CN116944438A - Aluminum alloy cast ingot and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Aluminum alloy cast ingot and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116944438A
CN116944438A CN202310957804.XA CN202310957804A CN116944438A CN 116944438 A CN116944438 A CN 116944438A CN 202310957804 A CN202310957804 A CN 202310957804A CN 116944438 A CN116944438 A CN 116944438A
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aluminum alloy
refining
electromagnetic device
ingot
magnetic field
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Inventor
高东鹏
李敬学
徐源
徐亚军
马小红
于荣新
王淑艳
陈贤德
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Xinjiang Joinworld Co Ltd
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Xinjiang Joinworld Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202310957804.XA priority Critical patent/CN116944438A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
    • B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
    • B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/116—Refining the metal
    • B22D11/119—Refining the metal by filtering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an aluminum alloy cast ingot and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials according to the element composition of the aluminum alloy cast ingot; mixing and melting the raw materials to prepare an aluminum alloy liquid; refining and chemical refining are carried out on the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain high-purity aluminum alloy liquid; performing semi-continuous casting molding on the high-cleanness aluminum alloy liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot; the casting molding is performed under the action of a magnetic field, and the magnetic field can enable the high-clean aluminum alloy liquid to form circumferential movement in the casting molding process.

Description

Aluminum alloy cast ingot and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy ingots, in particular to an aluminum alloy ingot and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy cast ingot is a main preparation raw material of the aluminum alloy section. With the development of economy, the demand for high-quality aluminum alloy materials is increasing, and the demand for aluminum alloy ingots is also growing.
The direct cooling semi-continuous casting method is one of the common preparation methods of aluminum alloy cast ingots. In the direct cooling semi-continuous casting method, aluminum melt enters a crystallizer from a hot cap, and solute distribution is completely controlled by gravity or natural convection; and the outer side of the casting blank is directly cooled by water, so that the cooling strength is high, the solidification speed is high, the central heat transfer is low, and the solidification speed is low. The aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared by the method has the problems of poor crystal grain morphology of the cast ingot, large crystal grain size difference of different parts, uneven distribution of chemical elements and the like, so that the cast ingot has poor mechanical properties and uneven mechanical properties.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention provides an aluminum alloy cast ingot with high and uniform mechanical properties and a preparation method thereof. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing an aluminum alloy ingot, comprising the steps of:
preparing raw materials according to the element composition of the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
mixing and melting the raw materials to prepare an aluminum alloy liquid;
refining and chemical refining are carried out on the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain high-purity aluminum alloy liquid;
performing semi-continuous casting molding on the high-cleanness aluminum alloy liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot; the casting molding is performed under the action of a magnetic field, and the magnetic field can enable the high-clean aluminum alloy liquid to form circumferential movement in the casting molding process.
In one embodiment, the magnetic field is provided by a first electromagnetic device and a second electromagnetic device, wherein the casting is performed in a crystallizer, the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device are respectively positioned on two opposite sides of the crystallizer, and the magnetic fields of the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device are in the same or opposite directions.
In one embodiment, the magnetic field frequency in the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device is 3 Hz-50 Hz, the output current is 5A-100A, and the magnetic field directions of the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device are the same or opposite.
In one embodiment, the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device are respectively positioned on one side of the two large faces of the crystallizer.
In one embodiment, the magnetic fields of the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device can enable the high-clean aluminum alloy liquid entering the magnetic fields to generate circumferential rotary motion.
In one embodiment, the high-clean aluminum alloy liquid enters the crystallizer at 690-710 ℃ during casting molding, the casting speed is 45-55 mm/min, and the cooling water flow is 50m 3 /h～70m 3 /h。
In one embodiment, the refining treatment comprises a first refining treatment, a second refining treatment and a third refining treatment, wherein the first refining treatment is powder spraying refining, and the refining agent used in the powder spraying refining is MgCl 2 And KCl, wherein the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.06% -0.1% of the weight of the aluminum ingot in the raw material;
the second refining treatment and the third refining treatment are both mixed gas refining, the introduced gas is argon-chlorine mixed gas, and the volume ratio of chlorine in the argon-chlorine mixed gas is 5% -8%.
In one embodiment, after the chemical refining treatment and before the casting, the method further comprises the following steps:
and sequentially carrying out on-line refining treatment and filtering treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to the chemical refining treatment.
In one embodiment, the method of preparation satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
(1) The chemical refining treatment is added with a refiner, wherein the refiner is AlTi5B1, and the addition amount of the refiner is 0.4% -0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials;
(2) When the aluminum alloy cast ingot is a cast aluminum alloy, an alterant is added in the chemical refining treatment, wherein the alterant is Al-10Sr, and the addition amount of the alterant is 0.4% -0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials;
(3) The filtering treatment is double-stage plate type filtering.
