CN116990890A - 实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的级联液晶几何相位透镜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的级联液晶几何相位透镜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN116990890A
CN116990890A CN202310829091.9A CN202310829091A CN116990890A CN 116990890 A CN116990890 A CN 116990890A CN 202310829091 A CN202310829091 A CN 202310829091A CN 116990890 A CN116990890 A CN 116990890A
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赵元安
莫之畅
欧少忠
王焜
王建国
刘晓凤
邵建达
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的级联液晶几何相位透镜及其制备方法。衍射平面透镜相较于传统折射式光学透镜更能为轻量化、小型化光学系统带来便利。但是其固有特性导致其色差现象较为严重。对于双层级联液晶几何相位透镜结构实现三波长的消色差聚焦,在这一结构中,两层液晶透镜的几何相位分布可分别对两种波长进行聚焦,同时,它们的几何相位的耦合也可对另一特定波长进行聚焦。基于该原理,在三层级联液晶几何相位透镜中,由于层与层之间依据排列组合进行耦合,可对7种不同波长实现消色差。此外,由于振幅系数与液晶的相位延迟量有关,因此可以利用电压调节焦点强度。该方法为多功能多场景的平面透镜应用提供一种解决方案。

Description

实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的级联液晶几何相位透镜及 其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于消色差衍射透镜领域,具体是一种实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的级联液晶几何相位透镜及其制备方法。
背景技术
自从牛顿利用棱镜发现白光能分解成多种色光的现象以来,人们将大多数光学材料的折射率会随着光波长的增大而减小这一固有特性定义色散。色散导致的色差会给许多成像系统带来扰动,因此利用消色差透镜等元件实现宽谱或多波长相位补偿有助于得到颜色准确、清晰锐利的成像图案。而目前面对光学系统轻量化、紧凑化的迫切需求,平面型超透镜被提出,但是无论元件的相移来自传输相位、迂回相位、还是几何相位,它们都依然符合衍射透镜负色散特性,只能满足单波长的聚焦要求,无法满足宽谱或多波长的应用场景。近期在超表面领域许多消色差超透镜的相关研究也提供了全新的解决方案,例如,通过设计超透镜上条形介质谐振器的参数以补偿传播相位带来的色差,实现1300nm、1550nm和1800nm三波长共聚焦超透镜;也有基于空间复用设计的双波长消色差透镜,以及利用氮化镓、氮化硅等材料作为共振谐振器实现宽带消色差功能的超表面结构,或者利用液晶的动态相位调控特性结合超表面实现消色差及变焦功能,当然也存在利用垂直堆叠的三层金属超透镜实现RGB消色差。
但是这些消色差技术实现消色差波长的数量仅为3个,并且波长的跨度很小,并且不可调控。为此,我们提出一种级联液晶几何相位透镜实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的方法,在类似的三层级联下,消色差波长数达到7个,并且焦点强度可以调节。
发明内容
本发明为了解决上述传统衍射透镜消色差的不足,提出一种级联液晶几何相位透镜实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的方法。传统衍射透镜的相位分布和波长存在一一对应关系,这也意味着采用三层衍射透镜堆叠或者单层透镜上三块区域复用以及使用不同结构的相位单元都只能使消色差波长数在三个以内,并且波长跨度很小。而级联液晶几何相位透镜则在这一方面具备独特优势。
液晶是一种双折射元件,其相位延迟量δ可表示为其中Δn为液晶双折射率,而d为液晶层或者液晶盒厚度,λ为入射光波长。其对相位的控制可以从两个方面进行,第一是通过对液晶盒加载电压,因而控制液晶分子倾角实现动力学上相位控制,第二可以通过光控取向方式控制液晶分子的方位角,实现对几何相位的控制。可以通过琼斯矩阵来计算线偏光经过液晶单元的情况。
首先对于单层液晶而言,定义入射光矩阵那么所述的第一液晶层的某一像素出射光矩阵/>满足如下公式:
假定x、y方向上偏振分量分别为Ex,Ey线偏振单色波入射用矩阵表示为
那么出射后矩阵分解为左右圆偏振的组合
