CN117013011A - Method for detecting leakage of coolant in fuel cell system - Google Patents

Method for detecting leakage of coolant in fuel cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117013011A
CN117013011A CN202311127015.XA CN202311127015A CN117013011A CN 117013011 A CN117013011 A CN 117013011A CN 202311127015 A CN202311127015 A CN 202311127015A CN 117013011 A CN117013011 A CN 117013011A
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China
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fuel cell
pressure
coolant
cell system
sensor
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CN202311127015.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
兰钦
岳朗
王军华
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Bosch Hydrogen Power System Chongqing Co ltd
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Bosch Hydrogen Power System Chongqing Co ltd
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Priority to CN202311127015.XA priority Critical patent/CN117013011A/en
Publication of CN117013011A publication Critical patent/CN117013011A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

A method of detecting coolant leakage in a fuel cell system, comprising: providing at least two pressure sensors having sensor chips and storing on each sensor chip deviation data corresponding to the respective initial deviations of the pressure sensors; installing two pressure sensors in a cooling circuit of the fuel cell system, and transmitting deviation data stored in sensor chips of the two pressure sensors to a fuel cell control unit of the fuel cell system, respectively; the pressure value of the cooling liquid in the cooling loop is detected through the two pressure sensors respectively, the detected pressure value is corrected by the fuel cell control unit through the received deviation data, the corrected pressure difference value is obtained, the corrected pressure difference value is compared with the pressure difference threshold value by the fuel cell control unit, and when the pressure difference value is smaller than the pressure difference threshold value, the leakage of the cooling liquid in the fuel cell system is determined.

Description

Method for detecting leakage of coolant in fuel cell system
Technical Field
The present application relates to a fuel cell system, and more particularly, to a method of improving reliability of coolant leak detection of a fuel cell stack.
Background
Fuel cells are widely used in the modern automotive industry due to the adoption of efficient and clean energy sources. Thermal management is important for fuel cell systems during operation of the fuel cell to maintain high efficiency and stability of the stack, both during system cooling during high power operation and during system warm-up during cold start, and for this reason, fuel cell systems employ circulation of a cooling fluid to cool and control the temperature of the fuel cell system.
However, there is also a problem of leakage of the coolant in the cooling circuit of the fuel cell system, and if the coolant leaks after a long period of use, the fuel cell is damaged due to light weight, and the coolant is brought into direct contact with the fuel cell due to heavy weight, so that spontaneous combustion or explosion of the fuel cell may be caused, which poses a threat to the personal safety of the user. In the fuel cell system, however, there are many locations where leakage of the coolant may occur due to many components in the cooling system, and it is difficult to detect the leakage. If leakage of the coolant is not found in time, this will lead to irreversible fuel cell stack damage and risk.
For this reason, it is necessary to design a fuel cell system capable of avoiding leakage of the inside of the coolant to solve the above-described problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to provide a method capable of reliably detecting leakage of a coolant in a fuel cell system.
To achieve the above object, the present application provides a method for detecting leakage of a coolant in a fuel cell system including a stack and a cooling circuit associated with the stack, the method comprising the steps of:
-providing at least two pressure sensors with sensor chips and storing on the sensor chip of each pressure sensor deviation data corresponding to the respective initial deviations of the pressure sensors;
-installing two of said pressure sensors in a cooling circuit of said fuel cell system and transmitting the deviation data stored in the sensor chips of the two pressure sensors, respectively, into a fuel cell control unit of the fuel cell system;
detecting pressure values of the coolant in the cooling circuit by means of the two pressure sensors, respectively, and the fuel cell control unit correcting the detected pressure values with the received deviation data and obtaining corrected differential pressure values based thereon,
-the fuel cell control unit comparing the corrected differential pressure value with a differential pressure threshold value, and determining that there is a leakage of coolant in the fuel cell system when the corrected differential pressure value is below the differential pressure threshold value.
Wherein the differential pressure threshold is determined based on the stack current and the coolant temperature.
Optionally, the cooling circuit comprises a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet which are connected with the electric pile, and the two pressure sensors are respectively arranged at the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet.
