CN116985371A - Preparation method of multi-element composite co-extrusion material with high interface strength - Google Patents
Preparation method of multi-element composite co-extrusion material with high interface strength Download PDFInfo
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 92
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- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 229920000831 ionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2009/00—Layered products
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a multielement composite co-extrusion material with high interfacial strength, which comprises the steps of drying a wood or bamboo surface base material, generating a uniformly distributed water mist film on the surface of the base material, absorbing water on the surface layer, and loosening the surface layer by instantaneous vaporization; then the mixture is introduced into a coextrusion die, an adhesive layer, a wood-plastic shell layer and a multifunctional modified plastic surface layer are sequentially coextruded on the surface, and finally the multielement composite coextrusion material is obtained after cooling and shaping. The multi-element composite co-extrusion material with high interface strength has stable structure, fundamentally changes three fatal defects of easy creep deformation, large brittleness and poor thermal stability of the wood-plastic composite material, simultaneously endows the wood-plastic composite material with new ageing resistance, wear resistance, scratch resistance, impact resistance and skid resistance, realizes the advantage complementation among all levels of materials, expands the application range of the wood-plastic composite material, and has very broad market prospect in the field of high added value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a multi-element composite co-extrusion material with high interface strength.
Background
Recently, a novel environment-friendly wood-plastic/wood composite co-extrusion material enters the field of vision of people, and has the advantages of high comprehensive performance, environmental friendliness, high cost performance and the like by virtue of the characteristics of light weight, high strength, creep resistance, no brittle fracture, high environmental friendliness, high performance requirements on environment friendliness, bearing capacity, water resistance, moisture resistance, corrosion resistance, moth resistance, weather resistance and the like of the material, and the environment-friendly wood-plastic/wood composite co-extrusion material has outstanding advantages, high market space in the billions and wide application prospect in the fields of high-quality doors and windows, building templates, large-span members, building parts, multifunctional walls, green buildings and the like.
However, with the continuous and deep popularization and application of wood-plastic/wood composite co-extrusion materials, it is found that some unresolved technical problems still exist at present to restrict the further development of such products, such as:
(1) In the existing wood-plastic/wood composite co-extrusion material, the wood-plastic composite material of the shell layer has the defects of ageing resistance, wear resistance, scratch resistance, impact resistance, skid resistance and the like, so that the product of the wood-plastic composite material cannot meet the conditions of practical application.
(2) The wood surface has higher polarity, the polyolefin enriched on the polyolefin wood-plastic surface has hydrophobicity, the polyolefin is incompatible with the hydrophobic, and the wood-plastic shell layer and the wood core layer in the wood-plastic/wood composite co-extrusion material are bonded together only by means of physical hinging, so that stronger covalent bond and hydrogen bond acting force are not formed. Because the thermal expansion coefficients of the wood-plastic shell layer and the wood core layer are greatly different, the product is subjected to the effects of great fluctuation of ambient temperature and humidity and long-term dynamic load in the practical application process, the cracking and interfacial peeling of the wood-plastic shell layer are easily caused, and the service life of the wood-plastic/wood composite co-extrusion material is greatly shortened.
(3) Natural defects (knots, gums, streaks, scars, etc.) on the surface of wood cause local differences in surface properties, which tend to cause unstable flow of the wood-plastic melt when compounded with the wood-plastic melt in a coextrusion die, greatly limiting the extrusion rate of the wood-plastic/wood composite coextrusion material, making it very remote from the high-speed extrusion targets of the industrialization scale.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one defect of the prior art and provides a preparation method of a multi-element composite co-extrusion material with high interface strength.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of a multi-element composite co-extrusion material with high interface strength, which sequentially comprises a multifunctional modified plastic surface layer, a wood-plastic shell layer, an adhesive layer, a wood or bamboo core layer from outside to inside, and comprises the following steps:
1) Drying the base material in the depth of 1-2 mm of the wood or bamboo surface layer until the water content is lower than 0.5%;
2) Generating a uniformly distributed water mist film with the thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm on the surface of the dried wood or bamboo by utilizing an atomizer, and enabling the surface layer to absorb water;
3) Instantaneously vaporizing moisture on the surface layer of the wood or the bamboo to loosen the surface layer of the wood or the bamboo;
4) Introducing into a coextrusion die, coating an adhesive on the surface of wood or bamboo in a coextrusion mode, adding a wood-plastic shell material and a multifunctional modified plastic surface layer material for composite coextrusion, and cooling to obtain a multi-element composite coextrusion material;
the adhesive consists of 50-80 parts by mass of polyolefin matrix, 5-30 parts by mass of adhesive polymer, 15-25 parts by mass of thermoplastic elastomer and a proper amount of heat stabilizer, and the melt index of the adhesive at 190 ℃/2.16kg is 2-10 g/10min.
