CN116973071A - Automatic calibration device for elastic angle of wind tunnel model supporting mechanism - Google Patents
Automatic calibration device for elastic angle of wind tunnel model supporting mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN116973071A CN116973071A CN202310889948.6A CN202310889948A CN116973071A CN 116973071 A CN116973071 A CN 116973071A CN 202310889948 A CN202310889948 A CN 202310889948A CN 116973071 A CN116973071 A CN 116973071A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/08—Aerodynamic models
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic calibration device for an elastic angle of a wind tunnel model supporting mechanism, which comprises a lifting mechanism and a loading head arranged on the lifting mechanism, wherein two ends of the loading head are respectively connected with a first electric cylinder, the first electric cylinders are perpendicular to the axis of the loading head and can rotate around the axis of the loading head, the loading head is provided with a connecting beam, two ends of the connecting beam are connected with a second electric cylinder, the loading head is of a hollow structure, the floating end of a rod balance in the hollow structure is connected with the loading head through a transition structure, an inclination sensor is arranged on the surface of the loading head, the lifting mechanism can be separated from the loading head, and the separated loading head is supported by the first electric cylinders and the second electric cylinders; according to the actual wind tunnel operation condition, the automatic calibration device for the elastic angle of the wind tunnel model supporting mechanism has the characteristics of high integration level, convenience in transportation, simplicity and convenience in operation, strong calibration capability, high efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind tunnel tests, in particular to an automatic calibration device for an elastic angle of a wind tunnel model supporting mechanism.
Background
The wind tunnel force test is a main means for developing aerodynamic test research. The wind tunnel model is generally fixed in the wind tunnel test section through a model supporting mechanism. The wind tunnel model supporting mechanism consists of a balance, a supporting mechanism (a supporting rod, a transition joint, a middle support) and the like, and accurately simulates the pose of the wind tunnel model through an attack angle motion system, a rolling motion system and a yaw motion system.
In the wind tunnel test process, the wind tunnel model supporting mechanism is elastically deformed due to the pneumatic load of the model, and the actual attitude angle of the wind tunnel model is inconsistent with the nominal attitude angle (the control angles of the attack angle motion system, the rolling motion system and the yaw motion system). In order to ensure accurate and reliable test data, the deformation influence of the wind tunnel model supporting mechanism must be considered in the wind tunnel force measurement test data processing. The wind tunnel model supporting mechanism deforms to enable the model attitude angle to change, and mainly relates to a pitching angle, a rolling angle and a yaw angle.
The actual attitude angle measurement of the wind tunnel model is divided into two methods of direct measurement and indirect measurement. Direct measurement mainly comprises two methods of optical measurement and inclination sensor measurement. The method has the advantages that the method is not limited by a test model and a supporting mechanism thereof, and has the defects that cameras are required to be arranged at proper positions of a test section, the data processing efficiency is low, and the precision is easily influenced by the vibration of the model and the flow field condition. The measurement mode of the inclination sensor is that the actual attitude angle of the model is directly obtained by arranging the inclination sensor inside the model. The yaw angle measuring device has the advantages of intuitiveness, reliability and high efficiency, and has the defects that the measuring precision is easily affected by model vibration, the yaw angle cannot be measured, and the model cannot be installed or the model design is difficult to increase due to the limitation of the model space.
The indirect measurement of the actual attitude angle of the wind tunnel model mainly comprises the steps of calibrating a wind tunnel model supporting mechanism in a loading mode, and obtaining the relation between the elastic angle and balance load. And obtaining the actual attitude angle of the model through superposition of the elastic angle and the nominal attitude angle. The method for obtaining the actual attitude angle of the model by utilizing the elastic angle correction is a traditional method, and the historical stage is not exited due to optical measurement and measurement of an inclination sensor. This is mainly because long-term practice shows that the method is reliable for correction of test data, and the angle is synchronous with balance force measurement data. However, the problems of low calibration efficiency, limited calibration capacity and the like cannot meet the high-quality and high-efficiency requirements of wind tunnel tests by adopting a manual loading mode on the wind tunnel site at present.