An aluminum alloy cast ingot is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
Compared with the traditional preparation technology, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the preparation method of the aluminum alloy cast ingot, a magnetic field is applied in the casting forming process, so that the aluminum alloy liquid performs circumferential rotation movement under the action of the magnetic field in the casting forming process, and the low-temperature area before the aluminum alloy liquid is crystallized is enlarged; the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared by the method are greatly thinned, and chemical elements are uniformly distributed, so that the mechanical property and the mechanical property uniformity of the aluminum alloy cast ingot are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a position of an electromagnetic device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the electromagnetic device in a "large circulation" mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional sampling site for mechanical property testing of an aluminum alloy slab ingot;
FIG. 4 is an electrolytic corrosion diagram of aluminum alloy slab ingots prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is an electrolytic corrosion diagram of aluminum alloy slab ingots prepared in example 2 and comparative example 2;
fig. 6 is a sample schematic of a chemical composition segregation rate analysis of an aluminum alloy slab ingot.
Reference numerals: 10. a first electromagnetic device; 20. a crystallizer; 30. a second electromagnetic device.
Detailed Description
The detailed description of the present invention will be provided to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Unless otherwise specifically indicated, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or may be prepared by existing methods.
In the present invention, a numerical range (i.e., a numerical range) is referred to, and optional numerical distributions are considered to be continuous within the numerical range and include two numerical endpoints (i.e., a minimum value and a maximum value) of the numerical range and each numerical value between the two numerical endpoints unless otherwise specified. Where a numerical range merely refers to integers within the numerical range, including both end integers of the numerical range, and each integer between the two ends, unless otherwise indicated, each integer is recited herein as directly, such as where t is an integer selected from 1-10, and where t is any integer selected from the group of integers consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Further, when a plurality of range description features or characteristics are provided, these ranges may be combined. In other words, unless otherwise indicated, the ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to include any and all subranges subsumed therein.
The temperature parameter in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a constant temperature treatment or may vary within a predetermined temperature range. It should be appreciated that the constant temperature process described allows the temperature to fluctuate within the accuracy of the instrument control. Allows for fluctuations within a range such as + -5 ℃, + -4 ℃, + -3 ℃, + -2 ℃, + -1 ℃.
Some embodiments of the invention provide a method for preparing an aluminum alloy ingot, comprising the following steps:
s10: preparing raw materials according to the element composition of the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
s20: mixing and melting all the raw materials to prepare an aluminum alloy liquid;
s30: refining the aluminum alloy liquid in sequence to obtain high-clean aluminum alloy liquid;
s50: semi-continuous casting molding is carried out on the high-cleanness aluminum alloy liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot; the casting forming process is carried out under the action of a magnetic field, and the magnetic field can enable the high-cleanness aluminum alloy liquid to form circumferential movement in the casting forming process.
In the present invention, the "high clean aluminum alloy liquid" refers to an aluminum alloy liquid having a low slag content and a low gas content.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy cast ingot provided by the invention has the advantages that the cast molding is carried out under the action of a magnetic field, and at least the following steps are provided: (1) The magnetic field makes the aluminum alloy melt move circumferentially to form forced convection heat transfer to expand the low temperature area before crystallization, so that the nucleation rate of the melt is greatly improved, and the crystal grains are greatly thinned; in addition, the expansion of the low-temperature area before crystallization can enable the core part and the outside of the ingot to be nucleated simultaneously, so that the tissue morphology and mechanical properties of the center of the section of the ingot are similar to those of the edge tissues; the ingot casting with uniform mechanical properties is beneficial to expanding a process parameter window of downstream processing, so that the downstream processing can use more aggressive parameters (for example, higher temperature can be used for homogenizing heat treatment), thereby improving the mechanical properties of the end product. (2) Forced convection makes the melt perform circumferential rotation movement, and element segregation occurring before solidification of the melt is restrained, so that chemical elements in the aluminum alloy cast ingot are distributed more uniformly; (3) The crystal grain morphology of the aluminum alloy cast ingot can be enabled to trend to be spherical, the proportion of equiaxed crystals is improved, and the mechanical property of the cast ingot is effectively improved by the fine spheroidized crystal grains.
It is to be understood that the above-described production method may be used for producing aluminum alloy slab ingots, but is not limited thereto; can also be used for preparing pure aluminum or aluminum-based composite material slab ingots.
In some of these embodiments, in step S10, the individual starting materials for the aluminum alloy ingot may be provided in accordance with the elemental composition of the 6061 aluminum alloy slab ingot or the ZL114A cast aluminum alloy slab ingot.
