CN116973565A - Biomarkers for the identification of antiphospholipid syndrome of pathological and non-pathological pregnancy events and uses thereof - Google Patents
Biomarkers for the identification of antiphospholipid syndrome of pathological and non-pathological pregnancy events and uses thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/564—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for pre-existing immune complex or autoimmune disease, i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid factors or complement components C1-C9
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- G01N2333/4724—Lectins
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of biological detection, and in particular relates to a biomarker for identifying antiphospholipid syndrome of pathological pregnancy events and non-pathological pregnancy events and application thereof. The study examined the glycan differences of specific binding of serum IgG to lectin from antiphospholipid syndrome patients (occurrence of simple arterial events, simple venous events, pathological pregnancy events) versus healthy and disease controls by using lectin chips containing 56 lectins. The results show that the content of Sambucus nigra (SNA-I, black bone lignin-I) lectin-binding glycans is reduced in antiphospholipid syndrome patients with pathological gestational events. Lectin immunoblotting validation results showed that the content of lectin-binding glycans of Sambucus nigra (SNA-I) was still reduced in antiphospholipid syndrome patients with pathological gestational events. It can be seen that complexes formed by binding of Sambucus nigra lectin to IgG can be used as biomarkers for assessing the presence or absence of pathological pregnancy events in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biological detection, and in particular relates to a biomarker for identifying antiphospholipid syndrome of pathological pregnancy events and non-pathological pregnancy events and application thereof.
Background
Antiphospholipid syndrome (Antiphospholipid syndrome, APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (antiphospholipid antibodies, aPL) in serum leads to clinical manifestations of arteriovenous thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, pathological pregnancy (recurrent abortion, stillbirth, placental insufficiency, preeclampsia) and the like. About 1.1 out of 10,000 APS annually, it is rare to affect the full age group, with female patients accounting for a relatively large percentage. The disease can be classified into primary APS and secondary APS, and secondary APS is most commonly found in other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis. The main basis for the current diagnosis of APS is the presence of 3 antiphospholipid antibodies in serum, including antipsychotic antibodies (anticardiolipin antibody, aCL), anti- β2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies (anti β2-glycoprotein I antibody, aβ2GPI anti-ibody) and lupus anticoagulants (lupus anticoagulant, LA). However, aPL positive individuals do not necessarily have APS, and clinicians need more biomarkers to help identify and diagnose APS, thereby intervening in disease, active treatment as early as possible. In contrast, for patients who have been diagnosed with APS, predicting the likelihood of occurrence of different clinical symptoms by biomarkers at an early stage of disease progression is beneficial for achieving better efficacy, especially prediction and early monitoring of pathological pregnancy events, which is of great importance for maternal protection and fetal health birth.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant antibody in human serum, involved in a number of processes of humoral immune response: antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antigen neutralization, complement activation and Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC), and hypersensitivity reactions. The structure and function of IgG is regulated by a variety of post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation affecting the structural stability, conformation, aging, and effector functions of IgG. Existing studies have found that glycosylation of IgG is associated with the progression and severity of various autoimmune diseases, demonstrating that aberrant expression of glycosylation has great potential as a diagnostic marker for disease.
Traditional glycosylation detection techniques (e.g., mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography) are time consuming and labor intensive and the sample preparation process is complex; compared with the lectin chip, the lectin chip is more convenient and quick, has extremely high detection flux while ensuring that the protein maintains the natural state conformation, is more suitable for different patients or comparison of different states of the same patient, and is convenient to popularize and apply while meeting clinical research. The current diagnosis method of antiphospholipid syndrome is to detect aPL antibody positive and corresponding clinical symptoms including early embolism, repeated thrombosis of abnormal parts, late abortion, HELLP syndrome and the like by combining serology; the method lacks definite quantitative relation, is more dependent on disease symptoms, and can be used for diagnosing after corresponding symptoms, so that the method is not beneficial to predicting and monitoring the progress of early diseases.
The present study was designed to use a high throughput glycosylation analysis technique, lectin microarray technique, to detect the glycosylation profile of peripheral IgG in APS patients, compare their differences from healthy and disease control groups, and between APS patients with different clinical manifestations, to explore the biomarkers of potential antiphospholipid syndrome disease and its clinical manifestations.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides biomarkers for the identification of antiphospholipid syndrome of pathological and non-pathological pregnancy events and uses thereof.
First, the present invention provides a biomarker for identifying antiphospholipid syndrome of pathological pregnancy event and non-pathological pregnancy event, which is a complex formed by combining sambucus nigra lectin-I, SNA-I lectin and IgG.
Wherein the IgG contains sialic acid.
Second, the invention also provides the use of said biomarker for the preparation of a reagent for the anti-phospholipid syndrome that distinguishes between pathological and non-pathological pregnancy events.
