CN116979659B - Sodium ion battery and electric vehicle - Google Patents

Sodium ion battery and electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116979659B
CN116979659B CN202311188425.5A CN202311188425A CN116979659B CN 116979659 B CN116979659 B CN 116979659B CN 202311188425 A CN202311188425 A CN 202311188425A CN 116979659 B CN116979659 B CN 116979659B
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battery
switch
external
electrode terminal
capacitor
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CN116979659A (en
Inventor
俞益君
陈建
陈冬
陶腾韬
邹磊
曾一洲
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Zhejiang Huayu Nadian New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Zhejiang Huayu Nadian New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • H02J7/0045—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/1566—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with means for compensating against rapid load changes, e.g. with auxiliary current source, with dual mode control or with inductance variation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a sodium ion battery and an electric vehicle, which comprise an inductor, a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the inductor is provided with a first end and a second end which are electrically connected with the positive end of the battery; the second end of the inductor is electrically connected with an external positive end through a first switch; the second end of the inductor is electrically connected with an external negative end through a second switch; the external negative terminal is electrically connected with a battery negative terminal; a first capacitor is arranged between the positive electrode end of the battery and the negative electrode end of the battery; a second capacitor is arranged between the external positive terminal and the external negative terminal. Aiming at the prior art, the voltage lifting and protecting combined circuit, the sodium ion battery and the electric vehicle, which are applied to the battery, have the advantages of simplifying the circuit, improving the energy utilization efficiency, improving the capacity utilization rate of the sodium ion battery, reducing the cost of the battery, realizing bidirectional flow, having the original charge and discharge characteristics of the battery and improving the inherent output characteristic difference of the ion battery.

Description

Sodium ion battery and electric vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sodium ion battery packs, in particular to a sodium ion battery and an electric vehicle.
Background
The current sodium battery has larger difference between charging and discharging voltage and the traditional 48V lead-acid and lithium battery system, is not in accordance with the consistency, has larger difference between charging and discharging characteristics of the battery and the traditional 48V battery output, has low discharge cut-off voltage, needs a special charger and a controller for matching use, has strong specificity and high cost, has uncontrollable charging and discharging voltage and current of the battery, and has the problems of circulation and the like in the parallel use of multiple groups. In the prior art, for example, the Chinese patent publication number CN116169881A discloses a BUCK_BOOST circuit and an inverter circuit, which are controlled by a controller to complementarily turn on or off a first switching device and a second switching device, so that soft on and soft off of each switching device are controlled, and the switching loss of the circuit is reduced on the basis of improving the switching frequency. For another example, the Chinese patent with publication number CN103501036B discloses a lithium battery charge-discharge control circuit, solves the technical problem of mismatching of a voltage platform between a lithium battery and a load or a charging device, and belongs to the technical field of battery control circuits. The method is characterized in that: one end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the battery and the negative electrode terminal respectively; the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the negative electrode of the battery through a second switch respectively and is connected with the positive electrode terminal through a first switch; the control module controls the on and off of the first switch and the second switch respectively through control signals; when the battery is discharged, the positive terminal is connected with the positive electrode of the load, and the negative terminal is connected with the negative electrode of the load; when the battery is charged, the positive terminal is connected with the positive electrode of the charging device, and the negative terminal is connected with the negative electrode of the charging device. The lithium battery realizes the boost discharge and the buck discharge of the lithium battery to the load, and the charging device has four working modes of boost charge and buck charge to the lithium battery, so that the voltage control is more flexible. The switch quantity is few, and simple structure conversion efficiency is high, reliable operation is with low costs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a voltage lifting and protecting combined circuit, a sodium ion battery and an electric vehicle, which are applied to the battery, aiming at the prior art, and are capable of simplifying the circuit, improving the energy utilization efficiency, improving the capacity utilization rate of the sodium ion battery, reducing the cost of the battery, bidirectionally flowing, having the original charge and discharge characteristics of the battery and improving the inherent output characteristic difference of the ion battery.