In some specific examples, the feedstock includes aluminum ingots, and one or more of cathode copper, high purity magnesium ingots, al-Cu master alloys, al-Mn master alloys, al-Ti master alloys, al-Cr master alloys, al-Si master alloys, and Al-Be master alloys.
In some of these examples, the aluminum ingot is a pure aluminum ingot having a purity of 99.85% or greater.
In some of these embodiments, in step S30, the number of refining treatments is two or more times.
In some of these embodiments, in step S30, the number of refining treatments is three, including a first refining treatment, a second refining treatment, and a third refining treatment.
In some examples, the first refining process is a powder injection refining, and the gas of the powder injection refining comprises argon. Optionally, the argon is high-purity argon with purity of more than 99.999%.
Further, the temperature of the powder spraying refining is 700-740 ℃ and the time is 5-10 min.
In some preferred examples, the temperature of the powder injection refining is 725-735 ℃; further, the temperature of the powder injection refining was 730 ℃.
In some preferred examples, the dusting time is 6 minutes.
In some embodiments, in step S30, the refining agent used in the powder spraying refining is MgCl 2 And KCl. MgCl 2 The mass ratio to KCl is 43:57.
Further, the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.06-0.1% of the weight of the pure aluminum ingot, namely 0.6-1 Kg of refining agent is sprayed into ton of aluminum.
In the step S30, the second refining treatment and the third refining treatment are both mixed gas refining, the mixed gas is argon-chlorine mixed gas, and the volume ratio of chlorine in the argon-chlorine mixed gas is 5% -8%.
In some preferred examples, the volume ratio of chlorine in the argon-chlorine mixture is 7%.
In the example shown in fig. 1, in step S50, the first electromagnetic device 10 and the second electromagnetic device 30 are used to provide the magnetic field effect, wherein the casting molding is performed in the mold 20, the first electromagnetic device 10 and the second electromagnetic device 30 are respectively located at opposite sides of the mold 20, and the magnetic fields of the first electromagnetic device 10 and the second electromagnetic device 30 are in the same or opposite directions.
In some of these specific examples, two electromagnetic devices generate magnetic fields of the same polarity direction, i.e., a "large circulation" mode; the two electromagnetic devices may also generate magnetic fields of opposite polarity, i.e., a "small-cycle" mode.
In some examples, the crystallizer is an aluminum alloy slab ingot crystallizer, the crystallizer is rectangular, and the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device are respectively positioned on one side of two large faces of the crystallizer.
It is understood that a rectangular crystallizer comprises two large faces and two small faces arranged opposite to each other, the area of the two large faces being larger than the area of the two small faces.
Specifically, the first electromagnetic device 10 and the second electromagnetic device 30 are respectively provided with 3 parallel coil groups, each coil group is respectively connected to one phase of three-phase electricity, and the 3 coil groups generate magnetic fields with the same polarity direction. The magnetic field passes through the water jacket of the crystallizer to act on the aluminum alloy liquid, induced potential and current are generated in the molten metal, and the induced current and the magnetic field act to generate Lorentz force, so that the aluminum alloy liquid is pushed to flow directionally, and the stirring effect is achieved.
In some specific examples thereof, the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device are controlled independently of each other.
In some specific examples, the magnetic fields of the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device cause the high-purity aluminum alloy liquid entering the magnetic fields to perform circumferential rotary motion; further, the direction of the circumferential rotational movement is variable.
Referring to fig. 2, two electromagnetic devices with the same magnetic field polarity direction are arranged in the preparation process of the aluminum alloy ingot, so that the aluminum alloy liquid generates large-range circumferential rotation motion in the forming cavity of the crystallizer, the temperature of all melts within 21cm from the deepest part of the liquid cavity is within +6deg.C of the liquidus temperature of the alloy, and the area of a low-temperature region can be enlarged. Compared with the traditional method that the annular coil is directly arranged around the crystallizer to enable the melt to perform up-and-down circulation motion, or the intermediate frequency alternating current electromagnetic field and ultrasonic wave are applied to form oscillation motion on the aluminum liquid, the circumferential rotation motion enables the forced convection effect obtained by the melt to be strongest, and the temperature uniformity in the crystallizer is best.
In some embodiments, the magnetic field frequency in the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device may be 3Hz to 50Hz, and the output current may be 5A to 100A.
In some preferred examples, the magnetic field frequency is 3 Hz-10 Hz and the output current is 25A-35A. Further, the magnetic field frequency was 5Hz and the output current was 30A.
