CN116966444A - Beam shaping body for neutron capture therapy - Google Patents
Beam shaping body for neutron capture therapy Download PDFInfo
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- CN116966444A CN116966444A CN202311030313.7A CN202311030313A CN116966444A CN 116966444 A CN116966444 A CN 116966444A CN 202311030313 A CN202311030313 A CN 202311030313A CN 116966444 A CN116966444 A CN 116966444A
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- neutrons
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- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1042—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy with spatial modulation of the radiation beam within the treatment head
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1077—Beam delivery systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
- A61N2005/109—Neutrons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1092—Details
Abstract
The invention provides a beam shaping body for neutron capture therapy, wherein the beam shaping body comprises a neutron generating device, a retarder, a disturbance element and a beam outlet, the neutron generating device is used for generating neutrons, the neutrons form a neutron beam from the neutron generating device to the beam outlet, the retarder is adjacent to the neutron generating device and is used for adjusting fast neutrons in the neutron beam into epithermal neutrons, gamma rays are generated during the neutron generating process and the neutron beam energy spectrum adjusting process, and the disturbance element is positioned between the retarder and the beam outlet and is used for passing the neutron beam and reducing the content of the gamma rays in the neutron beam passing through the beam outlet. The technical scheme provided by the invention can effectively reduce the content of gamma rays in the neutron beam on the premise of not obviously influencing the quality of the neutron beam.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a beam shaper, and in particular to a beam shaper for neutron capture therapy.
Background
With the development of atomic science, radiation therapy such as cobalt sixty, linac, electron beam, etc. has become one of the main means for cancer therapy. However, the traditional photon or electron treatment is limited by the physical condition of the radioactive rays, and a large amount of normal tissues on the beam path can be damaged while killing tumor cells; in addition, due to the different sensitivity of tumor cells to radiation, traditional radiotherapy often has poor therapeutic effects on malignant tumors with relatively high radiation resistance (such as glioblastoma multiforme (glioblastoma multiforme) and melanoma (melanoma)).
In order to reduce radiation damage to normal tissue surrounding a tumor, the concept of target treatment in chemotherapy (chemotherapy) has been applied to radiotherapy; for tumor cells with high radiation resistance, radiation sources with high relative biological effects (relative biological effectiveness, RBE) such as proton therapy, heavy particle therapy, neutron capture therapy, etc. are also actively developed. The neutron capture treatment combines the two concepts, such as boron neutron capture treatment, and provides better cancer treatment selection than the traditional radioactive rays by means of the specific aggregation of boron-containing medicaments in tumor cells and the accurate neutron beam regulation.
Boron neutron capture therapy (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, BNCT) is carried out by using boron-containing 10 B) The medicine has the characteristic of high capture section for thermal neutrons by 10 B(n,α) 7 Li neutron capture and nuclear fission reaction generation 4 He (He) 7 Li two heavy charged particles. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, schematic and schematic diagrams of a boron neutron capture reaction are shown, respectively 10 B(n,α) 7 The Li neutron capture nuclear reaction equation has the average energy of two charged particles of about 2.33MeV, high linear transfer (Linear Energy Transfer, LET) and short range characteristics, and the linear energy transfer and range of alpha particles are 150keV/μm and 8 μm respectively 7 The Li heavy charged particles are 175 keV/mum and 5μm, the total range of the two particles is approximately equal to one cell size, so that the radiation injury caused to organisms can be limited at the cell level, and when boron-containing medicaments are selectively gathered in tumor cells, the purpose of killing the tumor cells locally can be achieved on the premise of not causing too great injury to normal tissues by matching with a proper neutron source.
In the neutron capture treatment process, a large amount of gamma rays are generated along with the generation of neutrons and the change of neutron energy spectrum in a beam integer, the gamma rays have extremely strong penetrating power, when a human body is irradiated by the gamma rays, the gamma rays can enter the interior of the human body and generate ionization action with cells in the human body, and ions generated by ionization can erode complex organic molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and enzymes, which are main components forming living cell tissues, once the living cell tissues are destroyed, normal chemical processes in the human body are disturbed, and the cells can be seriously killed.