The publication (CN 112798216A) discloses an automatic calibration mechanism for the elastic angle of a wind tunnel balance, and a person skilled in the art carries out technical deduction according to the recorded scheme, and discovers that the publication cannot be realized at all in the wind tunnel test process, and according to the recorded publication, the person discovers that the balance is difficult to load and overload of the loading moment is caused because the loading center is far away from the balance center; the second, so-called electric cylinder and the load block are fixedly connected together, and in terms of basic mechanical principle, the six directions of movement of the load block cannot be changed by the electric cylinder, that is, the six directions of the loading head connected with the load block cannot be changed. Thus, the general design principle of (CN 112798216A) is not feasible.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device capable of realizing automatic correction in a wind tunnel field, and improving the efficiency and quality of the calibration of the elastic angle of a wind tunnel field model supporting mechanism.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an automatic calibration device for the elastic angle of a wind tunnel model supporting mechanism comprises a lifting mechanism and a loading head arranged on the lifting mechanism,
the two ends of the loading head are respectively connected with a first electric cylinder which is vertical to the axis of the loading head and can rotate around the axis of the loading head,
the loading head is provided with a connecting beam perpendicular to the axis, two ends of the connecting beam are respectively connected with a second electric cylinder, the second electric cylinders are perpendicular to the axis of the loading head, and the two second electric cylinders are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the loading head;
the lifting structure can finely adjust the posture of the loading head for being connected with the balance, the loading head is of a hollow structure, a transition structure is arranged in the hollow structure, the floating end of the rod balance in the hollow structure is connected with the loading head through the transition structure, the inclination sensor is arranged on the surface of the loading head,
the lifting mechanism can be separated from the loading head.
In the technical proposal, the first electric cylinder has two working states,
when the first electric cylinder is vertical to the horizontal direction, the first electric cylinder performs pitching loading on the loading head,
when the first electric cylinder is parallel in the horizontal direction, the first electric cylinder performs yaw loading on the loading head.
In the above technical scheme, when the first electric cylinder is used for yaw loading the loading head, the yaw loading device comprises a bearing plate and a bracket, wherein two displacement sensors are arranged on the bracket, the displacement sensors are horizontally arranged and are perpendicular to the axis of the loading head, the yaw angle of the loading head is measured when the yaw loading is carried out, and the bearing plate is contacted with the extending end of the first electric cylinder.
In the above technical solution, the lifting mechanism is provided on the moving mechanism, and the bracket can be connected to the moving mechanism.
In the above technical scheme, the first electric cylinder is connected to the loading head through the sliding sleeve structure.
In the technical scheme, the fixed ends of the first electric cylinder and the second electric cylinder are connected with the loading head through the hinge structure respectively, and the free ends of the first electric cylinder and the second electric cylinder are provided with universal hinge supports.
In the technical scheme, the position of the balance calibration center between the two second electric cylinders is adjusted by replacing transition structures with different interface sizes.
In the above technical solution, the automatic correction process includes the following steps:
step one: controlling the second electric cylinders not to work so as to be in contact with the wind tunnel wall plate, controlling the two first electric cylinders to extend to be in contact with the wind tunnel lower wall plate, loading the loading head in the pitching direction through the two first electric cylinders, measuring the pitching angle through the inclination angle sensor, and calculating to obtain a balance elastic pitch angle correction coefficient generated by normal force and a balance elastic pitch angle correction coefficient generated by pitching moment;
step two: controlling the first electric cylinder to retract to be separated from the lower wall plate of the wind tunnel, controlling the second electric cylinder to extend to be in contact with the lower wall plate, loading the loading head in the rolling direction through the two second electric cylinders, measuring the rolling angle, calibrating the elastic angle of the rolling direction, and calculating to obtain the balance elastic rolling angle correction coefficient generated by the rolling moment;
step three: the second electric cylinder is controlled to retract to be separated from the lower wall plate of the wind tunnel, the first electric cylinder is rotated by 90 degrees along the axis of the balance, the loading head is loaded in the yaw direction through the two second electric cylinders, the displacement sensor is used for measuring displacement, the yaw angle is calculated, the elastic angle in the yaw direction is calibrated, and the balance elastic sideslip angle correction coefficient generated by lateral force and the balance elastic sideslip angle correction coefficient generated by yaw moment are obtained through calculation.
