CN116990038B - Automobile collision trolley with front and rear loading and experimental method - Google Patents
Automobile collision trolley with front and rear loading and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及汽车碰撞技术领域，具体涉及一种前后双向加载的汽车碰撞台车及实验方法，包括依次设置的牵引机构、固定壁障、样品台车和追尾台车；固定壁障的后端上设置有用于吸取样品台车碰撞固定壁障所对应的能量的前碰撞吸能装置，追尾台车的前端上设置有用于吸取追尾台车碰撞样品台车所对应能量的追尾碰撞吸能装置；牵引机构用于通过牵引钢索分别与样品台车、追尾台车连接，为样品台车和追尾台车提供初始动能。本发明能够解决现有技术中在对台车碰撞测试时仅限单一方向上的加载碰撞，缺失前后双向碰撞的问题，极大提高台车碰撞场景的多样化，能够更好的适应当前的测试需求。
The present invention relates to the field of automobile collision technology, and specifically to a front and rear bidirectionally loaded automobile collision trolley and an experimental method, comprising a traction mechanism, a fixed barrier, a sample trolley and a rear-end collision trolley arranged in sequence; a front collision energy absorbing device for absorbing the energy corresponding to the collision of the sample trolley with the fixed barrier is arranged on the rear end of the fixed barrier, and a rear-end collision energy absorbing device for absorbing the energy corresponding to the collision of the rear-end collision trolley with the sample trolley is arranged on the front end of the rear-end collision trolley; the traction mechanism is used to connect with the sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley respectively through a traction steel cable to provide initial kinetic energy for the sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley. The present invention can solve the problem in the prior art that the collision test of the trolley is limited to a single direction of loading collision and lacks front and rear bidirectional collision, greatly improves the diversification of the trolley collision scene, and can better adapt to the current testing needs.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及汽车碰撞技术领域，具体涉及一种前后双向加载的汽车碰撞台车及实验方法。The invention relates to the technical field of automobile collision, and in particular to a front and rear bidirectionally loaded automobile collision trolley and an experimental method.
背景技术Background technique
汽车碰撞测试是车辆安全研究的重要手段。然而，使用完整车辆进行实车碰撞试验成本过高，在实际测试过程中企业往往通过滑台试验模拟车辆运动过程，实现低成本的碰撞测试仿真。Automobile collision test is an important means of vehicle safety research. However, the cost of using a complete vehicle for real vehicle collision test is too high. In the actual test process, companies often simulate the vehicle movement process through sliding table test to achieve low-cost collision test simulation.
通过台车碰撞试验，将车辆前端结构与车内约束系统进行解耦，便于汽车企业进行针对性的碰撞安全考核和设计。正面碰撞台车及相应的实验方法在汽车碰撞安全领域得到广泛的使用。Through the trolley collision test, the front-end structure of the vehicle is decoupled from the in-vehicle restraint system, which makes it easier for automobile companies to conduct targeted collision safety assessment and design. Frontal collision trolleys and corresponding experimental methods are widely used in the field of automobile collision safety.
随着道路交通安全要求的提高，对应的汽车碰撞测试种类也随之增多，现有的正面碰撞实验方法已经无法满足现有的碰撞测试的要求，例如现有的台车碰撞只能一方向上进行碰撞模拟，无法实现现在比较常见的先碰撞后被追尾以及紧急制动后被追尾的碰撞场景，即现有的碰撞实验方法存在适用性低的问题，无法适应当前的测试需求。With the improvement of road traffic safety requirements, the corresponding types of automobile collision tests have also increased. The existing frontal collision test method can no longer meet the requirements of existing collision tests. For example, the existing sled collision can only simulate collision in one direction, and cannot achieve the more common collision scenarios of first collision and then rear-end collision, and rear-end collision after emergency braking. That is, the existing collision test method has the problem of low applicability and cannot adapt to current testing needs.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种前后双向加载的汽车碰撞台车及实验方法，能够解决了现有技术中在对台车碰撞测试时仅限单一方向上的加载碰撞，缺失前后双向碰撞的问题，极大提高了台车碰撞场景的多样化，能够更好的适应当前的测试需求。One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a car collision trolley and experimental method with front and rear bidirectional loading, which can solve the problem in the prior art that the trolley collision test is limited to loading collision in a single direction and lacks front and rear bidirectional collision, greatly improves the diversity of the trolley collision scenes, and can better adapt to current testing needs.
为了达到上述目的，提供了一种前后双向加载的汽车碰撞台车，包括依次设置的牵引机构、固定壁障、样品台车和追尾台车；所述样品台车上安装有待测车辆的乘员约束系统或乘员舱内饰，以及测试假人；In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a front and rear bidirectionally loaded automobile collision trolley is provided, comprising a traction mechanism, a fixed barrier, a sample trolley and a rear-end collision trolley arranged in sequence; the sample trolley is installed with the occupant restraint system or the passenger compartment interior of the vehicle to be tested, and a test dummy;
所述样品台车的前端和后端均设置有抗冲击平面；The front and rear ends of the sample trolley are both provided with impact-resistant planes;
所述固定壁障的后端面上设置有用于吸取样品台车碰撞固定壁障所对应的能量的前碰撞吸能装置，所述追尾台车的前端面上设置有用于吸取追尾台车碰撞样品台车所对应能量的追尾碰撞吸能装置；所述牵引机构用于通过牵引钢索分别与样品台车、追尾台车连接，为样品台车和追尾台车提供初始动能。A front collision energy absorbing device is arranged on the rear end face of the fixed barrier for absorbing the energy corresponding to the collision of the sample trolley with the fixed barrier, and a rear collision energy absorbing device is arranged on the front end face of the rear-end collision trolley for absorbing the energy corresponding to the collision of the rear-end collision trolley with the sample trolley; the traction mechanism is used to be connected to the sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley respectively through traction steel cables to provide initial kinetic energy for the sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley.
