CN116956503A - Dynamic equivalent structure design method of high-precision equipment - Google Patents
Dynamic equivalent structure design method of high-precision equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN116956503A CN116956503A CN202311215003.2A CN202311215003A CN116956503A CN 116956503 A CN116956503 A CN 116956503A CN 202311215003 A CN202311215003 A CN 202311215003A CN 116956503 A CN116956503 A CN 116956503A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of simulation of equivalent structures, in particular to a dynamic equivalent structure design method of high-precision equipment. Comprising the following steps: designing a high-precision equipment model to be simulated, and obtaining relevant parameter indexes of the high-precision equipment model to be simulated; selecting an interface design scheme which is the same as the actual structure of the high-precision equipment to be simulated, and designing a dynamic equivalent structure connection interface; designing and preparing a dynamic equivalent structure according to the structural outline size of actual high-precision equipment; acquiring actual data of related parameter indexes, and comparing the actual data with initial parameter index data; installing a weight plate according to actual conditions, wherein the installation plane of the weight plate is a known quantity, and establishing a constraint equation based on multiple targets through the known quantity; carrying out optimization calculation through constraint equations to obtain optimal solutions of all unknowns; and (3) carrying out manual optimization on the actual calculation result, and carrying out evaluation and detail adjustment on the error precision of the manual optimization. The advantage lies in the high-precision design of the equivalent structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of simulation of equivalent structures, in particular to a dynamic equivalent structure design method of high-precision equipment.
Background
In the initial design and the outfield test process of the mechanical structure, the mechanical structure is limited by the limitations of the precision, the value, the processing period and the like of actual equipment, and many high-precision and high-value equipment cannot be actually installed on the mechanical structure. The damage of high-precision and high-value equipment caused by the conditions that the structural design of the initial scheme is not in place, the simulation boundary condition is too low to consider, the experience reference value is not in accordance with the actual condition and the like is prevented.
However, the actual dynamic response and the measurement result in the outfield process are necessary conditions for evaluating the performance index of the related mechanical structure, and the related test result is a precondition for judging whether the high-precision and high-value equipment meets the technical application requirements. In order to ensure and meet the authenticity of the actual dynamic response in the absence of high-value equipment, the related equivalent structure needs to be designed to replace the original high-precision and high-value equipment.
The simplest method for designing the equivalent structure is to remachine a set of equivalent equipment by referring to the original high-precision and high-value equipment, wherein the precision of all parts in the equipment is lower than the technical index of the original parts by a plurality of orders of magnitude. The equipment does not need to be assembled and adjusted and only needs to be installed at a required position. However, the advantages of the above solution are that the kinetic equivalent is substantially identical to the original technical solution with very little error. The disadvantage is that the need to reprocess a set of equivalent equipment, the need to expend a lot of time and money, the set of solutions for self-developed equipment are viable and not viable for high precision equipment for procurement.
The actual motion state of the object is a spatial six-degree-of-freedom motion, comprising translational motion in three directions and rotational motion around the three directions. For this reason, the kinetic equivalent thereof needs to satisfy the fitting of seven parameter indexes of the coordinate consistency of the mass center in three directions, the moment of inertia consistency around three axes and the mass consistency.
The general method of the equivalent structural design refers to the original structural appearance and the interface design equivalent tool. In the one-dimensional motion state of a one-dimensional vibrating table and the like, the equivalent structural design with higher precision can be completed only by fitting the data of the connecting interface, the mass center position and the like. A general equivalent structural design can only meet the partial fitting requirements of seven parameter indexes. For the simplest fitting method, the fitting requirement of seven parameter indexes can be met, but the time and expense cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a dynamic equivalent structure design method of high-precision equipment for solving the problems.
The invention aims to provide a dynamic equivalent structure design method of high-precision equipment, which comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a high-precision equipment model to be simulated, and obtaining relevant parameter indexes of the high-precision equipment model to be simulated;
s2, designing a dynamic equivalent structure connection interface: selecting an interface design scheme which is the same as the actual structure of the high-precision equipment to be simulated, designing a dynamic equivalent structure connecting interface, and ensuring the connectivity between the dynamic equivalent structure and the connecting part of the part to be connected;
s3, designing and preparing a dynamic equivalent structure according to the structural outline size of the actual high-precision equipment;
s4, acquiring actual data of related parameter indexes of the dynamic equivalent structure prepared in the step S3, and comparing the actual data with the parameter index data in the step S1; if yes, entering the next step; if any parameter index exceeds the value of the parameter index data in the step S1, returning to the step S3;
s5, installing a weight plate on an outer frame of the dynamic equivalent structure according to actual conditions, wherein the installation plane of the weight plate is a known quantity, and establishing a constraint equation based on multiple targets through the known quantity; carrying out optimization calculation through constraint equations to obtain optimal solutions of all unknowns;
s6, manual optimization adjustment: performing manual optimization on the actual calculation result in the step S5, and performing evaluation and detail adjustment on the error precision of the manual optimization; if the requirements are met, the optimization design is finished; if the requirements are not met, returning to the redesign scheme.
