinical monitoring and diagnosis based on a biological impedance technology is improved, and on the other hand, the meridian essence research can be assisted.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of bioimpedance research, in particular to a method for quantitatively measuring skin impedance.
Background
The bioimpedance research is the electrical characteristics of biological tissues and organs, and can reflect the physiological and pathological conditions of human bodies. In the field of sports, bioimpedance can evaluate body composition and moisture content, helping athletes and coaches to design personalized training protocols. In the medical field, meridian function assessment instruments (such as meridian instruments) based on impedance and electrical impedance using electrical impedance tomography techniques have been widely used in clinic. Skin impedance is one type of bioimpedance that measures the impedance of tissue near the body surface and has been used to describe the electrical characteristics of the acupoints and meridians. There are different methods for measuring skin impedance or meridian impedance. Common methods are two-electrode and four-electrode methods. The two-electrode method is affected by the skin condition, the electrode wettability, the pressure and the skin contact time of the human body because of acting on the skin surface, and the electrode itself can generate some stimulation to the skin, so that the repeatability of the experiment is relatively poor. The four-electrode method is to place a pair of excitation electrodes on the outer side of a part to be measured and apply constant current; and placing a pair of measuring electrodes at the to-be-measured points, measuring the voltage between the to-be-measured points, and further calculating the impedance of the to-be-measured position by using ohm's law. The four-electrode method reduces the influence of the impedance of the electrodes and the skin to the maximum extent, and is more accurate. However, the detected impedance value and frequency are closely related, whether by a two-electrode or four-electrode method. Biological tissue has resistive, capacitive and inductive properties, with increasing frequency, capacitive reactance decreasing and total impedance decreasing when the frequency exceeds 10 kHz. Therefore, the evaluation impedance must clearly determine the frequency.
In addition, skin impedance or meridian impedance has a nonlinear characteristic of response to current, i.e., the magnitude of skin impedance varies with the magnitude of current passing through the measurement site, which can result in inconsistent magnitudes of impedance values obtained under different measurement conditions. This is also a significant cause of inconsistent results from different study groups. As early as 1979, researchers reported that the resistance of the acupoints was non-linear (Fraden J, galman S.invested of nonlinear effects in surface electric current unit.Am J current, 1979, 7:21). Over the years, researchers have made progress in the study of non-linear characteristics of acupoints (Wei Jianzi, shen Xueyong. Non-linear characteristics of acupoint resistance and application. Chinese acupuncture, 2023, 43:4.). In the studies of Wei Jianzi, etc., they proposed that the voltammetric curve of the acupoints is parabolic, with obvious nonlinear characteristics; therefore, the existing linear detection method (namely, after a fixed current/voltage is input to the acupoint, the response voltage/current value of the acupoint is detected, and then the resistance value of the acupoint is calculated according to ohm's law) can not accurately reflect the resistance characteristics of the acupoint; the electrical properties of an acupoint should be characterized by its voltammogram, for example, by estimating the impedance value by the area between the voltammogram and the current axis (Wei JZ et al research on Nonlinear Feature of Electrical Resistance of Acupuncture points. Evidece-Based Complementary and Alternative medicine.2012, 179657). However, only the voltammogram area is used, the kinetic information of the curve is lost, and the linear characteristic of the impedance change cannot be reflected. In order to better describe the electrical characteristics of the acupoints and meridians, it is necessary to quantify the linearity and magnitude of the skin impedance.
In view of the fact that skin impedance or meridian impedance has a nonlinear characteristic that reacts to current, in order to ensure that impedance values obtained under different measurement conditions have comparability and accuracy of results, it is necessary to quantitatively analyze the nonlinear characteristic of biological impedance to obtain characteristic parameters that reflect the impedance of the site.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the application provides a method for quantitatively measuring skin impedance, which solves the problems that the obtained impedance values under different measurement conditions are inconsistent and the accuracy of the result cannot be ensured due to the existing method.
According to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method of quantitatively determining skin impedance, comprising:
obtaining data to be detected of a part to be detected;
according to the data to be measured, impedance values under different current magnitudes and frequencies are measured, and the impedance values are measured through electrode groups formed by four silver chloride electrodes;
generating a scatter diagram of impedance values according to the measured impedance values, wherein the impedance values change along with current or frequency;
fitting the scatter diagram, determining fitting parameters, and further determining parameters of impedance characteristics corresponding to the data to be measured.