本方案的原理及效果是：在本方案中，首先牵引机构通过牵引钢索分别对样品台车和追尾台车进行初始动能的提供，使得样品台车和追尾台车能够获得一定的速度，通过牵引机构的牵引，样品台车和追尾台车会向固定壁障所在的方向上移动，使得样品台车的前端的抗冲击平面与前碰撞吸能装置发生接触，以及追尾台车前端的追尾碰撞吸能装置与样品台车的后端的抗冲击平面发生接触，从而对应的多车碰撞的试验场景，解决了现有技术中在对台车碰撞测试时仅限单一方向上的加载碰撞，缺失前后双向碰撞的问题，极大提高了台车碰撞场景的多样化，能够更好的适应当前的测试需求。The principle and effect of this scheme are: in this scheme, first, the traction mechanism provides initial kinetic energy to the sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley respectively through the traction steel cable, so that the sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley can obtain a certain speed. Through the traction of the traction mechanism, the sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley will move in the direction of the fixed barrier, so that the impact-resistant plane at the front end of the sample trolley contacts the front collision energy absorption device, and the rear-end collision energy absorption device at the front end of the rear-end collision trolley contacts the impact-resistant plane at the rear end of the sample trolley, thereby corresponding to the test scenario of multiple vehicle collisions, which solves the problem of limited loading collision in a single direction and lack of front and rear two-way collisions in the prior art during trolley collision testing, greatly improves the diversity of trolley collision scenarios, and can better adapt to current testing needs.
现有的碰撞测试大多是从欧美国家那边引用过来的，所以在进行碰撞测试本土化时大多测试人员都是按照其所对应的测试方法下进行本土化改进，但不会就测试方法本身进行改进，而本申请人打破这种传统上的约束。Most of the existing collision tests are quoted from European and American countries, so when localizing collision tests, most testers make localized improvements according to the corresponding test methods, but do not improve the test methods themselves. The applicant breaks this traditional constraint.
进一步，所述追尾台车的设置数量至少为1个。Furthermore, the number of the rear-end collision trolley is at least one.
有益效果：追尾台车的数量设置至少一个，这样就能实现多种追尾场景的设置，既可以追尾一辆车同时也可以多次追尾，覆盖面广，适用性高。Beneficial effect: The number of rear-end collision trolleys is set to at least one, so that a variety of rear-end collision scenarios can be set. It can not only rear-end one car but also rear-end multiple times, with wide coverage and high applicability.
进一步，所述前碰撞吸能装置和追尾碰撞吸能装置均包括蜂窝铝、铝管、可变形钢板、实车前纵梁中的一种。Furthermore, the front collision energy absorbing device and the rear-end collision energy absorbing device both include one of honeycomb aluminum, aluminum tube, deformable steel plate, and a solid vehicle front longitudinal beam.
有益效果：多样化的选择极大提升了测试的多样化，能够根据不同的要求进行不同类型的选择，Beneficial effects: The diverse selection greatly improves the diversity of the test, and different types of selections can be made according to different requirements.
进一步，所述样品台车上设置有刹车装置。Furthermore, the sample trolley is provided with a braking device.
有益效果：在本方案中，通过在样品台车上设置刹车装置可以更好的对样品台车的状态进行控制，实现样品台车的状态多样化，能够模拟更多样化的场景，适用度高。Beneficial effect: In this solution, by setting a braking device on the sample trolley, the state of the sample trolley can be better controlled, the state of the sample trolley can be diversified, more diverse scenarios can be simulated, and the applicability is high.
进一步，还包括用于限定样品台车和追尾台车移动方向的测试轨道。Furthermore, it also includes a test track for limiting the moving direction of the sample trolley and the rear-end trolley.
有益效果：测试轨道的设置可以对样品台车和追尾台车的移动方向进行限制，从而使得其在碰撞测试时能够正面碰撞在一起，从而达到测试效果。Beneficial effect: The setting of the test track can limit the moving directions of the sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley, so that they can collide head-on during the collision test, thereby achieving the test effect.
本发明还提供一种前后双向加载的汽车碰撞实验方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a front and rear bidirectional loading automobile collision test method, comprising the following steps:
S1、将样品台车和追尾台车安装到测试轨道上，分别与牵引机构连接，并进行待测车辆的乘员约束系统或乘员舱内饰，以及测试假人的安装；S1. Install the sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley on the test track, connect them to the traction mechanism respectively, and install the occupant restraint system or the interior of the passenger compartment of the vehicle to be tested, as well as the test dummy;
S2、根据前碰撞强度需求和追尾碰撞强度需求，对固定壁障上的前碰撞吸能装置和追尾台车上的追尾碰撞吸能装置进行选择和安装，并调整追尾台车和样品台车的配重；S2. Select and install the front collision energy absorbing device on the fixed barrier and the rear collision energy absorbing device on the rear collision trolley according to the front collision strength requirements and the rear collision strength requirements, and adjust the counterweights of the rear collision trolley and the sample trolley;
S3、开始试验，选择对应的碰撞类型，所述碰撞类型包括第一碰撞类型和第二碰撞类型，根据选择的碰撞类型，从数据库中调取对应的碰撞步骤，并执行该碰撞步骤；S3, start the test, select a corresponding collision type, the collision type includes a first collision type and a second collision type, retrieve a corresponding collision step from a database according to the selected collision type, and execute the collision step;
S4、在碰撞步骤执行过程中，当样品台车前端上的抗冲击平面与固定壁障后端设置的前碰撞吸能装置接触完成，以及样品台车后端上的抗冲击平面与追尾台车前端设置的追尾碰撞吸能装置接触完成后，结束执行该碰撞步骤，并获取样品台车上测试假人的伤害数据。S4. During the execution of the collision step, when the impact-resistant plane on the front end of the sample trolley contacts the front collision energy absorption device arranged at the rear end of the fixed barrier, and the impact-resistant plane on the rear end of the sample trolley contacts the rear-end collision energy absorption device arranged at the front end of the rear-end trolley, the collision step is terminated and the injury data of the test dummy on the sample trolley is obtained.
