CN116984668B - Coupling bionic end mill - Google Patents
Coupling bionic end mill Download PDFInfo
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- CN116984668B CN116984668B CN202311179175.9A CN202311179175A CN116984668B CN 116984668 B CN116984668 B CN 116984668B CN 202311179175 A CN202311179175 A CN 202311179175A CN 116984668 B CN116984668 B CN 116984668B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
- B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a coupling bionic end mill, which comprises a handle, a core and a cutting part, wherein the peripheral cutting tooth rake face consists of a first rake face, a second rake face, a third rake face and a first transition arc, the first rake face is determined by an arc A1 and a chord length L1, the second rake face is determined by a straight line L2, the third rake face is determined by an arc A2 and a chord length L3, the radial section of the peripheral cutting tooth rake face is of a convex-straight line-concave circular structure, the radial section of the rear cutter face is of a straight line type, the cutting part is trisected into a first part, a second part and a third part, the helix angle of the first part is 44-42 degrees, the helix angle of the second part is 42-39 degrees, and the helix angle of the third part is 39-34 degrees. The coupling bionic end mill has the characteristics of small cutting force and convenience in cutting into workpieces, reduces or even eliminates vibration to a certain extent, improves transmission stability, increases chip flute area and chip removal volume, and is beneficial to chip discharge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical metal cutting and engineering bionics, in particular to a coupling bionical end mill.
Background
An end mill is the most commonly used type of milling cutter on a numerically controlled machine, and has cutting blades on both the cylindrical surface and the end face of the end mill, which can cut simultaneously or individually. The method is mainly used for plane milling, groove milling, step surface milling and profiling milling. The end mill can be used as a face mill, and the cutter stress is mainly radial force except the main cutting force, so that the deflection deformation of the cutter bar is easy to cause, and the vibration is easy to cause, thereby influencing the machining efficiency. The structure of the end mill has important effects on cutting forces, vibrations and temperature, and is a key factor in achieving efficient machining.
With the advent of bionics, students have found that in nature living teeth or claw toes have excellent biological morphology, they have sharp external structures, they can cut objects with greater hardness, and the external morphology of living teeth provides a reference structure for the design of turning tools.
The cap shell is a mollusk which mainly inhabits on rocks at the bank, and the cap shell can drill an annular low-lying area on the rock surface as a habitat by virtue of a tooth tongue structure and a row of teeth carried by the tooth tongue when eating. Unlike rodents, which are mainly used for cutting plant fibers, the teeth of cap shells are cut by hard rock, and have a great similarity to the cutting state of an actual cutter. The cap Bei Yachi has excellent cutting performance mainly due to the unique appearance structure of the teeth, and the design of the bionic cutter front cutter surface is carried out by taking the inner outline as the front cutter surface by combining the characteristics of the inner outline curve structure of the teeth of the cap shell.
The leaves of a plant are in a very varied posture, and the order of the leaves (leaf order) of the plant on the stem or the order of other tissues on the plant is very regular. The arrangement mode of leaf sequence also strengthens the structural stability of plant when optimizing space utilization, when external force effect on the plant, the connected mode of leaf sequence can disperse strength for whole stem portion bears the distribution of power more even, makes the stem portion have more flexible response, slows down the transmission of vibration through bending and torsion of stem portion, makes it can adapt to the effect of external force and reduce vibration amplitude better.
In general, the plant phyllotaxis distribution law accords with the following number: 1/2, 1/3/, 2/5, 3/8 … …, i.e. the ratio of the number of leaves wound around the stem to the number of leaves, is fibonacci series (1,1,2,3,5,8, 13 … …, F k ，F k+1 ) Ratio between each. The spiral angle of the cutter spiral line is changed by utilizing the distribution rule of the plant leaves.
Bone structure is the result of millions of years of evolution and is considered one of the most effective structures, it is a "sandwich" structure consisting of cortical bone of the surface layer and multicellular cancellous bone of the core layer, this structure provides a supporting and protective framework for the body, and a good match between structure and performance is achieved through coordination and optimization on a multi-level scale. When the body is impacted, the skeletal structure relies on its unique configuration to absorb vibrational energy generated by the impact to protect the internal organs from injury. The sandwich structure has excellent vibration damping performance, and can effectively disperse and absorb external impact force, thereby minimizing adverse effects on the body. The bionic cutter is designed by combining the structural characteristics of bones.
Organisms on earth have undergone several hundred million years of evolution and natural selection, and optimization has resulted in a wide variety of biological materials, structures and morphologies exhibiting excellent functional properties. The adaptability of living beings to living environments is not only determined by a single factor, but a plurality of factors depend on each other and influence each other, and the living environments are coupled and coordinated through a proper mechanism so as to meet the adaptation requirements of living environments. Compared with unit bionics, the functional principle that the coupling bionics is closer to biology is a brand new bionics concept. The coupling bionics mainly show coordination and interaction among the bionical units, and finally the overall performance becomes more excellent.
