CN116989833A - Sensor assembly with recessed surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a "sensor assembly with a concave surface". A sensor assembly includes a housing mountable to a vehicle and a sensor mounted to the housing on top of the housing. The housing includes a front panel. The front panel includes a front surface on an exterior of the housing. The front surface is concave along a vertical axis and concave along a horizontal axis orthogonal to the vertical axis. The front surface is wider than the sensor along the horizontal axis.

Description

Sensor assembly with recessed surface

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a sensor assembly in a vehicle.

Background

Vehicles typically include sensors. The sensors may provide data regarding the operation of the vehicle, such as wheel speed, wheel orientation, and engine and transmission data (e.g., temperature, fuel consumption, etc.). The sensors may detect the position and/or orientation of the vehicle. The sensor may be a Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor; accelerometers, such as piezoelectric or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); gyroscopes, such as rate gyroscopes, ring laser gyroscopes, or fiber optic gyroscopes; an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU); and/or magnetometers. The sensors may detect objects and/or characteristics of the outside world, e.g., the surrounding environment of the vehicle, such as other vehicles, roadway lane markings, traffic lights and/or signs, pedestrians, etc. For example, the sensor may be a radar sensor, a scanning laser range finder, a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device, and/or an image processing sensor (such as a camera).

Disclosure of Invention

A sensor assembly includes a housing mountable to a vehicle and a sensor mounted to the housing on top of the housing. The housing includes a front panel. The front panel includes a front surface on an exterior of the housing. The front surface is concave along a vertical axis and concave along a horizontal axis orthogonal to the vertical axis. The front surface is wider than the sensor along the horizontal axis.

The housing may include a top panel to which the sensor is mounted, the top panel may border the front panel, and the front surface may extend below the top panel. The sensor assembly may also include at least one air nozzle mounted to the top panel adjacent to the sensor. The at least one air nozzle may be oriented to discharge vertically.

The sensor may be cylindrical and define an axis parallel to the vertical axis.

The front surface may be higher than the sensor along the vertical axis.

The horizontal axis may be a lateral horizontal axis, the front surface may include an outer edge, the front surface may include a rearmost point along a longitudinal horizontal axis orthogonal to the lateral horizontal axis and to the vertical axis, and the rearmost point of the front surface is spaced apart from the outer edge of the front surface. The outer edge of the front surface may include an extreme point and an extreme bottom point along the vertical axis, and the extreme point and the extreme bottom point may be forward of the rearmost point along the longitudinal horizontal axis. The front surface may curve smoothly from the rearmost point to the topmost point and from the rearmost point to the bottommost point.

The line normal to the front surface at the rearmost point and the line normal to the front surface at the summit may define an angle projected onto a vertical plane parallel to the vertical axis and parallel to the longitudinal horizontal axis, and the angle may be at least 15 °. The angle may be at most 35 °.

The line normal to the front surface at the rearmost point and the line normal to the front surface at the bottommost point may define an angle projected onto a vertical plane parallel to the vertical axis and parallel to the longitudinal horizontal axis, and the angle may be at least 15 °. The angle may be at most 35 °.

The sensor may be located entirely above the topmost point along the vertical axis.

The outer edge of the front surface may include a leftmost point and a rightmost point along the lateral horizontal axis, and the leftmost point and the rightmost point may be forward of the rearmost point along the longitudinal horizontal axis. The front surface may curve smoothly from the rearmost point to the leftmost point and from the rearmost point to the rightmost point.

The line normal to the front surface at the rearmost point and the line normal to the front surface at the leftmost point may define an angle projected onto a horizontal plane parallel to the lateral horizontal axis and parallel to the longitudinal horizontal axis, and the angle may be at least 15 °. The angle may be at most 35 °.

The rearmost point may lie in a vertical plane parallel to the vertical axis and parallel to the longitudinal horizontal axis, and the front surface may be symmetrical on the vertical plane.

The sensor may be located entirely between the leftmost point and the rightmost point along the lateral horizontal axis.