In some examples, the melt index of the multifunctional modified plastic skin layer at 190 ℃/2.16kg is 0.01-5 g/10min.
In some examples, in the step 1), the substrate in the depth of 1-2 mm of the wood or bamboo surface layer is quickly dried to the water content of less than 0.5% in 10-55 seconds by using an infrared dryer.
In some examples, the multifunctional modified plastic surface layer is composed of 60 to 85 parts by mass of polyolefin matrix, 10 to 25 parts by mass of ionic polymer, 4 to 15 parts by mass of thermoplastic elastomer, 0.5 to 5 parts by mass of nano metal oxide, 0.1 to 0.5 part by mass of antioxidant and 0.1 to 1.0 part by mass of ultraviolet absorber.
In some examples, the interfacial bond strength between the wood or bamboo core layer and the wood-plastic shell layer in the multi-component composite co-extruded material is not less than 2.5Mpa.
In some examples, the interfacial bond strength of the wood-plastic shell layer and the multifunctional modified plastic surface layer is not less than 2.0MPa.
In some examples, the thickness error of the wood-plastic shell layer in the multi-component composite co-extruded material is less than 0.2mm.
In some examples, in the step 3), the moisture on the surface layer of the wood or the bamboo is vaporized within 0.1-1.0 seconds by utilizing microwave treatment.
In some examples, the adhesive layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.8 and mm and the wood-plastic shell has a thickness of 1.5 to 4.0 and mm.
In some examples, the thickness of the multifunctional modified plastic skin layer is 0.5-1.5 mm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The multi-element composite co-extrusion material with high interface strength is prepared by compounding a high-performance multifunctional modified plastic surface layer, a wood-plastic shell layer, an adhesive layer and a wood or bamboo core layer in a co-extrusion molding mode. Wherein the multifunctional modified plastic surface layer is the skin of the composite material, and provides excellent anti-aging, wear-resistant, scratch-resistant, impact-resistant, anti-skid and decorative performances for the composite material; the wood-plastic shell layer is a 'flesh' of the composite material, so that the composite material has certain hardness, strength and protective rigidity, and simultaneously, the environment-friendly and economic characteristics of the composite material are endowed; the light high-strength wood or bamboo core layer is used as a framework to provide the composite material with high enough strength, toughness and creep resistance, thereby fundamentally changing three fatal defects of easy creep, large brittleness and poor thermal stability of the wood-plastic composite material. The three parts have complementary advantages, and the application range of the wood-plastic composite material is widened, so that the wood-plastic composite material has very broad market prospect in the field of high added value.
2) The invention can accurately control the water quantity entering the wood or bamboo surface layer, ensure the loosening effect during the subsequent microwave treatment, and ensure that the water content of the wood or bamboo surface layer after the microwave treatment is basically consistent with the water content inside the wood or bamboo surface layer without affecting the use effect of the subsequent adhesive, thereby greatly improving the production stability and efficiency of the multi-element composite co-extrusion material and meeting the industrial production requirement;
3) The rapid infiltration capacity of the adhesive in the wood or bamboo is improved by loosening the wood or bamboo surface layer, so that the purposes of improving the interface bonding performance and the production efficiency are achieved;
4) The centering effect of the wood or bamboo in the multi-element composite co-extrusion material is improved, so that the product has more excellent structural stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a detailed dimensional view of the multi-component composite coextruded material prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a detailed dimensional plot of the multi-component composite coextruded material prepared in comparative example 4.
Detailed Description
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different aspects of the invention.
