CN117013111A - Preparation and application methods of activating agent for failure lead-acid storage battery - Google Patents
Preparation and application methods of activating agent for failure lead-acid storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN117013111A CN117013111A CN202311165855.5A CN202311165855A CN117013111A CN 117013111 A CN117013111 A CN 117013111A CN 202311165855 A CN202311165855 A CN 202311165855A CN 117013111 A CN117013111 A CN 117013111A
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- lead
- storage battery
- acid storage
- battery
- carbon black
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- ZNBNBTIDJSKEAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[7-hydroxy-2-[5-[5-[6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]-2-methyl-3-propanoyloxypentanoic acid Chemical compound C1C(O)C(C)C(C(C)C(OC(=O)CC)C(C)C(O)=O)OC11OC(C)(C2OC(C)(CC2)C2C(CC(O2)C2C(CC(C)C(O)(CO)O2)C)C)CC1 ZNBNBTIDJSKEAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000378 hydroxylammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead sulfate Chemical compound [PbH4+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009774 resonance method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4242—Regeneration of electrolyte or reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and a use method of an activating agent for a failed lead-acid storage battery. The activator comprises the following raw materials: XC-72R carbon black, BP2000 superconducting carbon black, hydroxylamine sulfate, fumed silica, sulfuric acid solution. In addition, the invention also provides an activator using method, which comprises the specific steps of firstly, carrying out primary screening on the lead storage battery for refund, and selecting a battery without physical damage for discharge treatment; then adding 0.2-0.8mL of activator per Ah of the monomer, standing for 6-8 hours, and then charging and activating the monomer. The method has the advantages that the consumption is small in the repairing process of the active agent of the failed lead-acid storage battery, the capacity recovery rate of the repaired lead-acid storage battery is high, the production of dangerous waste of the lead-acid storage battery can be obviously reduced, and the method has obvious environmental benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lead-acid storage battery activation, and particularly relates to a preparation method and a use method of an activating agent for a failed lead-acid storage battery.
Background
In the operation process of the transformer substation, the direct current power supply is the guarantee of important task operations such as relay protection, load power supply, tripping and closing of a breaker and the like. Lead-acid storage batteries are often formed into storage battery packs as direct current power supply systems of substations due to high safety, good stability and low price. The theoretical life of the lead-acid storage battery is 10-12 years, but after most of the lead-acid storage batteries for transformer substations are used for 3-5 years, the capacity is already lower than 80% of the nominal capacity, and the phenomenon of premature retirement exists. The vast number of failed batteries poses a serious threat to environmental safety and resource utilization, as well as great trouble and challenges to battery management and maintenance.
The transformer substation mostly adopts a valve-controlled sealed lead-acid storage battery pack as a direct-current power supply, and the battery pack is stored in a battery cabinet or a battery chamber and is in a floating charge state throughout the year. The unique working environment makes the service life of the battery extremely easy to be influenced by various factors, and the battery capacity can be declined and scrapped in advance due to overhigh temperature, improper float charge, severe load change and the like. Common failure modes of lead-acid storage batteries for substations are positive grid corrosion, negative sulfation, water loss and the like. The lead-acid storage battery with capacity reduced caused by sulfation and water loss of the negative electrode can be repaired by eliminating irreversible positive electrode grid corrosion. The lead-acid storage battery after the activation and repair can be put into use again after recombination, thereby effectively reducing the generation of dangerous solid waste and having obvious environmental benefit. Aiming at the two failure modes, the existing retired lead-acid storage battery activation repair method at home and abroad mainly comprises a physical repair technology and a chemical repair technology. The physical repair technology achieves the purpose of activating and repairing by changing the charging mode of the deteriorated lead-acid storage battery, such as an overcharging repair method, a high-frequency pulse repair method, a composite pulse resonance method and the like, but has the defects of poor repair effect, long time consumption, low efficiency, high cost and the like. The chemical restoration technology is to add chemical agents into the degraded battery to achieve the purpose of restoring the battery capacity, and the chemical agents can reduce the falling of active substances, relieve the self-discharge phenomenon, accelerate the dissolution process of lead sulfate and enhance the electrochemical reaction, but also has the problems of increased internal resistance of the battery, changed primary structure of electrolyte, shorter secondary service life and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method and a use method of an activating agent for a failed lead-acid storage battery, which can solve the defects of the prior art and realize the efficient activation repair of the failed lead-acid storage battery.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an activator for a failed lead-acid battery, comprising the following raw materials:
XC-72R carbon black, BP2000 superconducting carbon black, hydroxylamine sulfate, fumed silica, sulfuric acid solution.