Optionally, the fuel cell system further includes two temperature detectors provided at the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet, respectively, and the fuel cell control unit corrects the differential pressure value based on the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor and the temperature value detected by the temperature detectors and the received deviation data.
Wherein, the pressure sensor is a SENT protocol-based pressure sensor.
Alternatively, the deviation data of the pressure sensor is obtained by the sensor manufacturer from sensor line end measurements.
Wherein the cooling fluid is a heat conducting fluid, such as water.
Alternatively, the fuel cell control unit stores the deviation data of the pressure sensor in a memory integral to the fuel cell control unit itself.
Alternatively, the fuel cell control unit stores the deviation data of the pressure sensor in a separate memory provided separately from the fuel cell system.
The application also relates to a fuel cell system in which the method as described above can be performed, the fuel cell system comprising: a fuel cell stack and a cooling circuit associated with the stack, the cooling circuit being connected to the stack at a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, respectively, at which coolant inlet and coolant outlet pressure sensors for detecting a coolant pressure are provided, respectively, wherein each of the pressure sensors includes a sensor chip in which initial deviation data of the corresponding pressure sensor is stored, the fuel cell system further comprising a fuel cell control unit configured to receive and store the initial deviation data from the sensor chip, and correct a pressure value detected by the pressure sensor based on the initial deviation data, obtain a corrected pressure value, and determine whether leakage of the coolant occurs based on the corrected pressure difference value.
Optionally, in the fuel cell system, temperature detectors for detecting the temperature of the coolant are provided at the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet, respectively, and the fuel cell control unit corrects the detected pressure value based on the temperature value detected by the temperature detectors and the initial deviation data.
The application also relates to a pressure sensor for use in a cooling circuit of a fuel cell system as described above, wherein initial deviation data of the pressure sensor is stored in a sensor chip of the pressure sensor.
After the scheme of the application is adopted, the measured differential pressure value can be corrected by utilizing the initial deviation of the pressure sensor, so that the influence of the self error of the pressure sensor on the detection result is minimized, the leakage of the cooling liquid in the fuel cell system can be accurately and timely detected, the resource waste caused by misjudgment and the leakage risk increase caused by the leakage judgment are avoided.
Drawings
The foregoing and other aspects of the application will be more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken together with the accompanying drawings. It is noted that the scale of the drawings may be different for clarity of illustration purposes, but this does not affect the understanding of the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a cooling system of a fuel cell system according to the present application; and
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a method of detecting coolant leakage in a fuel cell system according to the present application.
Detailed Description
In the drawings, wherein like structural or functional similar features are denoted by like reference numerals, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale and are exaggerated for clarity.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a cooling system of a fuel cell system according to the present application.
In general, a fuel cell system includes a stack 1 having an anode and a cathode, supplying air to the cathode, and discharging the discharged air to the outside of a vehicle through a tail pipe. The anode has an anode gas inlet and an anode gas outlet, the anode gas such as H 2 Can be supplied to the galvanic pile. Hydrogen molecules entering the anode are adsorbed by the catalyst and ionized into hydrogen ions and electrons, the hydrogen ions are transferred to the cathode through the proton exchange membrane in the stack, and the electrons flow to the cathode through an external circuit to form an electric current. Air enters the cathode where oxygen in the air combines with hydrogen ions and electrons to form water molecules and is exhausted from the cathode along with other gases in the air. The gas that is discharged from the cathode outlet may be referred to as "cathode off-gas", which is eventually discharged through the tail pipe of the vehicle.
In practice, the operating temperature of the stack 1 directly affects the catalytic conversion rate of the fuel cell and thus the hydration state inside the membrane, and thus it is necessary to control the operating temperature of the stack 1 more strictly so as to maintain it in a relatively stable state. For this purpose, fuel cell systems are generally provided with corresponding cooling systems or other temperature control devices. A cooling system for a fuel cell system is shown by way of example only in fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system has a cooling circuit 2 associated with a stack 1. The stack 1 has a coolant inlet 11 and a coolant outlet 12, and the cooling circuit 2 is connected to the coolant inlet 11 and the coolant outlet 12, respectively. The cooling circuit 2 includes therein a pump 21, the pump 21 being a core component of a cooling system of the fuel cell system, which activates and maintains circulation of the entire cooling circuit 2 by pumping a cooling liquid. The cooling circuit 2 further includes a regulating valve 22, and the flow rate of the cooling liquid is changed by the regulating valve 22, so that the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 is controlled, and the operating temperature of the stack is in a relatively suitable range (for example, the stack can be controlled to be maintained at about 80 ℃, and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the cooling liquid of the stack is controlled to be within 10 ℃, and more preferably 5 ℃). The regulator valve 22 may be a two-way valve or a three-way valve as shown in the figures, thereby providing more regulating options.