Preferably, the parameter index includes qualitym 0 Mass center [ (of mass.)x 0 、y 0 、z 0 ) Moment of inertia about centroidI x0 、I y0 、I z0 ）。
Preferably, the dynamic equivalent structure is a high stiffness frame.
Preferably, the constraint equation in step S5 is specifically as follows:
；
wherein ,f 1 ~f 7 respectively corresponding to 7 parameter indexes;for density (I)>、/>、/>Respectively isxyzLength in three directions->、/>、/>Respectively winding the mass centerx 0 、y 0 、z 0 ) Is a rotational inertia of (a);
the corresponding optimization targets are。
Preferably, the optimization calculation algorithm in step S5 adopts the concept of the monte carlo algorithm to perform multiple calculations, and the single calculation steps are as follows:
s501, randomly generating an unknown quantity initial value;
s502, calculatingf 1 ~f 7 Obtaining an error value and calculating a 2-norm;
s503, calculating the numerical gradients of all unknown quantities, namely, when a certain unknown quantity changes +/-delta, 2-norm changes;
s504, taking the value of the change direction of the 2-norm value becoming smaller;
s505, repeating the operations of S502-S504 until the 2-norm value reaches the minimum.
Preferably, the unknowns in step S5 include the length, width, height of the weight plate, and the mounting position of the weight plate in the plane.
Preferably, the manual optimization in step S6 includes: and (5) performing decimal place selection on the result in the step (S5) according to actual requirements, or performing model selection according to the size specification of the plate, modeling in three-dimensional design software, and determining that the related structural models do not interfere.
Preferably, the high-precision equipment model to be simulated in step S1 passes through three-dimensional design software.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
by the design method, under the condition of early outfield or laboratory test, the equivalent structure is utilized to replace the original high-value high-precision equipment, so that the measurement of dynamics related data is realized. The invention has the advantages of realizing the high-precision design of the equivalent structure, replacing the original high-value high-precision equipment by the equivalent structure, protecting the high-value equipment in the early stage and ensuring the precision of the measurement result of the related dynamics data.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a dynamic equivalent structural design method of a high-precision device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, like modules are denoted by like reference numerals. In the case of the same reference numerals, their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, a detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a dynamic equivalent structure design method of high-precision equipment, which comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a high-precision equipment model to be simulated through three-dimensional design software, and obtaining 7 parameter indexes of the high-precision equipment model to be simulated, wherein the parameter indexes comprise qualitym 0 Mass center [ (of mass.)x 0 、y 0 、z 0 ) Moment of inertia about centroidI x0 、I y0 、I z0 ）。
S2, designing a dynamic equivalent structure connection interface: and selecting an interface design scheme which is the same as the actual structure of the high-precision equipment to be simulated, designing a dynamic equivalent structure connecting interface, and ensuring the connectivity between the dynamic equivalent structure and the connecting part of the part to be connected.
S3, designing and preparing a high-rigidity frame, namely a dynamic equivalent structure, according to the structural outline size of the actual high-precision equipment.
S4, 7 parameter index actual data of the dynamic equivalent structure prepared in the step S3 are obtained, and the data are compared with the parameter index data in the step S1; if yes, entering the next step; if any parameter index exceeds the value of the parameter index data in step S1, the process returns to step S3.
S5, installing a weight plate on an outer frame of the dynamic equivalent structure according to actual conditions, wherein the installation plane of the weight plate is a known quantity, and establishing a constraint equation based on multiple targets through the known quantity; carrying out optimization calculation through constraint equations to obtain optimal solutions of all unknowns;
the unknowns include the length, width, height of the weight plate, and the in-plane mounting location of the weight plate (the in-plane mounting location includes x and y coordinates in the plane); the single weight plate contains 5 unknowns, and for n plates, a maximum of 5n unknowns;
the constraint equation is specifically as followsf 1 ~f 7 Corresponding to 7 parameter indexes respectively):
；
in the formula ,for density (I)>、/>、/>Respectively isxyzThe length in the three directions of the two-dimensional space,/>、、/>respectively winding the mass centerx 0 、y 0 、z 0 ) Is a rotational inertia of (a);
the corresponding optimization targets are；
The optimization calculation algorithm adopts the Monte Carlo algorithm idea to carry out multiple calculations, and the single calculation steps are as follows:
s501, randomly generating an unknown quantity initial value;
s502, calculatingf 1 ~f 7 Obtaining an error value and calculating a 2-norm;
s503, calculating the numerical gradients of all unknown quantities, namely, when a certain unknown quantity changes +/-delta, 2-norm changes;
s504, taking the value of the change direction of the 2-norm value becoming smaller;
s505, repeating the operations of S502-S504 until the 2-norm value reaches the minimum;
principle of: since the system has multi-objective optimization, the system willf 1 ~f 7 Taking the difference value with gol as an error value, and taking a 2-norm vector of the error value to obtain the overall error evaluation of multiple targets; for this error evaluation optimization, the goal is to minimize the evaluation value.