本方案的原理和效果：在本方案，首先将对应的样品台车和追尾台车依次放置在测试轨道上，通过测试轨道的设置将样品台车和追尾台车的行驶方向限制在测试轨道的长度方向上，从而使得碰撞实验能够准确进行。之后将待测车辆的乘员约束系统或乘员舱内饰安装在样品台车上，并将对应的碰撞假人匹配上去，从而实现对待测车辆在驾驶过程中的真实情况，也便于能够更加真实模拟。然后就是根据前碰撞和追尾碰撞的强度需求进行各自吸能装置的选择和安装，在这个过程中还会对追尾台车的配重进行调整，使其满足真实的追尾碰撞情况。The principle and effect of this scheme: In this scheme, the corresponding sample trolleys and rear-end collision trolleys are first placed on the test track in sequence. The driving direction of the sample trolleys and rear-end collision trolleys is limited to the length direction of the test track through the setting of the test track, so that the collision test can be carried out accurately. After that, the occupant restraint system or the passenger compartment interior of the vehicle to be tested is installed on the sample trolley, and the corresponding collision dummy is matched to it, so as to realize the actual situation of the vehicle to be tested during the driving process, and also facilitate a more realistic simulation. Then, the respective energy absorption devices are selected and installed according to the intensity requirements of the front collision and rear-end collision. In this process, the counterweight of the rear-end collision trolley will also be adjusted to meet the actual rear-end collision situation.
在完成上述的准备工作之后，就会根据自身需要的碰撞类型进行碰撞类型的选择，不同的碰撞类型对应的不同的碰撞策略，之后利用对应的碰撞策略进行碰撞试验，使得样品台车和追尾台车都加速到各自所需要的速度上之后完成对应的碰撞，即样品台车前端上的抗冲击平面与固定壁障后端设置的前碰撞吸能装置接触，样品台车后端上的抗冲击平面与追尾台车前端设置的追尾碰撞吸能装置接触，从而实现多车碰撞的试验场景。解决了现有技术中对台车碰撞仅限于单一方向上的加载碰撞，缺失前后双向碰撞的问题，提高了台车碰撞测试的多样化，同时对应的操作简单，便于试验，得到的试验数据真实性和可靠性高。After completing the above preparations, the collision type will be selected according to the collision type required. Different collision types correspond to different collision strategies. Then, the collision test is carried out using the corresponding collision strategy, so that the sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley are accelerated to the speeds required by each of them and then the corresponding collision is completed, that is, the impact-resistant plane on the front end of the sample trolley contacts the front collision energy absorption device set at the rear end of the fixed barrier, and the impact-resistant plane on the rear end of the sample trolley contacts the rear-end collision energy absorption device set at the front end of the rear-end collision trolley, thereby realizing the test scenario of multi-vehicle collision. It solves the problem that the trolley collision in the prior art is limited to loading collision in a single direction and lacks front and rear bidirectional collision, and improves the diversification of the trolley collision test. At the same time, the corresponding operation is simple and easy to test, and the obtained test data has high authenticity and reliability.
现有的碰撞测试大多是从欧美国家那边引用过来的，所以在进行碰撞测试本土化时大多测试人员都是按照其所对应的测试方法下进行本土化改进，但不会就测试方法本身进行改进，而本申请人打破这种传统上的约束。Most of the existing collision tests are quoted from European and American countries, so when localizing collision tests, most testers make localized improvements according to the corresponding test methods, but do not improve the test methods themselves. The applicant breaks this traditional constraint.
进一步，所述第一碰撞类型所对应的碰撞步骤为：Further, the collision steps corresponding to the first collision type are:
S320、启动牵引机构，使得样品台车以恒定的加速度沿着测试轨道做匀加速运动，直到样品台车加速到前碰撞所需要的速度后停止加速；S320, start the traction mechanism to make the sample trolley move uniformly along the test track at a constant acceleration until the sample trolley accelerates to the speed required for the front collision and then stops accelerating;
S321、牵引到前碰撞吸能装置的后端面时，通过物理机构断开牵引钢索与样品台车的连接，使得样品台车自由撞击前碰撞吸能装置；S321, when towing to the rear end face of the front collision energy absorbing device, disconnecting the towing steel cable from the sample trolley through a physical mechanism, so that the sample trolley can freely collide with the front collision energy absorbing device;
S322、启动牵引机构，使得追尾台车以恒定的加速度沿着测试轨道做匀加速运动，直到样品台车加速到前碰撞所需要的速度后停止加速；S322, start the traction mechanism to make the rear-end collision trolley move uniformly along the test track at a constant acceleration until the sample trolley accelerates to the speed required for the front collision and then stops accelerating;
S323、牵引到追尾碰撞吸能装置的后端面时，通过物理机构断开牵引钢索与样品台车的连接，使得样品台车自由撞击追尾碰撞吸能装置。S323. When towing to the rear end face of the rear-end collision energy absorbing device, the connection between the towing steel cable and the sample trolley is disconnected through a physical mechanism, so that the sample trolley can freely collide with the rear-end collision energy absorbing device.