The coupling bionic principle provides a new visual angle and method for the structural design and optimization of the cutter. By referring to the design and adaptability characteristics of the biological world, the cutting processing with higher efficiency, higher stability and higher precision is realized. The innovative method based on the coupling bionic principle is expected to promote the progress of cutter design and cutting process, and has more excellent results in the field of manufacturing industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coupling bionic end mill, which has the characteristics of small cutting force and convenience for cutting into a workpiece, and a cast iron core rod is added to absorb cutting vibration, so that the milling frequency is changed through the uneven distribution of a spiral blade to reduce the vibration of the cutter, the chip flute area and the chip removal volume are increased, and the chip discharge is facilitated.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a coupling bionic end mill, which comprises a handle, a core and a cutting part, wherein the core is made of gray cast iron, the cutting part is made of hard alloy, the gray cast iron consists of a carbon steel matrix and flake graphite, the cutting part comprises peripheral cutting teeth and chip flutes, the peripheral cutting teeth rake face consists of a first rake face, a second rake face, a third rake face and a first transition circular arc, the rear rake face is connected with the second transition circular arc, the first rake face is determined by a circular arc A1 and a chord length L1, the second front cutter surface is determined by a straight line L2, the third front cutter surface is determined by an arc A2 and a chord length L3, the radial section of the front cutter surface of the peripheral cutting tooth is of a convex-straight line-concave circular structure, the radial section of the rear cutter surface of the peripheral cutting tooth is of a straight line type, the chip flute comprises a main flute and an auxiliary flute, the auxiliary flute protrudes upwards to be connected with the rear cutter surface in a straight line, the main flute is tangent to the auxiliary flute, the cutting part is divided into a first part, a second part and a third part in a trisection mode, the helix angle of the first part is 44-42 degrees, the helix angle of the second part is 42-39 degrees, and the helix angle of the third part is 39-34 degrees.
Preferably, the peripheral cutting tooth count is 4.
Preferably, the radius of the circular arc A1 of the radial section of the peripheral cutting tooth rake face is 1.6-2.6mm, the chord length L1 is 0.4-0.6mm, the length of the straight line L2 is 0.1-0.3mm, the radius of the circular arc A2 is 2.5-3.5mm, and the chord length L3 is 0.8-1.2mm.
Preferably, the end mill has a diameter D, the end mill has an inside diameter D, the core has a diameter D1, D > D1 and 0.6D < 0.4D.
Preferably, the first rake face forms a first rake angle γ of 5 ° to 13 °.
The coupling bionic end mill has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the bionic end mill is easy to cut into a workpiece, reduces cutting force in the cutting process, gradually reduces the helix angle of the cutter along with the increase of the cutting depth, and increases the chip flute area and the chip removal volume. Along with the cutting, the structure ensures that the pulse time between milling forces is different, avoids the generation of resonance phenomenon, reduces vibration to a certain extent and improves the transmission stability.
2. The bionic end mill body structure has excellent vibration absorption capacity, ensures necessary rigidity, and is beneficial to reducing vibration in the cutting process, so that the processing stability and the processing surface quality are improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a coupled bionic end mill according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic radial cross-section of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 at A;
FIG. 4 is a first rake angle schematic of a first rake surface in a coupled biomimetic end mill according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a variable helix angle blade line and an equal helix angle blade line;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a cutting portion structure in a coupled bionic end mill according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a microscopic view of cap Bei Yachi;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a bone structure;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a phyllotactic spiral structure.
Reference numerals
1. A handle; 2. a core; 3. chip-containing grooves; 4. a cutting portion; 5. a first transition arc; 6. a second transition arc; 7. a first rake surface; 8. a second rake surface; 9. a third rake surface; 10. an end mill interior; 11. a first portion; 12. a rear cutter surface; 13, changing a helical angle blade line; 14. equal helix angle edge line; 15. a second portion; 16. a third portion.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below through the attached drawings and the embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.
Examples
A coupling bionic end mill comprises a handle 1, a core 2 and a cutting part 4, wherein the cutting part 4 comprises peripheral cutting teeth and chip flutes 3, and the number of peripheral cutting teeth is 4 (shown in figure 1). The peripheral cutting tooth rake face is composed of a first rake face 7, a second rake face 8, a third rake face 9 and a first transition circular arc 5, a rear rake face 12 is connected with a second transition circular arc 6, the first rake face 7 is determined by a circular arc A1 and a chord length L1, the second rake face 8 is determined by a straight line L2, the third rake face 9 is determined by a circular arc A2 and a chord length L3, the radial section of the peripheral cutting tooth rake face is of a convex-straight line-concave circular structure, and the radial section of the rear rake face 12 is of a straight line type (as shown in fig. 3).