A preparation method of a multielement composite co-extrusion material with high interface strength sequentially carries out four technological processes of wood or bamboo surface layer loosening, wood or bamboo three-step centering treatment, multilayer composite co-extrusion in a mould and cooling shaping, and comprises the following specific contents:
wood or bamboo surface layer loosening process:
1) And (3) using one or more infrared dryers connected in series to enable the substrate in the depth of 1-2 mm of the wood or bamboo surface layer to be quickly dried within 10-55 seconds until the water content is lower than 0.5%. Wherein, the covering length of single infrared dryer is 0.5m, and the greater the wood or bamboo timber top layer density, the more the infrared dryer quantity that needs to be used in series, cooperation debugging timber or bamboo timber feed rate makes the time of drying extension.
2) And (3) generating uniformly distributed 0.1-0.5 mm thick water mist films on the surfaces of the wood or bamboo wood by using one or more atomizers connected in series, and enabling a part of water to quickly enter the drying layer 1) along a water channel in the wood or bamboo wood cells, and forming gradient distribution conditions with high surface water content and low internal water content in the layer. The covering length of a single atomizer is 0.3m, the higher the surface density of the wood or bamboo wood, the more the number of atomizers which are required to be used in series, the longer the time for the moisture to infiltrate the inside of the wood or bamboo wood is by matching with the adjustment of the feeding speed of the wood or bamboo wood, and the more obvious the gradient distribution effect of the moisture content is.
3) Vaporizing 2) the moisture in the depth of 1-2 mm on the surface layer of the wood or the bamboo material in 0.1-1.0 seconds by using high-power microwaves of 24 kw. In the moisture channel of wood or bamboo cells, the internal vaporization water is hindered by the flowing of liquid water and surface water fog film in the channel, and the effect of blasting wall layer appears, thereby achieving the purpose of surface layer loosening.
The three-step centering treatment process of the wood or the bamboo comprises the following steps:
1) The crawler tractor with the concave modules is used as a conveying device of wood or bamboo, so that the first centering treatment of the wood or the bamboo is realized. The width direction dimension of the module concave shape pressed by the upper crawler belt and the lower crawler belt is consistent with the section width of the wood or the bamboo wood, so that the left-right swing of the wood or the bamboo wood in the horizontal direction is limited; the whole lower crawler belt can be fixed at the upper and lower positions along the four columns fixed on the base, so as to restrict the wood or bamboo to be at the vertical position.
2) At the front end of the wood or bamboo material feeding port of the co-extrusion die, a horizontal and vertical forced guide roller is used for carrying out second centering treatment on the wood or bamboo material, and the effect of eliminating the negative influence of the original stress and the hygroscopic deformation of the wood or bamboo material on the centering effect is achieved by combining the heating process of the front section.
3) In the inner cavity of the wood or bamboo material feeding port of the co-extrusion die, the horizontal and vertical embedded centering rollers with spring pressure correction systems are used for carrying out third centering treatment on the wood or bamboo material, and the effect of eliminating the negative influence on the centering effect when each side of the wood or bamboo material suffers from uneven melt pressure in the later multi-layer compounding stage is achieved.
The multilayer composite coextrusion process in the die comprises the following steps:
and (3) sequentially completing the coextrusion lamination of the adhesive layer, the coextrusion lamination of the wood-plastic shell layer and the coextrusion lamination of the multifunctional modified plastic surface layer in a coextrusion die after the three-step centering treatment.
Finally, the formed multi-element composite co-extrusion material is cooled and shaped in a cold die to finish the preparation of the multi-element composite co-extrusion material with high interface strength.
Example 1:
the core part adopts the surface layer with the density of 0.42g/cm 3 Is a poplar Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL). In the surface layer loosening process, a single infrared dryer is selected for surface layer drying, a single atomizer is used for surface layer moisture infiltration, and the feeding speed of LVL is adjusted to be 2.0 m/min in a matching manner, so that the drying time of LVL in a dryer area is 15 seconds, and the moisture infiltration time of the atomizer area is 9 seconds. The instantaneous vaporization 'explosion' of the surface layer is completed within 0.5 seconds by using high-power microwaves of 24kw, so as to achieve the purpose of loosening the surface layer.