Specifically, the diagnosis includes: determining complexes formed by binding SNA-I lectin and IgG in the biological sample to be tested;
comparing the level of SNA-I lectin bound to IgG in the biological sample with control data, wherein a detectable decrease in the level of SNA-I lectin bound to IgG in the sample relative to the control data indicates a likelihood of a pathological pregnancy event in an antiphospholipid syndrome patient providing the serum.
Specifically, the SNA-I binding level of the patient to be tested is compared with the data of a patient whose database is eligible (i.e., APS patient suffering from a simple arterial event or a simple venous event) to predict the likelihood of occurrence of a pathological pregnancy event.
Wherein the biological sample is a serum sample.
Preferably, the levels of complexes formed by the respective binding of SNA-I lectin to IgG are measured by the steps comprising:
a. contacting a biological sample from a patient with a lectin of interest;
b. IgG present in the biological sample forms lectin-glycan complexes with the target lectin;
c. washing to remove any unbound IgG;
d. adding a detection antibody that is labeled and reactive with an antibody from the biological sample;
e. washing to remove any unbound labeled detection antibody; and
f. converting the label of the detection antibody into a detectable signal.
Wherein the target lectin is deposited or immobilized on a solid phase surface support, preferably in the form of latex beads, porous plates or strips, nanotubes, two-dimensional coded flakes, etc., preferably the detection antibody is labeled by covalent attachment to an enzyme, a label with a fluorescent compound or a metal, or a label with a chemiluminescent compound.
The present study examined the glycan profile of specific binding of anti-phospholipid syndrome patient serum IgG to lectin by using a lectin chip containing 56 lectins. The results show that the content of SNA-I lectin binding glycans is significantly reduced in APS patients with pathological gestational events, as SNA-I lectin specifically binds sialic acid, indicating that the expression of sialic acid levels in APS patients with pathological gestational events is reduced. To confirm the reliability of the above results, the present study also used lectin immunoblotting to verify the results. The results indicate that the content of SNA-I lectin-binding glycans was still reduced in APS patients with pathological gestational events, consistent with the results of lectin microchips.
The invention can predict the possibility of pathological pregnancy event by detecting the binding level of serum IgG and SNA-I of patients after diagnosing APS, thereby finding and taking measures in time as early as possible in the early stage of disease progression.
Drawings
FIG. 1A is a whole lectin chip; 1B-1C are the positions of 56 lectins in the chip microarray.
Figure 2 shows lectin chip detection of signal to noise ratio (< 0.05) of specific binding of lectin SNA-I in patients with pathological pregnancy events, simple arterial events and simple venous events among APS patients.
FIG. 3 shows a schematic of SNA-I lectin immunoblotting.
Figure 4 shows the results of SNA-I lectin immunofluorescence values with significantly reduced pathological pregnancy events compared to simple arterial and venous events (p < 0.05).
Fig. 5 shows ROC curve analysis of lectin SNA-I chip results, pathological pregnancy event vs. (simple arterial event versus simple venous event).
Detailed Description
The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 lectin microarray analysis of serum IgG glycosylation
Experiment samples: antiphospholipid syndrome patients in this study: the anti-phospholipid syndrome 178 cases, the arteritis 45 cases, the rheumatoid arthritis 45 cases, the cardiovascular disease 45 cases and the healthy control 100 cases are shown in table 1. Wherein the diagnosis of the anti-phospholipid syndrome patient, the patient with the arteritis, the patient with the rheumatoid arthritis and the patient with the cardiovascular disease all meet the diagnosis standard of the corresponding diseases. Fresh blood is collected from all groups of people, and serum is immediately separated and stored at-80 ℃ for standby.
TABLE 1 lectin chip test study subject base conditions
Lectin microarrays containing 56 lectins were used to detect glycosylation status in experimental specimens. Lectins can specifically bind to glycan molecules at the ends of glycoproteins to form complexes, and the type and content of glycans on the surface of proteins of interest can be studied by the specific binding of different lectins to glycans. Lectin microarrays are now increasingly being used in glycosylation research due to their highly efficient nature. The study used 14 lectin microarrays per lectin chip, whereas the lectin microarray contained 56 lectins, each of which was immobilized in triplicate to the array. Then, the diluted serum samples were added to the lectin microarray to react with it, and Cy 3-labeled IgG antibodies were added to obtain a signal value of each lectin and IgG-specific binding glycan, which was related to binding affinity and binding strength, as shown in FIG. 1.