No description has been found in the prior art of changing the beam shaping to reduce the gamma ray content of a neutron beam without affecting the quality of the neutron beam.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the content of gamma rays in a neutron beam during a neutron capture treatment, one aspect of the invention provides a beam shaping body for a neutron capture treatment, the beam shaping body comprising neutron generating means, a moderator, a perturbation element and a beam outlet, the neutron generating means being accommodated in the beam shaping body for generating neutrons forming a neutron beam in a direction from the neutron generating means to the beam outlet, the neutron beam defining a beam axis, the moderator being in close proximity to the neutron generating means and for modulating fast neutrons in the neutron beam to epithermal neutrons, wherein the beam shaping body generates gamma rays during the modulation of the neutron beam energy spectrum, the perturbation element being positioned between the moderator and the beam outlet for passing the neutron beam and reducing the content of gamma rays in the neutron beam passing through the beam outlet.
Wherein the perturbing member is positioned between the moderator and the beam outlet for passing the neutron beam and reducing the gamma ray content of the passing neutron beam with minimal impact on neutron energy. The invention uses the ratio of the gamma ray in the neutron beam to the neutron beam flux to evaluate the influence of the added disturbance element and the disturbance elements made of different materials on the gamma ray, and adopts the effective treatment depth, the effective treatment dose ratio and the depth of 30RBE-Gy treatment in the quality of the prosthesis beam to evaluate the addition of the disturbance element and the influence of the disturbance elements made of different materials on the neutron beam.
The effect of the perturbation element on the absorption, reflection, etc. of gamma rays is also related to the material constituting the perturbation element.
Preferably, in the beam shaping body for neutron capture treatment, the perturbation element is composed of a material of one, two or more of simple substances of rhenium, hafnium, lutetium, lead, cerium, zinc, bismuth, terbium, indium, antimony, gallium, lanthanum, tellurium, tin, selenium, yttrium, aluminum, strontium, barium, silicon, zirconium, rubidium, calcium, sulfur, iron, carbon, beryllium, magnesium, phosphorus, chromium, lithium, sodium and nickel.
It is further preferred that in the beam shaping body for neutron capture treatment, the internal structure of the perturbation element is a dense structure or a structure with pores.
The structure with the pores is relative to the compact structure, which means that the inside of the disturbance element is not compact and compact, but the solid material forming the disturbance element is taken as a whole and is provided with a plurality of pores, such as a honeycomb structure or a structure with hollow inside, and the density of the structure with the pores is smaller than that of the compact structure.
Still further, in the beam shaping body for neutron capture therapy, the perturbation element is a cylinder, and an axis of the cylinder coincides with or is parallel to the beam axis. The size of the cylinder is preferably 5-6 cm of the radius of the bottom surface of the cylinder, and the height of the cylinder is 3-5 cm. In a preferred embodiment, the size and shape of the perturbation elements are placed in a beam shaper having a height of 80-100 cm and a bottom radius of 60-70 cm, and the gamma ray content is significantly reduced by comparison with beam shapers without the perturbation elements added, although it is well known to those skilled in the art that placing the perturbation elements in beam shapers of other shapes or sizes also significantly reduces the gamma ray content, as will be described in more detail below.
Preferably, in the beam shaping body for neutron capture therapy, the retarder and the perturbing member are surrounded externally by a reflector for reflecting neutrons deviating from the neutron beam back to the neutron beam to increase the neutron beam intensity, the reflector being composed of a neutron-reflecting material, preferably at least one of lead or nickel. When the gamma rays encounter disturbance elements, the disturbance elements absorb the gamma rays through the photoelectric effect, scatter the gamma rays through the Compton effect or convert the gamma rays into positive and negative electron pairs through the electron pair effect, so that the content of the gamma rays in the neutron beams is reduced, and the gamma rays scattered by the disturbance elements encounter the reflector and are further attenuated through reabsorption or reflection.
Preferably, in the beam shaping body for neutron capture therapy, when the perturbation element is composed of any element of rhenium, hafnium, lutetium, lead, cerium, zinc, bismuth, terbium, indium or antimony, the gamma rays account for at least 30% reduction in the specific gravity of the neutron beam. By a reduction of at least 30% in the specific gravity of the neutron beam, it is meant that the ratio of gamma rays in the neutron beam to the neutron beam flux is reduced by at least 30%, so that the content of gamma rays in the neutron beam can be effectively reduced when the simple substance is used as a disturbance element.