Preferably, the failure lead-acid storage battery activator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.01 to 0.04 percent of XC-72R carbon black, 0.01 to 0.04 percent of BP2000 superconducting carbon black, 0.2 to 0.8 percent of hydroxylamine sulfate, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of fumed silica and 98.5 to 99.9 percent of sulfuric acid solution.
Preferably, the molar concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 1-3mol/L.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the failure lead-acid storage battery activator, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage;
(2) Sequentially adding XC-72R carbon black, BP2000 superconducting carbon black, hydroxylamine sulfate and fumed silica into a beaker, and uniformly mixing;
(3) Adding sulfuric acid solution into the mixture in the step (2), mixing and stirring uniformly;
(4) Magnetically stirring the mixture obtained in the step (3) for 20-40min, and then ultrasonically oscillating in a water bath at 50-70 ℃ for 1-3h to obtain the invalid lead-acid storage battery activator.
The invention also provides an activation method of the failure lead-acid storage battery, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Performing primary screening on the failure lead-acid storage battery, and selecting a battery without physical damage for discharge treatment;
(2) And adding an activating agent into the selected failure lead-acid storage battery, standing, and then carrying out charging activation on the selected failure lead-acid storage battery.
Preferably, in the step (1), the battery is initially screened to obtain the battery with an intact shell and no physical damage such as leakage, obvious breakage of grids and bus bars.
Preferably, in the activation method of the failed lead-acid storage battery, in the step (1), the cut-off voltage of the discharge treatment is 1.8V.
Preferably, in the activation method of the failure lead-acid storage battery, in the step (2), the additive amount of the activating agent is 0.2-0.6ml/Ah nominal capacity.
Preferably, in the step (2), the standing time of the activation method of the failure lead-acid storage battery is 2-14h.
Preferably, in the activation method of the failure lead-acid storage battery, in the step (2), the activation method is carried out at a speed of 1.3-1.6I 10 Charging with current of A for 4-6 hours at 0.8-1.2I 10 Charging with current of A for 2-3 hr at 0.2-0.7I 10 The current of A is charged for 1-3 hours, and the constant voltage charging is carried out at the voltage of 2.4V until the charging current is less than 3A.
The beneficial effects brought by adopting the technical scheme are as follows: the failure lead-acid storage battery activator provided by the invention has the advantages of simple composition, scientific and strict component proportion, no obvious change of internal resistance of the activated lead-acid storage battery and good repairing effect. The preparation method of the failure lead-acid storage battery activator is simple, convenient and feasible, mild in preparation condition, low in cost and convenient to use. The method for activating the failure lead-acid storage battery is simple to operate, combines the advantages of physical repair and chemical repair, does not cause the falling of the active substances of the polar plate, and can ensure that the internal structure and basic active substances of the battery are not changed. The lead-acid storage battery activated by the activating agent provided by the invention has the advantages of high capacity recovery degree, long service life, low activation cost, simple and easy activation process, capability of effectively reducing environmental pollution and remarkable social and environmental benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the discharge curve of the capacity test after activation in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the implementation of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a failure lead-acid storage battery activator, which comprises the following raw materials:
0.01% of XC-72R carbon black, 0.02% of BP2000 superconducting carbon black, 0.3% of hydroxylamine sulfate, 0.2% of fumed silica and 99.47% of sulfuric acid solution.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Sequentially adding XC-72R carbon black, BP2000 superconducting carbon black, hydroxylamine sulfate and fumed silica with required weight into a beaker, and uniformly mixing;
(2) Adding sulfuric acid solution with required weight into the mixture, mixing and stirring uniformly;
(3) Magnetically stirring the obtained mixture for 30min, and ultrasonically oscillating in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 2h to obtain the failure lead-acid storage battery activator.
