CN117012419A - Method and device for measuring steady-state current signal component of self-powered detector - Google Patents
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Abstract
The device mainly comprises a self-powered detector probe, a signal cable, an electrometer, a data acquisition system, a reactor and a control system. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a detector steady-state current component equation according to a response mechanism, and measuring the step response current of the detector through a reactor irradiation experiment; developing a fast rod falling and shutdown experiment, continuously measuring the output signal of the detector, fitting the shutdown attenuation total current based on an exponential function, and calculating the transient component of the steady-state current; and according to the half-life period of the nuclear reaction of the emitter, the shutdown attenuation gamma current is functionally fitted, and the decay gamma component and neutron decay component of the steady-state current are calculated. The measuring method and the measuring device are simple and efficient, the component data of the steady-state current of the detector can be obtained through a single experiment, the measuring method and the measuring device are suitable for various types of self-powered detectors, and the measuring method and the measuring device can be applied to the numerical model verification and performance calibration experiment of the detector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactor operation monitoring and reactor core neutron detectors, in particular to a method and a device for measuring steady-state current signal components of a self-powered detector.
Background
As an on-line monitoring instrument for the power distribution of a third-generation commercial pressurized water reactor core, the research and development of a high-precision numerical model of a self-powered detector and the experimental test on the reactor have important significance for the localization of nuclear power equipment. Numerical simulation of neutron sensitivity and current signals requires consideration of various factors such as nuclear reactions, radioactive decay delays, insulator space charge effects, etc. of different detector structures. In view of the above, the monte carlo method is currently widely adopted internationally to deal with the neutron-photon-electron coupled transport problem of self-powered detectors.
The existing self-powered detector Monte Carlo model adopts microcosmic nuclear section data based on different reaction channels, so that effective quantification of the contribution of various physical processes to the detector current is realized, and the method is one of advantages compared with an early-stage analytic calculation model. The response of a typical delayed detector consists essentially of the beta current produced by neutrons and the prompt current produced by the neutron capture process, as well as the gamma prompt current produced by the fission process and the delayed current caused by the decaying gamma rays. While many detector numerical calculation models have fully considered the various physical processes described above, verification of the model is inadequate, mainly due to calculation uncertainty and lack of verification data in the context of real core problems. Therefore, how to obtain reference data of more actual operation conditions of the detector without significantly increasing experimental cost, and to be used for verifying a sensitivity model of the detector and calibrating performance of the detector is one of the challenges facing scientific research and engineering application of the self-powered detector.
Limited by the low sensitivity and irradiation conditions, experimental investigation of self-powered detectors typically requires a stringent on-stack test environment. The measurement of the steady state current of the detector is the core target of the on-stack test, however, the lumped quantity cannot be directly used for verification of the sensitivity component separation model, and the prompt signal of the detector cannot be monitored through the measured current curve. Therefore, aiming at the response characteristics of the self-powered detector, it is necessary to invent a simple and efficient measuring method for acquiring the steady-state current signal component of the self-powered detector and provide a corresponding feasible measuring device.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a device for measuring a steady-state current signal component of a self-powered detector, which solve the verification problem of a detector signal separation numerical model by using an innovative measurement technology. On the premise of not remarkably increasing the complexity of the detector irradiation experiment, the instantaneous component, the decay gamma component and the neutron decay component of the detector steady-state current are obtained step by utilizing the fast shutdown decay current by establishing a detector steady-state current component equation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring steady-state current signal components of a self-powered detector comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the response mechanism of the self-powered detector in the reactor radiation field, the half-life of the detector emitter is obtained, and a steady-state current component equation of the detector is established by using a formula (1);
wherein:
I s -a lumped amount of detector steady state current;
-detector steady state current (n, beta) - ) Neutron decay components;
-detector steady state current (n, γ, e) - ) A neutron capture component;
-detector steady state current (gamma) P ,e - ) Prompting the gamma component;
-detector steady state current (gamma) D ,e - ) Decay gamma components;
step 2: placing a self-powered detector in a stable reactor irradiation environment, calculating initial irradiation time according to the half-life of the detector emitter obtained in the step 1 and the formula (2), measuring step response current of the detector, and calculating the total amount of a steady-state current set by using the formula (3);
wherein:
T 1 -an initial irradiation time of the detector;
T 1/2 -half-life of detector emitter;
t-the irradiation time of the detector;
I 1 (t) -a step response current of the detector;