In the above technical solution, the data tested in the testing process is not less than three groups, and the coefficients are calculated by the least square method, specifically:
wherein:for the balance elastic pitch angle correction coefficient generated by the normal force Y,
for the balance elastic pitch angle correction coefficient generated by the pitching moment Mz,
balance spring side for generating lateral force ZThe slip angle correction coefficient is used for correcting the slip angle,
for the balance elastic sideslip angle correction coefficient generated by the yaw moment My,
for the balance elastic roll angle correction coefficient generated by the roll moment Mx,
elastic angle of balance under static calibration。
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the automatic calibration device for the elastic angle of the wind tunnel model supporting mechanism has the characteristics of high integration level, convenience in transportation, simplicity and convenience in operation, strong calibration capability, high efficiency and the like.
Drawings
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention when longitudinally loaded;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the invention when it is loaded laterally;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a loading head;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a bracket and lateral displacement sensor measurement device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of yaw direction spring angle calculation;
wherein: the hydraulic control system comprises a control cabinet 1, a bearing plate 2, a lifting mechanism 3, a loading head 4, a connecting beam 5, an inclination angle sensor 6, a bracket 7, a first electric cylinder 8, a second electric cylinder 9, a switching structure 10, a balance 11, a displacement sensor 12, a moving mechanism 13 and a bracket 14.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
As shown in fig. 1, the calibration device of the present embodiment is integrated on a moving mechanism 13, so as to facilitate the whole quick movement, and a lifting mechanism 3 and a control cabinet 1 are provided on the moving mechanism, where the lifting mechanism 3 is used for lifting the loading head 4, so that the position of the loading head 4 can be adjusted in the vertical direction, and the loading head 4 is placed above the lifting mechanism 3 in the non-working state, and the loading head 4 is supported by the lifting mechanism 3.
The loading head 4 is a core component in the calibration device, as shown in fig. 3, the inside of the loading head 4 is a hollow structure with two through ends, a transition structure 10 is arranged in the hollow structure, and the transition structure 10 is connected with the loading head 3. The transition structure 10 is connected with the floating end of the balance 11 in the hollow structure, and the fixed end of the balance is used for connecting the supporting structure. In this way, the balance 11 can measure the six components applied to the loading head 4 when an external force is applied to the loading head 4. By changing the length of the transition structure 10 or the connection location with the floating end of the balance 11 (and also changing a different transition structure 10), the calibration center of the balance with respect to the loading head 4 can be changed, thus achieving a reasonable combination of the horizontal normal force load with the positive and negative pitching moment loads.
As shown in fig. 1, first electric cylinders 8 are connected to outer surfaces of both ends of the loading head 4, and the first electric cylinders 8 are connected to the loading head 4 through a sleeve sliding structure so that the first electric cylinders 8 can be rotated about an axis of the loading head 4 by an external force. When the first electric cylinder 8 is vertical to the horizontal direction, the first electric cylinder 8 can apply load to the loading head 4, so that the loading head 4 does pitching motion; when the first electric cylinder 8 rotates 90 degrees around the loading head 4, the load of the loading head 4 by the first electric cylinder 8 causes the loading head 4 to perform a yaw motion, as shown in fig. 2. That is, the first electric cylinder 8 in the present embodiment can apply loads to the loading head 4 in different directions so that the loading head 4 can perform yaw and pitch motions.
When the yaw load is applied to the first electric cylinders 8, as shown in fig. 2, one bracket 7 is connected to the moving mechanism 13, and a displacement sensor 12 is provided to the bracket 7, and the displacement sensor 12 can measure the lateral displacement between the two first electric cylinders 8. When the first electric cylinder 8 applies yaw load, a bearing plate 2 is arranged opposite to the extending direction of the first electric cylinder 8, a bracket 14 is arranged on the bearing plate 2, the bracket 14 can play a supporting role on the first electric cylinder 8, and the first electric cylinder 8 is prevented from rotating and then applying extra load brought by self gravity to the loading head 4. Meanwhile, the bearing plate 2 can bear the extending end of the first electric cylinder 8, the load of the loading head 4 is balanced through the bearing plate 2, and the wall surface of the wind tunnel is protected from being damaged by the extending end of the first electric cylinder 8 by the bearing plate 2.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a connecting beam 5 is provided between two first electric cylinders 8 connected to the loading head 4, and the optimal position of the connecting beam 5 is a position at the center of the loading head 4, and the cross section of the connecting beam 5 is perpendicular to the axis of the loading head 4. Two ends of the connecting beam 5 are respectively connected with a second electric cylinder 9, and the second electric cylinder 9 is vertical to the axis of the loading head 4 and vertical to the horizontal plane. The left and right second electric cylinders 9 can drive the loading head 4 to rotate along the axis through the connecting beam 5 in an up-and-down motion, so that rolling load loading of the loading head 4 is completed.