A voltage boosting and protection combination circuit applied to a battery, comprising: an inductor having a first terminal and a second terminal electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery; the second end of the inductor is electrically connected with an external positive end through a first switch; the second end of the inductor is electrically connected with an external negative end through a second switch; the external negative terminal is electrically connected with a battery negative terminal; a first capacitor is arranged between the positive electrode end of the battery and the negative electrode end of the battery; a second capacitor is arranged between the external positive electrode terminal and the external negative electrode terminal;
the measures adopted for optimizing the technical scheme further comprise a control mechanism capable of controlling the first switch and the second switch.
A first resistor and a second resistor which are connected in series are arranged between the external positive electrode terminal and the external negative electrode terminal in parallel with the second capacitor; a current signal path connected with the control mechanism is arranged on a current path between the first resistor and the second resistor; the BMS acquisition unit is electrically connected with the control mechanism.
A third resistor is provided in a current path between the battery negative electrode terminal and the external negative electrode terminal or between the battery positive electrode terminal and the external positive electrode terminal.
And a BMS-containing acquisition unit is arranged between the positive end of the battery and the negative end of the battery.
And a third switch controlled by the control mechanism is arranged on a charge-discharge current path between the battery negative electrode terminal and the first capacitor. The third switch may be provided in a charge/discharge current path between the positive electrode terminal of the battery and the first capacitor, in a charge/discharge current path between the external positive electrode terminal and the second capacitor, or in a charge/discharge current path between the external negative electrode terminal and the second capacitor.
The control mechanism comprises a current acquisition module for acquiring a third resistance current; and the first driving circuit and/or the second driving circuit are used for driving the first switch, the second switch and the third switch.
The invention also discloses a sodium ion battery which is provided with a battery pack, and the battery pack is provided with the voltage boosting and protecting combined circuit applied to the battery.
The invention also discloses an electric vehicle provided with the sodium ion battery.
The bidirectional DC/DC circuit is combined with the battery protection circuit, and the control circuit controls the action of the corresponding switch through the detection of the battery voltage and the output voltage based on the charge and discharge indication signal of the system BMS, so that the charge and discharge control is realized, the circuit structure is simplified, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved. Therefore, the invention has the advantages of simplifying the circuit, improving the energy utilization efficiency, improving the capacity utilization rate of the sodium ion battery, reducing the cost of the battery, being capable of bidirectionally flowing, having the original charge and discharge characteristics of the battery and improving the inherent output characteristic difference of the ion battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a discharge state according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a charge state diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a discharge state according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a charge state diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a discharge state according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a charge state diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a discharge state according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a charge state diagram of embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the discharge voltage versus time according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a bypass charging voltage versus time curve according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a graph showing the current-up charging voltage versus time according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below in connection with the following examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3 and 13 to 15, the voltage boosting and protecting combined circuit applied to a battery is characterized by comprising:
an inductor L1 having a first terminal and a second terminal electrically connected to the battery positive terminal b+;
the second end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected with an external positive end P+ through a first switch Q1;
the second end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected with an external negative end P-through a second switch Q2;
the external negative electrode terminal P-is electrically connected with a battery negative electrode terminal B-;
a first capacitor C1 is arranged between the battery positive electrode terminal B+ and the battery negative electrode terminal B-;
a second capacitor C2 is arranged between the external positive electrode terminal P+ and the external negative electrode terminal P-;
further, the control device 1 is provided to control the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2. The bidirectional DC/DC circuit is combined with the battery protection circuit, based on the system BMS charge and discharge indication signal, the control circuit controls the action of the corresponding switch through the detection of the battery voltage and the output voltage, the charge and discharge control is realized, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved while the circuit structure is simplified.
A first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 which are connected in series are arranged between the external positive electrode terminal P+ and the external negative electrode terminal P-in parallel with the second capacitor C2; a current signal path connected with the control mechanism 1 is arranged on a current path between the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2; the BMS acquisition unit U1 is electrically connected with the control mechanism 1. The electric signal between the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 and the signal of the BMS acquisition unit U1 are input into the control unit U2 of the control mechanism 1 for charge and discharge control decision.
A third resistor Rs1 is provided in the current path between the battery negative terminal B-and the external negative terminal P-. For feeding back a current sampling signal to the current sampling module U5 of the control mechanism 1.
A third resistor Rs1 is arranged on a current path between the positive electrode terminal B+ and the external positive electrode terminal P+. As another technical solution, the current sampling module U5 is configured to feed back a current sampling signal to the control mechanism 1. The two Rs1 may be alternatively arranged, and the electrical and physical quantities thereof should be adaptively adjusted and set on the control mechanism 1, which is not described herein.