当δ=π时,对于右旋光与左旋光则分别赋予了ei2θ、e-i2θ的几何相位。随着θ角的变化可以实现不同的相位分布。根据现有相关技术,利用光取向实现同一θ角的像素取向区域尺寸最小可达100nm,很容易满足衍射透镜设计要求,即平面波入射后,不同位置的转角产生不同的几何相位,使这些几何相位满足梯度的相移,使得波前汇聚到一焦点,公式如下
其中f为设置的透镜的焦距。
显然,对于单层的透镜而言,无法进行调控,功能较为单一。因此引入液晶透镜2,当像素到像素对准后,液晶透镜1的某一像元相位延迟量为δ′,方位角为θ′,而液晶透镜2的相位延迟量为δ,方位角θ,两个透镜可以通过电压改变相位延迟量。
光束入射后穿过两个像元最后出射,从琼斯矩阵上看为以下公式,
上式有三个相位分量,分别为θ,θ,θ-θ,因此可以分别对应三个波长的相位。令
则三波长可以聚焦。而不同相位项前的振幅因子同不同层的液晶相位延迟量有关,因此可以通过调节透镜加载的电压控制焦点强度。
进一步地,将级联透镜推广到三层,则会有存在三个初始的写入相位分布,三个两两耦合的相位分布,以及一个三层一起耦合的相位分布。理论上这7个相位分布可以使7个波长共聚焦。例如,我们设置三层级联液晶透镜的三个初始设计波长为396.8nm,1064nm,1550nm,那么耦合几何相位能让632.8nm,532.8nm,3383nm,450nm共4种不同波长的光聚焦同一位置。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
该发明通过利用级联液晶几何相位透镜间存在相位耦合的原理,利用耦合几何相位实现特定波长的聚焦,且焦点位置与初始设计波长的聚焦位置一致。这一效果在于,级联液晶几何相位透镜突破了传统衍射透镜层数与消色差波长数需要一一对应的规律,即级联液晶几何相位透镜突破了两层衍射透镜只能满足两种波长消色差,三层衍射透镜只能满足三种波长消色差,且消色差波长间跨度很小这一限制,通过级联液晶透镜的不同的层间耦合,两层即可实现三波长消色差,三层可实现七波长消色差,且消色差波长间跨度大。在有限空间内,极大丰富了衍射透镜的应用场景,为轻量化,紧凑化光学系统提供解决方案。
更为重要的是,本发明中液晶具有电控双折射效应,可以针对不同波长调节以获得不同强度焦点输出,这种电控强度调节功能是传统衍射透镜不具备的,本发明利用这种焦点强度可调特性可以实现不同波长焦点的能量分配,对光通信,近眼显示领域具备重要价值。
附图说明
通过以下参照附图对本发明实施例的描述,本发明的上述以及其他目的、特征和优点将更为清楚。
图1消色差级联液晶几何相位透镜制备工艺流程图。
图2(a)为双层消色差级联液晶几何相位透镜示意图。
图2(b)为对准的像素单元液晶分子的x-y平面内的方位角与分子长轴与平面x-y的倾角示意图。
图3双层消色差级联液晶几何相位透镜三波长入射仿真示意图
具体实施方式
以下将参照附图更详细地描述本发明。为了清楚起见,附图中的各个部分没有按比例绘制。此外,在图中可能未示出某些公知的部分。
在下文中描述了本发明的许多特定的细节,例如部件的结构、材料、尺寸、处理工艺和技术,以便更清楚地理解本发明。但正如本领域的技术人员能够理解的那样,可以不按照这些特定的细节来实现本发明。
图1展示了消色差级联液晶几何相位透镜制备工艺流程图,主要材料包括玻璃基底、ITO、光取向、液晶、固化胶等材料。
具体而言,玻璃基底上镀有ITO薄膜,并在ITO薄膜上旋涂有光取向层,利用框胶将两片该结构粘结成一个空腔。依据超透镜设计原理对光取向层进行曝光后,注入液晶,并将空腔利用固化胶封口。就制得液晶几何相位透镜1;然后将另外一制得的空盒与液晶几何相位透镜1堆叠,保证像素到像素的对准,依次进行二次曝光,二次注入,二次封口,就得到双层级联液晶几何相位透镜,这种双层结构已经可以实现三波长消色差了,倘若再重复相似工艺,制得三层级联结构则可以实现七波长消色差。
图2(a)进一步展示了双层消色差级联液晶几何相位透镜的结构示意图,当液晶分子方位角满足几何相位透镜的分布条件后,图2(b)展示两层液晶像素对准后方位角和倾角不同的物理模型示意图,通过加载电压即可调节液晶分子倾角以实现焦点强度调制功能。
图3模拟了396.8nm,1064nm,632.8nm三种波长的线偏光入射双层级联液晶几何相位透镜的结果,可以看到,这两层结构原本针对396.8nm,1064nm两个波长设计,却因为耦合的几何相位存在,能让另外一波长632.8nmd波长的光束也能聚焦在同一位置。证明本发明这种方法的有效性。
依照本发明的实施例如上文所述,这些实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节,也不限制该发明仅为所述的具体实施例。显然,根据以上描述,可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例,是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用,从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地利用本发明以及在本发明基础上的修改使用。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。