The activation method of the failure lead-acid storage battery comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The model of the failure lead-acid storage battery is holy-yang GMF300, no obvious physical damage exists after screening, the capacity is 60% of the nominal capacity, and the failure lead-acid storage battery is discharged to 1.8V by using 1C10 current;
(2) The activator was added at a nominal capacity of 0.4ml/Ah, and after 6h of standing, it was charged, specifically using 1.5I 10 A was charged for 5 hours with 1.0I 10 A was charged for 2 hours with 0.5I 10 The current of A is charged for 1 hour, and constant voltage charging is performed by using 2.4V voltage until the charging current is less than 3A.
Example two
The invention provides a failure lead-acid storage battery activator, which comprises the following raw materials:
0.02% of XC-72R carbon black, 0.02% of BP2000 superconducting carbon black, 0.5% of hydroxylamine sulfate, 0.2% of fumed silica and 99.26% of sulfuric acid solution.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Sequentially adding XC-72R carbon black, BP2000 superconducting carbon black, hydroxylamine sulfate and fumed silica with required weight into a beaker, and uniformly mixing;
(2) Adding sulfuric acid solution with required weight into the mixture, mixing and stirring uniformly;
(3) Magnetically stirring the obtained mixture for 30min, and ultrasonically oscillating in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 2h to obtain the failure lead-acid storage battery activator.
The activation method of the failure lead-acid storage battery comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The model of the failure lead-acid storage battery is holy-yang GMF300, no obvious physical damage exists after screening, the capacity is 57% of the nominal capacity, and the failure lead-acid storage battery is discharged to 1.8V by using 1C10 current;
(2) The activator was added at a nominal capacity of 0.4ml/Ah, and after 6h of standing, it was charged, specifically using 1.5I 10 A was charged for 5 hours with 1.0I 10 A was charged for 2 hours with 0.5I 10 The current of A is charged for 1 hour, and constant voltage charging is performed by using 2.4V voltage until the charging current is less than 3A.
Example III
The invention provides a failure lead-acid storage battery activator, which comprises the following raw materials:
0.03% of XC-72R carbon black, 0.03% of BP2000 superconducting carbon black, 0.6% of hydroxylamine sulfate, 0.3% of fumed silica and 99.04% of sulfuric acid solution.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Sequentially adding XC-72R carbon black, BP2000 superconducting carbon black, hydroxylamine sulfate and fumed silica with required weight into a beaker, and uniformly mixing;
(2) Adding sulfuric acid solution with required weight into the mixture, mixing and stirring uniformly;
(3) Magnetically stirring the obtained mixture for 20min, and ultrasonically oscillating in a water bath at 70 ℃ for 2h to obtain the failure lead-acid storage battery activator.
The activation method of the failure lead-acid storage battery comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The model of the failure lead-acid storage battery is holy-yang GMF300, no obvious physical damage exists after screening, the capacity is 55% of the nominal capacity, and the failure lead-acid storage battery is discharged to 1.8V by using 1C10 current;
(2) The activator was added at a nominal capacity of 0.3ml/Ah, and after 6h of standing, it was charged, specifically using 1.3I 10 A was charged for 5 hours with a current of 0.9I 10 A was charged for 2 hours with 0.4I 10 The current of A is charged for 1 hour, and constant voltage charging is performed by using 2.4V voltage until the charging current is less than 3A.
Comparative example one
The preparation method of the additive comprises the steps of adding sulfuric acid solution into a mixture of 0.02% BP2000 superconductive carbon black and 0.5% hydroxylamine sulfate, and uniformly stirring; added according to 0.4ml/Ah nominal capacity, and is charged after standing for 6h, specifically 1.5I is used 10 A was charged for 5 hours with 1.0I 10 A was charged for 2 hours with 0.5I 10 The current of A is charged for 1 hour, and constant voltage charging is performed by using 2.4V voltage until the charging current is less than 3A.