The cooling circuit 2 may further comprise a heat exchanger 23 and a radiator 24, which reduce the temperature of the warmed cooling liquid circulated out of the stack 1. Between the heat exchanger 23 and the radiator 24, a filter 20 may optionally be provided to filter the cooling liquid.
Additional internal coolers 25 and heat exchangers 26 are optionally also included in the cooling circuit 2 to assist in regulating the temperature of the cooling system.
Optionally, the cooling circuit 2 may further comprise an auxiliary heating circuit consisting of a PTC heater 27, a heat pump 28 and a heat core 29 to make further auxiliary adjustments to the temperature of the cooling system.
In the cooling circuit 2, an inlet pressure sensor 31 and an inlet temperature detector 32 are provided on a cooling line near the coolant inlet 11, and an outlet pressure sensor 33 and an outlet temperature detector 34 are provided on a cooling line near the coolant outlet 12. The inlet and outlet temperature detectors 32, 34 may be various temperature sensors or temperature detection devices known in the art to monitor the temperature at the inlet and outlet of the stack 1 at any time and to adjust the temperature of the stack in time.
As described above, leakage of the cooling liquid may occur in the cooling circuit 2, and on the one hand, if the leakage occurs outside the stack 1, the cooling effect of the cooling circuit 2 on the stack 1 may be insufficient due to the leakage of the cooling liquid, so that the temperature of the stack 1 may not be accurately controlled, resulting in unstable operation of the stack 1 or reduced stack life.
On the other hand, if leakage occurs inside the stack 1, it may cause direct damage to the stack 1 or even dangerous situations such as explosion.
The inventors have found that, in practice, it is possible to determine whether or not a leakage phenomenon of the coolant occurs in the cooling system of the fuel cell system by measuring only the difference in the pressures of the coolant at two locations in the cooling circuit of the fuel cell system, for example, the differential pressure of the measured values of the two pressure sensors 31, 33 shown in fig. 1, and that the analysis and determination of the detected value of the coolant pressure is performed by the fuel cell control unit FCCU in the fuel cell system.
That is, in the logic of the fuel cell control unit FCCU, an effective method of detecting the leakage of the coolant is performed based on the differential pressure of the measured values of the two pressure sensors, and the differential pressure is measured based on the temperature and the stack current of the fuel cell.
For example, in table 1 below, the differential pressure values of the cooling fluid measured with two pressure sensors at different stack currents and different temperatures are listed by way of example in hPa (i.e. hundred pa).
TABLE 1
For example, in a fuel cell stack, it was found that when tested using two pressure sensors as described above, the actual pressure difference of the cooling fluid was about 40-90 mbar, for example, at a stack current of 0-150A.
In practice, however, the pressure sensors 31, 33 themselves may have errors for various reasons, and the initial self-error of the pressure sensors involved may be about + -40 mbar for the specific two pressure sensors associated with the measurement of table 1, which order of magnitude initial error is too high with respect to the measurement of the differential pressure, i.e. has a very great influence on the detection accuracy.
Also as shown in table 1, at stack currents of 15 to 450A, the pressure difference threshold in the cooling circuit 2, which determines whether a leakage of cooling fluid occurs, may be about 30 to 80mbar, which threshold range is also already quite inaccurate compared to the initial own error of the pressure sensor.
That is, if the deviation of the pressure sensor itself is considered, the reliability of the current FCCU diagnostic logic for detecting the leakage of the coolant needs to be improved, because the differential pressure value caused by the deviation of the pressure sensor itself may be higher than the actual differential pressure value of the coolant in the cooling circuit, so that the measurement accuracy is drastically reduced.