Further, in the beam shaping body for neutron capture treatment, when the perturbation element is composed of one, two or more mixed materials of rhenium, hafnium, lutetium, lead, cerium, zinc, bismuth, terbium, indium, antimony, gallium, lanthanum, tellurium, tin, selenium, yttrium, aluminum, strontium, barium, silicon, zirconium, rubidium, calcium, sulfur, iron, carbon, beryllium, magnesium, phosphorus, chromium, lithium, sodium and nickel simple substances, the effective treatment depth is not less than 10.69cm, and the treatment depth of the effective treatment dose ratio is not less than 5.54,30RBE-Gy is not less than 6.77cm in the quality of the prosthesis beam of the neutron beam passing through the perturbation element. .
In the neutron capture treatment process, the quality of the neutron beam plays a vital role in the treatment effect, and on the other hand, the content of gamma rays in the neutron beam is reduced on the premise of not obviously influencing the quality of the neutron beam, when the effective treatment depth is more than or equal to 10cm, the effective treatment dosage ratio is more than or equal to 5.5, the 30RBE-Gy treatable depth is more than or equal to 6.5cm, the treatment effect is good, the optimal treatment depth is more than or equal to 10.69cm, and the treatment depth of the effective treatment dosage ratio is more than or equal to 5.54,30RBE-Gy is more than or equal to 6.77cm.
The shape, structure and materials of the disturbance element are not limited to those defined by the above preferred technical solutions, and all disturbance elements placed in the beam shaping body are within the scope of the present invention as long as they can reduce the gamma ray content in the neutron beam and have no obvious negative effect on the quality of the neutron beam.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a beam shaping body containing a diamond-type retarder;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a perturbation element having an aperture structure in a beam shaping body;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a beam shaping body containing a cylindrical retarder.
Detailed Description
Neutron capture therapy has been increasingly used in recent years as an effective means of treating cancer, with boron neutron capture therapy being the most common, where neutrons can be supplied by nuclear reactors or accelerators; neutrons, whether supplied by nuclear reactors or accelerators, tend to be accompanied by a large number of gamma rays during neutron production. Taking accelerator boron neutron capture therapy as an example, the basic components of accelerator boron neutron capture therapy generally comprise an accelerator for accelerating charged particles (such as protons, deuterons and the like), a target and heat removal system and a beam shaping body, wherein the accelerated charged particles react with a metal target to generate neutrons, and proper nuclear reactions are selected according to the required neutron yield and energy, available energy and current of the accelerated charged particles, physicochemical properties of the metal target and the like, and the nuclear reactions often discussed are 7 Li(p,n) 7 Be and Be 9 Be(p,n) 9 And B, performing an endothermic reaction. The energy threshold values of the two nuclear reactions are 1.881MeV and 2.055MeV respectively, because the ideal neutron source for boron neutron capture treatment is epithermal neutrons with the energy level of keV, in theory, if protons with the energy just slightly higher than the threshold value are used for bombarding a metal lithium target material, relatively low-energy neutrons can Be generated, the clinical treatment can Be realized without too much retarding treatment, however, the two types of lithium metal (Li) and beryllium metal (Be)The cross section of the target material where protons with threshold energy act is not high, and in order to generate a neutron flux large enough, protons with higher energy are usually selected to initiate nuclear reaction.
The ideal target should have the characteristics of high neutron yield, close neutron energy distribution generated to the epithermal neutron energy region (which will be described in detail later), no too much strong penetrating radiation generation, safety, low cost, easy operation, high temperature resistance, etc., but practically no nuclear reaction meeting all the requirements can be found, and the target is made of lithium metal in the embodiment of the invention. However, it is well known to those skilled in the art that the material of the target may be made of other metallic materials than those mentioned above.