Comparative example two
The preparation method of the additive comprises the steps of adding sulfuric acid solution into a mixture of 0.02% of XC-72R carbon black and 0.2% of fumed silica, and uniformly stirring; added according to 0.4ml/Ah nominal capacity, and is charged after standing for 6h, specifically 1.5I is used 10 A was charged for 5 hours with 1.0I 10 A was charged for 2 hours with 0.5I 10 The current of A is charged for 1 hour, and constant voltage charging is performed by using 2.4V voltage until the charging current is less than 3A.
Comparative example three
Sulfuric acid solution was added at a nominal volume of 0.4ml/Ah, and the mixture was left to stand for 6 hours and charged, specifically, 1.5I was used 10 A was charged for 5 hours with 1.0I 10 A was charged for 2 hours with 0.5I 10 The current of A is charged for 1 hour, and constant voltage charging is performed by using 2.4V voltage until the charging current is less than 3A.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A spent lead-acid battery activator, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: XC-72R carbon black, BP2000 superconducting carbon black, hydroxylamine sulfate, fumed silica, sulfuric acid solution.
2. The spent lead-acid battery activator according to claim 1, wherein the contents of the components are respectively: 0.01 to 0.04 percent of XC-72R carbon black, 0.01 to 0.04 percent of BP2000 superconducting carbon black, 0.2 to 0.8 percent of hydroxylamine sulfate, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of fumed silica and 98.5 to 99.9 percent of sulfuric acid solution.
3. The spent lead-acid battery activator of claim 1, wherein the sulfuric acid solution has a molar concentration of 1-3mol/L.
4. The preparation method of the failure lead-acid storage battery activator is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage;
(2) Sequentially adding XC-72R carbon black, BP2000 superconducting carbon black, hydroxylamine sulfate and fumed silica into a beaker, and uniformly mixing;
(3) Adding sulfuric acid solution into the mixture in the step (2), mixing and stirring uniformly;
(4) Magnetically stirring the mixture obtained in the step (3) for 20-40min, and then ultrasonically oscillating in a water bath at 50-70 ℃ for 1-3h to obtain the invalid lead-acid storage battery activator.
5. The activation method of the failure lead-acid storage battery is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) Performing primary screening on the failure lead-acid storage battery, and selecting a battery without physical damage for discharge treatment;
(2) And adding an activating agent into the selected failure lead-acid storage battery, standing, and then carrying out charging activation on the selected failure lead-acid storage battery.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein in step (1), the battery is initially screened to obtain a battery with an intact casing and no physical damage such as leakage, no obvious breakage of grids and bus bars.
7. The method of activating a failed lead acid battery according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the cut-off voltage of the discharge treatment is 1.8V.
8. The method of activating a failed lead acid battery according to claim 5, wherein in step (2), the activator is added in an amount of 0.2 to 0.6ml/Ah nominal capacity.
9. The method for activating a failed lead-acid battery according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), the standing time is 2 to 14 hours.
10. The method of activating a spent lead-acid battery according to claim 5, wherein in step (2), the phase of the catalyst is at a level of 1.3 to 1.6I 10 Charging with current of A for 4-6 hours at 0.8-1.2I 10 Charging with current of A for 2-3 hr at 0.2-0.7I 10 The current of A is charged for 1-3 hours, and the constant voltage charging is carried out at the voltage of 2.4V until the charging current is less than 3A.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311165855.5A CN117013111A (en) | 2023-09-11 | 2023-09-11 | Preparation and application methods of activating agent for failure lead-acid storage battery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311165855.5A CN117013111A (en) | 2023-09-11 | 2023-09-11 | Preparation and application methods of activating agent for failure lead-acid storage battery |
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| CN117013111A true CN117013111A (en) | 2023-11-07 |
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| CN202311165855.5A Pending CN117013111A (en) | 2023-09-11 | 2023-09-11 | Preparation and application methods of activating agent for failure lead-acid storage battery |
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| Country | Link |
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