After equilibration of the frozen samples at room temperature, each sample serum was diluted 1:200 and added to the microarray and incubated overnight at 4 ℃. Then, cy 3-labeled IgG antibodies were hybridized with lectin in the microarray for 1 hour in a dark environment. The fluorescence intensities of all lectins were analyzed independently. And converting the chip image into a digital format for analysis. The difference between the foreground and background values of each lectin spot was used to calculate the signal to noise ratio (S/N) of each lectin spot. To prevent bias of lectin microarrays between arrays, we normalized the S/N data using normalization between arrays. Significant differences in lectin binding force were determined by data distribution between groups according to the following rules (1) comparison between groups >1.3 or <0.77; (2) The comparison test type among groups selects T test if the normalization is met, otherwise selects non-parameter test, and the p value is less than 0.05.
The results are shown in tables 2-3, FIGS. 2-3. The S/N data show a significant reduction in IgG glycosylation relative to the pathological gestation event group (simple arterial event + simple venous event).
Conclusion: the specific binding of serum IgG to SNA-I was significantly reduced in APS patients for pathological pregnancy samples relative to (arterial only + venous only), indicating that the expression of IgG sialic acid levels was significantly reduced during pathological pregnancy events.
Table 2 lectin and corresponding glycan binding specificity
TABLE 3 lectin chip results
*p<0.05
**p<0.01
EXAMPLE 2 serum lectin print validation experiments
Experimental specimens and methods: to further clarify the reliability of the above lectin microarray detection conclusions, lectin blotting was randomly selected for the same batch of APS patients, healthy controls and disease controls (12 cases each), while samples of the same batch of APS patients, which showed simple arterial events (12 cases each lectin), simple venous events (24 cases each lectin) and pathological pregnancy events (36 cases each lectin), were subjected to lectin blotting.
After dilution of the serum sample at 1:100, the sample buffer was added and mixed, boiled at 100℃for 10 minutes, SDS-PAGE was performed in 10% of the pre-gel, and the proteins in the pre-gel were electrotransferred to PVDF membrane. After the PVDF film which is transferred successfully is blocked, hybridization is carried out with Cy3 marked lectin, and finally fluorescence signals are detected by a fluorescence imaging instrument. The intensity of the fluorescent signal is proportional to the binding force of the lectin-bound glycoprotein glycosyl.
Results: serum IgG binding to SNA-I lectin was reduced in pathological gestation events in APS patients compared to (arterial only + venous only) events (p < 0.05) (fig. 4). This suggests that the levels of SNA-I lectin-binding glycans, sialic acid, in the serum of patients corresponding to pathological gestation events are abnormal. ROC curve analysis showed that SNA-I had better diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing APS patients pathologically pregnant events from (simple arterial events + simple venous events) with AUC values of 0.6318 when the cutoff value was 3.107 (fig. 5).
Conclusion: the lectin blotting verification result is consistent with the lectin chip detection result, and serum IgG of pathological gestation events in APS patients expresses sialic acid at a low level relative to simple arterial events and simple venous events, and can be used as a biomarker between different clinical events to predict the possibility of pathological gestation events of the APS patients, so that early detection and timely measures are taken in the early stage of disease progression.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A biomarker for identifying antiphospholipid syndrome of pathological and non-pathological pregnancy events, which is a complex of sambucus nigra lectin-I, SNA-I lectin binding to IgG.
2. The biomarker of claim 1, wherein the IgG comprises sialic acid.
3. Use of a biomarker according to claim 1 or 2 for the preparation of an agent for the anti-phospholipid syndrome that identifies pathological and non-pathological pregnancy events.
4. The use of claim 3, wherein the diagnosis comprises: determining a complex formed by binding SNA-I lectin and IgG in a biological sample to be tested;
comparing the level of SNA-I lectin bound to IgG in the biological sample with control data, wherein a detectable decrease in the level of SNA-I lectin bound to IgG in the sample relative to the control data indicates a likelihood of a pathological pregnancy event in an antiphospholipid syndrome patient providing the serum.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the biological sample is a serum sample.
6. The use of claim 4, wherein the level of complexes formed by binding of SNA-I lectin to IgG is measured by the steps comprising:
a. contacting a biological sample from a patient with a lectin of interest;
b. IgG present in the biological sample forms lectin-glycan complexes with the target lectin;
c. washing to remove any unbound IgG;
d. adding a detection antibody that is labeled and reactive with an antibody from the biological sample;
e. washing to remove any unbound labeled detection antibody; and
f. converting the label of the detection antibody into a detectable signal.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the lectin of interest is deposited or immobilized on a solid surface support.
8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the solid phase surface support is in the form of latex beads, porous plates or strips, nanotubes, two-dimensional coded flakes, or the like.
9. The use of claim 6, wherein the detection antibody is labeled by covalent attachment to an enzyme, a label with a fluorescent compound or a metal, or a label with a chemiluminescent compound.
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