In this embodiment, in order to ensure reliable loading between the electric cylinders and the loading head, the fixed ends of the electric cylinders are connected with the loading head through a hinge structure, and the hinge base is added to the free ends of the electric cylinders, so that the acting force loaded on the loading head when the two electric cylinders move synchronously can enable the loading head to move symmetrically with the calibration center.
When the embodiment is actually applied to wind tunnel tests and automatic calibration is performed on a certain test model, the axis of the loading head is taken as the x axis, the direction parallel to the horizontal plane where the x axis is positioned is taken as the z axis, the vertical direction is taken as the y axis, and the loading head is definedIs the pitch angle of (2)， />， />The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Measuring pitch angle with tilt sensor>And roll angle>Measuring yaw angle +.>. The resultant force applied on the loading head by the electric cylinder passes through the axis X of the balance, the resultant force is positioned on an XY plane during pitching loading, the resultant force is positioned on a YZ plane during rolling loading, and the resultant force is positioned on an XZ plane during yawing loading.
The basic process of calibration is:
the automatic calibration device of the elastic angle of the wind tunnel model supporting mechanism is pushed to a wind tunnel site, a power supply and a balance line are connected, and the power supply is started; and (3) inputting or selecting a balance calibration formula, inputting an installation state, loading the balance, and confirming the working performance of the balance.
And (3) turning off a power supply, adjusting the height of the lifting platform and the position of the transportation trolley, and correctly installing the automatic elastic angle calibrating device of the wind tunnel model supporting mechanism on a balance with a transition joint.
The first electric cylinders are controlled by a control system to extend to be in contact with the lower wall plate of the wind tunnel, the second electric cylinders do not work and do not contact with the wall plate of the wind tunnel, the two first electric cylinders are controlled to extend and retract, the loading head is loaded in the pitching direction, and the pitching angle is measured by an inclination angle sensor; measuring pitch angles of several groups (not less than 3 groups)Normal force Y, pitching moment Mz, through the formula:
calculating a balance elastic pitch angle correction coefficient generated by normal force Y by using a least square methodAnd a balance elastic pitch angle correction coefficient generated by the pitching moment Mz +.>。
The control system is used for controlling the first electric cylinders to retract to be separated from the lower wall plate of the wind tunnel, controlling the second electric cylinders to extend to be in contact with the lower wall plate and keep a certain preset force, then controlling the two second electric cylinders to extend one by one and shorten one to load in the rolling direction, measuring the rolling angle and calibrating the elastic angle of the rolling direction. Measuring the roll angles of a plurality of groups (not less than 3 groups) asRoll moment Mx, by the formula:
calculating and obtaining balance elastic rolling angle correction coefficient generated by rolling moment Mx by using least square method。
The control system is used for controlling the second electric cylinder to shrink to be separated from the ground, then the axis of the rock balance of the first electric cylinder is rotated by 90 degrees, the first electric cylinder is controlled to stretch out and draw back, the loading head is loaded in the yaw direction, the displacement sensor is used for measuring displacement, and the yaw angle is calculated, as shown in fig. 4; for the elastic angle calibration in the yaw direction, several groups (not less than 3 groups) of yaw angles are measured asLateral force Z, biasThe avionic moment My is calculated by the formula:
calculating and obtaining balance elastic sideslip angle correction coefficient generated by lateral force Z by using least square methodAnd a balance elastic sideslip angle correction coefficient generated by the yaw moment My.
The elastic angle calibration is completed in the mode, and the automatic elastic angle calibration device of the wind tunnel model supporting mechanism is retracted and pushed out of the wind tunnel site
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a wind tunnel model supporting mechanism elastic angle automatic calibration device, includes lifting mechanism and sets up the loading head on lifting mechanism, its characterized in that:
the two ends of the loading head are respectively connected with a first electric cylinder which is vertical to the axis of the loading head and can rotate around the axis of the loading head,
the loading head is provided with a connecting beam perpendicular to the axis, two ends of the connecting beam are respectively connected with a second electric cylinder, the second electric cylinders are perpendicular to the axis of the loading head, and the two second electric cylinders are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the loading head;
the lifting structure can finely adjust the posture of the loading head for being connected with the balance, the loading head is of a hollow structure, a transition structure is arranged in the hollow structure, the floating end of the rod balance in the hollow structure is connected with the loading head through the transition structure, the inclination sensor is arranged on the surface of the loading head,
the lifting mechanism can be separated from the loading head.
