CN116978590A - Passive heat pipe pile waste heat discharging system - Google Patents
Passive heat pipe pile waste heat discharging system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116978590A CN116978590A CN202210431355.0A CN202210431355A CN116978590A CN 116978590 A CN116978590 A CN 116978590A CN 202210431355 A CN202210431355 A CN 202210431355A CN 116978590 A CN116978590 A CN 116978590A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- heat pipe
- passive
- insulating layer
- removal system
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Links
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 lithium alkali metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a passive heat pipe pile waste heat discharging system which comprises a heat pipe, a reactor core, a heat insulating layer and a sleeve, wherein the heat pipe sequentially comprises an evaporation section and a condensation section in the length direction, the evaporation section is positioned in the reactor core, a working medium for transferring heat is arranged in the heat pipe, the heat insulating layer covers the condensation section, the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat insulating layer increases along with the temperature rise, the sleeve is sleeved with the heat insulating layer, a heat absorbing material is filled between the sleeve and the heat insulating layer, the boiling point of the heat absorbing material is greater than the boiling point of the working medium in the working medium heat pipe, and the heat absorbing material in the sleeve is used for absorbing decay heat generated by the reactor core under the emergency shutdown condition so as to keep the temperature of the heat pipe within a safe range. The passive heat pipe pile waste heat discharging system can timely conduct heat of the heat pipe to the heat absorbing material in the sleeve under emergency working conditions, so that the temperature of the heat pipe is maintained in a safe and stable range, accidents are avoided, and the safety of a reactor core is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of nuclear reactors, and particularly relates to a passive heat pipe stack waste heat discharging system.
Background
A heat pipe cooling reactor (abbreviated as a heat pipe reactor) is a nuclear energy system that transfers heat generated by a core to a thermoelectric conversion device by means of capillary action of the heat pipe. When the reactor operates, the working medium in the heat pipe firstly absorbs heat generated by fission of the fuel in the reactor core, then the heat is transferred to the thermoelectric conversion device, and finally the heat energy is converted into electric energy. However, under the conditions of emergency shutdown and two-loop power failure, if the residual heat in the pile cannot be timely discharged, the heat accumulated in the pile can cause functional damage to structural materials, even cause leakage of radioactive substances, and cause serious safety accidents. Therefore, a waste heat discharging system in emergency needs to be designed, and the safety of the system is ensured. For the waste heat discharging method, the related art generally takes a movable circulating cooling mode as a main mode, and a cooling working medium is provided by a circulating pump to cool the reactor. Although the active waste heat removal system has a large heat removal capacity, the active components have many limiting factors, such as low equipment reliability, dependence on external power sources, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. Therefore, the embodiment of the application provides a passive heat pipe pile waste heat discharging system which can timely discharge decay heat under emergency conditions and ensure the safety of a reactor core.
The passive heat pipe pile waste heat discharging system comprises a heat pipe and a reactor core, wherein the heat pipe sequentially comprises an evaporation section and a condensation section in the length direction, the evaporation section is positioned in the reactor core, and a working medium for transferring heat is arranged in the heat pipe; the heat-insulating layer covers the condensation section, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat-insulating layer increases along with the temperature rise; the heat-absorbing material is used for absorbing heat so that the temperature of the heat pipe is kept within a safe range.
The passive heat pipe pile waste heat discharging system provided by the embodiment of the application cools the reactor core by utilizing the passive principle, does not depend on external triggering and a power source, has smaller heat loss generated by a heat pipe under normal working conditions, has higher thermoelectric conversion efficiency, enhances the heat conducting performance of a heat insulating layer along with the temperature rise of the heat pipe under emergency working conditions, and timely conducts the heat of the heat pipe to a heat absorbing material in a sleeve, so that the temperature of the heat pipe is maintained within a safe and stable range, accidents are avoided, and the safety of the reactor core is improved.
In some embodiments, the heat sink material is a first alkali metal material.
In some embodiments, the heat sink material is lithium alkali metal.
In some embodiments, the heat sink material has a boiling point of 1200 ℃ to 1400 ℃.
In some embodiments, the working fluid is a second alkali metal material.
In some embodiments, the working fluid is sodium alkali metal or potassium alkali metal.
In some embodiments, the working fluid has a boiling point of 800 ℃ to 1000 ℃.
In some embodiments, the average temperature of the insulating layer is 400 ℃ or less under normal core operating conditions.
In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer is less than or equal to 0.1W/(m·k) under normal core operating conditions.
In some embodiments, the insulating layer material is aluminum silicate fiber or silicon fiber.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an passive heat pipe stack waste heat removal system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
the heat pipe 1, the core 2, the fuel rods 21, the heat insulating layer 3, the thimble tubes 4, and the heat absorbing material 41.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present application, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present application and should not be construed as limiting the application.