And sequentially completing the adhesive layer coextrusion composition, the wood-plastic shell coextrusion composition and the multifunctional modified plastic surface layer coextrusion composition in a coextrusion die by the LVL subjected to three-step centering treatment. Firstly, adding the granulated adhesive particles into a hopper of a GMGJ-25 single screw extruder, melting by a screw barrel, and then carrying out LVL composite coextrusion, wherein the feeding amount is controlled to be 5.0+/-0.1 kg/hour, and the thickness of an adhesive coextrusion layer is 0.2mm; the adhesive comprises the following components: 70 parts by mass of high density polyethylene (HDPE, model 5000S), 10 parts by mass of carboxyl ternary vinyl chloride-acetate copolymer (model Han Hua TP-400M), 10 parts by mass of ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (model Dow 3002), 9.5 parts by mass of modified styrene-based elastomer (melt index: about 480g/10min (190 ℃/2.16 kg)) and 0.5 part by mass of calcium zinc heat stabilizer (model CZ-70), the melt index of the adhesive system being about 3.5g/10min (190 ℃/2.16 kg).
Then adding the granulated wood-plastic particles into a hopper of a SJZ65/132 anisotropic conical double-screw main extruder, melting by a screw barrel, and carrying out composite coextrusion with adhesive coated LVL, wherein the feeding amount is 97.5+/-0.5 kg/h, and the thickness of a wood-plastic coextrusion layer is 3.0mm; the wood plastic comprises the following components: 50 parts by mass of HDPE (model 5000S), 45 parts by mass of poplar powder, 3 parts by mass of maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin (MAPE) and 2 parts by mass of PA03 lubricant.
Finally, adding the granulated multifunctional modified plastic particles into a hopper of a GMGJ-35 single screw extruder, melting by a screw barrel, and carrying out composite coextrusion with LVL coated by a wood plastic-adhesive, wherein the feeding amount is 22.5+/-0.2 kg/h, and the thickness of the surface layer of the multifunctional modified plastic is 0.8mm; the composition formula of the multifunctional modified plastic surface layer is as follows: the melt index of the surface layer of the multifunctional modified plastic is about 1.2g/10min (190 ℃/2.16 kg) from 70 parts by mass of HDPE (model 100S), 15 parts by mass of an ionomer (model Surlyn 9910), 12 parts by mass of a thermoplastic elastomer SEPS (model I480 DT-A01), 2 parts by mass of nano titanium dioxide (model AEROXIDE P25), 0.5 parts by mass of an antioxidant (model Irganox B215) and 0.5 parts by mass of an ultraviolet absorber (model Tinuvin 326).
The multi-element composite co-extrusion material is cooled and shaped in a cold die, the overall cross section size of the prepared multi-element composite co-extrusion material is 122mm multiplied by 30mm (length multiplied by width), and the detailed size distribution of each layer is shown in figure 1.
Example 2:
the core part adopts the surface layer with the density of 0.65g/cm 3 Bamboo laminate (GLB). In the surface layer loosening process, two infrared dryers are selected to be connected in series for surface layer drying, and two atomizers are connected in series for surface layer moisture infiltration, so that the water yield of a single atomizer is reduced, and the total amount of moisture entering the GLB is the same as that in the embodiment 1. The feeding speed of GLB is adjusted to be 2.0 m/min, so that the drying time of GLB in a dryer area is 30 seconds, and the moisture infiltration time of an atomizer area is 18 seconds. Other preparation processes were the same as in example 1.
Example 3:
the core part adopts the surface layer with the density of 0.42g/cm 3 Is a poplar Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL). In the surface layer loosening process, two infrared dryers are selected to carry out surface layer drying in series, so that the drying time of the LVL in a dryer area is 30 seconds. Other preparation processes are the same as those of the actual onesExample 1 is the same.