A third switch Q3 controlled by the control mechanism 1 is arranged on the charge-discharge current path between the battery negative electrode terminal B-and the first capacitor C1.
The control mechanism 1 comprises a control unit which is provided with,
the current acquisition module U5 is used for acquiring the current of the third resistor Rs 1;
a first driving circuit U3 and/or a second driving circuit U4 for driving the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, and the third switch Q3.
And a BMS-containing acquisition unit U1 is arranged between the battery positive electrode end B+ and the battery negative electrode end B-.
A third switch Q3 controlled by the control mechanism 1 is arranged on the charge-discharge current path between the battery negative electrode terminal B-and the first capacitor C1.
In order to improve the applicability of the sodium battery, the bidirectional DC/DC circuit is combined with the battery protection circuit, and based on the charge and discharge indication signals of the system BMS, the control circuit controls the action of the corresponding switch through the detection of the battery voltage and the output voltage, so that the charge and discharge control is realized, the circuit structure is simplified, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.
The third switch Q3 is a discharging switch, the first switch Q1/the second switch Q2 is a switch of the Buck/Boost circuit, and meanwhile, the first switch Q1 is used as a charging control switch. The control mechanism 1 receives a signal from the BMS collection unit U1, instructs charge and discharge, and controls the switching tube according to the signal. The control circuit samples the battery voltage and the output voltage.
In a discharging state, when the battery voltage is greater than the minimum output voltage value required by an actual system, the first switch Q1 and the third switch Q3 are turned on, the second switch Q2 is turned off, and the current reaches a load through Q3-L1-Q1; the third switch Q3 is used as a discharge protection tube to control the discharge of the battery, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing the over discharge of the battery.
When the battery voltage is lower than the minimum output voltage required by the system and higher than the battery discharge cut-off voltage, the third switch Q3 is kept on, the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 work complementarily at high frequency, the voltage on the second capacitor C2 is the target output voltage, and the output voltage can be a constant value set value higher than the battery voltage; the current is boosted through high-frequency switching of Q3-L1-Q2/Q1, and the target voltage output reaches a load; the third switch Q3 is used as a discharge protection tube to control the discharge of the battery, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing the over discharge of the battery. At this time, the control circuit adjusts the duty ratio of the second switch Q2 by feeding back the output voltage on the second capacitor C2, and maintains the output voltage on the second capacitor C2 to be nearly constant. The feedback link may be a proportional link or a proportional integral link. In this mode, when the battery voltage is higher than the minimum output voltage required by the system, the second switch Q2 is stopped and the first switch Q1 is constantly turned on.
When the battery voltage reaches the cut-off voltage of the battery discharge, the third switch Q3 is closed, the first switch Q1/the second switch Q2 are closed, the circuit does not work, and the battery stops discharging.
During charging, the charging device works in a bypass charging and up-flow charging mode.
And in bypass charging, the first switch Q1 and the third switch Q3 are turned on, the second switch Q2 is turned off, the current reaches the battery to charge the battery through a loop formed by the Q1-L1-Q3, and the first switch Q1 is used as a charging protection tube to control the battery to charge, so that the aim of preventing the battery from being overcharged is fulfilled.
And the current is conducted through the high-frequency switching operation Q1-L1-Q3 of the first switch Q1/the second switch Q2 to form a charging loop to charge the battery. Q1 is used as a charging protection tube to control the battery to charge, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing the battery from being overcharged.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention is a novel technical scheme by unidirectional voltage rising and dropping and combining with a protection circuit. The sodium ion low cost and the safety are relatively suitable for the current electric two-wheeled vehicle and the low-speed electric vehicle, the core power source of the electric vehicle is a power battery, and the requirements of output voltage and output capacity are generally met by adopting a serial-parallel connection mode of single batteries. However, since the charging and discharging voltage range of the sodium ion battery pack is greatly different from the voltage range that needs to be reached when the electric vehicle is actually operated, in practical application, a DC-DC converter that is adapted to a wide range of input and output is required in order to enable the battery to be fully charged and discharged. Through integrated battery protection circuit and two-way DC/DC circuit, solved above-mentioned technical problem, improved the utilization ratio of sodium ion battery capacity, simultaneously, circuit structure is simple, reduces power device quantity, raises the efficiency, reduce cost, and energy can the two-way flow possess the original charge-discharge characteristic of battery.