Referring to the drawings, wherein like reference numbers refer to like parts throughout the several views, a sensor assembly 102 includes a housing 104 mountable to a vehicle 100 and a sensor 106 mounted to the housing 104 on top of the housing 104. The housing 104 includes a front panel 108. The front panel 108 includes a front surface 110 on the exterior of the housing 104. The front surface 110 is concave along a vertical axis Z and concave along a transverse horizontal axis Y orthogonal to the vertical axis Z. The front surface 110 is wider than the sensor 106 along the transverse horizontal axis Y.

The unique shape of the front panel 108 creates an airflow pattern that can deflect insects, snow, and other debris in the air away from the sensor 106. Thus, the view of the sensor 106 remains clearer. The concave shape of the front panel 108 along the vertical axis Z may deflect oncoming air upward and forward relative to the vehicle 100 when the vehicle 100 is traveling forward. The vertically deflected air may then pass back at a height above the sensor 106, as shown in fig. 3. The vertically deflected airflow may deflect the oncoming debris over the sensor 106. The shape creates a stagnant zone of relatively stationary air relative to the vehicle 100 between the vertically deflected airflow and the sensor 106. Since the front panel 108 is recessed along the lateral horizontal axis Y in addition to the vertical axis Z, the oncoming air deflects laterally outward and forward relative to the vehicle 100. The horizontally deflected air may then pass back and not rejoin until after the sensor 106, as shown in fig. 4. The horizontally deflected air is prevented from damaging stagnant areas in front of the sensor 106.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary vehicle having an exemplary sensor assembly.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a sensor assembly.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the sensor assembly.

FIG. 4 is a top view of the sensor assembly.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1, a vehicle 100 may be any passenger or commercial vehicle, such as a car, truck, sport utility vehicle, cross-car, van, minivan, taxi, bus, or the like.

Directional terms such as "forward", "rearward", "longitudinal", "left", "right", "transverse", "horizontal", "vertical" and the like are to be understood with respect to the vehicle 100. The spatial arrangement is interpreted in accordance with a coordinate system defined relative to the vehicle 100. The coordinate system includes a longitudinal horizontal axis X, a transverse horizontal axis Y, and a vertical axis Z. The longitudinal horizontal axis X, the transverse horizontal axis Y and the vertical axis Z are mutually orthogonal, i.e. orthogonal to each other. The longitudinal horizontal axis X extends forward and rearward relative to the vehicle 100, the transverse horizontal axis Y extends leftward and rightward relative to the vehicle 100, and the vertical axis Z extends upward and downward relative to the vehicle 100.

The vehicle 100 may be an autonomous vehicle. The computer may be programmed to operate the vehicle 100 completely or to a lesser extent independently of human driver intervention. The computer may be programmed to operate the propulsion system, braking system, steering system, and/or other vehicle systems based in part on the data received from the sensors 106. For the purposes of this disclosure, autonomous operation means that the computer controls the propulsion system, braking system, and steering system without input from the human driver; semi-autonomous operation means that one or both of the propulsion system, the braking system and the steering system are computer controlled, while the human driver controls the remainder; and non-autonomous operation means that the human driver controls the propulsion system, the braking system and the steering system.

The vehicle 100 includes a body 112. The vehicle 100 may be of unitary construction, wherein the frame and body 112 of the vehicle 100 are a single component. Alternatively, the vehicle 100 may be a non-load-bearing body configuration in which the frame supports the body 112, the body 112 being a separate component from the frame. The frame and body 112 may be formed from any suitable material (e.g., steel, aluminum, etc.). The body 112 includes a body panel 114 that partially defines an exterior of the vehicle 100. The body panel 114 may present a class a surface, e.g., a finished surface that is exposed for viewing by a customer and free of unsightly flaws and defects. The body panel 114 includes, for example, a roof 116 or the like.

Referring to fig. 2, the enclosure 104 may be mounted to the vehicle 100, for example, to one of the body panels 114 (e.g., roof 116) of the vehicle 100. For example, the housing 104 may be shaped to be attachable to the roof 116, e.g., may have a shape that matches the contour of the roof 116. The housing 104 may be attached to the roof 116, which may provide the sensor 106 with an unobstructed view of the area surrounding the vehicle 100. The housing 104 is a rigid structure. The housing 104 may be formed of, for example, plastic or metal.

