CN116965980A

CN116965980A - Tibial prosthesis and knee prosthesis

Info

Publication number: CN116965980A
Application number: CN202210432135.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈凯旋; 李汉涛; 杨标; 赵开宇; 孙延东
Original assignee: Suzhou Microport Orthorecon Co Ltd
Current assignee: Suzhou Microport Orthorecon Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-04-22
Filing date: 2022-04-22
Publication date: 2023-10-31

Abstract

The present invention provides a tibial prosthesis and a knee prosthesis, the tibial prosthesis comprising: the tibia pad, the tibia support, the driving piece and the locking piece; the tibia pad is detachably connected with the tibia tray; the driving member is rotatably arranged around a first axis; the locking member is movably disposed between a locked position and an unlocked position along a second axis that is angled with respect to the first axis; the locking piece can relatively move between the tibia pad and the tibia support when being positioned at the unlocking position, and the relative movement between the tibia pad and the tibia support is locked when being positioned at the locking position; the drive member is configured to rotate about the first axis to drive the locking member from an unlocked position to the locked position along the second axis. So configured, only through rotating the driving piece, the tibia pad and the tibia support can be locked and unlocked, and the space required during operation is small, and the operation is simple.

Description

Tibial prosthesis and knee prosthesis

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a tibial prosthesis and a knee joint prosthesis.

Background

The artificial knee joint replacement operation can effectively eradicate the pain of the late knee joint, and the life quality of patients is greatly improved. Prosthetic knee prostheses used in surgery typically consist of a femoral prosthesis and a tibial prosthesis, wherein the tibial prosthesis typically comprises a tibial tray and a tibial insert. During operation, the tibia support is arranged at the proximal end of tibia, the lower part of the tibia pad is locked on the tibia support, and the upper part of the tibia pad is attached to the femur condyle to form a joint surface.

In the tibial prosthesis with the fixed platform, the locking principle of the tibial gasket is to restrict the freedom degrees of the tibial gasket in six directions in space through a locking structure so as to provide a stable joint surface for the femoral condyle. However, the locking structure of the tibial prostheses commonly used at present is complex, resulting in inconvenient installation during surgical implantation and difficult disassembly during revision surgery.

In addition, the doctor generally determines the model of the tibial prosthesis according to the size of the femur and tibia of the patient, and ideally the femoral condyle, the tibial insert and the tibial tray of the same model are matched, but in practical clinic, in the case of determining the size of the femoral condyle prosthesis, a larger or smaller tibial tray needs to be selected because the tibia of the patient is bigger or smaller, which requires that the tibial tray can be matched with the tibial inserts of different models. In the existing tibial prosthesis, the universality between a single tibial tray and tibial inserts of different models is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a tibia prosthesis and a knee joint prosthesis, which are used for solving the problems of inconvenient assembly and disassembly or poor wildness of the existing tibia prosthesis.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a tibial prosthesis, comprising: the tibia pad, the tibia support, the driving piece and the locking piece;

the tibia pad is detachably connected with the tibia tray;

the driving member is rotatably arranged around a first axis; the locking member is movably disposed between a locked position and an unlocked position along a second axis that is angled with respect to the first axis;

the locking piece can relatively move between the tibia pad and the tibia support when being positioned at the unlocking position, and the relative movement between the tibia pad and the tibia support is locked when being positioned at the locking position;

the drive member is configured to rotate about the first axis to drive the locking member from an unlocked position to the locked position along the second axis.

Optionally, the drive member is configured to rotate in opposite directions about the first axis to drive the locking member from the locked position to the unlocked position along the second axis.

Optionally, the driving member comprises circumferential teeth arranged around the first axis, and the locking member comprises a rack arranged along a second axis; the circumferential teeth are in meshed connection with the racks.

Optionally, the tibial prosthesis includes two locking pieces, the racks of the two locking pieces being arranged opposite each other; when the driving piece rotates, the two locking pieces are driven to move in opposite directions.

Optionally, the driving member includes a cam disposed about the first axis, and the locking member is configured to abut against an outer periphery of the cam.

Optionally, the cross section of the cam is elliptical; the locking piece is used for being abutted against one end of the cam and provided with a concave cambered surface.

Optionally, the tibial prosthesis further comprises a potential energy assembly for providing potential energy to the locking member in a direction toward the driver or away from the driver.

Optionally, the tibial tray includes a limit slot disposed along the second axis, the locking element being movably coupled to the tibial insert along the second axis and limited by the tibial insert along degrees of freedom other than the second axis; when the locking piece is positioned at the locking position, the locking piece penetrates into the limiting groove; and when the locking piece is positioned at the unlocking position, the locking piece is withdrawn from the limiting groove.

