CN116990791B - Multi-receiving-array synthetic aperture sonar echo simulation method - Google Patents

Multi-receiving-array synthetic aperture sonar echo simulation method Download PDF

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CN116990791B
CN116990791B CN202311236984.9A CN202311236984A CN116990791B CN 116990791 B CN116990791 B CN 116990791B CN 202311236984 A CN202311236984 A CN 202311236984A CN 116990791 B CN116990791 B CN 116990791B
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distance
synthetic aperture
representing
echo
calculating
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CN116990791A (en
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张学波
范勇刚
王砚梅
吴伟靖
沈文彦
孙锋
金丽玲
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Haiying Deep Sea Technology Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/52004Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/89Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S15/8902Side-looking sonar
    • G01S15/8904Side-looking sonar using synthetic aperture techniques
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/14Fourier, Walsh or analogous domain transformations, e.g. Laplace, Hilbert, Karhunen-Loeve, transforms

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-receiving array synthetic aperture sonar echo simulation method, and relates to the technical field of image processing. The method comprises the following steps: s1, calculating a phase shift function corresponding to a double-pass pitch course in the length of a synthetic aperture; s2, calculating Doppler phase functions corresponding to the double-pass slope distance process in the synthetic aperture length; s3, calculating echo signals of single point targets in a distance-to-frequency domain; s4, calculating echo signals of all targets in the imaging scene to obtain final simulation echo signals. The time delay processing in the time domain is replaced by the phase multiplication in the distance-to-frequency domain, so that the calculation complexity can be greatly reduced, and the echo simulation efficiency of the multi-receiving array element synthetic aperture sonar is improved.