the irradiation time is 8.5 times T 1/2 To T 1 Average value of the step response current of the inner detector;
step 3: rapidly dropping a rod and stopping a reactor, recording the time of stopping the reactor, and calculating the acquisition termination time of a detector signal according to the half-life period of the detector emitter obtained in the step 1 and the formula (4) to obtain the attenuation measuring current of the reactor;
t e ≥t s +12.5T 1/2 (4)
t s -stopping the stack;
t e -the moment of termination of acquisition of the detector signal;
step 4: obtaining a fitting function of the total current of the shutdown attenuation according to the shutdown attenuation measurement current obtained in the step 3, wherein the fitting function is shown in a formula (5), and calculating a steady-state current transient component by using a formula (6);
f 1 (t)＝A·e -λt ～I 2 (t),t∈[t s+1 ,t s +8.5T 1/2 ] (5)
f 1 (t) -a fitted function of the total current of shutdown attenuation;
a, coefficient of the shutdown attenuation total current fitting function;
λ—the exponent of the shutdown decay total current fitting function;
I 2 (t) -the shutdown attenuation measurement current of the detector;
t s+1 -the next detector signal sampling moment after the shutdown;
I sP -detecting an instantaneous component of the steady state current of the detector;
step 5: obtaining a fitting function of the shutdown attenuation gamma current according to the shutdown attenuation measured current obtained in the step 3, wherein the fitting function is shown in a formula (7);
f 2 (t)～I 2 (t),t∈[t s +8.5T 1/2 ,t e ] (7)
f 2 (t) -a fit function of shutdown attenuation gamma current;
step 6: calculating a steady-state current decay gamma component by using a formula (8) according to the fitting function of the shutdown decay gamma current obtained in the step (5); calculating a steady-state current neutron decay component according to the total steady-state current set obtained in the step 2, the steady-state current transient component obtained in the step 4 and the formula (9);
f 2 (t s ) -a function value of a fit function of the shutdown attenuation gamma current at shutdown time.
The half-life of the detector emitter described in step 1 is obtained from a decay nuclear database.
A measurement device for implementing a method of measuring a steady-state current signal component of the self-powered detector, comprising:
1. the self-powered detector probe is used for reacting with neutrons and gamma rays and generating current signals;
2. a signal cable for connecting and transmitting the output signal of the detector to the electrometer;
3. an electrometer for measuring the current signal of the detector and converting it into a digital signal;
4. the data acquisition system is used for collecting and recording measurement data of the electrometer;
5. the reactor and the control system are used for providing an irradiation environment for the detector experiment and have stable different power platform capacities.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding advantages:
1. in the invention, a steady-state current component equation and a current component measurement method established according to a response mechanism of the self-powered detector in the radiation field are applicable to various types of detectors, are not limited by the characteristics of a reactor, and have strong universality;
2. compared with the early detector sensitivity calibration experiment, the invention only increases the field operation of rapid rod falling and shutdown and continuous shutdown signal acquisition in the aspect of actual measurement, and the electronic device is simple and has strong engineering feasibility;
3. in the invention, the measured signal component of the detector can be effectively obtained by updating the measurement technology, so that the invention not only can be used for numerical verification, but also provides more perfect detector performance calibration data, can be used for noise signal analysis and monitoring algorithm processing of the self-powered detector, and provides data support for the operation of a reactor instrument control system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a shutdown attenuation measurement current obtained for a vanadium self-powered detector in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the method of the invention for measuring steady-state current signal components obtained by the vanadium self-powered detector.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
the invention discloses a measuring method of a steady-state current signal component of a self-powered detector, which mainly comprises the steps of establishing a steady-state current component equation of the detector, measuring step response current and analyzing a shutdown attenuation current signal, and takes a vanadium self-powered detector as an example, and comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: according to the response mechanism of the vanadium self-powered detector in the reactor radiation field, the half-life period of the detector emitter is 3.74 minutes, and a detector steady-state current component equation is established by utilizing a formula (1);
wherein:
I s -a lumped amount of detector steady state current;
——detector steady state current (n, beta) - ) Neutron decay components;
-detector steady state current (n, γ, e) - ) A neutron capture component;
-detector steady state current (gamma) P ,e - ) Prompting the gamma component;
-detector steady state current (gamma) D ,e - ) Decay gamma components;
step 2: placing a vanadium detector in a stable reactor irradiation environment, calculating initial irradiation time according to the half-life period of the detector emitter obtained in the step 1 and the formula (2), measuring step response current of the detector, and calculating the total steady-state current set by using the formula (3);
T 1 ≥8.5T 1/2 (2)
wherein:
T 1 the initial irradiation time of the detector is not shorter than 31.8 minutes for the vanadium detector;
T 1/2 half-life of detector emitter, 3.74 minutes;
t-the irradiation time of the detector;
I 1 (t) -the step response current of the detector, see pre-trip current in fig. 2;
-half-life with an irradiation time of 8.5 timesStage to T 1 Average value of the step response current of the inner detector;