Optionally, the tibial tray includes a peripheral edge; the tibial insert includes a mounting platform that is adapted to the shape of the area enclosed by the rim, the mounting platform being adapted to fit into the area enclosed by the rim.

Optionally, the tibial tray includes a boss disposed on an inner sidewall of the peripheral edge; the tibia pad comprises a notch arranged on the outer side wall of the mounting table, the notch is matched with the boss, and when the mounting table is assembled into the area surrounded by the surrounding edge, the boss is clamped into the notch.

Optionally, the surrounding edge has a first driving hole, the mounting table has a second driving hole, and when the mounting table is assembled into the area surrounded by the surrounding edge, the first driving hole is aligned with the second driving hole and is used for the driving piece to pass through.

Optionally, the mounting table has a receiving groove opened along the second axis, and the receiving groove is used for receiving the locking piece.

Optionally, the tibial prosthesis includes the tibial tray and a plurality of tibial inserts with different types, and the mounting platforms of the tibial inserts with different types have the same shape and are matched with the shape of the area surrounded by the surrounding edge of the tibial tray; or alternatively, the process may be performed,

the tibial prosthesis comprises the tibial gasket and a plurality of tibial trays with different types, wherein the shapes of the surrounding areas of the tibial trays with different types are the same, and the shapes of the surrounding areas are matched with the shapes of the mounting tables of the tibial gasket.

Optionally, the tibial prosthesis further comprises a damping member for providing damping to the driving member to limit rotation of the driving member when the applied torque is less than a preset threshold.

Optionally, the damping piece includes having elastic lantern ring, the lantern ring set up in on the tibia holds in the palm, the lantern ring has the hole, the cross sectional shape of hole with the outline shape looks adaptation of driving piece, at least a portion of driving piece wears to locate in the hole.

Optionally, the collar has a first tooth portion on a circumferential wall of the inner hole, and the driving piece has a second tooth portion adapted to the first tooth portion; the first tooth part and the second tooth part are meshed when the torque applied to the driving part is smaller than a preset threshold value; when the torque applied to the driving piece is not smaller than a preset threshold value, the driving piece rotates, and the second tooth part extrudes and deforms the first tooth part.

Optionally, the first axis is perpendicular to the second axis.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides a tibia prosthesis, a femur prosthesis thereof and the tibia prosthesis.

In summary, in the tibial prosthesis and the knee prosthesis provided by the present invention, the tibial prosthesis includes: the tibia pad, the tibia support, the driving piece and the locking piece; the tibia pad is detachably connected with the tibia tray; the driving member is rotatably arranged around a first axis; the locking member is movably disposed between a locked position and an unlocked position along a second axis that is angled with respect to the first axis; the locking piece can relatively move between the tibia pad and the tibia support when being positioned at the unlocking position, and the relative movement between the tibia pad and the tibia support is locked when being positioned at the locking position; the drive member is configured to rotate about the first axis to drive the locking member from an unlocked position to the locked position along the second axis.

So dispose, only need through rotating the driving piece, can realize locking and unblock to tibia liner and tibia support, the required space is little during the operation, and the installation need not exert actions such as great strength or strike, easy operation. In addition, if the external dimension of the tibial gasket is not correct after the installation, the joint surface clearance between the tibial gasket and the femoral condyle is not good, or when a revision operation is performed, the tibial gasket can be conveniently unlocked, taken out and replaced, and the universality of the tibial tray and the tibial gaskets of different models is improved.

Drawings

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the figures are provided for a better understanding of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the scope of the present invention. Wherein:

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a knee prosthesis according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of a tibial prosthesis according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tibial prosthesis shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a driving member and damping member according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a locking element according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of a tibial tray of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a tibial insert of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a tibial insert of an embodiment of the present invention taken in a transverse direction;

fig. 9 is a top plan view of a superposition of different models of tibial trays in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a smaller-sized tibial tray and larger-sized tibial insert assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a larger model tibial tray and smaller model tibial insert assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a driving member and locking member of another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13a is a side view of a drive member and a locking member of another embodiment of the present invention with the locking member in an unlocked position;

FIG. 13b is a side view of the drive member and locking member of another embodiment of the present invention with the locking member in a locked position;

fig. 14 is a perspective view of a tibial prosthesis according to another embodiment of the present invention.

In the accompanying drawings:

1-tibial insert; 12-a mounting table; 13-notch; 14-a containing groove; 15-a second drive hole; 2-tibial tray; 21-surrounding edges; 22-boss; 23-a limit groove; 24-a first drive hole; 25-collar mounting holes; 3-a driving member; 31-a force application structure; 32-circumferential teeth; 33-cam; 34-a second tooth; 4-collar; 41-inner hole; 42-first teeth; 5-locking member; 51-rack; 52-cambered surface; 6-femoral condyle prosthesis.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments thereof in order to make the objects, advantages and features of the invention more apparent. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not drawn to scale, merely for convenience and clarity in aiding in the description of embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, the structures shown in the drawings are often part of actual structures. In particular, the drawings are shown with different emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the various embodiments.