Whether the neutron source of the boron neutron capture treatment is from nuclear reaction of charged particles of a nuclear reactor or an accelerator and a target, the generated mixed radiation field is that the beam contains neutrons and photons with low energy to high energy; for boron neutron capture treatment of deep tumors, the more radiation content, except for epithermal neutrons, the greater the proportion of non-selective dose deposition of normal tissue, and therefore the less radiation that will cause unnecessary doses.
The international atomic energy organization (IAEA) gives a recommendation of air beam quality for neutron sources for clinical boron neutron capture therapy, which can be used to compare the merits of different neutron sources and serve as a reference basis for selecting neutron production paths and designing beam shaping bodies. Among the suggestions for photon pollution are: photon pollution Photon contamination<2x 10 -13 Gy-cm 2 /n
Photon contamination, also known as gamma ray contamination, which is a strong penetrating radiation that non-selectively causes dose deposition of all tissues in the beam path, therefore reducing gamma ray content is also an essential requirement for neutron beam design, gamma ray contamination is defined as the dose of gamma rays accompanied by the unit epithermal neutron flux, and IAEA is recommended to be less than 2x 10 for gamma ray contamination -13 Gy-cm 2 /n。
Note that: the epithermal neutron energy region is between 0.5eV and 40keV, the thermal neutron energy region is less than 0.5eV, and the fast neutron energy region is more than 40keV.
In addition to the air beam quality factor, in order to better understand the dose distribution of neutrons in the human body, the embodiments of the present invention use a human head tissue prosthesis for dose calculation, and use the prosthesis beam quality factor as a design reference for neutron beams, as will be described in detail below.
The dose distribution in the tissue is obtained by using the prosthesis, and the quality factor of the prosthesis beam is deduced according to the dose-depth curve of normal tissue and tumor. The following two parameters can be used to make a comparison of the therapeutic benefits of different neutron beams.
1. Effective treatment depth (AD):
the tumor dose is equal to the depth of the maximum dose of normal tissue, and at a position behind the depth, the tumor cells obtain a dose smaller than the maximum dose of normal tissue, i.e. the advantage of boron neutron capture is lost. This parameter represents the penetration capacity of the neutron beam, with a greater effective treatment depth indicating a deeper treatable tumor depth in cm.
2. Effective therapeutic dose ratio (AR):
the average dose ratio received from the brain surface to the effective treatment depth, tumor and normal tissue, is referred to as the effective treatment dose ratio; calculation of the average dose can be obtained from the integration of the dose-depth curve. The larger the effective therapeutic dose ratio, the better the therapeutic benefit of the neutron beam.
In order to make the beam shaping body relatively based on design, the following parameters for evaluating the neutron beam dose performance are utilized in the embodiments of the present invention:
1. 30.0RBE-Gy with a therapeutic depth of ∈7cm;
2、AD≧10cm；
3、AR≧5.5。
note that: RBE (Relative Biological Effectiveness) is the relative biological effect, and the above dose terms are multiplied by the relative biological effects of different tissues to obtain the equivalent dose, because the biological effects caused by photons and neutrons are different.
The following description will further explain the technical solution of the present invention by referring to the drawings, the beam shaping body 100 for neutron capture treatment shown in fig. 1 includes a neutron generating device 110, a retarder 120, a turbulence element 130, a beam outlet 140 and a reflector 150, where the neutron generating device 110 is divided into a nuclear reactor type neutron generating device and an accelerator type neutron generating device, although the two neutron generating devices generate different neutron mechanisms, in the neutron generating process, a large number of gamma rays with strong penetrability are accompanied, neutrons generated by the neutron generating device are converged into a neutron beam 160, the center line of the neutron beam 160 is defined as a neutron axis X, and since the neutron beam 160 generated by the neutron generating device not only includes epithermal neutrons required for treatment, but also includes fast neutrons, thermal neutrons, gamma rays and the like, which cause damage to patients, the neutron beam 160 needs to be filtered by the retarder 120, and the fast neutrons in the neutron beam 160 are retarded as epithermal neutrons; the neutrons diffuse to the periphery away from the direction of the neutron beam 160 during the process of being retarded by the retarder 120, and the reflector 150 is used for reflecting the neutrons diffuse to the periphery back to the neutron beam 160 so as to increase the intensity of the neutron beam 160; the reflector 150 is mainly composed of a substance having a strong neutron reflecting ability (such as lead or nickel); the perturbation element 130 is located between the retarder 120 and the beam outlet 140, and the axis of the perturbation element 130 and the neutron axis X are parallel or coincident, the perturbation element 130 may be made of one, two or more materials