Example 4:
the core part adopts the surface layer with the density of 0.42g/cm 3 Is a poplar Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL). In the surface layer loosening process, two atomizers are selected for surface layer moisture infiltration, so that the moisture infiltration time of the LVL in the atomizer area is 18 seconds. Other preparation processes were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1:
the core part adopts the surface layer with the density of 0.42g/cm 3 Is a poplar Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL). The LVL is not subjected to the surface layer loosening process, and the adhesive layer coextrusion compounding, the wood-plastic shell coextrusion compounding and the multifunctional modified plastic surface layer coextrusion compounding are completed in sequence in a coextrusion die. Other preparation processes were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2:
the core part adopts the surface layer with the density of 0.42g/cm 3 Is a poplar Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL). And mechanically loosening the LVL base material within the depth of 1-2 mm by using a gear roller cutter, and then introducing the LVL base material into a co-extrusion die to sequentially finish the co-extrusion compounding of the adhesive layer, the wood-plastic shell layer and the surface layer of the multifunctional modified plastic. Other preparation processes were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3:
the core part adopts the surface layer with the density of 0.42g/cm 3 Is a poplar Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL). The composition formula of the adhesive is changed into: 85 parts by mass of high-density polyethylene (HDPE model 5000S), 5 parts by mass of carboxyl ternary vinyl chloride-acetate copolymer (model Han Hua TP-400M), 9.5 parts by mass of ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (model Dow 3002) and 0.5 part by mass of calcium zinc heat stabilizer (model CZ-70), the melt index of the adhesive system being about 1.5g/10min (190 ℃/2.16 kg). Other preparation processes were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4:
the core part adopts the surface layer with the density of 0.42g/cm 3 Is a poplar Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL). The wood plastic/LVL co-extrusion composite material without an adhesive layer and a multifunctional modified plastic surface layer comprises the following shell wood plastic using formula: 50 parts by mass of HDPE (model 5000S), 45 parts by massPoplar powder, 3 parts by mass of maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin (MAPE) and 2 parts by mass of PA03 lubricant. The overall cross-sectional dimension of the prepared wood plastic/LVL coextrusion composite is 122mm×30mm (length×width), and the detailed size distribution is shown in fig. 2.
In the preparation process of the co-extrusion composite material, the granulated wood-plastic particles are added into a hopper of a SJZ65/132 anisotropic conical double-screw main extruder, melted by a screw barrel, and then combined with a core LVL in a co-extrusion die for coating forming, and then shaped in a cold die. The feeding speed of the LVL and the traction speed of the rear traction machine are regulated to be 0.6m/min, so that uniform extrusion is ensured.
Performance testing
In order to better illustrate the invention, the performance test is carried out on the multi-element composite coextrusion materials with high interface strength obtained by the embodiments, and the interface bonding performance, the dimensional stability, the ageing resistance, the surface wear resistance and the surface anti-skid performance are tested by adopting a standard test method in the industry, and meanwhile, the comparison is carried out by combining the comparative examples.
Interface binding performance test: and (3) sequentially carrying out gluing strength test on the wood plastic/wood or bamboo interface and the wood plastic/multifunctional modified plastic surface interface according to the standard GB/T17657. The coextrusion composite material was sawed into 50 mm. Times.50 mm. Times.30 mm (length. Times.width. Times.thickness) specimens, and the multifunctional modified plastic skin was planed with a circular ring milling cutter to form 1000mm 2 The round area is adhered to the fixture, and the interface gluing strength between the wood plastic and the multifunctional modified plastic surface layer is tested by using a universal mechanical testing machine; the test sample is continuously sliced into an internal wood-plastic shell layer by a ring-shaped milling cutter to form 1000mm 2 And (3) bonding the circular area with the fixture again, and testing the interface bonding strength between the wood plastic and the wood or bamboo by using a universal mechanical testing machine.
Dimensional stability test: the capped coextruded composites were subjected to a hot water immersion test with reference to GB/T17657. The specific test method is as follows:
1) 5 samples with the length of 100mm are cut along the length direction of the coextrusion composite material, are placed in a 50 ℃ oven for drying for more than 72 hours, and then are subjected to end sealing treatment by using the adhesives of the examples 1-4 or the comparative examples 1-2;
2) Soaking the end-capped sample in hot water at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, taking out the sample, and cooling the sample in deionized water at 25+/-2 ℃ for 15 minutes;
3) Finally, the sample is dried in an oven at 63 ℃ for 20 hours, and the thickness, width and length dimensions of the sample are measured after one cycle.
Examples and comparative examples the rate of change of volume was tested after 6 cycles of the test procedure.