As used in this disclosure, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents, the term "or" are generally used in the sense of comprising "and/or" and the term "several" are generally used in the sense of comprising "at least one," the term "at least two" are generally used in the sense of comprising "two or more," and the term "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying any relative importance or number of features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "first," "second," "third," or the like, may explicitly or implicitly include one or at least two such features, with "one end" and "another end" and "proximal end" and "distal end" generally referring to the corresponding two portions, including not only the endpoints. Furthermore, as used in this disclosure, "mounted," "connected," and "disposed" with respect to another element should be construed broadly to mean generally only that there is a connection, coupling, mating or transmitting relationship between the two elements, and that there may be a direct connection, coupling, mating or transmitting relationship between the two elements or indirectly through intervening elements, and that no spatial relationship between the two elements is to be understood or implied, i.e., that an element may be in any orientation, such as internal, external, above, below, or to one side, of the other element unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances. Furthermore, directional terms, such as above, below, upper, lower, upward, downward, left, right, etc., are used with respect to the exemplary embodiments as they are shown in the drawings, upward or upward toward the top of the corresponding drawing, downward or downward toward the bottom of the corresponding drawing.

The following description refers to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a knee prosthesis comprising a femoral condyle prosthesis 6 and a tibial prosthesis comprising a tibial insert 1 and a tibial tray 2; one end of the femoral condyle prosthesis 6 is adapted to be secured to the distal surgically-prepared femur, the other end of the femoral condyle prosthesis 6 is adapted to be coupled to the tibial insert 1 to replace the articular surface of the distal femur, and the tibial tray 2 is adapted to be secured to the proximal surgically-prepared tibia, providing a fixed mounting platform for the tibial insert 1 to facilitate mounting of the tibial insert 1 on the tibial tray 2. The tibial insert 1 is used to replace the articular surface of the proximal tibia.

The inventor has found that the conventional tibial prosthesis is often required to be assembled into the tibial tray by pressing down or knocking the tibial insert 1, and the stability of the joint surface between the tibial tray 2 and the proximal tibia is easily affected. In addition, when the tibial insert 1 and the tibial tray 2 are locked, a large operation space is required, when the tibial insert 1 is installed, mutual interference is easy to occur if the tibial insert is too tightly matched, and when the tibial insert is too loosely matched, the tibial insert 1 is not firmly fixed and slides out.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, based on the above study, an embodiment of the present invention provides a tibial prosthesis, which includes: a tibial insert 1, a tibial tray 2, a driving element 3 and a locking element 5; the tibia pad 1 is detachably connected with the tibia support 2; the driving member 3 is rotatably arranged about a first axis A1; the locking member 5 is movably arranged along a second axis A2, which is angled to the first axis A1, between a locked position and an unlocked position; the locking piece 5 is positioned at the unlocking position, the tibia liner 1 and the tibia support 2 can relatively move, and when the locking piece 5 is positioned at the locking position, the relative movement between the tibia liner 1 and the tibia support 2 is locked; the driving member 3 is arranged to rotate about the first axis A1 to drive the locking member 5 along the second axis A2 to the locking position.

So dispose, only need through rotating driving piece 3, can realize locking and unblock to tibial insert 1 and tibial tray 2, the required space is little during the operation, and the installation need not exert actions such as great strength or beat, easy operation. In addition, if the external dimension of the tibial insert 1 is not matched after installation, the joint surface clearance between the tibial insert 1 and the femoral condyle is not good, or when a revision operation is performed, the tibial insert 1 can be conveniently unlocked, taken out and replaced, and the universality of the tibial tray 2 and the tibial inserts 1 of different models is improved.

When the tibial insert 1 needs to be replaced, the locking element 5 can be moved along the second axis A2 to the unlocking position, so that the tibial insert 1 and the tibial tray 2 are unlocked, and the tibial insert 1 is conveniently taken out. It should be noted that, the locking member 5 may be moved to the unlocking position in various manners, for example, the locking member 5 may be driven to move to the unlocking position by the driving member 3 through operation, or the driving member 3 may be driven to move to the unlocking position by other external forces (e.g., elastic force, magnetic force, etc.), which is not limited in the present invention.

In some embodiments, the driving member 3 is configured to rotate in a reverse direction about the first axis A1 to drive the locking member 5 from the locked position to the unlocked position along the second axis A2. Thus, only one set of driving structure is needed to drive the locking piece 5 to move between the locking position and the unlocking position, and the operation is convenient. Preferably, the first axis A1 is perpendicular to the second axis A2. Of course, in other embodiments, the first axis A1 may also be disposed at an angle to the second axis A2, as the invention is not limited in this regard.