According to the method for quantitatively determining the skin impedance, provided by the embodiment of the application, the linearity and the size of the skin impedance are quantified to obtain the new evaluation parameters, the new evaluation parameters are used for quantitatively evaluating the nonlinear skin impedance characteristics and are used for application scenes related to impedance analysis, so that the technical level of instrument development such as clinical monitoring and diagnosis based on a biological impedance technology is improved, and the meridian essence research can be assisted.
With reference to the first aspect, in a first implementation manner of the first aspect, the determining, according to the data to be measured, an impedance value at different current magnitudes and frequencies, where the impedance value is determined by an electrode set formed by four silver chloride electrodes, includes:
setting the electrode group by utilizing a four-electrode technology;
and measuring impedance values under different currents at preset frequencies through the electrode group.
With reference to the first embodiment of the first aspect, in a second embodiment of the first aspect, the generating a scatter plot of impedance values according to current or frequency according to the measured impedance values includes:
and generating a corresponding scatter diagram by using the current and the measured impedance value.
With reference to the second implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third implementation manner of the first aspect, the fitting the scatter diagram to determine a fitting parameter includes:
determining a fitting equation according to the impedance values and the currents in the scatter diagram to determine fitting parameters;
the fit equation is represented by:
impedance value = a x e b/current ，
Wherein a is the estimated maximum impedance value; b is a linear coefficient indicating the extent to which the impedance value is affected by the current; current represents current.
With reference to the second implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fourth implementation manner of the first aspect, the fitting equation may be further represented by:
impedance value = a + b/current,
wherein a is the estimated maximum impedance value; b is a linear coefficient indicating the extent to which the impedance value is affected by the current; current represents current.
With reference to the first aspect, in a fifth embodiment of the first aspect, the method is applied to body composition analysis by skin impedance measurement, including moisture content, fat content and muscle mass evaluation.
With reference to the first aspect, in a sixth embodiment of the first aspect, the method is also applied to body meridian impedance analysis and meridian function assessment derived therefrom.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of quantitatively determining skin impedance in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of 3 meridian lines and two lines therebetween and an electrode device used in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an electrode assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present application positioned at a site to be measured;
FIG. 4 is a frame diagram of a four electrode technique for providing electrode sets for impedance measurements in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph of impedance values as a function of frequency for different excitation currents in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a graph of impedance values as a function of excitation current at different frequencies in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a scatter plot of impedance values as a function of excitation current and a fitted curve thereof in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a graph of a linear fit achieved by data transformation in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of impedance of three yin meridians of an arm and its middle region measured in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram of an apparatus for quantitatively determining skin impedance according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
In this example, a method for quantitatively determining skin impedance is provided. Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of quantitatively determining skin impedance in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the process includes the steps of:
s11, obtaining the data to be measured of the part to be measured.
In this example, the skin impedance of the 3 female meridians on the forearm and the two lines in between were measured. As shown in fig. 2, first, 3 meridian lines (lung meridian/LU, pericardium meridian/PC and heart meridian/HT) and two lines between meridians (between PL/LU and PC; between PH/PC and HT) were determined. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the meridian line is merely described as an example, and the present embodiment may be selected according to actual situations in the practical application process, and this embodiment is not limited thereto.
And S12, according to the data to be measured, measuring impedance values under different current magnitudes and frequencies, wherein the impedance values are measured through electrode groups formed by four silver chloride electrodes. Specifically, after each meridian line and intermediate line are determined, as shown in fig. 3, an electrode group is placed on each line, and the impedance at different current levels and frequencies is measured, respectively. In the measurement, as shown in fig. 4, two external excitation electrodes and two internal measurement electrodes are arranged on a single line; wherein each electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode with the diameter of 4 mm, and conductive adhesive is coated between the electrode and the skin; the current is supplied by a constant current source through an external excitation electrode; the voltage between the two internal measuring electrodes is measured by a lock-in amplifier; the impedance value is the ratio of the voltage to the input current according to ohm's law.
S13, generating a scatter diagram of impedance values changing along with current or frequency according to the measured impedance values. The detailed information will be described in the following steps, and the detailed description of this embodiment will not be repeated.
S14, fitting the scatter diagram, determining fitting parameters, and further determining parameters of impedance characteristics corresponding to the data to be measured. And after the fitting parameters are determined, the impedance values of all the lines are correspondingly calculated. The detailed information will be described in the following steps, and the detailed description of this embodiment will not be repeated.
In another embodiment, there is also provided a method of quantitatively determining non-linear skin impedance, the process comprising the steps of:
s21, obtaining the data to be measured of the part to be measured. Referring to step S11 in detail, the description of this embodiment is omitted.