The passive heat pipe pile waste heat removal system provided by the embodiment of the application is described below with reference to fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1, the heat pipe stack residual heat removal system includes a heat pipe 1, a core 2, a heat insulating layer 3, and a thimble 4.
The heat pipe 1 includes an evaporation section and a condensation section in this order in its length direction, wherein the evaporation section of the heat pipe 1 is located in the core 2, and is disposed near the fuel rods 21 in the core 2. The heat pipe 1 has a working medium for transferring heat. The working principle of the heat pipe 1 is as follows: the heat pipe 1 comprises a pipe shell and a liquid suction core positioned in the pipe shell, the liquid suction core is provided with a capillary structure, working media are filled in the capillary structure, the fuel rod 21 in the reactor core 2 generates heat, liquid phase working media in the evaporation section are heated and evaporated, the vapor is driven from the evaporation section to the condensation section by the pressure difference caused by the heat evaporation, and the vapor is condensed in the condensation section, and meanwhile, stored latent heat is released. Because the evaporation consumes the liquid phase working medium, the liquid-vapor interface of the evaporation section is retracted into the surface of the liquid suction core, so that capillary pressure is caused, the condensed liquid phase working medium flows back to the evaporation section under the action of capillary force, evaporation is carried out again, and circulation flow is completed. Under this circulation, the heat pipe 1 transfers a large amount of heat from the evaporation section to the condensation section through the working medium, thereby realizing heat transfer. In some embodiments, an insulating section is provided between the evaporator section and the condenser section.
The heat insulating layer 3 covers the condensation section of the heat pipe 1, and the heat conductivity of the material of the heat insulating layer 3 increases with an increase in temperature, so to speak, the thermal resistance of the material of the heat insulating layer 3 decreases with an increase in temperature. The heat insulation layer 3 is sleeved on the sleeve 4, and a heat absorbing material 41 for absorbing heat is filled between the sleeve 4 and the heat insulation layer 3, wherein the boiling point of the heat absorbing material 41 is greater than that of a working medium in the heat pipe 1. The heat absorbing material 41 is used for absorbing the decay heat of the reactor core in an emergency so as to keep the temperature of the heat pipe 1 within a safe temperature range, and avoid the occurrence of safety accidents caused by the fact that the decay heat of the reactor core 2 cannot be timely led out due to the overhigh temperature of the heat pipe 1.
Under normal working conditions, the temperature of the heat pipe 1 is kept within a safe temperature range (for example, less than or equal to 400 ℃), the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat insulation layer 3 is lower (for example, less than or equal to 0.1W/(m.K)), the heat pipe 1 can be better protected in a heat insulation way, the heat loss of the heat pipe 1 is reduced, most heat is transmitted to the thermoelectric conversion device by the heat pipe 1, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is better. In an accident condition (for example, emergency shutdown occurs and two loops are in power failure), the heat pipe 1 absorbs decay heat of the reactor core 2 and the temperature rises, the heat conduction of the heat insulation layer 3 increases along with the rise of the temperature due to the heat insulation layer 3 coating the outer wall of the heat pipe 1, heat is timely conducted to the heat absorbing material 41 in the sleeve 4, and the heat absorbing material 41 has a higher latent heat absorbing and storing capacity compared with a working medium due to the fact that the boiling point of the heat absorbing material 41 is higher than that of the working medium in the working medium heat pipe 1, so that evaporation or boiling of the heat absorbing material 41 can not occur in the process of absorbing decay heat of the reactor core 2 transferred through the heat pipe 1 and the heat insulation layer 2.
The heat absorbing material 41 in the sleeve 4 absorbs decay heat of the core 2, so that the heat pipe 1 is maintained in a safe and stable temperature range, the core decay power gradually drops to 1% in the process, and the heat of the heat absorbing material 41 is finally discharged into the air by the sleeve 4, so that accidents caused by overhigh temperature of the heat pipe 1 can be avoided in the shutdown process.
The passive heat pipe pile waste heat discharging system provided by the embodiment of the application cools the reactor core by utilizing the passive principle, does not depend on external trigger and power sources, reduces a large number of redundant equipment and reduces the cost. The heat loss of the heat pipe is smaller under the normal working condition, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is higher, the heat conduction performance of the heat insulation layer is enhanced along with the temperature rise of the heat pipe under the emergency working condition, and the heat of the heat pipe is timely conducted to the heat absorption material in the sleeve, so that the temperature of the heat pipe is maintained within a safe and stable range, accidents are avoided, and the safety of a reactor core is improved.