Referring to fig. 4, in an alternative example, the driving member 3 is a rod-shaped member extending along the first axis A1, and the tail end of the rod-shaped member is provided with a force applying structure 31 for applying force by an operator, and in the example shown in fig. 4, the force applying structure 31 is a hexagonal blind hole, and the operator can insert and rotate a hexagonal wrench adapted to the hexagonal blind hole to drive the whole driving member 3 to rotate around the first axis A1. It will be appreciated that the internal hexagonal blind bore is merely an example of the force application structure 31 and is not a limitation of the force application structure 31. The structure and shape of the force application structure 31 can be configured by those skilled in the art, such as by configuring the force application structure 31 as a torque transmission structure common in the art, such as an external hex or internal cross hole, an internal quincuncial hole, etc.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, and with reference to fig. 1 and 3 in combination, optionally, the driving member 3 comprises circumferential teeth 32 arranged around the first axis A1, and the locking member 5 comprises a rack 51 arranged along the second axis A2; the circumferential teeth 32 are in meshed engagement with the rack 51. The transmission mode of the meshing connection of the circumferential teeth 32 and the rack 51 can transmit the torque rotating in the forward and reverse directions from the driving member 3, and the driving locking member 5 moves along the second axis A2 in the two directions, so that the driving locking member 5 moves between the locking position and the unlocking position. Preferably, the tibial prosthesis comprises two locking elements 5, the racks 51 of the two locking elements 5 being arranged opposite each other; when the driving member 3 rotates, the two locking members 5 are driven to move in opposite directions.

Referring to fig. 6, the tibial tray 2 includes a limit groove 23 disposed along the second axis A2, and the locking component 5 is movably connected with the tibial insert 1 along the second axis A2 and limited by the tibial insert in degrees of freedom other than along the second axis A2; the locking member 5 may be moved from the unlocking position to the locking position, for example, to two sides along the second axis A2, that is, the two locking members 5 may move away from each other, and penetrate into the limiting groove 23; the locking member 5 may be moved from the locking position to the unlocking position, for example, to the middle along the second axis A2, i.e. the two locking members 5 may be moved closer to each other, and exit the limiting groove 23. Of course, in other embodiments, the position of the limiting groove 23 may be different from that of fig. 6, and the moving direction of the adaptive locking member 5 during the locking and unlocking process may be opposite to that of the above process, i.e. the locking member is unlocked when approaching each other and the locking member is locked when moving away from each other. When the locking element 5 penetrates into the limit groove 23, the locking element 5 is limited by the limit groove 23 and cannot move along the direction except the second axis A2, and the locking element 5 is limited by the tibia pad 1 along the freedom degree except the second axis A2, namely, the locking element 5 limits the relative movement between the tibia pad 1 and the tibia pad 2, so that the tibia pad 1 is locked on the tibia pad 2. Optionally, a chamfer or rounded corner (not shown) may be provided at one end of the locking member 5 for insertion into the limiting groove 23, so that the locking member 5 can be more smoothly locked into the limiting groove 23. The locking mode is simple and convenient to operate, can be suitable for a narrow operation space in operation, and can be conveniently unlocked and taken out when the situation that the tibial insert 1 is not tightly matched with the tibial tray 2 after being installed or the joint surface clearance of the femoral condyle prosthesis 6 is poor and the like is found, and then a new tibial insert 2 is installed.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, in an alternative example, the tibial tray 2 includes a peripheral edge 21; the tibial insert 1 comprises a mounting table 12 adapted to the shape of the area enclosed by the peripheral edge 21, the mounting table 12 being adapted to fit into the area enclosed by the peripheral edge 21. Further, the mounting table 12 has a receiving groove 14 formed along the second axis A2, and the receiving groove 14 is configured to receive the locking member 5. The cross-sectional shape of the receiving groove 14 is preferably adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the locking element 5 in order to limit the movement of the locking element 5 only in the direction of the second axis A2, whereby the locking element 5, after being inserted into the receiving groove 14, is limited in its freedom along the second axis A2 by the receiving groove 14. It is further preferred that the cross-sectional shape of the limit groove 23 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the locking member 5. In one example, the cross-sectional shape of the locking member 5 is rectangular, and the cross-sectional shape of the accommodating groove 14 is also rectangular; the cross-sectional shape of the limiting groove 23 is also rectangular. Alternatively, in the case where two locking members 5 are provided, the two locking members 5 may be simultaneously provided in the same one of the receiving grooves 14, and the two locking members 5 may be distributed on both sides of the driving member 3.

It will be appreciated that the position of the limit slot 23 in the tibial tray 2 should correspond to the extended position of the receiving slot 14 after the mounting platform 12 is assembled into the area surrounded by the peripheral edge 21, so that the locking member 5 can penetrate into the limit slot 23.

