CN116944680A - Laser scanning welding method for small round weld joint - Google Patents
Laser scanning welding method for small round weld joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN116944680A CN116944680A CN202311215625.5A CN202311215625A CN116944680A CN 116944680 A CN116944680 A CN 116944680A CN 202311215625 A CN202311215625 A CN 202311215625A CN 116944680 A CN116944680 A CN 116944680A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The application provides a laser scanning welding method of a small round welding seam, which comprises the following steps of S1, determining a target to-be-welded piece; s2, scanning a welding base track of a target workpiece to be welded, and rewriting the welding base track into a base track parameter equation; s3, selecting a scanning shape of a process improvement track, and rewriting the process improvement track equation into a process improvement track parameter equation; s4, synthesizing a basic track parameter equation and a process improvement track parameter equation, and determining an actual welding track. S5, determining welding parameters. The application introduces the process improvement track, the repetition frequency of the process improvement track is adjustable, the length of the actual welding track and the joint area of the welding seam are increased, the scanning speed of the laser spot is increased, the welding quality problems of air holes, undercut and the like can be improved, the better welding seam morphology is obtained, and the mechanical property and the electric conductivity of the welding joint are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of welding, and particularly relates to a laser scanning welding method of a small round welding line.
Background
With the development of new energy electric vehicles, the battery technology is used as a core technology of the new energy electric vehicles, and the development of the new energy electric vehicles is restricted. In the manufacturing process of the new energy electric automobile battery or the battery pack, the welding of the electrode lugs, the bus bars and the battery shell is a key production link. Due to physical size limitations of the tabs and the buss bars, small circle welding problems are common in practical welding production. Therefore, the welding quality of the small circle welding greatly influences the consistency, the safety, the service life and the like of the battery, and how to solve the problem that the welding quality and the efficiency of the small circle welding become key factors for restricting the manufacturing of the battery of the new energy electric automobile.
In the early stage, a mechanical arm is often adopted to carry a welding head for welding operation in the welding of a small round weld joint, but due to the small round defect of a robot, the accuracy of an actual welding track is poor when the welding of the small round weld joint is carried out, and obvious deviation exists between the actual welding track and a preset track, so that the forming and welding quality of a final weld joint are affected; in recent years, along with the development of laser galvanometer scanning welding technology, a plurality of galvanometer scanning welding methods applied to small circle welding seams are derived, however, although the shape tolerance precision of welding tracks can be well ensured by galvanometer scanning welding, in actual production, the welding seams of parts to be welded such as tabs, bus bars, battery shells and the like are often distributed in a large range in an array manner, so that the tolerance to the positioning errors and welding track errors of the small circle array welding seams is extremely low, and the situation of welding seam deviation is easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the application provides a laser scanning welding method of a small circular welding seam, which solves the problems that the positioning error and the welding track error tolerance of the existing small circular welding seam are small, and the welding seam is easy to deviate.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
a laser scanning welding method of a small round weld, the method comprising:
s1, determining a target piece to be welded;
s2, scanning a welding base track of a target workpiece to be welded, and rewriting the welding base track into a base track parameter equation;
s3, selecting a scanning shape of a process improvement track, and rewriting the process improvement track equation into a process improvement track parameter equation;
s4, synthesizing a basic track parameter equation and a process improvement track parameter equation, and determining an actual welding track.
S5, determining welding parameters.
Further, the base track parameter equation in S2 is:
wherein x and y are coordinate values of x and y axes of the base track respectively, T is a parameter, and T is a value set of T.
Further, the process improvement track is any one of straight line, ellipse, clover shape and 8 shape,
further, the parameter equation of the process improvement track is as follows:
wherein a and b are the coordinate values of the x and y axes of the process improvement track respectively,for parameters->The period of the track is improved for the process.
Further, the parameter expression of the actual welding track is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,、/>coordinate values of x and y axes of an actual welding track are respectively calculated, mod is a remainder calculation symbol,namely +.>For->Taking the rest.
Further, the welding parameters are as follows:
laser power, welding speed, process improvement track repetition frequency, protection air flow.
