CN116990506A - Acute viral infection biomarker, detection system and kit thereof - Google Patents

Acute viral infection biomarker, detection system and kit thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116990506A
CN116990506A CN202310502916.6A CN202310502916A CN116990506A CN 116990506 A CN116990506 A CN 116990506A CN 202310502916 A CN202310502916 A CN 202310502916A CN 116990506 A CN116990506 A CN 116990506A
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viral infection
acute viral
biomarker
detection
cell expressing
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李太生
段信民
秦岭
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Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
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Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
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Abstract

The application discloses an acute viral infection biomarker, a detection system and a kit thereof. The biomarker is any one or more of a cell expressing CD4+CD38+/CD4+ T, a cell expressing CD4+HLA-DR+/CD4+ T, a cell expressing CD4+PD-1+/CD4+ T, a cell expressing CD4+KI-67/CD4+ T, a cell expressing CD8+CD38+/CD8+ T, a cell expressing CD8+HLA-DR+/CD8+ T, a cell expressing CD8+PD-1+/CD4+ T, and a cell expressing CD8+KI-67/CD8+ T. The application also discloses a detection system for detecting the biomarker, which comprises a detection module and an analysis module; the detection module is used for detecting the content of each biomarker in the sample; the analysis module is used for receiving and analyzing the data obtained by the detection module; methods for detecting a sample by the detection module include flow cytometry. The application also discloses a kit for detecting acute viral infection, which comprises detection reagents, wherein the detection reagents comprise reagents for detecting one or more of the biomarkers. The biomarker and the detection system or the detection kit can detect acute viral infection.

Description

Acute viral infection biomarker, detection system and kit thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of biotechnology, in particular to an acute viral infection biomarker, a detection system and a kit thereof.
Background
The immune system is an important component of the human body defense system and plays a key role in eliminating external pathogens, purifying aging cells and monitoring autoimmune. Numerical detection of relative percentages and absolute counts of lymphocyte subpopulations is abnormal when immune function is impaired. Therefore, measurement and evaluation of the immune status of the human body by some markers has an important role in delaying aging, preventing diseases or treating diseases.
Although the pathogenesis of most immune diseases is unknown, in recent years, immune-related problems have emerged in the study of various diseases. The immune system is a defense system for an organism to execute immune response and immune function, and consists of three parts of immune organs, immune cells and immune molecules, and can recognize abnormal cells, clear non-abnormal cells and maintain stable internal environment of the organism. However, immune homeostasis is often disrupted by foreign pathogens, internal cancer cells, autoantibodies, etc., which may lead to reduced immune function in the body, and thus immune disorders are susceptible to infection and tumor development.
Mechanistically, immune disorders involve multiple cell, multiple molecule, multiple channel functional changes. The most obvious manifestation of immune disorders is a change in immune cell number and function, an increase or decrease in T cell number with the disappearance of TCR diversity, memory B cell increase, NK cell number but decreased killing ability in the face of the occurrence of different diseases. A large amount of soluble factors are secreted, the formation of inflammatory microenvironment is promoted, and inflammatory factor storm is generated when the inflammatory microenvironment is excessively activated.
Currently available methods for determining immune disorders are not few, but most of the detection methods either choose a single measurement index or focus more on the determination of cytokines, while less attention is paid to the change of cell surface molecules, giving results that are mostly lacking in generalizability and simplicity and operability.
Among them, acute viral infections are characterized by rapid onset of disease, relatively short symptomatic period, and improvement typically within days. Acute viral infection is typically accompanied by early production of infectious virions and elimination of the infection by the host immune system. Pathogens such as influenza and rhinoviruses are commonly observed for acute viral infections.