The housing 104 includes a front panel 108. The front panel 108 faces in a forward direction relative to the vehicle 100, i.e., along a longitudinal horizontal axis X in the forward direction of travel of the vehicle 100. The entire front panel 108 may be unobstructed in a forward direction relative to the vehicle 100, i.e., capable of being projected in a forward direction without interference.

The housing 104 includes a top panel 118. The top panel 118 faces in an upward direction relative to the vehicle 100, i.e., away from the ground along the vertical axis Z. The entire roof panel 118 may be unobstructed in an upward direction relative to the vehicle 100, i.e., capable of being projected in an upward direction without interference. The top panel 118 borders the front panel 108, i.e., contacts the front panel 108 along an extension line.

The housing 104 includes a left panel 120 and a right panel 122. The left panel 120 faces to the left, i.e., to the left along the transverse horizontal axis Y, with respect to the vehicle 100. The right panel 122 faces to the right, i.e., to the right along the transverse horizontal axis Y, relative to the vehicle 100. The left panel 120 and the right panel 122 extend downwardly from the top panel 118 to the roof 116. Left panel 120 and right panel 122 extend rearward from front surface 110.

The sensor 106 is supported by the housing 104. The sensor 106 is mounted to the housing 104 on top of the housing 104 (e.g., at the highest point of the housing 104). Specifically, the sensor 106 may be mounted to the top panel 118. The sensor 106 may be positioned at a lateral center of the vehicle 100, i.e., along a longitudinal centerline of the vehicle 100. The sensor 106 may have a cylindrical shape and define an axis a parallel to the vertical axis Z.

The sensor 106 may be designed to detect characteristics of the outside world; for example, the sensor 106 may be a radar sensor, a scanning laser range finder, a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device, or an image processing sensor such as a camera. In particular, the sensor 106 may be a LIDAR device, such as a scanning LIDAR device. LIDAR devices detect distance from an object by emitting laser pulses of a particular wavelength and measuring the time of flight of the pulses to the object and back. The sensor 106 may have a field of view extending 360 ° horizontally around the vehicle 100, allowed by the position of the sensor 106 on top of the housing 104.

The sensor assembly 102 includes at least one air nozzle 124, such as a plurality of air nozzles 124. An air nozzle 124 is mounted to the top panel 118 adjacent to the sensor 106. For example, one or more air nozzles 124 may surround the sensor 106. The housing 104 may include a pressurized chamber at a pressure above atmospheric pressure, and the air nozzle 124 may be an opening to the pressurized chamber through the top panel 118. Thus, air is forced out through the air nozzle 124. The air nozzles 124 may be oriented to discharge vertically, for example, to form an air curtain around the sensor 106. The air nozzles 124 may prevent rain, for example, entering a stagnant zone in front of the sensor 106 from landing on the sensor 106.

The front panel 108 includes a front surface 110 that is located outside of the housing 104 (i.e., facing outward from the housing 104). The front surface 110 includes an outer edge 126 that defines the front surface 110 on the exterior of the housing 104. The outer edge 126 is defined by the edge of the housing 104 against the roof 116 of the vehicle 100 and by the transition of the local curvature of the exterior of the housing 104 from concave to flat or convex, i.e., where the exterior of the housing 104 stops locally concave is the outer edge 126 separating the front surface 110 from the rest of the housing 104. The top panel 118, left panel 120, right panel 122, and roof 116 contact the outer edge 126.

The outer edge 126 includes a topmost point 128, a bottommost point 130, a leftmost point 132, and a rightmost point 134. The topmost point 128 is a point along the outer edge 126 at a most upward position along the vertical axis Z. The bottommost point 130 is a point along the outer edge 126 at a bottommost position along the vertical axis Z. The rightmost point 134 is a point along the outer edge 126 at the rightmost extreme position along the transverse horizontal axis Y. Leftmost point 132 is a point along outer edge 126 at the leftmost extreme position along transverse horizontal axis Y. The top panel 118 contacts the topmost point 128 of the outer edge 126 of the front surface 110. The roof 116 contacts the bottommost point 130 of the outer edge 126. The left panel 120 contacts the leftmost point 132 of the outer edge 126. Right panel 122 contacts the rightmost point 134 of outer edge 126. The leftmost point 132 and the rightmost point 134 may contact the roof 116.