Further, the process improvement track is any one of a straight line shape, an elliptic shape and a double-button line shape.
Further, the target to-be-welded piece is any one of steel, copper, iron and aluminum.
The application has the technical effects that:
1. according to the laser scanning welding method for the small circular weld joint, disclosed by the application, the actual welding track is constructed by improving track synthesis through the base track and the process, the coverage rate of the welding track to the actual weld joint position is improved, and the welding positioning error and the tolerance of the welding track error of the welding process to a welding system are improved.
2. The application introduces a process improvement track, can improve welding defects such as air holes, undercut and the like, and improves welding quality. The application can realize flexible combination between the original welding seam track and the process improvement track, and can change the repetition frequency of the process improvement track, and a considerable number of process libraries can be constructed by a small number of welding seam tracks and process improvement tracks, thereby providing a foundation for solving welding defects and improving welding quality.
3. The laser scanning welding method provided by the application can obviously increase the length of the actual welding track, increase the connection area of the welding seam and improve the mechanical property and the electric conductivity of the welding joint. Meanwhile, the method improves the scanning speed of laser spots, so that the welding area has small heat receiving energy and short melting time, and the generated intermetallic compound is less, so that the conductivity is better.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings illustrate various embodiments by way of example in general and not by way of limitation, and together with the description and claims serve to explain the inventive embodiments. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. Such embodiments are illustrative and not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive of the present apparatus or method.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a weld zone of the present application;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the overall weld trajectory of the present application;
wherein, 1 is battery tab, 2 is the busbar, 3 is the welding area, 4 is scanning base track, and 5 is actual welding track schematic.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
The laser scanning welding method for the small round weld joint provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific operation steps:
1. and (5) preparing welding.
And cleaning the welding areas of the two parts to be welded by using a proper cleaning agent, bonding the welding areas of the two parts to be welded, and fastening by using a clamp to keep the welding areas relatively fixed.
According to the welding process requirements and welding working conditions, combining a welding manual and experience, primarily determining the welding speed and the process improvement track repetition frequency, and needing to describe a track equation later.
2. The scan shape of the base track is selected and the base track equation is rewritten as a parametric equation.
The scanning shape of the base track is according to the welding line shape required by the welding process. The choice of the parameter equation is based on the suitability of performing interpolation calculations.
The tracks have respective track expressions, and can be expressed and described under different coordinate systems, and the basic track expressions are uniformly and generally expressed as follows in the disclosure:
G (x,y)=0，x∈X，y∈Y (1)
wherein X, Y is the value set of x and y respectively.
When the original formula G (x, y) is inconvenient for interpolation calculation, the expression (1) can be converted into a parametric equation form. The parameter equation of the scanning track is expressed in a unified and generalized way in the present disclosure:
(2)
wherein x and y are coordinate values of x and y axes of the base track, T is a parameter, and T is a value set of T, and the calculation can be performed according to the following formula:
according to the formula (2), it can be obtained that during the scanning welding process, at any timeThe coordinates of the target position point of the issued light beam are (++>)。
3. And selecting the scanning shape of the process improvement track, and rewriting a process improvement track equation into a parameter equation.
The process improvement track can be selected from straight lines, ellipses, clover shapes, 8-shaped tracks and the like, and is specifically selected according to the shape, the size and other factors of the welding area. In order to improve the welding strength of the welding seam and ensure the electrical connection between the parts to be welded, the shape of the technological improvement track should fill and cover the welding area as much as possible, and the actual processing effect is taken as the selection standard. The choice of the parameter equation is based on the suitability of performing interpolation calculations.
In the present disclosure, the expression of the process improvement track is expressed in a unified and generalized manner as:
wherein A, B is the value set of a and b respectively. Likewise, the expression of the process improvement trajectory may be rewritten as a parametric equation expression:
(3)
wherein a and b are the coordinate values of the x and y axes of the process improvement track respectively,for parameters->The period of the track is improved for the process.