有益效果：在本方案中，先后进行样品台车和追尾台车的启动，从而实现对样品台车在与固定壁障发生碰撞后，与对应的追尾台车发生碰撞，实现了对在前碰撞后又被追尾碰撞的场景的还原，能够实现对该场景下数据的获取。Beneficial effect: In this scheme, the sample trolley and the rear-end trolley are started successively, so that after the sample trolley collides with the fixed barrier, it collides with the corresponding rear-end trolley, realizing the restoration of the scene of the front collision and then the rear-end collision, and realizing the acquisition of data in this scene.
进一步，所述第二碰撞类型所对应的碰撞步骤为：Furthermore, the collision steps corresponding to the second collision type are:
S310、启动牵引机构，使得样品台车以恒定的加速度沿着测试轨道做匀加速运动，直到样品台车加速到前碰撞所需要的速度后停止加速；S310, start the traction mechanism to make the sample trolley move uniformly along the test track at a constant acceleration until the sample trolley accelerates to the speed required for the front collision and then stops accelerating;
S311、牵引到AEB制动起点位置后，通过物理机构断开牵引钢索与样品台车的连接，同时启动样品台车的刹车装置，使得样品台车进行匀减速的AEB的紧急制动过程；S311, after being towed to the AEB braking starting point, disconnecting the towing cable from the sample trolley through a physical mechanism, and simultaneously activating the brake device of the sample trolley, so that the sample trolley performs an AEB emergency braking process with uniform deceleration;
S312、在牵引机构牵引样品台车移动后，通过牵引机构，使得追尾台车以恒定的加速度沿着测试轨道做匀加速运动，直到追尾台车加速到追尾碰撞所需要的速度后停止加速；S312, after the traction mechanism pulls the sample trolley to move, the traction mechanism causes the rear-end collision trolley to perform uniform acceleration along the test track at a constant acceleration until the rear-end collision trolley accelerates to the speed required for the rear-end collision and then stops accelerating;
S313、在启动样品台车的刹车装置时，通过物理机构断开牵引钢索与追尾台车的连接，在样品台车发生紧急制动的过程中发生追尾碰撞。S313. When the brake device of the sample trolley is activated, the connection between the traction cable and the rear-end trolley is disconnected through a physical mechanism, and a rear-end collision occurs during the emergency braking of the sample trolley.
有益效果：在本方案中，通过先后启动样品台车和追尾台车的启动，使得对应的样品台车和追尾台车发生移动，在对应的AEB制动起点位置处所对应的时间下同时进行样品台车的紧急制动，以及追尾台车与样品台车的追尾碰撞，从而实现对在紧急制动下的追尾碰撞所对应的场景的真实模拟。Beneficial effect: In this scheme, by starting the sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley in sequence, the corresponding sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley are moved, and the emergency braking of the sample trolley and the rear-end collision of the rear-end collision with the sample trolley are simultaneously performed at the corresponding time at the corresponding AEB braking starting position, thereby achieving a true simulation of the scene corresponding to the rear-end collision under emergency braking.
进一步，所述第一碰撞类型中的追尾台车和样品台车的碰撞时间满足：Furthermore, the collision time between the rear-end trolley and the sample trolley in the first collision type satisfies:
式中：T5为样品台车与固定壁障发生碰撞的时间；d1为样品台车的前端的抗冲击平面到固定障壁的前碰撞吸能装置的距离；v0为样品台车对应碰撞所需要的速度；a1为样品台车在匀加速过程中的加速度；Δt0为样品台车与固定障壁发生碰撞到完全稳定下来的时间差；M为样品台车在碰撞过程中发生的位移；T4为追尾台车与样品台车发生碰撞的时间；d2为追尾台车的前端的追尾碰撞吸能装置到固定障壁的前碰撞吸能装置的距离；v1为追尾台车对应的碰撞所需要的速度；a2为追尾台车在匀加速过程中的加速度；T1为追尾台车的启动时间；L为样品台车的车身长度。In the formula: T5 is the time when the sample trolley collides with the fixed barrier; d1 is the distance from the impact-resistant plane at the front end of the sample trolley to the front collision energy absorbing device of the fixed barrier; v0 is the speed required for the corresponding collision of the sample trolley; a1 is the acceleration of the sample trolley during uniform acceleration; Δt0 is the time difference from the collision of the sample trolley with the fixed barrier to complete stability; M is the displacement of the sample trolley during the collision; T4 is the time when the rear-end trolley collides with the sample trolley; d2 is the distance from the rear-end collision energy absorbing device at the front end of the rear-end trolley to the front collision energy absorbing device of the fixed barrier; v1 is the speed required for the corresponding collision of the rear-end trolley; a2 is the acceleration of the rear-end trolley during uniform acceleration; T1 is the starting time of the rear-end trolley; L is the body length of the sample trolley.
有益效果：在本方案中，在进行第一碰撞类型时，考虑到整个碰撞要实现在完成样品台车和固定壁障之间的碰撞之后才能进行追尾台车和样品台车的碰撞，所以通过对追尾台车与样品台车发生碰撞的时间，以及样品台车与固定壁障发生碰撞的时间的条件限定，使得碰撞满足要求，极大简化了实验过程，提高了实验的准确性，减低了实验成本。Beneficial effect: In this scheme, when conducting the first type of collision, it is considered that the entire collision must be realized after the collision between the sample trolley and the fixed barrier is completed before the collision between the rear-end trolley and the sample trolley can be carried out. Therefore, by limiting the conditions of the time when the rear-end trolley collides with the sample trolley, and the time when the sample trolley collides with the fixed barrier, the collision meets the requirements, which greatly simplifies the experimental process, improves the accuracy of the experiment, and reduces the experimental cost.