Description

Multi-receiving-array synthetic aperture sonar echo simulation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to a multi-receiving array synthetic aperture sonar echo simulation method.
Background
At present, the synthetic aperture technology is an effective technology for improving the azimuth resolution of the conventional side-scan sonar by one order of magnitude. The principle is that a large aperture matrix is virtually synthesized in azimuth by utilizing uniform linear motion of a small aperture matrix, and because the virtual aperture is positively related to mapping distance, the azimuth resolution has the characteristic of independence of the acting distance and the working frequency. Before the synthetic aperture sonar engineering prototype system is not finished, the simulated synthetic aperture sonar echo data is the only input of the synthetic aperture sonar imaging system, and can be used for designing parameters of the synthetic aperture sonar imaging system, checking an imaging algorithm, checking algorithms such as various image equalization and target classification recognition, testing a post-interference synthetic aperture sonar signal processing method and the like. In the prior art, a time domain method is adopted to simulate an echo signal, the basic idea is that the echo signal is the time delay of a transmitting signal, and because the original data is generated point by point in the time domain, the simulation signal is accurate, but the calculation complexity is high, and along with the continuous increase of the number of targets, the simulation time is increased, so that the calculation efficiency is greatly reduced. The parallel optimization method based on the graphic processor and the like can improve the simulation efficiency to a certain extent, and then the cost of hardware is increased, so that the cost performance is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-receiving array synthetic aperture sonar echo simulation method, which aims to solve the problem that the simulation efficiency is obviously reduced along with the increase of the number of targets due to complex calculation of the traditional simulation method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a multi-receiving array synthetic aperture sonar echo simulation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating a phase shift function corresponding to a double-pass pitch course in the length of a synthetic aperture;
s2, calculating Doppler phase functions corresponding to the double-pass slope distance process in the synthetic aperture length;
s3, calculating echo signals of single point targets in a distance-to-frequency domain;
s4, calculating echo signals of all targets in the imaging scene to obtain final simulation echo signals.
As a further improvement of the present solution, in S1, a phase shift function corresponding to a double-pass pitch history is calculated in the synthetic aperture length, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresents the speed of sound under water;the instantaneous frequency of the distance direction is indicated,representing imaginary units;representation for the first in an imaging sceneThe phase shift function of the individual targets,is the distance coordinateThe azimuth coordinate isPoint target and the firstThe two-way pitch history of each receiving array element is recorded as the two-dimensional coordinates of the target for convenience of descriptionWhen sonar is atPosition of time of dayWith the target positionIn azimuth satisfyIn the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,for synthetic aperture length, two-way pitch historyThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the subscriptIndicating the index of the receiving array element,representing an index of objects in the imaging region.Representing the distance between the transmitting array element and the targetIs the firstTarget and the firstThe distance between the individual receiving array elements,is shown inTime-of-day transmitting array element position, variableIs the sonar speed at which the velocity of the sonar,representing the distance the receiving element moves in azimuth from transmitting to being received,is when the firstAccurate time delay when the signal is received by the receiving array elements;representing the transmitting array element and the firstThe distance between the individual receiving array elements,representing the coordinates of the point target in the distance direction,representing the coordinates of the point object in the azimuth direction.
As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S2, a doppler phase function corresponding to a two-way range history is calculated in the synthetic aperture length, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresenting the center frequency of the system,representing imaginary units;representation for the first in an imaging sceneDoppler phase function of individual targets.
As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S3, the echo signal of the single point target is calculated from the distance to the frequency domain, where the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresent the firstThe first receiving array element is aimed at in the imaging sceneThe echo signals received by the individual targets are,indicating azimuth slow time;representing the result of fourier transforming the transmitted signal.
As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S4, echo signals of all targets in the imaging scene are calculated to obtain a final simulated echo signal, where a calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresenting the result of fourier transforming the transmitted signal;an index representing objects in the imaging region;representing the total number of targets in the imaging region;representing the summation;representing the fourier transform.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the efficient multi-receiving array synthetic aperture sonar echo simulation method, the time delay processing in the time domain is replaced by the phase multiplication in the distance-to-frequency domain, so that the calculation complexity can be greatly reduced, and the echo simulation efficiency of the multi-receiving array element synthetic aperture sonar is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of simulated efficiency versus efficiency in an example.
FIG. 3 is a simulated echo plot in an embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a graph of imaging results of simulated echo in an embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the imaging result of the simulation echo of the conventional time domain method.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the simulation echo imaging result in the azimuth direction in the embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the simulated echo imaging result in the distance up direction in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a multi-receiving array synthetic aperture sonar echo simulation method, which specifically includes the following steps:
s1, calculating a phase shift function corresponding to a double-pass pitch history in the synthetic aperture length, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresents the speed of sound under water;the instantaneous frequency of the distance direction is indicated,representing imaginary units;representation for the first in an imaging sceneThe phase shift function of the individual targets,is the distance coordinateThe azimuth coordinate isPoint target and the firstThe two-way pitch history of each receiving array element is recorded as the two-dimensional coordinates of the target for convenience of descriptionWhen sonar is atPosition of time of dayWith the target positionIn azimuth satisfyIn the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,for synthetic aperture length, two-way pitch historyThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the subscriptIndicating the index of the receiving array element,representing an index of objects in the imaging region.Representing the distance between the transmitting array element and the targetIs the firstTarget and the firstThe distance between the individual receiving array elements,is shown inTime-of-day transmitting array element position, variableIs the sonar speed at which the velocity of the sonar,representing the distance the receiving element moves in azimuth from transmitting to being received,is when the firstAccurate time delay when the signal is received by the receiving array elements;representing the transmitting array element and the firstThe distance between the individual receiving array elements,representing the coordinates of the point target in the distance direction,representing the coordinates of the point object in the azimuth direction.
S2, calculating Doppler phase functions corresponding to the double-pass slope distance process in the synthetic aperture length, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresenting the center frequency of the system,representing imaginary units;representation for the first in an imaging sceneDoppler phase function of individual targets.
S3, calculating echo signals of single point targets in a distance-to-frequency domain, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresent the firstThe first receiving array element is aimed at in the imaging sceneThe echo signals received by the individual targets are,indicating azimuth slow time;representing the result of fourier transforming the transmitted signal.
S4, calculating echo signals of all targets in the imaging scene to obtain final simulation echo signals, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresenting the result of fourier transforming the transmitted signal;an index representing objects in the imaging region;representing the total number of targets in the imaging region;representing the summation;representing the fourier transform.
For simulation of single point target echo signals, the computational complexity of the conventional time domain method and the method in the invention is as follows in table 1:
TABLE 1
Representing the number of samples in the distance up direction,the method has lower calculation complexity as shown by the table, and for a multi-receiving array synthetic aperture sonar system, an imaging area is composed of a plurality of ideal point targets, so that the method can obviously improve the echo simulation efficiency.
Consider 7 cases where there are 1, 4, 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 ideal point targets in space, respectively, with a synthetic aperture sonar center frequency of 150 kHz and a bandwidth of 40 kHz. After the echo signals are simulated by the method and the traditional method, the simulation time is shown in figure 2. As is clear from fig. 2, the simulation time of the conventional method increases as the number of targets increases. With the method of the invention, the simulation time slightly increases with the increase of the target quantity. This shows that the proposed method is more efficient than the conventional method.
To verify that the simulated echo obtained by the method has the same accuracy as that of the traditional time domain method, an ideal point target with a distance coordinate of 157m and an azimuth coordinate of 22m is considered, and a simulated echo signal is shown in fig. 3. The wave number domain imaging algorithm is adopted to carry out imaging processing on the echo signals simulated by the method and the echo simulated by the traditional time domain method, the results are respectively shown in fig. 4 and 5, and the proposed method is verified to be capable of well obtaining the simulated echo. In order to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the proposed method of the present invention, fig. 6 and 7 show cross-sectional views of the two methods in azimuth and distance directions, respectively, and it is found that the two methods can obtain almost the same imaging performance after the formation of the composite image, which indicates that the proposed method of the present invention can accurately simulate echo signals of a multiple-receiving array synthetic aperture sonar system without losing performance.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and that the above-described embodiments and descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (2)