selected from rhenium, hafnium, lutetium, lead, cerium, zinc, bismuth, terbium, indium, antimony, gallium, lanthanum, tellurium, tin, selenium, yttrium, aluminum, strontium, barium, silicon, zirconium, rubidium, calcium, sulfur, iron, carbon, beryllium, magnesium, phosphorus, chromium, lithium, sodium and nickel simple substances, and the perturbation element 130 may be a small-sized cuboid, cube, sphere, cylinder or irregular-shaped body so as to reduce the gamma ray content in the neutron beam and have no obvious negative effect on the quality of the neutron beam, the perturbation element 130 in the beam shaping body 100 shown in fig. 1 is a cylinder, and the description of the cylinder is only for illustrating the technical scheme of the invention, and does not limit the technical scheme to be protected. The neutron beam 160 passes through the perturbation element 130, wherein gamma rays are absorbed, reflected or scattered by the perturbation element 130, so that the content of gamma rays in the neutron beam 160 is reduced, and in addition, gamma rays reflected or scattered by the perturbation element 130 deviate from the neutron beam to be irradiated onto the reflector 150, the gamma rays undergo Compton effect, photoelectric effect or electron pair effect under the action of the reflector 150 to be further attenuated, and the gamma rays leave the beam shaping body 100 from the beam outlet 140 after being filtered.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a beam shaper comprising a retarder in the shape of a cylinder, which is the same principle as the beam shaper comprising a retarder of diamond type as shown in fig. 1 for use in a neutron capture treatment, the beam shaper 200 comprises a neutron generating device 210, a retarder 220, a turbulence element 230, a beam outlet 240 and a reflector 250, the centerline of the neutron beam being defined as neutron axis Y, wherein the retarder 220 is a cylinder, and fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the retarder of the cylinder.
The attenuation of gamma rays is not only related to the material of the perturbing member, but also related to the structure and shape of the perturbing member, the perturbing member is divided into a perturbing member with a compact structure and a perturbing member with a pore structure according to different structures, in general, the shielding effect of the perturbing member with the compact structure on gamma rays is better than that of the perturbing member with the pore structure, fig. 2 is a schematic cross section of the cylindrical perturbing member 130, the material 131 forming the perturbing member 130 is a complete whole and simultaneously has a plurality of pores 132, the perturbing member with the pore structure is not as effective as the perturbing member with the compact structure in shielding gamma rays, but the required material is relatively less, and in economic sense, the perturbing member with the pore structure can meet the requirement that the content of gamma rays in the neutron beam is reduced without obvious negative influence on the quality of the neutron beam.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme of the invention are illustrated by the following examples:
example 1 ]
The attenuation of gamma rays and neutron beam quality in this example was calculated using MCNP software (a universal software package for calculating neutron, photon, charged particle or coupled neutron/photon/charged particle transport problems in three-dimensional complex geometries based on the monte carlo method developed by the american los alamos national laboratory (LosAlamos National Laboratory)), wherein the perturbation elements in the beam shaper in this example are cylinders with the pore structure shown in fig. 1 and 2 and the retarders in the beam shaper consist of 85% magnesium fluoride and 15% lithium fluoride, the retarders are diamond shaped as shown in fig. 1, the diamond-shaped retarders consist of a first cone portion and a second cone portion, the first cone portion is adjacent to the second cone portion, and the outer contours of the two cones are inclined in opposite directions as shown in fig. 1; the height of the disturbance element of the cylinder is 10cm, the radius of the bottom circle is 5cm, the disturbance element is positioned between the retarder and the beam outlet, and the influence of the disturbance element on the quality of the sub-beam and the shielding effect on gamma rays under the above conditions are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of a cylindrical disturbance element with a bottom radius of 5cm and a height of 10cm on beamlet quality and shielding effect on gamma rays
In the comparative example of this embodiment, no disturbing element was provided, the remaining parameters of the comparative example were the same as those of the beam shaping body of the above-described embodiment, and the gamma ray content in the neutron beam of the comparative example was 8.78×10 -14 Gy*cm 2 And/n, the effective treatment depth is 10.74cm, the effective treatment metering ratio is 5.61,30RBE-Gy, and the depth is 7.27cm. By comparison, the perturbation elements respectively formed by 33 simple substances in the embodiment have no obvious negative effect on the neutron beam quality of the beam shaping body, the effective treatment depth (AD) is 10.74+/-0.12, the effective treatment dose ratio (AR) is 5.6+/-0.09,30RBE-Gy, the treatment depth is 7.3+/-0.13, and the gamma ray content in the neutron beam is reduced to different degrees.