进一步，所述第二碰撞类型中的追尾台车和样品台车需要满足：Furthermore, the rear-end collision trolley and the sample trolley in the second collision type need to meet the following conditions:
式中：v0为AEB开始前的样品台车初速度；a为AEB制动强度；Δt1为在发生碰撞前AEB制动持续时间；ΔV为追尾时刻两台车相对碰撞强度；S0为样品台车和追尾台车在移动前的距离间隔；S1为样品台车和追尾台车的速度一致时的距离间隔；S2为样品台车和追尾台车从速度一致到发生碰撞时的距离间隔；T2为样品台车启动刹车装置进行AEB紧急制动的时间；T1为追尾台车的启动时间；a1为样品台车在匀加速过程中的加速度；a2为追尾台车在匀加速过程中的加速度；v1为追尾台车对应的碰撞所需要的速度。In the formula: v0 is the initial velocity of the sample trolley before the start of AEB; a is the AEB braking intensity; Δt1 is the AEB braking duration before the collision occurs; ΔV is the relative collision intensity of the two vehicles at the moment of rear-end collision; S0 is the distance interval between the sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley before moving; S1 is the distance interval when the speeds of the sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley are the same; S2 is the distance interval between the sample trolley and the rear-end collision trolley from the same speed to the collision; T2 is the time for the sample trolley to start the braking device for AEB emergency braking; T1 is the start time of the rear-end collision trolley; a1 is the acceleration of the sample trolley during uniform acceleration; a2 is the acceleration of the rear-end collision trolley during uniform acceleration; v1 is the speed required for the corresponding collision of the rear-end collision trolley.
有益效果：在本方案中，第二碰撞类型为对应的紧急制动下的被追尾，所以在样品台车启动刹车装置进行AEB紧急制动，到样品台车和追尾台车发生碰撞时，对追尾台车和样品台车各自移动的距离以及最初的距离间隔需要满足条件，避免在样品台车还没有发生紧急制动就发生碰撞的问题出现，极大提高了碰撞试验的有效性。Beneficial effect: In this scheme, the second collision type is the rear-end collision under the corresponding emergency braking, so when the sample trolley starts the braking device to perform AEB emergency braking, when the sample trolley collides with the rear-end collision trolley, the distance moved by the rear-end collision trolley and the sample trolley respectively and the initial distance interval need to meet the conditions, so as to avoid the problem of collision before the sample trolley performs emergency braking, which greatly improves the effectiveness of the collision test.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明实施例一中前后双向加载的汽车碰撞台车的侧视图；FIG1 is a side view of a car collision trolley loaded in both front and rear directions in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例一中前后双向加载的汽车碰撞台车的俯视图；FIG2 is a top view of a car collision trolley loaded in both front and rear directions in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例一中前后双向加载的汽车碰撞实验方法的流程图。FIG3 is a flow chart of a vehicle collision test method with front and rear bidirectional loading in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面通过具体实施方式进一步详细说明：The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:
说明书附图中的标记包括：牵引机构1、固定壁障2、前碰撞吸能装置3、测试轨道4、牵引钢索5、样品台车6、追尾台车7、追尾碰撞吸能装置8、抗冲击平面9、测试假人10。The marks in the drawings of the specification include: traction mechanism 1, fixed barrier 2, front collision energy absorbing device 3, test track 4, traction steel cable 5, sample trolley 6, rear-end collision trolley 7, rear-end collision energy absorbing device 8, impact-resistant plane 9, and test dummy 10.
实施例一Embodiment 1
一种前后双向加载的汽车碰撞台车，基本如图1和图2所示，包括依次设置的牵引机构1、固定壁障2、样品台车6和追尾台车7；所述样品台车6上安装有待测车辆的乘员约束系统或乘员舱内饰，以及测试假人10；所述追尾台车7的设置数量至少为1个。在本实施例中追尾台车7的数量为1个，在其他实施例中，设置有多个，例如3个。A front and rear bidirectionally loaded automobile collision trolley, as shown in FIG1 and FIG2, comprises a traction mechanism 1, a fixed barrier 2, a sample trolley 6 and a rear-end collision trolley 7 arranged in sequence; the sample trolley 6 is installed with the occupant restraint system or the passenger compartment interior of the vehicle to be tested, and a test dummy 10; the number of the rear-end collision trolley 7 is at least 1. In this embodiment, the number of the rear-end collision trolley 7 is 1, and in other embodiments, multiple rear-end collision trolleys 7 are provided, for example, 3.
所述样品台车6的前端和后端均设置有抗冲击平面9；The front and rear ends of the sample trolley 6 are both provided with impact-resistant surfaces 9;
所述固定壁障2的后端面上设置有用于吸取样品台车6碰撞固定壁障2所对应的能量的前碰撞吸能装置3，所述追尾台车7的前端面上设置有用于吸取追尾台车7碰撞样品台车6所对应能量的追尾碰撞吸能装置8；所述牵引机构1用于通过牵引钢索5分别与样品台车6、追尾台车7连接，为样品台车6和追尾台车7提供初始动能。所述前碰撞吸能装置3和追尾碰撞吸能装置8均包括蜂窝铝、铝管、可变形钢板、实车前纵梁中的一种。在本实施例中，前碰撞吸能装置3和追尾碰撞吸能装置8均为蜂窝铝。不同的碰撞强度进行不同的碰撞吸能装置的选择。所述样品台车6上设置有刹车装置。在本实施例中，采用现有的刹车装置，只要能够确保样品台车6的刹车功能即可。The rear end face of the fixed barrier 2 is provided with a front collision energy absorbing device 3 for absorbing the energy corresponding to the collision of the sample trolley 6 with the fixed barrier 2, and the front end face of the rear-end collision trolley 7 is provided with a rear-end collision energy absorbing device 8 for absorbing the energy corresponding to the collision of the rear-end collision trolley 7 with the sample trolley 6; the traction mechanism 1 is used to connect with the sample trolley 6 and the rear-end collision trolley 7 respectively through the traction steel cable 5 to provide initial kinetic energy for the sample trolley 6 and the rear-end collision trolley 7. The front collision energy absorbing device 3 and the rear-end collision energy absorbing device 8 both include one of honeycomb aluminum, aluminum tube, deformable steel plate, and front longitudinal beam of a real vehicle. In this embodiment, the front collision energy absorbing device 3 and the rear-end collision energy absorbing device 8 are both honeycomb aluminum. Different collision energy absorbing devices are selected for different collision intensities. The sample trolley 6 is provided with a brake device. In this embodiment, the existing brake device is used as long as the brake function of the sample trolley 6 can be ensured.