Claims (8)

1.实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的级联液晶几何相位透镜,其特征在于,针对波长λ0与设计波长λ1,共同焦距f设计液晶几何相位透镜1的液晶分子取向θ,与液晶几何相位透镜2的液晶分子取向θ′,公式如下:
式中,x,y分别是每个取向单元在液晶透镜1平面上的中心坐标;
两层几何相位透镜在垂直堆叠的方向上进行取向单元到取向单元的对准,此时对于y方向偏振的线偏光穿过任意已经对准的液晶取向单元,其出射光矩阵/>满足如下公式
其中,δ为相位延迟量,Δn为液晶双折射率,d为液晶层的厚度,为旋转矩阵,/>代表液晶对于沿快慢轴传播光的相位调制;
R(θ′)与T(δ′)同理;
将这一结果写成左旋光和右旋光的组合,有
除了原始的θ与θ′的几何相位分布,还存在θ-θ的几何相位分布,且有
因此,这一耦合几何相位分布能够对λ2也产生同样的聚焦效果,也就是说双层级联液晶透镜实现了三波长消色差。
2.根据权利要求1所述的实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的级联液晶几何相位透镜,其特征在于,三层级联液晶几何透镜,除了固有的三种几何相位分布外,还存在三种因为两层透镜两两耦合的几何相位分布以及一种三层透镜一起耦合的几何相位分布,总共7种不同相位分布,可以实现7波长消色差。
3.根据权利要求1所述的实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的级联液晶几何相位透镜,其特征在于,不同几何相位项前的振幅系数分别为这意味着根据液晶分子电控调节双折射率的特性,通过加载不同电压获得不同强度的焦点。
4.根据权利要求1所述的实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的级联液晶几何相位透镜,其特征在于,液晶仅作为某一种具备几何相位调制能力的材料应用于级联消色差几何相位透镜中,而其他同样具备几何相位调制能力的材料以类似设计方法应用到消色差及焦点强度调制功能上也同样适用。
5.根据权利要求1所述的实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的级联液晶几何相位透镜,其特征在于,耦合几何相位的存在不仅可以作为聚焦效果使用,还可以应用到信息隐写中,例如,利用全息算法,将第一层取向角分布设计为可以通过计算全息形成图像1,将第二层取向角分布设计为可以通过计算全息形成图像2,将耦合的几何相位设计可以通过计算全息形成图像3,实现不同的信息存储。
6.根据权利要求1所述的实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的级联液晶几何相位透镜,其特征在于,当θ(x,y,λ0)=2′(x,y,λ0),对于单色光入射,聚焦项为因此可以实现任意椭圆偏振输出。
7.一种实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的级联液晶几何相位透镜的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法如下:
S1、在两块ITO透明基底上分别制备光取向层,利用传统液晶盒制备方法得到液晶空盒1;
S2、设计该层上不同像素区域的取向角,形成几何相位透镜1的几何相位分布,并利用光取向技术写入几何相位,像素尺寸范围可为1μm*1μm~100nm*100nm;
S3、向液晶空盒注入液晶,封口后得到液晶几何相位透镜1;
S4、制备第二个液晶空盒2,并将液晶空盒2利用固化胶等方式与液晶几何相位透镜1在垂直方向堆叠粘连,形成级联结构,再按照S1-S3相同步骤制得液晶几何相位透镜2;
S5、重复上述步骤可以制得液晶几何相位透镜3,并且液晶几何相位透镜1,2,3实现了像素到像素的对准。
8.根据权利要求1所述的实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的级联液晶几何相位透镜的制备方法,其特征在于,对于单波长使用时,控制电压将不同级联层的液晶相位延迟量进行调节,使其振幅系数最大,因此焦点强度最大,该波长的光束会聚焦于设定焦点;对于多波长使用时,将相位延迟量调节至对于每个波长,都有合适的振幅系数,那么多波长的光束均可实现共聚焦。
CN202310829091.9A 2023-07-07 2023-07-07 实现焦点强度可调和消色差功能的级联液晶几何相位透镜及其制备方法 Pending CN116990890A (zh)

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