Ageing resistance test: samples of 80mm by 12mm by 4mm (length by width by thickness) were taken from the coextruded layers of the coextruded composites and subjected to ultraviolet accelerated aging test with reference to ASTM G-154 standard set aging procedure. The aging process takes 12 h as a period, the sample is subjected to three stages of ultraviolet irradiation, spraying and condensation in one period, the damage of sunlight and temperature to the material in the daytime is simulated in the ultraviolet irradiation stage, the wavelength is set to 310 nm, and the irradiation intensity is set to 0.71W/m 2 The irradiation time was set at 8 h and the temperature was set at 60 ℃; the influence of rain on the material is simulated in the spraying stage, the spraying time is set to 15min, and the temperature is not controlled; the condensing stage simulates the influence of high humidity at night on materials, the humidity in the box reaches 100% by heating the water tank, the condensing time is 3.75 and h, and the temperature is set to be 50 ℃. And (3) carrying out uninterrupted cycle test, taking out a sample after aging 3000 h, and carrying out notch impact performance test according to the ASTM D256-02 standard to obtain the retention rate of impact strength.
Surface abrasion resistance test: with reference to standard ISO 7784.2, a test sample with the dimensions of 100mm multiplied by 122mm multiplied by 30mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by thickness) is cut along the length direction of the coextruding composite material, a round hole with the diameter of 6 mm is formed in the center of the test sample, the wear resistance performance of the material is tested on a JM-V type wearing instrument, and the wear value of the 180 # abrasive paper selected for the standard zinc plate is 82.7mg/500r. Before testing, scraping the residual materials around the sample and at the central hole by using a knife, blowing the surface of the sample by using a high-pressure air gun, wiping by using alcohol, airing, and weighing the initial mass M of the sample on a ten-thousandth balance 0 . During testing, the rotating speed of the turntable is set to be 60r/min, and the weight is 1000g. After the test is completed, the sample is blown out by a high-pressure air gun,weigh mass M of abraded sample on one ten thousandth balance 1 The sample abrasion value was calculated by the difference method.
Surface anti-skid property test: the surface anti-skid performance test is carried out by adopting a pendulum friction coefficient tester according to the reference standard GB/T24508 wood-plastic floor. Samples with dimensions 1000mm x 122mm x 30mm (length x width x thickness) were cut along the length of the coextruded composite, with a nominal slip length of 76 mm. And (3) carrying out zero setting by firstly swinging for 3 times before testing, and then spraying deionized water on the testing surface to form a continuous water film. The indoor temperature is kept to be 23+/-1 ℃ during testing, the humidity of the testing environment is 50+/-3%, 5 different points are selected for each sample to be tested, and the anti-slip value on the scale is recorded. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance test results Table
Wherein, the bonding strength 1 refers to the bonding strength between wood plastic/wood or wood plastic/bamboo interfaces, and the bonding strength 2 refers to the bonding strength between wood plastic/multifunctional modified plastic interfaces, and the unit of the bonding strength is MPa.
By comparing the results of the tests of the bonding strength and the volume change rate of the wood plastic/wood or wood plastic/bamboo interfaces of the composite co-extruded materials prepared in the examples 1, 2 and 1 and 4, it can be seen that the high-strength bonding of the polyolefin-based wood plastic composite material and the wood or bamboo interface can be realized by co-extruding the adhesive layer after the surface layer of the wood or bamboo is loosened, so that the structure of the multi-element composite material is more stable, and the sample shows lower volume change rate in a hot water soaking test.
By comparing the results of the wood plastic/wood or wood plastic/bamboo interface bonding strength test of the multi-element composite co-extruded materials prepared in example 1, example 2, example 3 and example 4, it can be seen that the wood or bamboo surface layer loosening process has a larger influence on the wood plastic/wood or wood plastic/bamboo interface bonding strength, and the higher the wood or bamboo surface layer density is, the longer the surface layer drying time and the moisture infiltration time are required for loosening. However, excessive drying to increase the depth of the dried layer and excessive moisture to infiltrate the wood or bamboo surface layer during atomization can reduce the interface bonding strength, thereby reducing the structural stability of the multi-element composite material.