还包括用于限定样品台车6和追尾台车7移动方向的测试轨道4。在本实施例中，牵引机构1和固定壁障2设置在测试轨道4的中间，样品台车6和追尾台车7设置在测试轨道4上。通过牵引机构1分别对样品台车6和追尾台车7的牵引，从而实现前碰撞和追尾碰撞，以及AEB紧急制动下的追尾碰撞，进而实现前后双向加载的碰撞。It also includes a test track 4 for limiting the moving directions of the sample trolley 6 and the rear-end collision trolley 7. In this embodiment, the traction mechanism 1 and the fixed barrier 2 are arranged in the middle of the test track 4, and the sample trolley 6 and the rear-end collision trolley 7 are arranged on the test track 4. The traction mechanism 1 pulls the sample trolley 6 and the rear-end collision trolley 7 respectively, thereby realizing front collision and rear-end collision, as well as rear-end collision under AEB emergency braking, and then realizing collision with front and rear bidirectional loading.
如图3所示，本实施例中还提供一种前后双向加载的汽车碰撞实验方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in FIG3 , this embodiment also provides a front and rear bidirectional loading vehicle collision test method, comprising the following steps:
S1、将样品台车6和追尾台车7安装到测试轨道4上，分别与牵引机构1连接，并进行待测车辆的乘员约束系统或乘员舱内饰，以及测试假人10的安装；具体的，将样品台车6和追尾台车7放置于测试轨道4上，将牵引钢索5分别连接在样品台车6和追尾台车7上；将待测车辆的乘员约束系统或乘员舱内饰安装在样品台车6上。按照测试要求放置并调整匹配碰撞假人。S1. Install the sample trolley 6 and the rear-end collision trolley 7 on the test track 4, connect them to the traction mechanism 1 respectively, and install the occupant restraint system or the interior of the passenger compartment of the vehicle to be tested, as well as the test dummy 10; specifically, place the sample trolley 6 and the rear-end collision trolley 7 on the test track 4, connect the traction steel cable 5 to the sample trolley 6 and the rear-end collision trolley 7 respectively; install the occupant restraint system or the interior of the passenger compartment of the vehicle to be tested on the sample trolley 6. Place and adjust the matching collision dummy according to the test requirements.
S2、根据前碰撞强度需求和追尾碰撞强度需求，对固定壁障2上的前碰撞吸能装置3和追尾台车7上的追尾碰撞吸能装置8进行选择和安装，并调整追尾台车7和样品台车6的配重；在本实施例中，不同的碰撞强度对应不同的碰撞吸能装置，即一个碰撞强度对应一个类型的碰撞吸能装置，例如当碰撞强度为A时，选择蜂窝铝，而碰撞强度为B时，选择实车前纵梁。还有将样品台车6的配重调整到该待测车辆的实际重量；在本实施例中，如代表的待测车辆的重量为1450kg，则需要通过配重调整到该重量上。S2. According to the requirements of front collision strength and rear-end collision strength, the front collision energy absorbing device 3 on the fixed barrier 2 and the rear-end collision energy absorbing device 8 on the rear-end collision trolley 7 are selected and installed, and the counterweights of the rear-end collision trolley 7 and the sample trolley 6 are adjusted; in this embodiment, different collision strengths correspond to different collision energy absorbing devices, that is, one collision strength corresponds to one type of collision energy absorbing device, for example, when the collision strength is A, honeycomb aluminum is selected, and when the collision strength is B, the front longitudinal beam of the actual vehicle is selected. Also, the counterweight of the sample trolley 6 is adjusted to the actual weight of the vehicle to be tested; in this embodiment, if the weight of the represented vehicle to be tested is 1450kg, it needs to be adjusted to this weight through the counterweight.