The top surface includes a rearmost point 136. The rearmost point 136 is a point on the front surface 110 at the most extreme rearward position along the longitudinal horizontal axis X. The rearmost point 136 is spaced apart from the outer edge 126, i.e., not along the outer edge 126. The extreme apex 128 and extreme nadir 130 lie forward of the rearmost point 136 along the longitudinal horizontal axis X, as also seen in fig. 3. The leftmost point 132 and the rightmost point 134 are forward of the rearmost point 136 along the longitudinal horizontal axis X, as also seen in fig. 4.

Referring to fig. 3, the front surface 110 is concave along a vertical axis Z. The front surface 110 extends below the top panel 118. The front surface 110 extends downwardly and rearwardly from the top panel 118 and from the topmost point 128. The front surface 110 extends upwardly and rearwardly from the roof 116 and from a bottommost point 130. The anterior surface 110 curves smoothly from the posterior-most point 136 to the apex 128 and from the posterior-most point 136 to the nadir 130. For purposes of this disclosure, "smoothly curved" means a line having an uninterrupted slope, i.e., bendable without kinking or sharp corners.

Line L1 normal to front surface 110 at rearmost point 136 and line L2 normal to front surface 110 at rearmost point 128 define a vertical plane P projected to be parallel to vertical axis Z and to longitudinal horizontal axis X _v Angle theta of upper part _{Upper part} . In other words, the lines L1 and L2 will be defined as angle θ as seen in side view _{Upper part} . "normal" refers to a line perpendicular to a surface. Vertical plane P _v May be a longitudinal vertical plane bisecting the vehicle 100. Angle theta _{Upper part} At least 15 ° and at most 35 °. According to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, angle θ in the range of 15 ° to 35 ° _{Upper part} Is such that the deflected airflow extends over the sensor 106. Angle theta below 15 deg _{Upper part} May allow the deflected airflow to intersect the sensor 106 and an angle θ of greater than 35 degrees _{Upper part} The value of (2) may cause the deflected airflow to break into turbulence in front of the sensor 106.

Line L1 normal to front surface 110 at rearmost point 136 and line L3 normal to front surface 110 at bottommost point 130 define a projection to vertical plane P _v Angle theta of upper part _{Lower part(s)} . In other words, the lines L1 and L3 will be defined as angle θ as seen in side view _{Lower part(s)} . Angle theta _{Lower part(s)} At least 15 ° and at most 35 °. According to CFD simulation, angle θ in the range of 15 ° to 35 ° _{Lower part(s)} Is such that the deflected airflow extends over the sensor 106. Angle theta below 15 deg _{Lower part(s)} May allow the deflected airflow to intersect the sensor 106 and an angle θ of greater than 35 degrees _{Lower part(s)} The value of (2) may cause the deflected airflow to break into turbulence in front of the sensor 106.

The front surface 110 is higher than the sensor 106 along the vertical axis Z. In other words, the height measured along the vertical axis Z from the bottommost point 130 to the topmost point 128 is greater than the height of the sensor 106. The sensor 106 is positioned entirely above the zenith point 128 along the vertical axis Z. In other words, the bottom of the sensor 106 is higher than the topmost point 128 along the vertical axis Z.

Referring to fig. 4, the front surface 110 is concave along a transverse horizontal axis Y. The front surface 110 extends behind the left panel 120 and the right panel 122. The front surface 110 extends rightward and rearward from the left panel 120 and from a leftmost point 132. The front surface 110 extends leftwardly and rearwardly from the right panel 122 and from a rightmost point 134. The anterior surface 110 curves smoothly from the posterior-most point 136 to the left-most point 132 and from the posterior-most point 136 to the right-most point 134.

Line L1 normal to the front surface 110 at the rearmost point 136 and line L4 normal to the front surface 110 at the leftmost point 132 define a horizontal plane P projected to be parallel to the transverse horizontal axis Y and to the longitudinal horizontal axis X _h Angle theta of upper part _{Left side} . In other words, lines L1 and L4 will be defined as angle θ as seen in top view _{Left side} . Angle theta _{Left side} At least 15 ° and at most 35 °. According to CFD simulation, angle θ in the range of 15 ° to 35 ° _{Left side} Is such that the deflected air flow extends laterally around the sensor 106. Angle theta below 15 deg _{Left side} May allow the deflected air flow to intersect the sensor 106 from the side andand an angle theta higher than 35 DEG _{Left side} The value of (2) may cause the deflected airflow to break up into turbulence.