Acute viral infections include herpesviruses, hepatitis viruses, respiratory viruses, and the like, begin with a latent period during which the viral genome replicates and the host's innate response initiates. Cytokines produced early in infection lead to typical symptoms of acute infection: pain, distress, fever and nausea. Some latencies are as short as 1 day (influenza, rhinovirus), suggesting that symptoms result from local viral replication near the entry site. An example of a typical acute infection is uncomplicated influenza (uncomplication influenza). Viral particles are inhaled in the microparticles created by sneezing or coughing and begin to replicate in ciliated columnar epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. As new infectious virions are produced, they spread to neighboring cells. Within 1 to 7 days after infection, the virus may be isolated from throat swabs or nasal secretions. Symptoms appeared within 48 hours after infection, which lasted about 3 days and then resolved. Infection is usually cleared by innate and acquired responses within about 7 days. However, patients often feel poorly within weeks due to damage to respiratory epithelium by cytokines produced during infection.
Acute viral infections (e.g., influenza and measles) cause disease epidemics that affect millions of people each year. Acute infections are difficult to control when vaccines are not available. This makes it extremely difficult to control acute infections in large populations and crowded areas. Antiviral therapy cannot be used because it must be administered early in the infection to be effective. The hope of treating most acute viral infections with antiviral drugs is therefore small unless a rapid diagnostic test is available. There is therefore a need for acute viral infection biomarkers with clinical accessibility to aid in the diagnosis of early stage acute viral infection.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings in the prior art, the application provides a biomarker for acute viral infection (including but not limited to herpes virus, hepatitis virus and respiratory virus), and a detection system and a kit thereof. Human immune homeostasis is assessed from the perspective of immune cell subpopulations, allowing for more comprehensive and careful monitoring of acute viral infections.
For the purpose of the application, immune markers related to acute viral infection were screened by measuring immune cell subsets of 101 healthy people.
The present application provides an acute viral infection biomarker which is any one or more of a cell expressing CD4+CD38+/CD4+ T, a cell expressing CD4+HLA-DR+/CD4+ T, a cell expressing CD4+PD-1+/CD4+ T, a cell expressing CD4+KI-67/CD4+ T, a cell expressing CD8+CD38+/CD8+ T, a cell expressing CD8+HLA-DR+/CD8+ T, a cell expressing CD8+PD-1+/CD4+ T, and a cell expressing CD8+KI-67/CD8+ T.
Further, the biomarkers are useful in the detection of acute viral infections.
Further, the number of one or more of the biomarkers is reduced in an acutely virally infected individual.
Further, the acute viruses in the acute viral infection comprise herpesviruses, hepatitis viruses and respiratory viruses.
The application also provides a detection system of the acute viral infection biomarker, which comprises a detection module and an analysis module; the detection module is used for detecting the content of each biomarker in a sample; the analysis module is used for receiving and analyzing the data obtained by the detection module. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Setting a disease group and a healthy control group, and obtaining samples of the immune related disease group and the healthy control group; (2) Detecting immune subgroup cell markers of the two groups of samples by adopting a detection module to obtain immune cell marker detection data; (3) Inputting the detection data obtained in the step (2) into an analysis module for analysis; the analysis comprises comparing and analyzing the detection data of the markers of the same kind in the related disease group and the healthy control group, and performing correlation analysis on the detection data of the markers of different kinds in the immune related disease group.
Further, the detection module uses a flow cytometer.
Further, the sample includes, but is not limited to, blood.
Further, the analysis module is used for analyzing the content change of each biomarker.
The application also provides a detection kit for the acute viral infection biomarkers, wherein the kit comprises detection reagents, and the detection reagents comprise reagents for detecting the biomarkers.
The application also provides the use of said biomarker or said detection system or said kit in any of the following:
(1) Preparing a product for acute viral infection detection;
(2) Study of acute viral infection mechanism.
In conclusion, compared with the prior art, the application achieves the following technical effects:
(1) The application provides a kit for evaluating acute viral infection, which comprehensively and integrally reflects the change of immune states through the change of surface markers of a plurality of immune cells. In addition, the whole process is simple and efficient, low in cost and convenient to popularize.