S3、开始试验，选择对应的碰撞类型，所述碰撞类型包括第一碰撞类型和第二碰撞类型，根据选择的碰撞类型，从数据库中调取对应的碰撞步骤，并执行该碰撞步骤；S3, start the test, select a corresponding collision type, the collision type includes a first collision type and a second collision type, retrieve a corresponding collision step from a database according to the selected collision type, and execute the collision step;
具体的，开始试验，选择对应的碰撞类型，所述碰撞类型包括第一碰撞类型和第二碰撞类型，根据选择的碰撞类型，从数据库中调取对应的碰撞步骤；Specifically, starting the test, selecting a corresponding collision type, the collision type including a first collision type and a second collision type, and retrieving a corresponding collision step from a database according to the selected collision type;
在本实施例中，不同的碰撞类型对应的不同的碰撞步骤，其中：In this embodiment, different collision types correspond to different collision steps, where:
所述第一碰撞类型所对应的碰撞步骤为：The collision steps corresponding to the first collision type are:
S320、启动牵引机构1，使得样品台车6以恒定的加速度沿着测试轨道4做匀加速运动，直到样品台车6加速到前碰撞所需要的速度后停止加速；S320, start the traction mechanism 1, so that the sample trolley 6 moves along the test track 4 with a constant acceleration until the sample trolley 6 accelerates to the speed required for the front collision and then stops accelerating;
S321、牵引到前碰撞吸能装置3的后端面时，通过物理机构断开牵引钢索5与样品台车6的连接，使得样品台车6自由撞击前碰撞吸能装置3；S321, when the traction reaches the rear end surface of the front collision energy absorbing device 3, the connection between the traction cable 5 and the sample trolley 6 is disconnected by a physical mechanism, so that the sample trolley 6 can freely collide with the front collision energy absorbing device 3;
S322、启动牵引机构1，使得追尾台车7以恒定的加速度沿着测试轨道4做匀加速运动，直到样品台车6加速到前碰撞所需要的速度后停止加速；S322, start the traction mechanism 1, so that the rear-end collision trolley 7 moves uniformly along the test track 4 with a constant acceleration until the sample trolley 6 accelerates to the speed required for the front collision and then stops accelerating;
S323、牵引到追尾碰撞吸能装置8的后端面时，通过物理机构断开牵引钢索5与样品台车6的连接，使得样品台车6自由撞击追尾碰撞吸能装置8。S323. When the vehicle is pulled to the rear end face of the rear-end collision energy absorbing device 8, the connection between the pulling steel cable 5 and the sample trolley 6 is disconnected through a physical mechanism, so that the sample trolley 6 can freely collide with the rear-end collision energy absorbing device 8.
按照第一碰撞类型所对应的碰撞步骤进行执行时，追尾台车7和样品台车6的碰撞时间满足：When the collision steps corresponding to the first collision type are executed, the collision time between the rear-end collision trolley 7 and the sample trolley 6 satisfies:
式中：T5为样品台车6与固定壁障2发生碰撞的时间；d1为样品台车6的前端的抗冲击平面9到固定障壁的前碰撞吸能装置3的距离；v0为样品台车6对应碰撞所需要的速度；a1为样品台车6在匀加速过程中的加速度；Δt0为样品台车6与固定障壁发生碰撞到完全稳定下来的时间差；M为样品台车6在碰撞过程中发生的位移；T4为追尾台车7与样品台车6发生碰撞的时间；d2为追尾台车7的前端的追尾碰撞吸能装置8到固定障壁的前碰撞吸能装置3的距离；v1为追尾台车7对应的碰撞所需要的速度；a2为追尾台车7在匀加速过程中的加速度；T1为追尾台车7的启动时间；L为样品台车6的车身长度。In the formula: T5 is the time when the sample trolley 6 collides with the fixed barrier 2; d1 is the distance from the impact-resistant plane 9 at the front end of the sample trolley 6 to the front collision energy absorbing device 3 of the fixed barrier; v0 is the speed required for the corresponding collision of the sample trolley 6; a1 is the acceleration of the sample trolley 6 during uniform acceleration; Δt0 is the time difference from the collision of the sample trolley 6 with the fixed barrier to complete stabilization; M is the displacement of the sample trolley 6 during the collision; T4 is the time when the rear-end trolley 7 collides with the sample trolley 6; d2 is the distance from the rear-end collision energy absorbing device 8 at the front end of the rear-end trolley 7 to the front collision energy absorbing device 3 of the fixed barrier; v1 is the speed required for the corresponding collision of the rear-end trolley 7; a2 is the acceleration of the rear-end trolley 7 during uniform acceleration; T1 is the starting time of the rear-end trolley 7; L is the body length of the sample trolley 6.
在本实施例中，在满足上述公式的M可以为正值也可以为负值，具体根据样品台车6在发生碰撞后是样品台车6的前端发生形变导致镶嵌在固定壁障2上还是样品台车6前端没有发生形变出现反弹导致样品台车6和固定壁障2之间出现间隔，如果对应的样品台车6的车身长度L发生变小，则M为缩小的距离，为负值，如果样品台车6的前端与固定壁障2之间存在间隔，则M为间隔的距离，为正值。In this embodiment, M that satisfies the above formula can be a positive value or a negative value, depending on whether the front end of the sample trolley 6 is deformed after the collision and is embedded in the fixed barrier 2, or the front end of the sample trolley 6 is not deformed and rebounds, resulting in a gap between the sample trolley 6 and the fixed barrier 2. If the corresponding body length L of the sample trolley 6 becomes smaller, M is the reduced distance, which is a negative value. If there is a gap between the front end of the sample trolley 6 and the fixed barrier 2, M is the distance of the gap, which is a positive value.
所述第二碰撞类型所对应的碰撞步骤为：The collision steps corresponding to the second collision type are:
S310、启动牵引机构1，使得样品台车6以恒定的加速度沿着测试轨道4做匀加速运动，直到样品台车6加速到前碰撞所需要的速度后停止加速；S310, start the traction mechanism 1, so that the sample trolley 6 moves along the test track 4 with a constant acceleration until the sample trolley 6 accelerates to the speed required for the front collision and then stops accelerating;
S311、牵引到AEB制动起点位置后，通过物理机构断开牵引钢索5与样品台车6的连接，同时启动样品台车6的刹车装置，使得样品台车6进行匀减速的AEB的紧急制动过程；在本实施例中，考虑到测试场景的需要，减速所对应的加速度一般设置为0.8g～1g。S311. After being pulled to the AEB braking starting position, the connection between the traction cable 5 and the sample trolley 6 is disconnected through a physical mechanism, and the braking device of the sample trolley 6 is started at the same time, so that the sample trolley 6 performs an AEB emergency braking process with uniform deceleration; in this embodiment, considering the needs of the test scenario, the acceleration corresponding to the deceleration is generally set to 0.8g~1g.