A line L1 normal to the front surface 110 at the rearmost point 136 and a line L5 normal to the front surface 110 at the rightmost point 134 define a projection to a horizontal plane P _h Angle theta of upper part _{Right side} . In other words, lines L1 and L5 will be defined as angle θ as seen in top view _{Right side} . Angle theta _{Right side} At least 15 ° and at most 35 °. According to CFD simulation, angle θ in the range of 15 ° to 35 ° _{Right side} Is such that the deflected air flow extends laterally around the sensor 106. Angle theta below 15 deg _{Right side} May allow the deflected air flow to intersect the sensor 106 from the side and be at an angle theta above 35 deg _{Right side} The value of (2) may cause the deflected airflow to break up into turbulence.

The rearmost point 136 is in the vertical plane P _v In, for example, in a vertical and longitudinal plane bisecting the vehicle 100, and the front surface 110 is in a vertical plane P _v And (5) upper symmetry. Leftmost point 132 and rightmost point 134 are perpendicular to a vertical plane P _v Equidistant. Angle theta _{Left side} Equal to (i.e., all equal to) the angle θ _{Right side} . The housing 104 may be in a vertical plane P _v Upper symmetry, i.e., top panel 118 may be in plane P _v Upper symmetry, and left panel 120 may be in plane P _v The upper is symmetrical to the right panel 122.

The front surface 110 is wider than the sensor 106 along the transverse horizontal axis Y. In other words, the width measured along the transverse horizontal axis Y from the leftmost point 132 to the rightmost point 134 is greater than the width of the sensor 106, e.g., greater than the diameter of the sensor 106 in the case where the sensor 106 is cylindrical. The sensor 106 is positioned entirely between a leftmost point 132 and a rightmost point 134 along the lateral horizontal axis Y. In other words, leftmost point 132 is farther left along lateral horizontal axis Y than any point on sensor 106, and rightmost point 134 is farther right along lateral horizontal axis Y than any point on sensor 106.

The present disclosure has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the terminology, which has been used, is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation. Many modifications and variations of the present disclosure are possible in light of the above teachings, and the present disclosure may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

According to the present invention, there is provided a sensor assembly having: a housing mountable to a vehicle; and a sensor mounted to the housing on top of the housing; the housing includes a front panel; the front panel includes a front surface on an exterior of the housing; the front surface is concave along a vertical axis and concave along a horizontal axis orthogonal to the vertical axis; and the front surface is wider than the sensor along the horizontal axis.

According to one embodiment, the housing comprises a top panel to which the sensor is mounted, the top panel bordering the front panel and the front surface extending below the top panel.

According to one embodiment, the invention is further characterized in that: at least one air nozzle mounted to the top panel adjacent to the sensor.

According to one embodiment, the at least one air nozzle is oriented for vertical discharge.

According to one embodiment, the sensor is cylindrical and defines an axis parallel to the vertical axis.

According to one embodiment, the front surface is higher than the sensor along the vertical axis.

According to one embodiment, the horizontal axis is a lateral horizontal axis, the front surface includes an outer edge, the front surface includes a rearmost point along a longitudinal horizontal axis orthogonal to the lateral horizontal axis and to the vertical axis, and the rearmost point of the front surface is spaced apart from the outer edge of the front surface.

According to one embodiment, the outer edge of the front surface comprises an extreme point and an extreme bottom point along the vertical axis, and the extreme point and the extreme bottom point are located forward of the rearmost point along the longitudinal horizontal axis.

According to one embodiment, the front surface curves smoothly from the rearmost point to the topmost point and from the rearmost point to the bottommost point.

According to one embodiment, the line normal to the front surface at the rearmost point and the line normal to the front surface at the summit define an angle projected onto a vertical plane parallel to the vertical axis and parallel to the longitudinal horizontal axis, and the angle is at least 15 °.

According to one embodiment, the angle is at most 35 °.

According to one embodiment, the line normal to the front surface at the rearmost point and the line normal to the front surface at the bottommost point define an angle projected onto a vertical plane parallel to the vertical axis and parallel to the longitudinal horizontal axis, and the angle is at least 15 °.