As can be seen from a comparison of the results of the wood-plastic/LVL interface bonding strength test of the multi-element composite co-extruded materials prepared in the examples 1 and 2, the mechanical loosening of the surface layer of the wood or bamboo substrate by the gear roller blade can damage the cellular structure of the wood or bamboo substrate, so that the bonding strength of the bonded wood-plastic/wood or wood-plastic/bamboo interface is reduced.
As can be seen from the comparative study of the wood-plastic/LVL interface bonding strength test results of the multi-element composite co-extruded materials prepared in the examples 1 and 3, the melt index of the adhesive system has a larger influence on the wood-plastic/wood or wood-plastic/bamboo interface bonding strength, and the lower the melt index is, the poorer the effect of penetrating the adhesive melt into the wood or bamboo is, so that the lower the wood-plastic/wood or wood-plastic/bamboo interface bonding strength is. Under the condition of meeting the coextrusion process, the melt index of the adhesive at 190 ℃/2.16kg needs to be controlled between 2 and 10 g/10min.
As can be seen from the study on the interface bonding strength of the wood plastic/multifunctional modified plastic surface layers of the multi-element composite co-extrusion materials prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3, the wood plastic composite material of the multifunctional plastic surface layer and the shell layer prepared by the invention has excellent interface bonding performance, and the bonding strength is not less than 2.0MPa.
As can be seen from comparative studies on the ageing resistance test, the surface wear resistance test and the surface anti-slip property test of the multi-element composite co-extruded materials prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 and the composite co-extruded material prepared in comparative example 4, the multifunctional modified plastic surface layer provides excellent ageing resistance, wear resistance, skid resistance and decoration properties for the multi-element composite co-extruded material.
The above description of the present invention is further illustrated in detail and should not be taken as limiting the practice of the present invention. It is within the scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art to make simple deductions or substitutions without departing from the concept of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the multi-element composite co-extrusion material with high interface strength is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Drying the base material in the depth of 1-2 mm of the wood or bamboo surface layer until the water content is lower than 0.5%;
2) Generating a uniformly distributed water mist film with the thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm on the surface of the dried wood or bamboo by utilizing an atomizer, and enabling the surface layer to absorb water;
3) Instantaneously vaporizing moisture on the surface layer of the wood or the bamboo to loosen the surface layer of the wood or the bamboo;
4) Introducing into a coextrusion die, coating an adhesive on the surface of wood or bamboo in a coextrusion mode, adding a wood-plastic shell material and a multifunctional modified plastic surface layer material for composite coextrusion, and cooling to obtain a multi-element composite coextrusion material;
the adhesive consists of 50-80 parts by mass of polyolefin matrix, 5-30 parts by mass of adhesive polymer, 15-25 parts by mass of thermoplastic elastomer and a proper amount of heat stabilizer, and the melt index of the adhesive at 190 ℃/2.16kg is 2-10 g/10min.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the melt index of the multifunctional modified plastic surface layer at 190 ℃/2.16kg is 0.01-5 g/10min.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the substrate having a depth of 1-2 mm on the surface layer of wood or bamboo is rapidly dried to a water content of less than 0.5% in 10-55 seconds by using an infrared dryer.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the multifunctional modified plastic surface layer is composed of 60 to 85 parts by mass of polyolefin matrix, 10 to 25 parts by mass of ionic polymer, 4 to 15 parts by mass of thermoplastic elastomer, 0.5 to 5 parts by mass of nano metal oxide, 0.1 to 0.5 part by mass of antioxidant and 0.1 to 1.0 part by mass of ultraviolet absorber.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the interfacial bonding strength between the wood or bamboo core layer and the wood-plastic shell layer in the multi-component composite co-extrusion material is not less than 2.5Mpa.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bonding strength between the wood-plastic shell and the multifunctional modified plastic surface layer is not less than 2.0MPa.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickness error of the wood-plastic shell in the multi-component composite co-extruded material is less than 0.2mm.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the vaporization process is to vaporize the moisture on the surface layer of the wood or bamboo material within 0.1 to 1.0 seconds by using microwave treatment.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.8 and mm and the wood-plastic shell has a thickness of 1.5 to 4.0 and mm.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the multifunctional modified plastic surface layer is 0.5 to 1.5. 1.5 mm.
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