S312、在牵引机构1牵引样品台车6移动后，通过牵引机构1，使得追尾台车7以恒定的加速度沿着测试轨道4做匀加速运动，直到追尾台车7加速到追尾碰撞所需要的速度后停止加速；S312, after the traction mechanism 1 pulls the sample trolley 6 to move, the traction mechanism 1 causes the rear-end collision trolley 7 to move uniformly along the test track 4 at a constant acceleration until the rear-end collision trolley 7 accelerates to the speed required for the rear-end collision and then stops accelerating;
S313、在启动样品台车6的刹车装置时，通过物理机构断开牵引钢索5与追尾台车7的连接，在样品台车6发生紧急制动的过程中发生追尾碰撞。S313. When the brake device of the sample trolley 6 is activated, the connection between the traction cable 5 and the rear-end trolley 7 is disconnected through a physical mechanism, and a rear-end collision occurs during the emergency braking of the sample trolley 6.
按照第二碰撞类型所对应的碰撞步骤进行执行时，其中：追尾台车7和样品台车6需要满足：When executing the collision steps corresponding to the second collision type, the rear-end collision trolley 7 and the sample trolley 6 need to meet the following conditions:
式中：v0为AEB开始前的样品台车6初速度；a为AEB制动强度；Δt1为在发生碰撞前AEB制动持续时间；ΔV为追尾时刻两台车相对碰撞强度；S0为样品台车6和追尾台车7在移动前的距离间隔；S1为样品台车6和追尾台车7的速度一致时的距离间隔；S2为样品台车6和追尾台车7从速度一致到发生碰撞时的距离间隔；T2为样品台车6启动刹车装置进行AEB紧急制动的时间；T1为追尾台车7的启动时间；a1为样品台车6在匀加速过程中的加速度；a2为追尾台车7在匀加速过程中的加速度；v1为追尾台车7对应的碰撞所需要的速度。In the formula: v0 is the initial velocity of the sample trolley 6 before the start of AEB; a is the AEB braking intensity; Δt1 is the AEB braking duration before the collision occurs; ΔV is the relative collision intensity of the two vehicles at the moment of rear-end collision; S0 is the distance interval between the sample trolley 6 and the rear-end collision trolley 7 before moving; S1 is the distance interval when the speeds of the sample trolley 6 and the rear-end collision trolley 7 are the same; S2 is the distance interval between the sample trolley 6 and the rear-end collision trolley 7 from the same speed to the collision; T2 is the time for the sample trolley 6 to start the braking device for AEB emergency braking; T1 is the start time of the rear-end collision trolley 7; a1 is the acceleration of the sample trolley 6 during uniform acceleration; a2 is the acceleration of the rear-end collision trolley 7 during uniform acceleration; v1 is the speed required for the corresponding collision of the rear-end collision trolley 7.
S4、在碰撞步骤执行过程中，当样品台车6前端上的抗冲击平面9与固定壁障2后端设置的前碰撞吸能装置3接触完成，以及样品台车6后端上的抗冲击平面9与追尾台车7前端设置的追尾碰撞吸能装置8接触完成后，结束执行该碰撞步骤，并获取样品台车6上测试假人10的伤害数据。S4. During the execution of the collision step, when the impact-resistant plane 9 on the front end of the sample trolley 6 is in contact with the front collision energy absorption device 3 set at the rear end of the fixed barrier 2, and the impact-resistant plane 9 on the rear end of the sample trolley 6 is in contact with the rear-end collision energy absorption device 8 set at the front end of the rear-end trolley 7, the collision step is terminated and the injury data of the test dummy 10 on the sample trolley 6 is obtained.
具体的，根据调取的碰撞步骤，启动牵引机构1依次加速样品台车6和追尾台车7，直至各自碰撞所需速度后不再继续加速，使得样品台车6前端上的抗冲击平面9与固定壁障2后端设置的前碰撞吸能装置3接触，样品台车6后端上的抗冲击平面9与追尾台车7前端设置的追尾碰撞吸能装置8接触，并发生各自对应的碰撞过程，获取样品台车6上碰撞假人的伤害值，通过对碰撞假人的伤害数据的获取，从而完成整个碰撞实验，实现对前后双向加载碰撞的数据的采集，根据这些数据可以供车辆开发商进行车辆的调整。Specifically, according to the retrieved collision steps, the traction mechanism 1 is started to accelerate the sample trolley 6 and the rear-end trolley 7 in turn until they reach the speed required for the collision and then stop accelerating, so that the impact-resistant plane 9 on the front end of the sample trolley 6 contacts the front collision energy absorption device 3 provided at the rear end of the fixed barrier 2, and the impact-resistant plane 9 on the rear end of the sample trolley 6 contacts the rear-end collision energy absorption device 8 provided at the front end of the rear-end trolley 7, and their corresponding collision processes occur, and the injury value of the collision dummy on the sample trolley 6 is obtained. By obtaining the injury data of the collision dummy, the entire collision experiment is completed, and the data on the front and rear bidirectional loading collision is collected. Vehicle developers can adjust the vehicle based on these data.
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例，方案中公知的具体结构及特性等常识在此过多描述，所属领域普通技术人员知晓申请日或者优先权日之前发明所属技术领域所有的普通技术知识，能够获知该领域中所有的现有技术，并且具有应用该日期之前常规实验手段的能力，所属领域普通技术人员可以在本申请给出的启示下，结合自身能力完善并实施本方案，一些典型的公知结构或者公知方法不应当成为所属领域普通技术人员实施本申请的障碍。应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明结构的前提下，还可以作出若干变形和改进，这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围，这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准，说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. The common sense such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is described too much here. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field know all the common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can know all the existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the enlightenment given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.
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