(2) The kit provided by the application is used for detecting the relative proportion of KI-67+, PD-1+, CD38+ and HLA-DR+ expressed on the surfaces of CD8 and CD4 cells in a sample to be detected so as to comprehensively characterize the immune level of a patient, thereby assisting in judging whether a subject has acute viral infection at present, helping a clinician to identify the immune state under the disease state and establishing an individualized treatment strategy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an exemplary multi-parameter flow cytometer for evaluating immune cell subsets in an immune status according to an embodiment of the present application; (a) lymphocytes; (B) cd3+ T cells; (C) cd4+ T cells; (D) cd8+ T cells; (E) B cells (CD 3-cd19+); (F) NK cells (CD 3-cd56+); (G) cd4+cd38+ T cells (cd3+cd4+cd38+); (H) cd4+hla-dr+ T cells (cd3+cd4+hla-dr+); (I) cd4+pd-1+t cells (cd3+cd4+pd-1+); (J) cd4+ki-67+ t cells (cd3+cd4+ki-67+); (K) cd8+cd38+ T cells (cd3+cd8+cd38+); (L) cd8+ HLA-dr+ T cells (cd3+cd8+ HLA-dr+); (M) cd8+pd-1+t cells (cd3+cd8+pd-1+); (N) CD8+KI-67+ T cells (CD3+CD8+KI-67+).
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the trend and correlation analysis of each cell subset with age, wherein FIG. 2A shows that CD4+CD38+% is positively correlated with age, FIG. 2B shows that CD4+HLA-DR% is negatively correlated with age, FIG. 2E shows that CD8+HLA-DR% is positively correlated with age, and FIG. 2C shows that CD4+PD-1% is positively correlated with age.
FIG. 3 is an example of a flow chart of results for an acute viral infection numbered 2 (including but not limited to herpes virus, hepatitis virus, respiratory virus).
Fig. 4 is an example of a flow chart of results for healthy controls numbered 8.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the proportion of CD4+CD38+/CD4+ T cells, CD4+HLA-DR+/CD4+ T cells, CD4+PD-1+/CD4+ T cells, CD4+KI-67/CD4+ T cells, CD8+CD38+/CD8+ T cells, CD8+HLA-DR+/CD8+ T cells, CD8+PD-1+/CD4+ T cells, CD8+KI-67/CD8+ T cells in a group of patients with fever with established acute viral infections (mainly herpesviruses, HIV virus infected patients) compared to a healthy group control.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present application, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the application.
Example 1
1. Study population
This example groups 51 healthy men and 50 healthy women (subjects) into three groups according to age: 18-35 years old, 36-59 years old, >60 years old. Subjects with severe disease, tumor, acute infection, autoimmune disease, genetic disease, congenital disease, radiation therapy or biological agent treatment are excluded. Table 1 counts the main characteristics of the study population, including the proportion of individuals at each age, the average age, and the white blood cell and lymphocyte counts of the subjects.
TABLE 1 clinical data
2. Research method
(1) Research reagent
The application provides a flow cytometer detection kit for evaluating acute viral infection of a human body, which comprises a reagent A: reagent A includes fluorescent microsphere labeled CD85 monoclonal antibody, CD3 monoclonal antibody, CD8 monoclonal antibody, CD16 monoclonal antibody, CD56 monoclonal antibody, CD19 monoclonal antibody, PD-1 monoclonal antibody, CD38 monoclonal antibody, HLA-DR monoclonal antibody, ki-67 monoclonal antibody, which are stained with different color dyes. The concentration ratio of each antibody was 1:1:1:1:1, which are 0.05-0.1mg/mL. The detection kit also comprises a reagent B, wherein the reagent B is erythrocyte lysate.