One embodiment is: when the battery voltage is lower than a set value, the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 work at high frequency, the control circuit controls the duty ratio of the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2 is complementarily conducted with the first switch Q1, and the duty ratio of the first switch Q1 is controlled through feedback of the battery charging current, so that the charging current reaches a preset value. When the voltage of the battery reaches a set value or above, the first switch Q1 is constantly turned on, the second switch Q2 is turned off, and the battery is directly charged by an external power supply. According to the embodiment, the charging current when the battery voltage is low can be increased, the applicability of the external charging power supply is improved, and the output voltage application range requirement of the external charging power supply is reduced.
Another embodiment: in the charging mode, the first switch Q1 and the third switch Q3 are continuously turned on, the second switch Q2 is turned off, and the external power supply charges the battery through Q1-L1-Q3.
Another embodiment: whether a switch is additionally arranged between the positive electrode terminal B+ of the battery and the external positive electrode terminal P+ is considered, Q4 is considered, when the drain electrode is connected with P+ and the source electrode is connected with B+ in a charging state, Q4 is conducted, and an external power supply directly charges the battery through Q4, so that the loss of a charging loop is reduced.
Standing state:
q1, Q2 and Q3 do not work, so that the purpose of reducing standby power consumption is achieved.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 4 to 6, the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the third switch Q3 controlled by the control mechanism 1 is disposed at the third switch position, that is, the charge/discharge current path between the battery positive terminal b+ and the first capacitor C1.
Example 3: as shown in fig. 7 to 9, the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that a third switch Q3 controlled by the control mechanism 1 is provided at a third switch position, that is, a charge/discharge current path between the external positive terminal p+ and the second capacitor C2.
Example 4: as shown in fig. 10 to 12, the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is the third switch position, and the third switch Q3 controlled by the control mechanism 1 is provided on the charge/discharge current path between the external negative terminal P-and the second capacitor C2.
Example 5 this example further reveals further variations and technical examples of the invention based on the above examples. When each cell is individually connected to the management circuitry, this approach is typically used for applications requiring individual monitoring and management of each cell, such as each individual cell in a battery pack. These issues need to be weighed against specific application requirements and battery types when selecting the connection mode. For battery packs that require high performance and long life, a balanced connection approach may be further preferred to ensure that voltage differences between the cells are minimized. I.e., the voltage difference between the individual battery cells is monitored and adjusted by the equalization circuit. These equalization circuits perform their functions by being connected to each cell. For some low cost or low demand applications, a separate connection may be a viable option. In either case, a suitable battery management system is required to ensure the safety and performance of the battery. The following discloses some preferred technical schemes and design improvement ideas.
Voltage matching: ensuring that the rated voltage of the selected sodium ion battery matches the voltage requirements of the circuit. The standard voltage of lithium ion batteries is typically higher, while the standard voltage of sodium ion batteries is typically lower, meaning that lithium ion batteries typically have higher voltages and can provide higher power at the same energy storage. The sodium ion battery core is adopted, and the voltage is properly adjusted through the technical scheme of the invention, so that the corresponding matching voltage is achieved. Current matching: the rated current of the battery and the current demand of the circuit are determined to ensure that they match. Excessive current may cause overheating or damage to the battery, while excessive current may cause degradation of circuit performance. And (3) temperature control: the performance and lifetime of sodium ion batteries are greatly affected by temperature. It must be used and charged in a safe temperature range, and it is generally preferable to employ a temperature sensor and a temperature monitoring system to ensure that the temperature does not exceed the safe range. Battery protection strategy: the sodium ion battery can also prevent overcharge and overdischarge by a protection control mode. Overcharging may lead to battery damage or fire risk, while overdischarging may impair battery performance and shorten life. The protection control may preferably include control functions such as overcharge protection, overdischarge protection, and short-circuit protection. And (3) equalization management: if the battery pack is made up of a plurality of cells, it is ensured that the equalization management system is used to monitor and equalize the voltage differences between the individual cells to prevent some of the cells from being overcharged or overdischarged. Charging management: appropriate charge controllers and charging algorithms are used to ensure high battery charging efficiency and safety while avoiding overcharging. And (3) discharge management: the ensuring circuit has proper discharge control to prevent overdischarge of the battery, thereby prolonging the life of the battery. Cycle life: the cycle life of sodium ion batteries is typically longer than disposable batteries, but life management is still a concern. Deep charge and deep discharge are avoided to extend the life of the battery. Monitoring and maintaining: the state and performance of the battery are monitored regularly, the health state of the battery pack is ensured to be maintained, and the damaged or aged battery is replaced in time. Safety standards and regulations: compliance with applicable safety standards and regulations ensures that the use and handling of the battery meets regulatory requirements. And (3) battery management: control logic to monitor, protect, and manage various aspects of the battery pack, including voltage, current, temperature, etc., may be adaptively configured. Charge and discharge control: appropriate charge and discharge controllers are used to ensure the safety and performance of the battery under various operating conditions. In selecting and implementing these solutions, it should be ensured that the battery system meets the requirements and standards of a particular application. Incorrect battery connection and management may lead to battery accidents, so that appropriate precautions or redundant designs may be preferred.