Example 2 ]
In this example, the perturbation element is a cylinder with a compact structure, wherein the radius of the bottom surface of the cylinder is 6cm, the height of the cylinder is 3cm, and the other conditions are the same as those in example 1, and the MCNP software is used to calculate the influence of several substances including lead, bismuth, nickel, aluminum and carbon on the quality of the beamlet and the shielding effect on gamma rays when the perturbation element is used as the perturbation element, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 influence of cylindrical disturbance element of compact structure with bottom radius of 6cm and height of 3cm on neutron beam quality using magnesium fluoride and lithium fluoride as retarder and shielding effect on gamma ray
Different materials are used as the perturbation elements to shield gamma rays, so that the embodiment only randomly selects lead, bismuth, nickel, aluminum and carbon as the perturbation elements respectively to illustrate the technical effect of adding the perturbation elements into the beam shaping body, and the materials forming the perturbation elements are not limited to the substances. In this example, the comparative example was identical to the comparative example in example 1, and no disturbing element was provided, and the remaining parameters were identical to those of the example. The gamma ray content of the neutron beam of the comparative example was 8.78×10 -14 Gy*cm 2 And/n, the effective treatment depth is 10.74cm, the effective treatment metering ratio is 5.61,30RBE-Gy, the depth is 7.27cm, and the comparison shows that the solid disturbance element can play a role in better shielding the gamma rays on the premise of improving the quality of the photon beam.
Example 3 ]
In this embodiment, the retarder is made of aluminum fluoride, the retarder is diamond-shaped as in embodiment 1, the turbulence element is a cylinder with a pore structure, the size of the cylinder is 6cm in radius of the bottom surface, the height of the cylinder is 3cm, and the turbulence element is located between the retarder and the beam outlet. Under the above conditions, the MCNP software was used to calculate the effect of the perturbation element on beamlet quality and the effect of the perturbation element on gamma ray shielding when lead, bismuth, aluminum and carbon are used as the perturbation elements, and the results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 influence of cylindrical perturbation elements with pore structures with bottom radius of 6cm and height of 3cm on neutron beam quality with aluminum fluoride as retarder and shielding effect on gamma rays
Different materials are used as the perturbation elements to shield gamma rays, so that the embodiment only randomly selects lead, bismuth, aluminum and carbon as the perturbation elements respectively to illustrate the technical effect of adding the perturbation elements into the beam shaping body, and the materials forming the perturbation elements are not limited to the substances. The experimental conditions of the comparative example and example 3 differ from each other only in that no turbulence element was provided in the comparative example, and in that the other conditions are the same as those of the beam shaping body in example 3, the gamma ray content in the neutron beam of the comparative example is 11.9×10 -14 Gy*cm 2 According to Table 3, it can be seen that the retarder of different materials has an effect on the quality of the medium beamlet, and in this embodiment, the depth of 30RBE-Gy is reduced compared with that of both embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, and the reduction of the treatment depth is caused by the difference of the materials of the retarder, and it can be seen that the comparative examples of embodiment 3 and embodiment 3: under the condition of retarder with the same material, the existence of the disturbance element has an improved effect on the quality of the neutron beam, and the disturbance element can effectively shield gamma rays in the neutron beam.