step 3: rapidly dropping a rod and stopping a reactor, recording the time of stopping the reactor, and calculating the acquisition termination time of a detector signal according to the half-life period of the detector emitter obtained in the step 1 and the formula (4) to obtain the attenuation measuring current of the reactor;
t e ≥t s +12.5T 1/2 (4)
t s -the shutdown time is recorded on site by the acquisition system;
t e -the acquisition termination time of the detector signal, for the vanadium detector, the continuous acquisition time of the current signal after shutdown is not shorter than 46.8 minutes;
step 4: obtaining a fitting function of the total current of the shutdown attenuation according to the shutdown attenuation measurement current obtained in the step 3, wherein the fitting function is shown in a formula (5), and calculating a steady-state current transient component by using a formula (6);
f 1 (t)＝A·e -λt ～I 2 (t),t∈[t s+1 ,t s +8.5T 1/2 ] (5)
f 1 (t) -a fitted function of the total current of shutdown attenuation, see fig. 3;
a, coefficient of the shutdown attenuation total current fitting function;
λ—the exponent of the shutdown decay total current fitting function;
I 2 (t) -the shutdown decay measurement current of the detector, see post-shutdown current in fig. 2;
t s+1 -the next detector signal sampling moment after the shutdown;
I sP -the instantaneous component of the detector steady-state current is equal to the sum of the neutron capture component and the prompt gamma component of the steady-state current;
step 5: obtaining a fitting function of the shutdown attenuation gamma current according to the shutdown attenuation measured current obtained in the step 3, wherein the fitting function is shown in a formula (7);
f 2 (t)～I 2 (t),t∈[t s +8.5T 1/2 ,t e ](7)
f 2 (t) -a fitted function of shutdown attenuation gamma current, see fig. 3;
step 6: calculating a steady-state current decay gamma component by using a formula (8) according to the fitting function of the shutdown decay gamma current obtained in the step (5); calculating a steady-state current neutron decay component according to the total steady-state current set obtained in the step 2, the steady-state current transient component obtained in the step 4 and the formula (9);
f 2 (t s ) -a function value of a fit function of the shutdown attenuation gamma current at shutdown time.
Accordingly, a device for measuring steady-state current signal components of a self-powered detector, comprising: the self-powered detector probe is used for reacting with neutrons and gamma rays and generating current signals; a signal cable for connecting and transmitting the output signal of the detector to the electrometer; an electrometer for measuring the current signal of the detector and converting it into a digital signal; the data acquisition system is used for collecting and recording measurement data of the electrometer; the reactor and the control system are used for providing an irradiation environment for the detector experiment and have stable different power platform capacities.
In the invention, the specific type of the self-powered detector in the step 1 is arbitrary, the method has no specific selectivity to the type of the self-powered detector, and the form of a steady-state current component equation has universality and is not limited by artificial factors and practical experience.
The fit function of the shutdown attenuation gamma current in the equation (7) of step 5 is not limited by a specific function type, and in particular, an exponential function and a logarithmic function are preferable. The correlation coefficient of the fitting function and the measured data should be not less than 0.95.
The fitting functions in the formula (5) and the formula (7) in the steps 4-5 can be calculated by adopting least square, LM, SVM and other fitting algorithms, or by means of various fitting tools Python, 1st Opt and the like, and the function fitting method for measuring the current is not particularly limited.
To verify the effectiveness of the present invention, fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a method for measuring the steady-state current signal component of a vanadium self-powered detector using the present invention. The lumped quantity of the steady-state current of the detector is obtained by calculating the step response current in fig. 3, and a fitting function of the total current of the shutdown attenuation and the gamma current is obtained through the shutdown attenuation measuring current, wherein the fitting function is respectively shown as a formula (10) and a formula (11);
f 1 (t)＝2.58996×10 -9 ·e -0.0039318(t-4566.5) (10)
t c ＝t+1875.5
the steady-state current signal component data obtained for the problem of the self-powered detector of the application object vanadium is shown in table 1, and the effectiveness of the measuring method and the measuring device is proved by extracting the response component data of the detector by using the actually measured current signal.
TABLE 1
| Total amount of steady state current set | Instantaneous component | Decay gamma component | Neutron decay component |
| 2.62558×10 -9 A | 3.562×10 -11 A | -6.325×10 -12 A | 2.596×10 -9 A |
The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring steady-state current signal components of a self-powered detector. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a detector steady-state current component equation according to a response mechanism, and measuring the step response current of the detector through a reactor irradiation experiment; developing a fast rod falling and shutdown experiment, continuously measuring the output signal of the detector, fitting the shutdown attenuation total current based on an exponential function, and calculating the transient component of the steady-state current; and according to the half-life period of the nuclear reaction of the emitter, the shutdown attenuation gamma current is functionally fitted, and the decay gamma component and neutron decay component of the steady-state current are calculated. The measuring method and the measuring device are simple and efficient, the component data of the steady-state current of the detector can be obtained through a single experiment, the measuring method and the measuring device are suitable for various types of self-powered detectors, and the measuring method and the measuring device can be applied to the numerical model verification and performance calibration experiment of the detector.