S22, according to the data to be measured, impedance values under different current magnitudes and frequencies are measured, and the impedance values are measured through an electrode set formed by four silver chloride electrodes. Referring to step S12 in detail, the description of this embodiment is omitted.
S23, generating a scatter diagram of impedance values changing along with current or frequency according to the measured impedance values.
In this embodiment, the impedance value and the frequency may be used to generate a first curve, and the impedance value and the current intensity may be used to generate a second curve; analyzing the first curve to determine that the frequency point where the peak value is positioned under different excitation currents is smaller than 15kHz; regression analysis is performed on the second curve to determine that the impedance value changes with the excitation current and to determine the nonlinear characteristics of the impedance.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the impedance value changes in the frequency range of 1-100kHz, and it can be seen that there is an impedance peak at different excitation currents, the frequency point where the peak is located is generally smaller than 15kHz, and after the frequency is higher than 15kHz, the impedance value becomes smaller with the increase of the frequency.
In another embodiment, the step S23 specifically further includes, as shown in fig. 6, a change in impedance value as the current increases from 0 to 0.67mA at 20, 50 and 100 kHz. It can be seen that as the excitation current increases, the impedance value becomes larger, showing a nonlinear characteristic of the impedance as a function of current.
In this embodiment, by fitting analysis to the impedance curve, after the excitation current is higher than 0.1mA, the change of impedance with current conforms to an exponential function (impedance=a×e b/current ). As shown in FIG. 7, the equation can be used to fit data well, and the fitting effect is related to the fitted interval, for example, the fitting effect of the interval in the interval of 0.1-0.4mA is better than the fitting effect in the interval of 0.07-0.67 mA.
In the case where it is found that the impedance-current curve can be exponentially divided by the reciprocal of the variable (impedance=a×e b/current ) After fitting, the natural logarithm of the impedance (ln) and the inverse of the current (1/current) are calculated, respectively, to determine the characteristics of the nonlinear impedance by obtaining parameter values by linear regression. Fig. 8 shows a linear fit and its two important parameters k and interseption over the 0.1-0.4mA interval. From these two parameters, the resistance under different current conditions can be calculatedResistance value:
impedance value=e intercept *e k/current ，
Wherein e intercept For the estimated maximum impedance value, a in the fitting equation is equivalent to the characteristic value of the impedance; k is a linear coefficient, which represents the degree to which the impedance value is affected by current, and corresponds to b in the fitting equation; current represents current.
In another embodiment, the impedance of the three yin meridians of the arm and their side-branches shown in fig. 2 was measured using the methods and apparatus shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4 using the method shown in fig. 8; fig. 9 shows that the impedance of the Pericardial (PC) channel is lower than the side-by-side channels, whereas the pulmonary (LU) channel and the cardiac (HT) channel are not higher than the side-by-side channels; the skin impedance inside the arm appears to vary continuously, i.e. lowest in the middle, increasing towards the ulnar side and the radial side of the child. The method of the present embodiment may be used in practical applications, and may also be used for analysis of skin moisture and body composition, but the present embodiment is not limited thereto.
According to the method for quantitatively determining the skin impedance, provided by the embodiment of the application, the linearity and the size of the skin impedance are quantified to obtain the new evaluation parameters, the new evaluation parameters are used for quantitatively evaluating the nonlinear skin impedance characteristics and are used for application scenes related to impedance analysis, so that the technical level of instrument development such as clinical monitoring and diagnosis based on a biological impedance technology is improved, and the meridian essence research can be assisted.
According to the method for quantitatively determining the skin impedance, provided by the embodiment of the application, the linearity and the size of the skin impedance are quantified to obtain the new evaluation parameters, the new evaluation parameters are used for quantitatively evaluating the nonlinear skin impedance characteristics and are used for application scenes related to impedance analysis, so that the technical level of instrument development such as clinical monitoring and diagnosis based on a biological impedance technology is improved, and the meridian essential research and development can be assisted on the other hand.
The present embodiment provides a means of quantitatively determining skin impedance, as used below, the term "module" may be a combination of software and/or hardware that performs a predetermined function. While the means described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.
The application discloses a device for quantitatively measuring skin impedance, as shown in fig. 10, comprising:
the first processing module 01 is used for acquiring the data to be detected of the part to be detected;
the second processing module 02 is used for measuring impedance values under different current magnitudes and frequencies according to the data to be measured, wherein the impedance values are measured through an electrode group formed by four silver chloride electrodes;
a third processing module 03, configured to generate a scatter plot of impedance values according to the measured impedance values, where the impedance values change with current or frequency;
and the fourth processing module 04 is used for fitting the scatter diagram, determining fitting parameters and further determining parameters of impedance characteristics corresponding to the data to be measured.