The tool can be used for cutting according to the metal cutting theory: compared with the traditional cutter, the peripheral cutting edge of the milling cutter is sharper due to the larger rake angle, the cutter is beneficial to cutting into a workpiece, and the curvature of the rake surface of the end mill is changed due to the existence of the first structural characteristic A1, the second characteristic L2 and the third characteristic A2 of the rake surface during cutting, so that the front cutter is in a 'changed rake angle' state during cutting. During the cutting process, the first segment of bionic convex curved surface structural feature, namely the first front cutter surface 7 structural feature A1, shows the sharp characteristic of the cap scallop teeth, and can effectively cut into a workpiece and start cutting, as shown in fig. 7. As the cutting proceeds, the working rake angle gradually increases. The resultant cutting force on the structure increases the deformation of the first deformation zone, and promotes the workpiece material to shear and slide. The second section bionic structure feature, namely the second rake face 8 feature L2 is of a linear structure, so that chips can be smoothly discharged backwards. Compared with the traditional cutter, the second section bionic structure has a larger front angle, can reduce the cutting resultant force on the structure and reduce the cutting force. The third segment of bionic structural feature, namely the third rake face 9 feature A2, presents a concave curved shape. The working rake angle is gradually reduced during cutting, thereby increasing the amount of deformation of the chip. Under the action of the cutting resultant force, the chip is promoted to bend, and finally separated from the cutter and broken. The bionic rake face structure presents wave-shaped changes, the micro-element resultant force of each geometrical structure is continuously changed, the internal stress fluctuation of a workpiece is aggravated, and the labor-saving effect is achieved.
The chip flute 3 comprises a main flute and an auxiliary flute, the auxiliary flute is upwards protruded and connected with the rear cutter face in a straight line, the main flute is tangential to the auxiliary flute, the core 2 is made of gray cast iron, the cutting part 4 is made of hard alloy, the gray cast iron consists of a carbon steel matrix and flake graphite, and the flake graphite is uniformly distributed in the carbon steel matrix. The cutter body core 2 adopts gray cast iron, the cutting part 4 adopts hard alloy, the bionic bone is of a sandwich structure, as shown in fig. 8, the outer side of the cutter body core is compact bone, the inner side of the cutter body core is multicellular cancellous bone, and the compact bone and the multicellular cancellous bone form a sandwich structure. The sandwich structure has excellent vibration damping performance and can effectively disperse and absorb external impact force. When in cutting, the internal structure of the cutter consists of a carbon steel matrix and flake graphite, and the flake graphite in the core 2 gray cast iron absorbs part vibration, and meanwhile, the internal vibration of the cutter body is used for disturbing the vibration frequency of external cutting force, so that the vibration of the cutter is eliminated. The end mill has good vibration damping performance.
The radius of the circular arc A1 of the radial section of the peripheral cutting tooth rake face is 1.6-2.6mm, the chord length L1 is 0.4-0.6mm, the length of the straight line L2 is 0.1-0.3mm, the radius of the circular arc A2 is 2.5-3.5mm, and the chord length L3 is 0.8-1.2mm.
The end mill has a diameter D, the end mill interior 10 has a diameter D, the core 2 has a diameter D1, D > D1 and 0.6D < 0.4D, as shown in fig. 2. While ensuring the overall rigidity and sufficient chip holding space, vibration at the time of cutting processing is suppressed.
The helix angle of the end mill increases from the tail of the helix to the end tooth, with the helix angle being greatest at the top of the helix. The first transition arc 5 of the peripheral cutting tooth rake face and the peripheral surface of the cutting part 4 are intersected to form a peripheral edge, and the helix angle of the peripheral edge gradually decreases from the end part to the tail part. The cutting portion is trisected into a first portion 11, a second portion 15, and a third portion 16, the helix angle of the first portion 11 is 44 ° to 42 °, the helix angle of the second portion 15 is 42 ° to 39 °, and the helix angle of the third portion 16 is 39 ° to 34 °, as shown in fig. 6. According to the bionic phyllotaxis distribution theory, as shown in fig. 9, the cutting part is trisected, so that the helix angle of the cutter is gradually changed.
As shown in fig. 4, the first rake surface 7 forms a first rake angle γ of 5 ° to 13 °. In the milling process, the cutting tool can be sharper by increasing the rake angle, so that the deformation of a cutting layer in a workpiece and the friction resistance in the cutting process are reduced, the cutting force and the cutting temperature are generally reduced, and the accumulated hemlock can be restrained or eliminated. However, the continuous increase of the rake angle can reduce the heat dissipation area of the milling cutter, and the cutting chips are not easy to flow out, so that the temperature of the milling cutter is rapidly increased, the abrasion is accelerated, and the service life is reduced. The front angle selection range is comprehensively considered to be 5-13 degrees.