According to one embodiment, the sensor is located entirely above the topmost point along the vertical axis.

According to one embodiment, the outer edge of the front surface comprises a leftmost point and a rightmost point along the lateral horizontal axis, and the leftmost point and the rightmost point are located forward of the rearmost point along the longitudinal horizontal axis.

According to one embodiment, the front surface curves smoothly from the rearmost point to the leftmost point and from the rearmost point to the rightmost point.

According to one embodiment, the line normal to the front surface at the rearmost point and the line normal to the front surface at the leftmost point define an angle projected onto a horizontal plane parallel to the transverse horizontal axis and parallel to the longitudinal horizontal axis, and the angle is at least 15 °.

According to one embodiment, the rearmost point is in a vertical plane parallel to the vertical axis and parallel to the longitudinal horizontal axis, and the front surface is symmetrical on the vertical plane.

According to one embodiment, the sensor is located entirely between the leftmost point and the rightmost point along the lateral horizontal axis.

Claims (15)

1. A sensor assembly, comprising:

a housing mountable to a vehicle; and

a sensor mounted to the housing on top of the housing;

the housing includes a front panel;

the front panel includes a front surface on an exterior of the housing;

the front surface is concave along a vertical axis and concave along a horizontal axis orthogonal to the vertical axis; and is also provided with

The front surface is wider than the sensor along the horizontal axis.

2. The sensor assembly of claim 1, wherein the sensor is cylindrical and defines an axis parallel to the vertical axis.

3. The sensor assembly of claim 1, wherein the front surface is higher than the sensor along the vertical axis.

4. The sensor assembly of claim 1, wherein the horizontal axis is a lateral horizontal axis, the front surface includes an outer edge, the front surface includes a rearmost point along a longitudinal horizontal axis orthogonal to the lateral horizontal axis and to the vertical axis, and the rearmost point of the front surface is spaced apart from the outer edge of the front surface.

5. The sensor assembly of claim 4, wherein the outer edge of the front surface includes an extreme apex and an extreme bottom point along the vertical axis, and the extreme apex and the extreme bottom point are forward of the rearmost point along the longitudinal horizontal axis.

6. The sensor assembly of claim 5, wherein the front surface curves smoothly from the rearmost point to the topmost point and from the rearmost point to the bottommost point.

7. The sensor assembly of claim 5, wherein a line normal to the front surface at the rearmost point and a line normal to the front surface at the summit point define an angle projected onto a vertical plane parallel to the vertical axis and parallel to the longitudinal horizontal axis, and the angle is at least 15 ° and at most 35 °.

8. The sensor assembly of claim 5, wherein a line normal to the front surface at the rearmost point and a line normal to the front surface at the bottommost point define an angle projected onto a vertical plane parallel to the vertical axis and parallel to the longitudinal horizontal axis, and the angle is at least 15 ° and at most 35 °.

9. The sensor assembly of claim 5, wherein the sensor is located entirely above the topmost point along the vertical axis.

10. The sensor assembly of claim 4, wherein the outer edge of the front surface includes a leftmost point and a rightmost point along the lateral horizontal axis, and the leftmost point and the rightmost point are forward of the rearmost point along the longitudinal horizontal axis.

11. The sensor assembly of claim 10, wherein the front surface curves smoothly from the rearmost point to the leftmost point and from the rearmost point to the rightmost point.

12. The sensor assembly of claim 10, wherein a line normal to the front surface at the rearmost point and a line normal to the front surface at the leftmost point define an angle projected onto a horizontal plane parallel to the lateral horizontal axis and parallel to the longitudinal horizontal axis, and the angle is at least 15 ° and at most 35 °.

13. The sensor assembly of claim 12, wherein the rearmost point is in a vertical plane parallel to the vertical axis and parallel to the longitudinal horizontal axis, and the front surface is symmetrical on the vertical plane.

14. The sensor assembly of claim 10, wherein the sensor is located entirely between the leftmost point and the rightmost point along the lateral horizontal axis.

15. The sensor assembly of one of claims 1-14, wherein the housing includes a top panel to which the sensor is mounted, the top panel bordering the front panel and the front surface extending below the top panel.