The device for quantitatively determining the skin impedance provided by the embodiment of the application obtains the new evaluation parameters by quantifying the linearity and the size of the skin impedance, is used for quantitatively evaluating the nonlinear skin impedance characteristics and is used for the application scene related to impedance analysis, so that the technical level of instrument development such as clinical monitoring and diagnosis based on the biological impedance technology is improved, and the meridian essential research and development can be assisted on the other hand.
An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, referring to fig. 11, fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an alternative embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 11, the electronic device may include: at least one processor 601, such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit ), at least one communication interface 603, a memory 604, at least one communication bus 602. Wherein the communication bus 602 is used to enable connected communications between these components. The communication interface 603 may include a Display screen (Display), a Keyboard (Keyboard), and the selectable communication interface 603 may further include a standard wired interface, and a wireless interface. The memory 604 may be a high-speed RAM memory (Random Access Memory, volatile random access memory) or a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory. The memory 604 may also optionally be at least one storage device located remotely from the processor 601. Where the processor 601 may store an application program in the memory 604 in the apparatus described in connection with fig. 11, and the processor 601 invokes the program code stored in the memory 604 for performing any of the method steps described above.
The communication bus 602 may be a peripheral component interconnect standard (peripheral component interconnect, PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (extended industry standard architecture, EISA) bus, among others. The communication bus 602 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown in FIG. 11, but not only one bus or one type of bus.
Wherein the memory 604 may comprise volatile memory (english) such as random-access memory (RAM); the memory may also include a nonvolatile memory (english: non-volatile memory), such as a flash memory (english: flash memory), a hard disk (english: hard disk drive, abbreviated as HDD) or a solid state disk (english: solid-state drive, abbreviated as SSD); memory 604 may also include a combination of the types of memory described above.
The processor 601 may be a central processor (English: central processing unit, abbreviated: CPU), a network processor (English: network processor, abbreviated: NP) or a combination of CPU and NP.
The processor 601 may further comprise a hardware chip, among other things. The hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), or a combination thereof (English: programmable logic device). The PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (English: complex programmable logic device, abbreviated: CPLD), a field programmable gate array (English: field-programmable gate array, abbreviated: FPGA), a general-purpose array logic (English: generic array logic, abbreviated: GAL), or any combination thereof.
Optionally, the memory 604 is also used for storing program instructions. Processor 601 may invoke program instructions to implement a method of quantitatively determining skin impedance as shown in the illustrative embodiment of the present application.
The present application also provides a non-transitory computer storage medium storing computer executable instructions that are capable of performing the method of quantitatively determining skin impedance in any of the method embodiments described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic Disk, an optical Disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a Flash Memory (Flash Memory), a Hard Disk (HDD), or a Solid State Drive (SSD); the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
Although embodiments of the present application have been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the application as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method of quantitatively determining skin impedance comprising:
obtaining data to be detected of a part to be detected;
according to the data to be measured, impedance values under different current magnitudes and frequencies are measured, and the impedance values are measured through electrode groups formed by four silver chloride electrodes;
generating a scatter diagram of impedance values according to the measured impedance values, wherein the impedance values change along with current or frequency;
fitting the scatter diagram, determining fitting parameters, and further determining parameters of impedance characteristics corresponding to the data to be measured.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said determining impedance values at different current magnitudes and frequencies from said data to be measured, said impedance values being determined by an electrode arrangement formed by four silver chloride electrodes, comprises:
setting the electrode group by utilizing a four-electrode technology;
and measuring impedance values under different currents at preset frequencies through the electrode group.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein generating a scatter plot of impedance values as a function of current or frequency from the measured impedance values comprises:
and generating a corresponding scatter diagram by using the current and the measured impedance value.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein said fitting the scatter plot to determine fitting parameters comprises:
determining a fitting equation according to the impedance values and the currents in the scatter diagram to determine fitting parameters;
the fit equation is represented by:
impedance value = a x e b/current ，
Wherein a is the estimated maximum impedance value; b is a linear coefficient indicating the extent to which the impedance value is affected by the current; current represents current.
5. A method according to claim 3, wherein the fit equation is further represented by:
impedance value = a + b/current,
wherein a is the estimated maximum impedance value; b is a linear coefficient indicating the extent to which the impedance value is affected by the current; current represents current.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is applied to body composition analysis by skin impedance measurement, including moisture content, fat content, and muscle mass assessment.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is further applied to body meridian impedance analysis and its derived meridian function assessment.
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