Optionally, the tibial tray 2 includes a boss 22 disposed on an inner sidewall of the peripheral edge 21; the tibial insert 1 comprises a notch 13 formed in the outer side wall of the mounting table 12, the notch 13 is matched with the boss 22, and the boss 22 is clamped into the notch 13 when the mounting table 12 is assembled into the area surrounded by the surrounding edge 21. The fit engagement between the recess 13 and the boss 22 can limit circumferential rotation of the mounting table 12 after being mounted in the surrounding area of the surrounding edge 21, and improve the stability of the tibial insert 1 assembled on the tibial tray 2. In a preferred example, a limit groove 23 is provided in the boss 22, which is advantageous for reducing the volume. Of course, in other embodiments, the boss 22 may be disposed on the peripheral edge 21 independently without being combined with the limiting groove 23, which is not limited by the present invention. Further, the number of the bosses 22 and the limit grooves 23 is adapted to the number of the locking pieces 5, and in the case where two locking pieces 5 are provided, two bosses 22 and two limit grooves 23 opposed along the second axis A2 may be provided.

Preferably, the surrounding edge 21 has a first driving hole 24, the mounting table 12 has a second driving hole 15, and the first driving hole 24 is aligned with the second driving hole 15 when the mounting table 12 is assembled in the area surrounded by the surrounding edge 21, and the driving member 3 is penetrated. It will be appreciated that the second drive aperture 15 communicates with the receiving recess 14, and that the drive member 3 can pass through the first drive aperture 24 and the second drive aperture 15 into the receiving recess 14 to effect connection with the locking member 5. The first driving hole 24 and the second driving hole 15 provide a penetrating channel for the driving piece 3, and after the driving piece 3 is penetrated, the radial positions of the two driving holes are locked, so that the tibial gasket 1 and the tibial tray 2 are locked in the direction of the first axis A1 except for the direction of the second axis A2 of the locking piece 5 and the limiting groove 23, the locking reliability of the tibial gasket 1 and the tibial tray 2 can be improved, and the connecting stability of the tibial gasket 1 and the tibial tray 2 can be improved.

Preferably, the tibial prosthesis further comprises a damping member for providing damping to the driving member 3 to limit the rotation of the driving member 3 when the torque applied thereto is less than a preset threshold. In an alternative example, the damping member includes a resilient collar 4, the collar 4 being disposed on the tibial tray 2. Optionally, the tibial tray 2 has a collar mounting hole 25, and the collar 4 may be fixedly disposed in the collar mounting hole 25 (e.g., an interference fit or an adhesive bond). The collar 4 has an inner bore 41, the cross-sectional shape of the inner bore 41 being adapted to the outer contour shape of the driver 3, at least a portion of the driver 3 being arranged through the inner bore 41. The collar 4 can apply a certain resistance to the rotation of the driver 3 by elasticity, and when the torque applied to the driver 3 is small, the driver 3 is prevented from rotating. So configured, after the tibial prosthesis is assembled and implanted in the patient, the driving piece 3 cannot rotate in a natural state, that is, the driving piece 3 cannot be triggered by mistake to rotate when the patient moves, so that the locking piece 5 is in a locking position, and the locking reliability of the tibial insert 1 and the tibial tray 2 is ensured. During the installation process, an operator can apply a torque greater than a preset threshold to the driving member 3 through an installation tool (such as a hexagonal wrench), and at this time, the driving member 3 overcomes the resistance of the collar 4 to rotate, thereby realizing locking and unlocking.

In one example, the collar 4 has a first toothing 42 on the circumferential wall of the inner bore 41, and the driver 3 has a second toothing 34 adapted to the first toothing 42; the first tooth 42 and the second tooth 34 mesh when the torque applied to the driving member 3 is less than a predetermined threshold; when the torque applied to the driving member 3 is not less than a predetermined threshold value, the driving member 3 rotates, and the second tooth portion 34 presses and deforms the first tooth portion 42. Alternatively, the second tooth portion 34 may be integral with the circumferential tooth 32 or be the same component, facilitating the manufacture and assembly of the driver 3. Since the collar 4 has a certain elasticity, when the driving member 3 is subjected to a relatively large torque, the first tooth portion 42 can be pressed by the second tooth portion 34 to deform. Thereby creating damping of the driver 3. In other embodiments, the inner diameter of the inner bore 41 of the collar 4 may be slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the insertion portion of the driver 3, and even if the inner bore 41 is deformed by expansion when the driver 3 is inserted into the inner bore 41, the inner bore 41 generates friction force to the driver 3, thereby damping the driver 3 by the friction force. Of course, in other embodiments, the damping member may include not only the collar 4, but also other structures, such as springs or magnetic members, etc., and those skilled in the art may actually configure the damping member, which is not limited by the present invention.