2. The automatic calibration device for the elastic angle of the wind tunnel model supporting mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the automatic calibration device comprises the following components: the first electric cylinder has two operating states,
when the first electric cylinder is vertical to the horizontal direction, the first electric cylinder performs pitching loading on the loading head,
when the first electric cylinder is parallel in the horizontal direction, the first electric cylinder performs yaw loading on the loading head.
3. The automatic calibration device for the elastic angle of the wind tunnel model supporting mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the automatic calibration device is characterized in that: when the first electric cylinder is used for yaw loading of the loading head, the yaw loading device comprises a bearing plate and a support, two displacement sensors are arranged on the support, the displacement sensors are horizontally arranged and perpendicular to the axis of the loading head, the yaw angle of the loading head is measured when yaw loading is carried out, and the bearing plate is in contact with the extending end of the first electric cylinder.
4. A wind tunnel model support mechanism elastic angle automatic calibration device according to claim 3, wherein: the lifting mechanism is arranged on the moving mechanism, and the bracket can be connected to the moving mechanism.
5. An automatic calibration device for the elastic angle of a wind tunnel model supporting mechanism according to any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that: the first electric cylinder is connected to the loading head through a sliding sleeve structure.
6. An automatic calibration device for the elastic angle of a wind tunnel model supporting mechanism according to any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that: the fixed ends of the first electric cylinder and the second electric cylinder are connected with the loading head through a hinge structure respectively, and universal hinge supports are arranged at the free ends of the first electric cylinder and the second electric cylinder.
7. The automatic calibration device for the elastic angle of the wind tunnel model supporting mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the automatic calibration device comprises the following components: and the position of the balance calibration center between the two second electric cylinders is adjusted by changing transition structures with different interface sizes.
8. The automatic calibration device for the elastic angle of the wind tunnel model supporting mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the automatic calibration process comprises the following steps:
step one: controlling the two second electric cylinders not to work so as to be in contact with the wind tunnel wallboard, controlling the two first electric cylinders to extend to be in contact with the wind tunnel lower wallboard, loading the loading head in the pitching direction through the two first electric cylinders, measuring the pitching angle through the inclination angle sensor, and calculating to obtain a balance elastic pitch angle correction coefficient generated by the normal force and a balance elastic pitch angle correction coefficient generated by the pitching moment through the normal force and the pitching moment measured by the balance;
step two: controlling the two first electric cylinders to retract to be separated from the lower wall plate of the wind tunnel, controlling the second electric cylinders to extend to be in contact with the lower wall plate, loading the loading head in the rolling direction through the two second electric cylinders, measuring the rolling angle, and calculating to obtain a balance elastic rolling angle correction coefficient generated by the rolling moment;
step three: the second electric cylinder is controlled to retract to be separated from the lower wall plate of the wind tunnel, the first electric cylinder is rotated by 90 degrees along the axis of the balance through the sliding sleeve structure, the loading heads are loaded in the yaw direction through the two second electric cylinders, displacement is measured by the displacement sensor, the yaw angle is calculated, and the balance elastic sideslip angle correction coefficient generated by the lateral force and the balance elastic sideslip angle correction coefficient generated by the yaw moment are calculated through the lateral force and the yaw moment measured by the balance.
9. The automatic calibration device for the elastic angle of the wind tunnel model supporting mechanism according to claim 8, wherein:
the data tested in the test process are not less than three groups, and coefficients are calculated through a least square method, specifically:
wherein: />Balance elastic pitch angle correction coefficient generated for normal force Y, +.>Balance elastic pitch angle correction coefficient generated for pitch moment Mz +.>Balance elastic sideslip angle correction factor generated for lateral force Z,>balance elastic sideslip angle correction coefficient generated for yaw moment My +.>Balance elastic roll angle correction factor generated for roll moment Mx +.>The elastic angle of the balance is calibrated statically.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310889948.6A CN116973071A (en) | 2023-07-20 | 2023-07-20 | Automatic calibration device for elastic angle of wind tunnel model supporting mechanism |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310889948.6A CN116973071A (en) | 2023-07-20 | 2023-07-20 | Automatic calibration device for elastic angle of wind tunnel model supporting mechanism |
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