S6, manual optimization adjustment: performing manual optimization on the actual calculation result in the step S5, and performing evaluation and detail adjustment on the error precision of the manual optimization; if the requirements are met, the optimization design is finished; if the requirements are not met, returning to the redesign scheme;
the manual optimization includes: and (5) performing decimal place selection on the result in the step (S5) according to actual requirements, or performing model selection according to the size specification of the plate, modeling in three-dimensional design software, and determining that the related structural models do not interfere.
It should be appreciated that various forms of the flows shown above may be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present disclosure may be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, provided that the desired results of the technical solutions of the present disclosure are achieved, and are not limited herein.
The above embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alternatives are possible, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The dynamic equivalent structure design method of the high-precision equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, designing a high-precision equipment model to be simulated, and obtaining relevant parameter indexes of the high-precision equipment model to be simulated;
s2, designing a dynamic equivalent structure connection interface: selecting an interface design scheme which is the same as the actual structure of the high-precision equipment to be simulated, designing a dynamic equivalent structure connecting interface, and ensuring the connectivity between the dynamic equivalent structure and the connecting part of the part to be connected;
s3, designing and preparing a dynamic equivalent structure according to the structural outline size of the actual high-precision equipment;
s4, acquiring actual data of related parameter indexes of the dynamic equivalent structure prepared in the step S3, and comparing the actual data with the parameter index data in the step S1; if yes, entering the next step; if any parameter index exceeds the value of the parameter index data in the step S1, returning to the step S3;
s5, installing a weight plate on an outer frame of the dynamic equivalent structure according to actual conditions, wherein the installation plane of the weight plate is a known quantity, and establishing a constraint equation based on multiple targets through the known quantity; carrying out optimization calculation through constraint equations to obtain optimal solutions of all unknowns;
s6, manual optimization adjustment: performing manual optimization on the actual calculation result in the step S5, and performing evaluation and detail adjustment on the error precision of the manual optimization; if the requirements are met, the optimization design is finished; if the requirements are not met, returning to the redesign scheme.
2. The method for designing a dynamic equivalent structure of a high-precision apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the parameter index includes qualitym 0 Mass center [ (of mass.)x 0 、y 0 、z 0 ) Moment of inertia about centroidI x0 、I y0 、I z0 ）。
3. The method for designing a dynamic equivalent structure of a high-precision apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: the dynamic equivalent structure is a high-rigidity frame.
4. A method of designing a dynamic equivalent structure of a high-precision apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the constraint equation in the step S5 is specifically as follows:
；
wherein ,f 1 ~f 7 respectively corresponding to 7 parameter indexes;for density (I)>、/>、/>Respectively isxyzThe length in the three directions of the two-dimensional space,、/>、/>respectively winding the mass centerx 0 、y 0 、z 0 ) Is a rotational inertia of (a);
the corresponding optimization targets are。
5. The method for designing a dynamic equivalent structure of a high-precision apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: the optimization calculation algorithm in the step S5 adopts the Monte Carlo algorithm idea to carry out multiple calculations, and the single calculation steps are as follows:
s501, randomly generating an unknown quantity initial value;
s502, calculatingf 1 ~f 7 Obtaining an error value and calculating a 2-norm;
s503, calculating the numerical gradients of all unknown quantities, namely, when a certain unknown quantity changes +/-delta, 2-norm changes;
s504, taking the value of the change direction of the 2-norm value becoming smaller;
s505, repeating the operations of S502-S504 until the 2-norm value reaches the minimum.
6. The method for designing a dynamic equivalent structure of a high-precision apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: the unknowns in step S5 include the length, width, height of the weight plate, and the installation position of the weight plate in the plane.
7. The method for designing a dynamic equivalent structure of a high-precision apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the manual optimization in step S6 includes: and (5) performing decimal place selection on the result in the step (S5) according to actual requirements, or performing model selection according to the size specification of the plate, modeling in three-dimensional design software, and determining that the related structural models do not interfere.
8. The method for designing a dynamic equivalent structure of a high-precision apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: the high-precision equipment model to be simulated in the step S1 passes through three-dimensional design software.
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| CN106202731A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-12-07 | 南京理工大学 | Bridge crane multi-flexibl e dynamics structural optimization method |
| CN108629137A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-10-09 | 苏州科技大学 | A kind of mechanical structured member Design of Structural parameters method |
| CN111104758A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-05-05 | 北京机电工程研究所 | Aircraft interior equipment connection modeling method for dynamics simulation |
| CN114936428A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-08-23 | 江铃汽车股份有限公司 | ADAMS-based steering mechanism multi-body dynamics modeling and parameter confirmation method |
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