Example 4 ]
In this example, fluental was selected as the retarder material (Fluental is the retarder material mentioned in patent US 5703918B), and the other parameters were the same as those in example 3, and MCNP software was used to calculate the influence of several substances, including lead, bismuth, aluminum and carbon, on the quality of the beamlet and the shielding effect on gamma rays when the perturbing element was used as the perturbing element, and the results are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 influence of cylindrical perturbation element with pore structure with bottom radius of 6cm and height of 3cm on neutron beam quality using Fluental as retarder and shielding effect on gamma ray
Different materials are used as the perturbation elements to shield gamma rays, so that the embodiment only randomly selects lead, bismuth, aluminum and carbon as the perturbation elements respectively to illustrate the technical effect of adding the perturbation elements into the beam shaping body, and the materials forming the perturbation elements are not limited to the substances. The beam shaping body in the embodiment is not provided with a disturbance element as a comparison example, and the content of gamma rays in the neutron beam in the comparison example is 9.25×10 -14 The effective treatment depth is 10.86cm, the effective treatment metering ratio is 5.47,30RBE-Gy, and the depth is 6.67cm. In this example, the neutron beam quality was reduced to a different extent than in examples 1 to 3, and the depth of 30RBE-Gy was reduced by using different retarder materials, but it can be seen from the comparison between example 4 and comparative example: the existence of the disturbance elements in the embodiment obviously reduces the content of gamma rays in the neutron beam, and the neutron beam quality is increased compared with the depth of the neutron beam quality 30RBE-Gy of the comparative example.
Example 5 ]
In this embodiment, 85% of magnesium fluoride and 15% of lithium fluoride are selected as retarder materials, wherein the retarder is in the shape of a cylinder, and fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the BSA in this embodiment, the turbulence element is a cylinder with a hole and is located between the retarder and the beam outlet, wherein the height of the turbulence element of the cylinder is 10cm, and the radius of the bottom circle is 5cm. The effect of the perturbation element on beamlet quality under the above conditions and the shielding effect on gamma rays are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 influence of perturbation elements in the beam shaping body on neutron beam produced by the retarder of the cylinder and shielding effect on gamma rays
Different materials are used as the perturbation elements to shield gamma rays, so that the embodiment only randomly selects rhenium, lead, bismuth, aluminum and carbon as the perturbation elements to illustrate the technical effect of adding the perturbation elements into the beam shaping body, and the materials forming the perturbation elements are not limited to the substances. The beam shaping body in the embodiment is not provided with a disturbance element as a comparison example, and the content of gamma rays in the neutron beam in the comparison example is 6.47 x 10 -14 The effective treatment depth is 12.82cm, the effective treatment metering ratio is 5.58,30RBE-Gy, and the depth is 8.76cm, as can be seen by comparing the example 5 with the corresponding comparative example: in the disturbance element which is respectively made of different materials in the beam shaping body, the quality of the neutron beam at the beam outlet of the beam shaping body where the disturbance element is located is improved to different degrees, such as the effective treatment depth is increased to different degrees compared with the depth of 30RBE-Gy, the treatment effect is favorably influenced, the content of gamma rays in the neutron beam is reduced to different degrees compared with the comparative example, and the retarder adopted in the embodiment is a cylinder, so that no matter what shape the retarder is in the beam shaping body, the existence of the disturbance element can effectively reduce the content of gamma rays in the neutron beam on the premise that the quality of the neutron beam is not obviously negatively influenced.
It can be seen from examples 1 and 2 that the internal structure of the perturbation element, whether it is a porous or compact structure, has a shielding effect on gamma rays in the beamlet; it can be found by comparing the embodiment 1, the embodiment 3 and the embodiment 4 that the retarder with different materials has an effect on the quality of the neutron beam under the condition that the rest parameters are the same, but the existence of the disturbance element can obviously reduce the content of gamma rays in the neutron beam under the condition of the retarder with the same material, thereby further explaining the improvement effect of the disturbance element on the quality of the neutron beam.