During cutting, vibrations are generated by the interaction between the tool and the workpiece, which vibrations are transmitted to the tool body of the tool. The bionic end mill body structure has enough energy absorption and durability. The bionic 'sandwich' structure has excellent vibration damping performance and can effectively disperse and absorb external impact force. Which helps to reduce vibrations during cutting and thereby improve machining stability and machining surface quality. The end mill teeth are designed with a biomimetic variable helix angle edge line 13, meaning that the helix angle of the teeth varies across the face. Tangential force generated in the cutting process can be effectively dispersed, and vibration of the cutter is reduced. Compared with the conventional equal-helix angle blade line 14, the end mill with the bionic variable-helix angle blade line 13 is smoother in the cutting process, reduces the vibration amplitude caused by uneven tangential force, and improves the machining precision and the surface finish (as shown in fig. 5). The bionic rake face can reduce cutting force, so that the stress of the cutter can be reduced, and the service life of the cutter can be prolonged; secondly, reducing the cutting force helps to reduce vibration of the workpiece and the tool, and improves the stability and surface quality of machining.
The coupling bionic end mill has the advantages that the coupling bionic end mill has the synergistic effect, compared with unit bionics, the coupling bionic end mill has better beneficial effect, and the cutting performance of the cutter is greatly improved. The coupling bionic end mill absorbs energy through vibration of the cutter body in the cutting process, the design of the variable spiral blade line and the optimization of the front cutter surface are realized, and finally the aims of reducing cutter vibration, reducing cutting force, and improving machining stability and machining surface quality are achieved. The coupling bionic end mill has the advantages that the coupling bionic end mill has the synergistic effect, compared with unit bionics, the coupling bionic end mill has better beneficial effect, and the cutting performance of the cutter is greatly improved. The innovative method based on the coupling bionic principle is expected to promote the progress of cutter design and cutting process, and has more excellent results in the field of manufacturing industry.
The front cutter face, the sandwich structure and the gradual change spiral parameters of the end mill can be respectively adjusted, and the cutting edge strength, the labor-saving performance and the vibration reduction performance of the cutter are coordinated and ensured according to different processing working conditions.
Therefore, the coupling bionic end mill has the characteristics of large cutting force and convenience in cutting into workpieces, reduces or even eliminates vibration to a certain extent, improves transmission stability, increases chip flute area and chip removal volume, and is beneficial to chip discharge.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting it, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical scheme of the invention can be modified or replaced by the same, and the modified technical scheme cannot deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A coupling bionic end mill, characterized in that: the cutting part comprises a peripheral cutting tooth and a chip flute, the peripheral cutting tooth rake face consists of a first rake face, a second rake face, a third rake face and a first transitional arc, the rear rake face is connected with the second transitional arc, the first rake face is determined by an arc A1 and a chord length L1, the second rake face is determined by a straight line L2, the third rake face is determined by an arc A2 and a chord length L3, the radial section of the peripheral cutting tooth rake face is of a convex-straight line-concave structure, the radial section of the rear rake face is of a linear type, the chip flute comprises a main flute and an auxiliary flute, the auxiliary flute is connected with the rear rake face in a straight line, the main flute is tangent to the auxiliary flute, the cutting part is divided into a first part, a second part and a third part in a third part, the helix angle of the first part is 44 degrees to the helix angle of the third part is 39 degrees to the helix angle of the third part is 39 degrees to the third part of the first part is 42 degrees to 39 degrees.
2. The coupled biomimetic end mill according to claim 1, wherein: the peripheral cutting tooth number is 4.
3. The coupled biomimetic end mill according to claim 1, wherein: the radius of an arc A1 of the radial section of the peripheral cutting tooth rake face is 1.6-2.6mm, the chord length L1 is 0.4-0.6mm, the length of a straight line L2 is 0.1-0.3mm, the radius of the arc A2 is 2.5-3.5mm, and the chord length L3 is 0.8-1.2mm.
4. The coupled biomimetic end mill according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the end mill is D, the inner diameter of the end mill is D, the diameter of the core is D1, D is more than D1, and D is more than 0.6D and less than 0.4D.
5. The coupled biomimetic end mill according to claim 1, wherein: the first rake face forms a first rake angle gamma of 5-13 degrees.
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| CN115720536A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2023-02-28 | 住友电工硬质合金株式会社 | Rotary cutting tool |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL123794A (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 2000-11-21 | Hanita Metal Works Ltd | Milling cutter |
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2023
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0871831A (en) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-03-19 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | End mill |
| JP2004122281A (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-22 | Toshiba Tungaloy Co Ltd | End mill |
| CN101234438A (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2008-08-06 | 刘�英 | Straight channel and spiral cut milling cutter of hook angle structure |
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