The collocation of each antibody model sequence and the flow cytometer dye detection signal can be as follows: CD45 antibody (2D 1/IgG1, V500-C channel), CD3 antibody (UCHT 1/IgG1, PE-Cy7 channel), CD8 antibody (SK 3/IgG1, AF700 channel), CD8 antibody (53-6.7/IgG 2a, APC-Cy7 channel), CD38 antibody (UCHT 1/IgG1, PE-Cy7 channel), HLA-DR antibody (L243/IgG 2a, percp-Cy5.5 channel), PD-1 antibody (J43/IgG 2, BV605 channel), ki-67 antibody (35/IgG 1, FITC channel).
(2) 2ml of whole blood was used as an examination initiator, comprising the steps of:
step one: respectively sucking EDTA-K2 anticoagulated whole blood to the bottom of the flow tube by using a reverse pipetting technology, so as to prevent the blood from touching the upper part of the tube wall;
step two: adding a reagent A into the tube, wherein the volume ratio of the reagent A to the whole blood is 1:10, and uniformly mixing by a vortex instrument; incubating at room temperature in a dark place; adding a split red liquid into the tube, wherein the volume ratio of the reagent B to the whole blood is 20:1; mixing evenly by a vortex instrument; light-shielding reaction;
step three: centrifuging at 20deg.C, removing supernatant, adding 2ml PBS solution, centrifuging at 20deg.C, removing supernatant, adding 350 μl PBS solution again to form cell suspension, and detecting by upflow cytometry;
step four: multi-parameter flow cytometry was performed using BD LSRFortessa X-20, and the results were analyzed using FlowJo V10 software (Tree Star) software. Each subpopulation analyzed included: screening cells positive for CD85 antibody and having SSC value in the range of 0-50K, and determining the cells as lymphocytes; the following cell subsets were isolated from lymphocyte subsets:
(A) A lymphocyte; (B) cd3+ T cells; (C) cd4+ T cells; (D) cd8+ T cells; (E) B cells (CD 3-cd19+); (F) NK cells (cd3-cd16+cd56+); (G) cd8+cd38+ T cells (cd3+cd8+cd38+); (H) cd8+ HLA-dr+ T cells (cd3+ cd8+ HLA-dr+); (I) cd8+pd-1+t cells (cd3+cd8+pd-1+); (J) CD8+KI-67+ T cells (CD3+CD8+KI-67+).
3. Statistical analysis
(1) Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software version 22.0 and GraphPadPrism version 8.0. All data were tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test to evaluate the normality of the distribution. Quantitative data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and classification values are expressed as numbers (n) and percent (%). For data of the skewed distribution, the data are expressed as median and extremum (minimum and maximum). The comparison of the classified variables adopts chi-square test, the continuous variables conforming to normal distribution evaluate the difference between two or more groups by t test or ANOVA, and the continuous variables not conforming to normal distribution evaluate the difference between two or more groups by rank sum test.
(2) In the present application, the "reference value range" is a reference value range with respect to the "median", for example, after all the observed values are sorted from small to large, the 5 th percentile and the 95 th percentile are calculated, respectively, where the 5 th percentile is the lower limit of the reference value range and the 95 th percentile is the upper limit of the reference value range. Correspondingly, the median is the 50% percentile. The pearson correlation coefficient is used to evaluate the relationship between age and subpopulations that do not fit a normal distribution, and the spearman correlation coefficient is used to evaluate the relationship between age and subpopulations that do not fit a normal distribution.
4. Results
TABLE 2 differential distribution of cell subsets over age
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the trend of each cell subset of significance over age and a correlation analysis provided by examples of the present application.
Table 3 establishes the normal reference ranges for each cell subpopulation in healthy humans
Example 2
The application also provides a flow cytometer detection kit of the immune status phenotype, which comprises a reagent C: reagent C includes fluorescent microsphere-labeled CD45 monoclonal antibody, CD3 monoclonal antibody, CD8 monoclonal antibody, CD19 monoclonal antibody, CD56CD16 monoclonal antibody, CD38 monoclonal antibody, HLA-DR monoclonal antibody, KI-67 monoclonal antibody, and PD-1 monoclonal antibody stained with different color dyes.