Optionally, the tibial prosthesis includes the tibial tray 2 and a plurality of tibial inserts 1 with different models, the mounting platforms 12 of the tibial inserts 1 with different models have the same shape, and are matched with the shape of the area surrounded by the surrounding edge 21 of the tibial tray 2; alternatively, the tibial prosthesis comprises the tibial insert 1 and a plurality of tibial trays 2 with different types, the shapes of the areas surrounded by the surrounding edges 21 of the tibial trays 2 with different types are the same, and the shapes of the areas are matched with the shapes of the mounting tables 12 of the tibial insert 1.

The tibial prosthesis provided by the embodiment can realize the general match of the tibial tray 2 and the tibial liners 1 with different models, in particular to the general match of the tibial liners 1 with adjacent models; likewise, the tibial insert 1 may also be configured to mate with a different model of tibial tray 2, and in particular with an adjacent model of tibial tray 2. Referring to fig. 9 to 11, in an exemplary embodiment, assuming that the minimum model of the tibial prosthesis is N, fig. 9 is a top view of the tibial tray 2 in a superimposed manner, from N to n+6, the shape of the area enclosed by the peripheral edge 21 of the tibial tray 2 remains unchanged, for example, the sizes and positions of the boss 22, the limiting groove 23, the first driving hole 24, and the collar mounting hole 25 are unchanged. As the model increases, the size of the periphery of the peripheral edge 21 correspondingly equidistant outer deviations e, e are the difference in size of the periphery of the adjacent model tibial tray 2. In theory, the N-shaped tibial insert 1 is adapted to the N-shaped tibial tray 2, but if the tibia of the patient is relatively large, the n+1-shaped tibial tray 2 is needed, and the n+1-shaped tibial insert 1 and the n+1-shaped tibial tray 2 can be adapted because the structural dimension in the surrounding edge 21 of the n+1-shaped tibial tray 2 is identical to that of the N-shaped tibial tray 2. Similarly, the N-size tibial insert 1 may be adapted to any size tibial tray 2.

Similarly, for different models of tibial inserts 1, the shape of the mounting table 12 may be kept unchanged, for example, the contour of the mounting table 12, the recess 13, the size and position of the receiving slot 14 and the second driving hole 15 may be kept unchanged, and only the outer peripheral dimension of the insert body may be increased. In this way, in theory, the N-th tibial tray 2 is adapted to the N-th tibial insert 1, but when the patient's femur is relatively large and the n+1-th tibial insert 1 is required to be used, the n+1-th tibial tray 2 and the n+1-th tibial insert can be adapted because the contour of the mount 12, the recess 13, the receiving groove 14, and the second drive hole 15 are all unchanged in size and position.

The above-described fitting relationship is more clearly shown in the drawings, for example, in which the n+1 tibial insert 1 is fitted to the N tibial tray 2, and the fitting relationship of fig. 10 occurs. It will be appreciated that the outer edge of the tibial insert 1, n+1, extends beyond the periphery of the tibial tray 2 by a distance e; similarly, when the n+1 tibial tray 2 is fitted to the N-number tibial insert 1, the fitting relationship of fig. 11 occurs, and the outer peripheral dimension of the tibial tray 2 is larger than the outer peripheral dimension of the tibial insert 1 by e.

It will thus be appreciated that in some embodiments, the number N tibial insert 1 may be adapted to any type of tibial tray 2, while in other embodiments, the number N tibial tray 2 may be adapted to any type of tibial insert 1. In some preferred embodiments any type of tibial insert 1 may be adapted to any type of tibial tray 2.

So configured, if the size of the tibial insert 1 is found to be inconsistent with the expected size during surgery, the model of the tibial insert 1 can be conveniently replaced, the compatibility of the tibial tray 2 and the tibial inserts 1 of different models is increased, and the surgery efficiency is improved.

The steps of replacing the tibial insert 1 with a tibial prosthesis in a locked state will be exemplarily described with reference to fig. 1 and 5. When the tibial prosthesis is in the locked state, the locking piece 5 is positioned at the locking position and inserted into the limit groove 23. At this point, the driving member 3 may be rotated 90 ° (e.g., clockwise in fig. 5) by an installation tool (e.g., a hex wrench) to move the two locking members 5 inwardly to the unlocked position, wherein the locking members 5 unlock the tibial insert 1 and tibial tray 2. Further, the tibial insert 1 may be detached by withdrawing the driver 3 from the first and second driver holes 24, 15. It will be appreciated that this step will be detached together with the locking element 5 in the receiving recess 14 of the tibial insert 1.