However, no other type of differential pressure sensor or other methods are currently available for effectively detecting coolant leakage, and therefore, the inventor improves the existing methods, and discovers that the chip of the pressure sensor can be changed when leaving the factory.
Since most of the sensors in the fuel cell power modules of the fuel cell system are based on the send protocol, so are the pressure sensors, that is to say, such pressure sensors can store a large amount of data and can communicate with the fuel cell control unit FCCU.
Before shipment of such SENT protocol based pressure sensors 31 and 33, corresponding initial offset data for each pressure sensor can be stored in the chips of these pressure sensors 31 and 33, which offset values are also temperature and pressure dependent. For example, the initial deviation data in kPa for the pressure sensors used in the present application at different pressures and at different temperatures are listed by way of example in table 2 below.
TABLE 2
Alternatively, these bias data results may be obtained by the sensor vendor testing the EOL process at the end of the sensor line, storing the initial bias data for each pressure sensor 31, 33 into its respective chip.
After the pressure sensors 31, 33 are mounted to the cooling circuit 2, the measured differential pressure of the cooling fluid is corrected using these data values, and with these data corrections, the measured differential pressure value is closer to the actual differential pressure value of the cooling fluid, so that the robustness of the detection of leakage of the cooling fluid is significantly improved.
The method for detecting leakage of the cooling liquid in the cooling system shown in fig. 1 in the present application is specifically shown in fig. 2 and described as follows:
in step S1, the initial deviation values for each pressure sensor are recorded by the sensor line end test process of the sensor supplier, e.g. as shown in table 2 described above, but these are merely exemplary, and the actual situation may have different deviation results depending on different pressure sensors and test conditions and test means. The deviation results obtained for each pressure sensor are then recorded in the chip of the pressure sensor.
As previously mentioned, the sensors in the fuel cell power modules of the fuel cell system are typically based on the SENT (Single Edge Nibble Transmission) protocol, which is a digital signal interface commonly used for sensor signals in automotive electronics, and is typically used to transmit additional signals to the sensors, such as temperature, fault code, sensor type information, and the like. The send protocol based pressure sensors 31, 33 of the present application therefore have the ability to communicate their bias results to other electronics.
In step S2, the two pressure sensors 31, 33 provided in step S1 are connected to the coolant inlet 11 and the coolant outlet 12 of the cooling circuit 2 of the fuel cell system, respectively, and the pressure sensors 31, 33 are electrically connected to the fuel cell control unit FCCU of the fuel cell system. Subsequently, the initial deviation data about the pressure sensor stored in the chip of the pressure sensor in step S1 are transmitted to the fuel cell control unit FCCU by means of the sensor send slow channel of the pressure sensor 31, 33.
In step S3, the detected values of the coolant pressure at the coolant inlet 11 and the coolant outlet 12 are detected by the pressure sensors 31, 33, respectively, and the inlet and outlet temperature values of the stack 1 are detected by the inlet temperature detector 32 and the outlet temperature detector 34 provided at the coolant inlet and outlet, respectively, in the cooling circuit 2 shown in fig. 1, and the fuel cell control unit FCCU corrects or adjusts the detected pressure detection values of the pressure sensors 31, 33 based on the measured temperature values according to the deviation data received from the chips of the pressure sensors 31, 33 in step S2, thereby obtaining corrected values of the pressure sensors.
In step S4, the fuel cell control unit FCCU compares the pressure difference between the corrected correction values detected by the two pressure sensors 31, 33 with a pressure difference threshold value at which the leakage of the coolant occurs in the cooling circuit 2, and if the corrected pressure difference value is smaller than the pressure difference threshold value, determines that the leakage of the coolant occurs in the cooling circuit 2 of the fuel cell system, in which case the shutdown and maintenance of the system are immediately performed.
The pressure difference threshold value may be set according to the actual situation of the fuel cell stack, for example, the pressure difference threshold value may be set to 30-80mbar according to the stack current and the temperature of the cooling liquid.