A total of 6 patients with fever with unknown causes and acute viral infection were selected, and 10 healthy persons were selected as control groups.
TABLE 4 clinical trial cases
Numbering device The number of people Average age of Classification of clinical diseases
1-6 6 29.5±4.85 Fever with unknown cause and definite diagnosis of acute viral infection
7-16 10 43.5±14.1 Healthy controls
Fig. 3 is an example of a flow chart of results for an acute viral infection numbered 2.
Fig. 4 is an example of a flow chart of results for healthy controls numbered 8.
FIG. 5 shows that the expression of CD4+CD38+/CD4+ T cell ratio, CD4+HLA-DR+/CD4+ T cell ratio, CD4+PD-1+/CD4+ T cell ratio, CD4+KI-67/CD4+ T cell ratio, CD8+CD38+/CD8+ T cell ratio, CD8+HLA-DR+/CD8+ T cell ratio, CD8+PD-1+/CD4+ T cell ratio, CD8+KI-67/CD8+ T cell ratio was significantly increased in the group of patients with acute viral infection compared to the healthy group, as a result, the expression level was significantly different from that in the group of patients with acute viral infection (p <0.05 was significantly different, p <0.05, p <0.01, p <0.001, p < 0.0001). The statistical method comprises the following steps: the comparison was performed using a separate sample t-test.
Under different types of diseases and human immune disorder states, the surface expression of CD38+, HLA-DR, PD-1 and KI-67 on CD4 and CD8 can be increased or decreased to different degrees, and the surface expression is obviously different from that of a healthy control group. In conclusion, the immune homeostasis assessment kit can be used for assessing healthy people and comprehensively assessing acute viral infection by combining a flow cytometer, and is convenient to use, safe to human bodies and easy to operate.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to limit the application to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the application are intended to be included within the scope of the application.

Claims (10)

1. An acute viral infection biomarker, wherein the biomarker is any one or more of a cell expressing cd4+cd38+/cd4+ T, a cell expressing cd4+hla-dr+/cd4+ T, a cell expressing cd4+pd-1+/cd4T, a cell expressing cd4+ki-67/cd4+ T, a cell expressing cd8+cd38+/cd8+ T, a cell expressing cd8+hla-dr+/cd8+ T, a cell expressing cd8+pd-1+/cd4+ T, a cell expressing cd8+ki-67/cd8+ T.
2. The acute viral infection biomarker according to claim 1, wherein the biomarker is used for the detection of acute viral infection.
3. The acute viral infection biomarker according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of one or more of the biomarkers is reduced in an acute viral infected individual.
4. The acute viral infection biomarker according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the acute viruses in the acute viral infection comprise herpesviruses, hepatitis viruses, respiratory viruses.
5. A detection system for an acute viral infection biomarker, which is characterized by comprising a detection module and an analysis module; the detection module is used for detecting the content of each biomarker in a sample; the analysis module is used for receiving and analyzing the data obtained by the detection module.
6. The detection system of claim 5, wherein the detection module uses a flow cytometer.
7. The detection system of claim 5, wherein the sample includes, but is not limited to, blood.
8. The detection system of claim 5, wherein the analysis module is configured to analyze the change in the content of each biomarker.
9. A kit for detecting biomarkers of acute viral infection, comprising a detection reagent comprising reagents for detecting each biomarker of claim 1.
10. Use of a biomarker according to any of claims 1 to 4 or a detection system according to any of claims 5 to 8 or a kit according to claim 9 in any of the following:
(1) Preparing a product for acute viral infection detection;
(2) Study of acute viral infection mechanism.
CN202310502916.6A 2023-05-06 2023-05-06 Acute viral infection biomarker, detection system and kit thereof Pending CN116990506A (en)

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