The steady-state current signal component of the detector obtained by the invention can provide reference data for the development and verification of a sensor model, and expands the application range of experimental data. In addition, based on the measuring method and the measuring device, the response signals of the self-powered detector of the reactor core can be classified, such as quick response and delayed response, neutron signals and gamma signals, are beneficial to noise analysis and monitoring processing of the detector, and dynamic reference data can be provided for the tracking operation of the reactor core.
Claims (3)
1. A method for measuring a steady-state current signal component of a self-powered detector, comprising the steps of:
step 1: according to the response mechanism of the self-powered detector in the reactor radiation field, the half-life of the detector emitter is obtained, and a steady-state current component equation of the detector is established by using a formula (1);
wherein:
I s -a lumped amount of detector steady state current;
-detector steady state current (n, beta) - ) Neutron decay components;
-detector steady state current (n, γ, e) - ) A neutron capture component;
-detector steady state current (gamma) P ,e - ) Prompting the gamma component;
-detector steady state current (gamma) D ,e - ) Decay gamma components;
step 2: placing a self-powered detector in a stable reactor irradiation environment, calculating initial irradiation time according to the half-life of the detector emitter obtained in the step 1 and the formula (2), measuring step response current of the detector, and calculating the total amount of a steady-state current set by using the formula (3);
T 1 ≥8.5T 1/2 (2)
wherein:
T 1 -an initial irradiation time of the detector;
T 1/2 -half-life of detector emitter;
t-the irradiation time of the detector;
I 1 (t) -a step response current of the detector;
the irradiation time is 8.5 times T 1/2 To T 1 Average value of the step response current of the inner detector;
step 3: rapidly dropping a rod and stopping a reactor, recording the time of stopping the reactor, and calculating the acquisition termination time of a detector signal according to the half-life period of the detector emitter obtained in the step 1 and the formula (4) to obtain the attenuation measuring current of the reactor;
t e ≥t s +12.5T 1/2 (4)
t s -stopping the stack;
t e -the moment of termination of acquisition of the detector signal;
step 4: obtaining a fitting function of the total current of the shutdown attenuation according to the shutdown attenuation measurement current obtained in the step 3, wherein the fitting function is shown in a formula (5), and calculating a steady-state current transient component by using a formula (6);
f 1 (t)＝A·e -λt ～I 2 (t),t∈[t s+1 ,t s +8.5T 1/2 ] (5)
f 1 (t) -shutdown failureA fitting function of subtracting the total current;
a, coefficient of the shutdown attenuation total current fitting function;
λ—the exponent of the shutdown decay total current fitting function;
I 2 (t) -the shutdown attenuation measurement current of the detector;
t s+1 -the next detector signal sampling moment after the shutdown;
-detecting an instantaneous component of the steady state current of the detector;
step 5: obtaining a fitting function of the shutdown attenuation gamma current according to the shutdown attenuation measured current obtained in the step 3, wherein the fitting function is shown in a formula (7);
f 2 (t)～I 2 (t),t∈[t s +8.5T 1/2 ,t e ] (7)
f 2 (t) -a fit function of shutdown attenuation gamma current;
step 6: calculating a steady-state current decay gamma component by using a formula (8) according to the fitting function of the shutdown decay gamma current obtained in the step (5); calculating a steady-state current neutron decay component according to the total steady-state current set obtained in the step 2, the steady-state current transient component obtained in the step 4 and the formula (9);
f 2 (t s ) -a function value of a fit function of the shutdown attenuation gamma current at shutdown time.
2. A method of measuring a steady state current signal component of a self-powered detector as defined in claim 1, wherein: the half-life of the detector emitter described in step 1 is obtained from a decay nuclear database.
3. A measurement device for implementing a method for measuring a steady-state current signal component of a self-powered detector according to claim 1 or 2, comprising:
the self-powered detector probe is used for reacting with neutrons and gamma rays and generating current signals;
a signal cable for connecting and transmitting the output signal of the detector to the electrometer;
an electrometer for measuring the current signal of the detector and converting it into a digital signal;
the data acquisition system is used for collecting and recording measurement data of the electrometer;
the reactor and the control system are used for providing an irradiation environment for the detector experiment and have stable different power platform capacities.
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