Parameters may be used for ease of expression and calculationParameter->And uniformly expressing, wherein a parameter t in the basic track parameter equation expression is used, and the formula (3) is converted as follows:
(4)
in the method, in the process of the application,、/>coordinate values of x and y axes of an actual welding track are respectively calculated, mod is a remainder calculation symbol,namely +.>For->Taking the rest.
4. And synthesizing a base track and a process improvement track to construct an actual welding track.
The motion synthesis of the base track and the process improvement track can be performed after the base track and the process improvement track are obtained, but in the synthesis process, the base track main body is needed to be used in the base track and the process improvement track. Specifically, the motion of the process improvement track should start and end with the start and end of the motion of the base track; at a certain momentThe base track is also in the process of moving, if the process improvement track just completes one period of movement, a new process improvement track movement is restarted immediately. The process is repeated until the base track movement is completed, and the process improvement track movement is immediately stopped.
After synthesizing the formulas (2) and (3) according to a motion synthesis method, the parameter expressions of the actual welding track can be obtained as follows:
(5)
5. and finally determining welding parameters.
After the base track and the process improvement track are determined, according to the welding process requirements and the welding working conditions, combining a welding manual and a welding process test, finally determining welding parameters such as laser power, welding speed, process improvement track repetition frequency, protection gas flow and the like.
Example 1.
As shown in fig. 1, 1 is a battery tab, 2 is a busbar, 3 is a welding area, and 4 is a scanning base track.
The base track adopts a circular track equation, the expression adopts a time parameter equation form under a Cartesian coordinate system, the welding speed is 20mm/s, and the radius is 10mm. The specific expression is as follows:
(6)
the process improvement track adopts a circular track equation, the expression adopts a time parameter equation form under a Cartesian coordinate system, the repetition frequency is 500Hz, and the scanning amplitude is 0.5mm. The specific expression is as follows:
(7)
referring to formula (4), formula (7) may be converted to the following formula:
(8)
the actual welding track can be obtained by the formulas (6) and (8), as shown in fig. 2, wherein 5 is an illustration of the actual welding track.
The parameter expression of the total welding track is:
。
the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present application, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical solution of the present application and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A laser scanning welding method of a small round weld, the method comprising:
s1, determining a target piece to be welded;
s2, scanning a welding base track of a target workpiece to be welded, and rewriting the welding base track into a base track parameter equation;
s3, selecting a scanning shape of a process improvement track, and rewriting the process improvement track equation into a process improvement track parameter equation;
s4, synthesizing a basic track parameter equation and a process improvement track parameter equation, and determining an actual welding track;
s5, determining welding parameters.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the base track parameter equation in S2 is:
，
wherein x and y are coordinate values of x and y axes of the base track respectively, T is a parameter, and T is a value set of T.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the process improvement trajectory is any one of straight line, oval, clover, "8" shape.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameter equation for the process improvement trajectory is:
，
wherein a and b are the coordinate values of the x and y axes of the process improvement track respectively,for parameters->The period of the track is improved for the process.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the parametric expression for the actual welding trajectory is as follows:
，
in the method, in the process of the application,、/>coordinate values of x and y axes of an actual welding track are respectively calculated by mod which is a remainder calculation symbol, < >>Namely +.>For->Taking the rest.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the welding parameters are:
laser power, welding speed, process improvement track repetition frequency, protection air flow.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the process improvement trajectory is any one of a straight line, an oval, and a lemniscate.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the target part to be welded is any one of steel, copper, iron, aluminum.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311215625.5A CN116944680A (en) | 2023-09-20 | 2023-09-20 | Laser scanning welding method for small round weld joint |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311215625.5A CN116944680A (en) | 2023-09-20 | 2023-09-20 | Laser scanning welding method for small round weld joint |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1071480A (en) * | 1996-08-28 | 1998-03-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Lap laser beam welding method of plated steel plate |
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-
2023
- 2023-09-20 CN CN202311215625.5A patent/CN116944680A/en active Pending
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| CN114589403A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-07 | 哈尔滨工大焊接科技有限公司 | Welding method and system for reducing laser welding heat affected zone and refining structure |
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