The beam shaping bodies in the above embodiments 1 to 5 are all cylinders, the height of the cylinder as the beam shaping body is 80 to 100cm, and the radius of the bottom surface of the cylinder is 60 to 70cm. As can be seen from examples 1 to 5, the nature of the perturbing member capable of reducing the gamma ray content in the neutron beam without significantly adversely affecting the quality of the neutron beam is not substantially affected by factors other than the perturbing member, and in the technical solution provided in the present invention, no matter how large the perturbing member is with respect to the beam shaping body, the presence of the perturbing member can reduce the gamma ray content in the neutron beam, but it should be noted that, in the same beam shaping body, the larger the size of the perturbing member, the effect of the perturbing member on the quality of the neutron beam is correspondingly increased; while the smaller the perturbation element size, the less impact it has on the quality of the neutron beam, but the degree of attenuation of gamma rays in the neutron beam is correspondingly reduced.
The shielding effect of the disturbance element on the gamma rays in the neutron beam is mainly achieved through the absorption or reflection effect of the material constituting the disturbance element on the gamma rays, the gamma rays in the neutron beam can be attenuated to a certain extent only through the disturbance element, and whether the disturbance element can reduce the content of the gamma rays in the neutron beam is not determined by the shape and the size of the disturbance element and the position of the disturbance element in the beam integral body.
The beam shaping body for neutron capture therapy disclosed in the present invention is not limited to the structures described in the above embodiments and shown in the drawings. Obvious changes, substitutions, or modifications to the materials, shapes, and positions of the components therein are made on the basis of the present invention, and are within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. A beam shaper for neutron capture therapy, the beam shaper comprising a neutron generating device, a moderator, a perturbation element and a beam exit, the neutron generating device being accommodated in the beam shaper for generating neutrons, the neutrons forming a neutron beam in a direction from the neutron generating device to the beam exit, the neutron beam defining a beam axis, the moderator being in close proximity to the neutron generating device and for modulating fast neutrons in the neutron beam to epithermal neutrons, wherein the beam shaper generates gamma rays during modulation of the neutron beam energy spectrum, the perturbation element being positioned between the moderator and the beam exit for passing the neutron beam and reducing the content of gamma rays in the neutron beam passing the beam exit, the perturbation element being a cylinder, and the axis of the cylinder being coincident with or parallel to the beam axis. The radius of the bottom surface of the cylinder is 5-6 cm, and the height of the cylinder is 3-5 cm.
2. The beam shaping body for neutron capture therapy of claim 1, wherein the perturbation elements are composed of materials of one, two or more of simple substances of rhenium, hafnium, lutetium, lead, cerium, zinc, bismuth, terbium, indium, antimony, gallium, lanthanum, tellurium, tin, selenium, yttrium, aluminum, strontium, barium, silicon, zirconium, rubidium, calcium, sulfur, iron, carbon, beryllium, magnesium, phosphorus, chromium, lithium, sodium, and nickel.
3. The beam shaper for neutron capture therapy of claim 1, wherein the perturbation element internal structure is a dense structure or a structure with voids.
4. The beam shaping body for neutron capture therapy of claim 1, wherein the moderator and perturber externally surround a reflector for reflecting neutrons off of the neutron beam back to the neutron beam to increase neutron beam intensity, the reflector being composed of a neutron-reflecting material.
5. The beam shaping body for neutron capture therapy according to claim 1, wherein when the neutron beam containing gamma rays passes through the perturbation element, the perturbation element absorbs gamma rays through photoelectric effect, scatters gamma rays through compton effect or converts gamma rays into positive and negative electron pairs through electron pair effect respectively to reduce the content of gamma rays in the neutron beam, and the gamma rays scattered by the perturbation element are further attenuated through reabsorption or reflection after encountering the reflector.
6. The beam shaper for neutron capture therapy of claim 2, wherein the gamma rays comprise at least a 30% reduction in the specific gravity of the neutron beam when the perturbation element is comprised of any element of rhenium, hafnium, lutetium, lead, cerium, zinc, bismuth, terbium, indium, or antimony.
7. The beam shaper for neutron capture therapy of claim 2, wherein the effective therapeutic depth is ≡10.69cm, the effective therapeutic dose ratio is ≡ 5.54,30RBE-Gy therapeutic depth is ≡6.77cm in the prosthetic beam quality of the neutron beam passing through the perturbation element.
8. The beam shaper for neutron capture therapy of any of claims 1-7, wherein the fast neutron energy region is greater than 40keV and the epithermal neutron energy region is between 0.5eV and 40keV.
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