In addition, the passive heat pipe pile waste heat discharging system provided by the embodiment of the application has no special limit to the use scene, expands the use range of the heat pipe pile, and can be applied to sea water or used as a vehicle-mounted heat pipe pile emergency waste heat discharging system for both sea and land.
In some embodiments, the heat sink material 41 is an alkali metal material. Alternatively, the heat sink material 41 is lithium alkali metal. The alkali metal material has a low melting point and is easy to become liquid phase working medium to transfer heat.
Optionally, the heat sink material 41 has a boiling point in the range of 1200-1400 ℃. The boiling point of the heat absorbing material 41 is high so that the heat absorbing material 41 does not evaporate or boil during the process of absorbing decay heat of the core 2.
In some embodiments, the working fluid in the heat pipe 1 is an alkali metal material. Optionally, the working medium in the heat pipe 1 is alkali metal sodium or alkali metal potassium. The alkali metal material has a low melting point and is easy to become liquid phase working medium to transfer heat.
Optionally, the boiling point of the working fluid in the heat pipe 1 is in the range 800-1000 ℃.
In some embodiments, the insulating layer 3 is made of an insulating material, such as aluminum silicate fibers, silicon fibers, or the like.
In some embodiments, the average temperature of the insulating layer 3 is 400 ℃ or less under normal operating conditions of the core 2. Optionally, under normal operation conditions of the core 2, the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating layer 3 is less than or equal to 0.1W/(m·k). It will be appreciated that the average temperature of the insulating layer 3 is related to the temperature of the heat pipe 1, the higher the average temperature of the insulating layer 3 and vice versa. The heat conductivity of the heat insulating layer 3 is less than or equal to 0.1W/(m.K), and at the moment, the heat conducting property of the heat insulating layer 3 is low, so that the heat pipe 1 can be well heat-insulated and protected, the heat loss of the heat pipe 1 is reduced, most heat is transmitted to the thermoelectric conversion device by the heat pipe 1, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.
The passive heat pipe pile waste heat discharging system provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages of simple structure and wide application scene, and can be suitable for scenes such as inland power generation, power grid load adjustment, island energy supply, polar region scientific investigation and the like. The method specifically comprises the following steps: supplying energy to the small military array land; supplying electric energy to an energy development station; regulating the power generation load of new energy; island base energy supply; nuclear power of ships (submarines and large ships); energy sources for deep sea entry, detection and development; civilian and military energy supplies in the ocean, and the like.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While the above embodiments have been shown and described, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the application, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations of the above embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. An passive heat pipe stack waste heat removal system, comprising:
the heat pipe comprises an evaporation section and a condensation section in sequence along the length direction of the heat pipe, wherein the evaporation section is positioned in the reactor core, and a working medium for transferring heat is arranged in the heat pipe;
the heat-insulating layer covers the condensation section, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat-insulating layer increases along with the temperature rise;
the heat-absorbing material is used for absorbing heat so that the temperature of the heat pipe is kept within a safe range.
2. The passive heat pipe stack waste heat removal system of claim 1, wherein the heat sink material is a first alkali metal material.
3. The passive heat pipe stack waste heat removal system of claim 2, wherein the heat absorbing material is lithium alkali metal.
4. The passive thermal pipe stack waste heat removal system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat absorbing material has a boiling point of 1200 ℃ to 1400 ℃.
5. The passive heat pipe stack waste heat removal system of claim 1, wherein the working fluid is a second alkali metal material.
6. The passive heat pipe pile waste heat removal system of claim 5, wherein the working medium is alkali metal sodium or alkali metal potassium.
7. The passive heat pipe stack waste heat removal system of claim 1 or 5, wherein the working medium has a boiling point of 800 ℃ to 1000 ℃.
8. The passive heat pipe stack waste heat removal system of claim 1, wherein the average temperature of the insulating layer is 400 ℃ or less under normal core operating conditions.
9. The passive heat pipe stack waste heat removal system of claim 8, wherein the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer is less than or equal to 0.1W/(m-K) under normal core operating conditions.
10. The passive heat pipe stack waste heat removal system of claim 1, 8 or 9, wherein the insulating layer material is aluminum silicate fiber or silicon fiber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210431355.0A CN116978590A (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | Passive heat pipe pile waste heat discharging system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210431355.0A CN116978590A (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | Passive heat pipe pile waste heat discharging system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116978590A true CN116978590A (en) | 2023-10-31 |
Family
ID=88473591
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210431355.0A Pending CN116978590A (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | Passive heat pipe pile waste heat discharging system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116978590A (en) |
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2022
- 2022-04-22 CN CN202210431355.0A patent/CN116978590A/en active Pending
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