The replacement tibial insert 1 (which contains the locking element 5) is then assembled with the tibial tray 2 such that the mounting tray 12 fits into the enclosed area of the peripheral edge 21 and is pressed downwardly so that the two fit into place. After observing the peripheral fitting condition of the tibial tray 2 and the tibial insert 1 and confirming that the tibial insert 1 is in place, the driving piece 3 is inserted until the circumferential teeth 32 are engaged with the rack 51. At this time, the driving member 3 is reversely driven to rotate by 90 ° (e.g. rotated counterclockwise in fig. 5) by using the installation tool, so that the locking member 5 is moved to the locking position and inserted into the limiting groove 23, and the tibial insert 1 is locked with the tibial tray 2, thereby completing the step of replacing the tibial insert 1.

Referring to fig. 12 to 14, in another alternative embodiment, the driving member 3 includes a cam 33 disposed around the first axis A1, and the locking member 5 is configured to abut against an outer periphery of the cam 33. Thus, the cam 33, when rotated, moves the locking member 5 along the second axis A2, thereby driving the locking member 5 to move to the locking position. Preferably, the cross section of the cam 33 is elliptical; the locking member 5 has a concave arc surface 52 at an end abutting against the cam 33.

Optionally, the tibial prosthesis includes two locking elements 5 arranged opposite to each other, and when the product is assembled from the factory, the cambered surfaces 52 of the two locking elements 5 abut against the short axis surface of the elliptical cam 33, and the two locking elements 5 are located at the unlocking position. The tibial insert 1 may now be assembled to the tibial tray 2 as shown in fig. 14.

When the tibia pad 1 and the tibia support 2 are required to be locked in operation, the driving piece 3 can be driven to rotate 90 degrees, so that the long axial surface of the elliptical cam 33 is attached to the cambered surface 52 of the locking bolt 5, and the locking pieces 5 on two sides are pushed to move to the locking position in the direction away from the center of the driving piece 3 due to the extrusion of the long axial of the cam 33. It will be appreciated that if the elliptical cam 33 has a minor axis length of a and a major axis length of b, the single locking element 5 will move a distance of (b-a)/2, and further, the depth of the limiting groove 23 will not be less than (b-a)/2, so that the locking element 5 will penetrate the limiting groove 23 during its movement to the locking position, thereby locking the tibial tray 2 and tibial insert 1. It will be appreciated that, without additional structure, the use of the cam 33 and the arcuate surface 52 to drive the locking member 5 is a one-time drive, and that after driving the locking member 5 to the locked position by driving the driving member 3 to rotate 90 °, the driving member 3 again rotates to move the locking member 5 back to the unlocked position. At this time, the limit groove 23 may be disposed to penetrate through the peripheral edge 21, and the operator may move the locking member 5 to the unlocking position by manually pushing the locking member 5 inward.

Preferably, the tibial prosthesis further comprises a potential energy assembly (not shown) for providing the locking members 5 with potential energy in the direction of the driving member 3, so as to ensure that the cambered surfaces 52 of the two locking members 5 can always abut against the elliptical cams 33, thereby enabling the locking members 5 to automatically move to the unlocking position. So configured, when the driving member 3 is rotated 90 ° after the cam 33 is rotated and the locking member 5 is moved to the locking position, the two locking members 5 can be moved toward the center of the driving member 3 to the unlocking position by the potential energy so as to facilitate replacement of the tibial insert 1. The specific structure of the potential energy assembly is not particularly limited in this embodiment, for example, in an alternative exemplary embodiment, the potential energy assembly may include a magnet and an attracting member that can be attracted by the magnet, for example, the magnet may be disposed in the cam 33, and the cam 33 may be further entirely composed of a permanent magnet, for example. The attraction member may be, for example, an object having ferromagnetism, such as a material made of iron, nickel, or an iron-nickel alloy. Alternatively, the suction member is provided on the locking member 5, and the locking member 5 may be further entirely constituted by the suction member. In other embodiments, the potential energy assembly may comprise a spring, for example, which may be disposed between the two locking members 5, and connected to the two locking members 5 at both ends, respectively, and which is stretched to store elastic potential energy when the two locking members 5 are moved away from each other to both sides by being pressed by the cam 33. Further, during the rotation of the cam 33 from the long axis face to the short axis face toward the locking pieces 5, the spring releases elastic potential energy so that the two locking pieces 5 can always abut against the cam 33.

In another alternative embodiment, a potential energy assembly may also be used to provide potential energy to the locking member 5 in a direction away from the driving member 3. Specifically, the potential energy assembly is configured to store potential energy when moved to the unlocked position and release the potential energy when the external force is removed, allowing the locking member 5 to automatically return to the locked position. For example, the potential energy assembly may comprise a spring arranged between the two locking members 5, the spring being in a compressed state, such that the two locking members 5 are moved towards each other against the spring force of the spring by applying an external force to the driving member 3, to an unlocked position, and after the external force is removed, the two locking members 5 are automatically returned to the locked position under the drive of the spring force. Of course, in other embodiments, one skilled in the art could choose other configurations for the potential energy assembly according to the prior art, and the invention is not limited in this regard.