While the invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations of the subject matter set forth herein can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and it is intended that the scope of the invention shall be defined from the appended claims.

Claims (12)

1. The voltage boosting and protecting combined circuit applied to the battery is characterized by comprising:
an inductor having a first terminal and a second terminal electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery;
the second end of the inductor is electrically connected with an external positive end through a first switch;
the second end of the inductor is electrically connected with an external negative end through a second switch;
the external negative electrode terminal is electrically connected with a battery negative electrode terminal;
a first capacitor is arranged between the positive electrode end and the negative electrode end of the battery;
a second capacitor is arranged between the external positive electrode terminal and the external negative electrode terminal;
there is also a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device,
and the control mechanism can control the first switch and the second switch.
2. The combined voltage boosting and protection circuit for a battery according to claim 1, wherein:
a first resistor and a second resistor which are connected in series are arranged between the external positive electrode terminal and the external negative electrode terminal in parallel with the second capacitor;
the current path between the first resistor and the second resistor is provided with a current signal path connected with the control mechanism;
a BMS-containing acquisition unit is arranged between the positive end of the battery and the negative end of the battery;
the BMS acquisition unit is electrically connected with the control mechanism.
3. The combined voltage boosting and protection circuit for a battery according to claim 1, wherein:
and a third resistor is arranged on a current path between the battery negative electrode terminal and the external negative electrode terminal.
4. The combined voltage boosting and protection circuit for a battery according to claim 1, wherein:
and a third resistor is arranged on a current path between the battery positive terminal and the external positive terminal.
5. The combined voltage boosting and protection circuit for a battery according to claim 1, wherein: and a third switch controlled by the control mechanism is arranged on a charge-discharge current path between the battery negative electrode terminal and the first capacitor.
6. The combined voltage boosting and protection circuit for a battery according to claim 1, wherein: and a third switch controlled by the control mechanism is arranged on a charge-discharge current path between the positive end of the battery and the first capacitor.
7. The combined voltage boosting and protection circuit for a battery according to claim 1, wherein: and a third switch controlled by the control mechanism is arranged on a charge-discharge current path between the external positive electrode terminal and the second capacitor.
8. The combined voltage boosting and protection circuit for a battery according to claim 1, wherein: and a third switch controlled by the control mechanism is arranged on a charge-discharge current path between the external negative electrode terminal and the second capacitor.
9. The combined voltage boosting and protection circuit for a battery according to claim 1, wherein: the control mechanism comprises a control unit, a control unit and a control unit, wherein the control unit comprises,
the current acquisition module is used for acquiring the third resistance current;
and the first driving circuit and/or the second driving circuit are used for driving the first switch, the second switch and the third switch.
10. A sodium ion battery characterized by: a battery pack provided with a voltage boosting and protecting combination circuit applied to a battery according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. The sodium ion battery of claim 10, wherein: and the battery pack and the combined circuit are connected independently or not independently.
12. An electric vehicle, characterized by: a sodium ion battery as defined in claim 10 is mounted.
CN202311188425.5A 2023-06-20 2023-09-15 Sodium ion battery and electric vehicle Active CN116979659B (en)

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