Although two pressure sensors 31, 33 are provided in the cooling circuit 2 as described above, this is merely an example, and the present application is not limited thereto, and in practice, more than two pressure sensors may be provided in the cooling circuit 2, and the pressure difference between the plurality of pressure sensors may be detected and averaged and optimized for more accurate and robust detection of leakage of the cooling liquid.
For example, three pressure sensors may be provided, one in a line location other than the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet.
In the present application, the cooling liquid in the cooling circuit 2 may be water or a cooling liquid of another material.
According to the application, the initial deviation of the pressure sensor is used for correcting the actually measured differential pressure value in the using process, so that the influence of the initial deviation of the pressure sensor on the detection result is minimized, the leakage of the cooling liquid in the fuel cell system can be accurately and timely detected, the resource waste caused by misjudgment and the leakage risk increase caused by the leakage judgment are avoided.
Although specific embodiments of the application have been described in detail herein, they are presented for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. Various substitutions, alterations, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the application.

Claims (12)

1. A method for detecting a coolant leak in a fuel cell system including a stack and a cooling circuit associated with the stack, the method comprising the steps of:
-providing at least two pressure sensors with sensor chips and storing on the sensor chip of each pressure sensor deviation data corresponding to the respective initial deviations of the pressure sensors;
-installing two of said pressure sensors in a cooling circuit of said fuel cell system and transmitting the deviation data stored in the sensor chips of the two pressure sensors, respectively, into a fuel cell control unit of the fuel cell system;
detecting pressure values of the coolant in the cooling circuit by means of the two pressure sensors, respectively, and the fuel cell control unit correcting the detected pressure values with the received deviation data and obtaining corrected differential pressure values based thereon,
-the fuel cell control unit comparing the corrected differential pressure value with a differential pressure threshold value, and determining that there is a leakage of coolant in the fuel cell system when the corrected differential pressure value is smaller than the differential pressure threshold value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the differential pressure threshold is set based on a stack current and a temperature of a coolant.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cooling circuit comprises a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet connected to the stack, two pressure sensors being provided at the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet, respectively.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the fuel cell system further comprises two temperature detectors provided at the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet, respectively, and the fuel cell control unit corrects the differential pressure value based on the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor and the temperature value detected by the temperature detector and the received deviation data.
5. The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein the pressure sensor is a send protocol based pressure sensor.
6. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein the deviation data of the pressure sensor is obtained by a sensor manufacturer from sensor line end measurements.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the cooling liquid is a heat conducting fluid, such as water.
8. The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein the fuel cell control unit stores the deviation data of the pressure sensor in a memory integral to the fuel cell control unit itself.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the fuel cell control unit stores the deviation data of the pressure sensor in a separate memory provided separately from the fuel cell system.
10. A fuel cell system in which the method of any one of claims 1-9 is performed, the fuel cell system comprising: a fuel cell stack and a cooling circuit associated with the stack, the cooling circuit being connected to the stack at a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, respectively, at which coolant inlet and coolant outlet pressure sensors for detecting a coolant pressure are provided, respectively, wherein each of the pressure sensors includes a sensor chip in which initial deviation data of the corresponding pressure sensor is stored, the fuel cell system further comprising a fuel cell control unit configured to receive and store the initial deviation data from the sensor chip, and correct a pressure value detected by the pressure sensor based on the initial deviation data, obtain a corrected pressure value, and determine whether leakage of the coolant occurs based on the corrected pressure difference value.
11. The fuel cell system according to claim 10, wherein at the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet, temperature detectors for detecting a temperature of the coolant are provided, respectively, and the fuel cell control unit corrects the detected pressure value based on the temperature value detected by the temperature detectors and the initial deviation data.
12. A pressure sensor for use in a cooling circuit of a fuel cell system according to claim 10 or 11, wherein initial deviation data of the pressure sensor is stored in a sensor chip of the pressure sensor.
CN202311127015.XA 2023-09-01 2023-09-01 Method for detecting leakage of coolant in fuel cell system Pending CN117013011A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311127015.XA CN117013011A (en) 2023-09-01 2023-09-01 Method for detecting leakage of coolant in fuel cell system

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CN117013011A true CN117013011A (en) 2023-11-07

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