The knee joint prosthesis provided by the embodiment comprises the tibial prosthesis, and the knee joint prosthesis also has the beneficial effects brought by the tibial prosthesis. The structure and principle of the other parts of the knee prosthesis can be referred to the prior art, and the present invention will not be described in detail.

So dispose, only need through rotating the driving piece, can realize locking and unblock to tibia liner and tibia support, the required space is little during the operation, and the installation need not exert actions such as great strength or strike, easy operation. In addition, if the external dimension of the tibial gasket is not correct after the installation, the joint surface clearance between the tibial gasket and the femoral condyle is not good, or when a revision operation is performed, the tibial gasket can be conveniently unlocked, taken out and replaced, and the universality of the tibial tray on the tibial gaskets of different models is improved.

It should be noted that the above embodiments may be combined with each other. The above description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any alterations and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure shall fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A tibial prosthesis, comprising: the tibia pad, the tibia support, the driving piece and the locking piece;

the tibia pad is detachably connected with the tibia tray;

2. The tibial prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said driver is configured to counter-rotate about said first axis to drive said locking member from said locked position to said unlocked position along said second axis.

3. The tibial prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said driver comprises circumferential teeth disposed about said first axis, and said locking member comprises a rack disposed along a second axis; the circumferential teeth are in meshed connection with the racks.

4. The tibial prosthesis of claim 3, wherein said tibial prosthesis comprises two of said locking members, said racks of two of said locking members being oppositely disposed; when the driving piece rotates, the two locking pieces are driven to move in opposite directions.

5. The tibial prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said driver comprises a cam disposed about said first axis, said locking member for abutment with an outer periphery of said cam.

6. The tibial prosthesis of claim 5, wherein said cam has an elliptical cross-section; the locking piece is used for being abutted against one end of the cam and provided with a concave cambered surface.

7. The tibial prosthesis of claim 1, further comprising a potential energy assembly for providing potential energy to said locking member in a direction toward said driver or away from said driver.

8. The tibial prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said tibial tray includes a limit slot disposed along said second axis, said locking member being movably coupled to said tibial insert along said second axis and being constrained by said tibial insert along degrees of freedom other than said second axis; when the locking piece is positioned at the locking position, the locking piece penetrates into the limiting groove; and when the locking piece is positioned at the unlocking position, the locking piece is withdrawn from the limiting groove.

9. The tibial prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said tibial tray includes a peripheral edge; the tibial insert includes a mounting platform that is adapted to the shape of the area enclosed by the rim, the mounting platform being adapted to fit into the area enclosed by the rim.

10. The tibial prosthesis of claim 9, wherein said tibial tray includes a boss disposed on a medial side wall of said peripheral edge; the tibia pad comprises a notch arranged on the outer side wall of the mounting table, the notch is matched with the boss, and when the mounting table is assembled into the area surrounded by the surrounding edge, the boss is clamped into the notch.

11. The tibial prosthesis of claim 9, wherein said peripheral edge has a first drive aperture and said mounting platform has a second drive aperture, said first drive aperture being aligned with said second drive aperture and configured for said driver to pass through when said mounting platform is assembled into the area enclosed by said peripheral edge.

12. The tibial prosthesis of claim 9, wherein said mounting platform has a receiving slot open along said second axis for receiving said locking member.

13. The tibial prosthesis of any of claims 9-12, wherein said tibial prosthesis comprises said tibial tray and a plurality of said tibial inserts of different models, said mounting stations of said plurality of said tibial inserts of different models being identical in shape and each being adapted to the shape of the area enclosed by said peripheral edge of said tibial tray; or alternatively, the process may be performed,

14. The tibial prosthesis of claim 1, further comprising a damping member for providing damping to the driver to limit rotation of the driver when the applied torque is less than a preset threshold.

15. The tibial prosthesis of claim 14, wherein said damping member comprises a resilient collar disposed on said tibial tray, said collar having an inner bore with a cross-sectional shape that matches an outer contour shape of said driver, at least a portion of said driver passing through said inner bore.

16. The tibial prosthesis of claim 15, wherein said collar has a first tooth on a circumferential wall of said bore, said driver having a second tooth that mates with said first tooth; the first tooth part and the second tooth part are meshed when the torque applied to the driving part is smaller than a preset threshold value; when the torque applied to the driving piece is not smaller than a preset threshold value, the driving piece rotates, and the second tooth part extrudes and deforms the first tooth part.

17. The tibial prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said first axis is perpendicular to said second axis.

18. A knee prosthesis comprising a femoral condyle prosthesis and a tibial prosthesis according to any one of claims 1 to 17.