1. A multi-receiving array synthetic aperture sonar echo simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating a phase shift function corresponding to a double-pass pitch course in the length of a synthetic aperture;
s2, calculating Doppler phase functions corresponding to the double-pass slope distance process in the synthetic aperture length;
s3, calculating echo signals of single point targets in a distance-to-frequency domain;
s4, calculating echo signals of all targets in the imaging scene to obtain final simulation echo signals;
in the step S1, a phase shift function corresponding to the double-pass pitch history is calculated in the synthetic aperture length, and the calculation formula is as follows:
where c represents the speed of sound under water; f (f) τ Represent the instantaneous frequency of the distance direction, j 2 -1 represents an imaginary unit; h i (f τ ) Representing a phase shift function for an ith object in an imaged scene, R m_i (t; r) is the distance coordinate r and the azimuth coordinate x i The two-way skew of the point target and the mth receiving array element is recorded as (r, x) for convenience of description i ) When the sonar is at the position v.t at the time t and the target position x i Satisfying |v.t-x in azimuth i |≤0.5L s When L s For the synthetic aperture length, the double-pass pitch history R m_i The calculation formula of (t; r) is as follows:
wherein,representing the distance between the transmitting array element and the target, < >>Is the distance between the ith target and the mth receiving array element, v.t represents the position of the transmitting array element at the time t, and the variable v is the sonar speed, v.tau m Representing the distance τ of the signal from the transmission to the movement of the receiving element in the azimuth direction during the reception of the receiving element m Is received when the mth receiving array elementAccurate time delay to signal, d m Representing the distance between the transmitting array element and the mth receiving array element;
in the step S2, a Doppler phase function corresponding to a double-pass slope distance process is calculated in the synthetic aperture length, and a calculation formula is as follows:
wherein f c Represents the center frequency of the system, j 2 = -1 represents imaginary unit, c represents sound velocity under water, D i (f τ ) Representing a doppler phase function for an ith target in the imaged scene;
in the step S3, the echo signals of the single point targets are calculated in the distance-to-frequency domain, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Ss m_i (f τ ,t;r)=P(f τ )·H i (f τ )·D i (f τ )
wherein Ss is m_i (f τ T; r) represents an echo signal received by an mth receiving array element aiming at an ith target in an imaging scene, and t represents azimuth slow time; p (f) τ ) Representing the result of fourier transforming the transmitted signal.
2. The multi-receiving array synthetic aperture sonar echo simulation method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and S4, calculating echo signals of all targets in the imaging scene to obtain final simulation echo signals, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
wherein P (f) τ ) Representing the result of fourier transforming the transmitted signal; i represents an index of an object in the imaging region; i represents the total number of targets in the imaging region; FT represents fourier transform.
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