It is understood that the first electromagnetic means and the second electromagnetic means may also be located below the crystallizer. Further, the first electromagnetic means and the second electromagnetic means are located close to the two first chamber walls, respectively, e.g. directly below the two first chamber walls. Further, the distance between the upper surface of the electromagnetic device and the lower surface of the crystallizer is 1 mm-2 mm.
In some specific examples, the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device are turned on after the length of the aluminum alloy ingot reaches 200 mm. On the one hand, after the length reaches 200mm, the aluminum alloy cast ingot reaches a crystallization position, and the electromagnetic device is started to play a role in casting molding; on the other hand, the blank shell before 200mm is thinner, and if the electromagnetic device is started too early, the safety risk exists.
Further, after the casting length of the aluminum alloy cast ingot meets the requirement, after ending, the electromagnetic device is turned off before the casting machine is stopped, so that the electromagnetic intervention effect covers the tail of the cast blank as much as possible.
In some embodiments, in step S50, the temperature of the aluminum melt as it enters the crystallizer is 690 ℃ -710 ℃, the casting speed is 45-55 mm/min, and the cooling water flow is 50m 3 /h～70m 3 /h。
In some of these preferred examples, the temperature of the aluminum melt as it enters the crystallizer is 697 ℃ to 703 ℃.
In some embodiments, the method for preparing an aluminum alloy ingot further includes step S40.
S40: and sequentially carrying out chemical refining treatment, online refining treatment and filtering treatment on the high-clean aluminum alloy liquid.
In some of these embodiments, a refiner is added to the chemical refining process.
In some specific examples thereof, the refiner may be selected from AlTi5B1.
In some concrete examples, the addition amount of the refiner is 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials; preferably, the amount of the refiner added is 0.5% of the total weight of the raw materials.
Understandably, the number of crystal nucleus generated by the refiner in the aluminum melt determines the grain size of the aluminum alloy ingot, and the grain size of the aluminum alloy ingot can be further improved to one level by controlling the addition amount of the refiner in a specific range.
In some embodiments, the chemical refining treatment further comprises adding Ti, zr and other elements into the high-purity aluminum alloy liquid in advance; further, the Ti element is derived from an AlTi6A master alloy, and the Zr element is derived from an AlZr5A master alloy.
In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy ingot is cast aluminum alloy, the chemical refining treatment is further added with an alterant.
In some specific examples, the modifier may be selected from Al-10Sr. The chemical composition of Al-10Sr can be referred to the national standard GB27677-2017.
In some concrete examples, the addition amount of the modifier is 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials; preferably, the modifier is added in an amount of 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the raw materials.
In some embodiments, the molten aluminum is required to flow through an in-line refining apparatus; further, the online refining device is a double-rotor SNIF online degassing device; further, argon is introduced into the online refining device, and optionally, the argon is high-purity argon with the purity of more than 99.999 percent.
In some of these embodiments, the filtration process may be a dual stage filtration process. Further, a ceramic filter plate can be used for the filtering treatment. Further, two-stage filtration was performed using ceramic filter plates of 50PPI and 60PPI, respectively.
According to another aspect of the invention, an aluminum alloy ingot is provided, and the aluminum alloy ingot is prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy ingot.
The aluminum alloy cast ingot has the advantages of fine grain size, no obvious dendrite network in structure, main element segregation rate of less than 6%, liquid hydrogen content of less than or equal to 0.1mL/100g Al and the like, and has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples and comparative examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
the elemental compositions of the aluminum alloy slab ingots are shown in table 1.
Aluminum ingots and other metal feedstock were provided according to table 1. Wherein, the aluminum ingot is a 99.85% pure aluminum ingot, cu is derived from cathode copper with 99.99% purity and AlCu50 intermediate alloy, mg is derived from a 99.95% pure high-purity magnesium ingot, mn is derived from AlMn10 intermediate alloy, cr is derived from AlCr5 intermediate alloy, ti is derived from AlTi6A intermediate alloy, fe is derived from AlFe20 intermediate alloy, si is derived from AlSi20 intermediate alloy.
TABLE 1
Smelting raw materials: 9 tons of raw materials were charged into an upper natural gas melting furnace, the raw materials were prepared in accordance with table 1 (Ti element was added after the third refining), and the temperature was raised to 730 ℃.
And (3) primary refining: using a powder spraying refiner, introducing high-purity argon and spraying 8Kg refining agent (43% MgCl) into an upper natural gas smelting furnace 2 +57% KCl), the powder was completely sprayed for 6 minutes; and then tilting the upper natural gas smelting furnace to enable the melt to flow into the lower resistance holding furnace, and removing scum on the surface of the melt.
Secondary refining treatment and third refining treatment: argon is used for purging for 5min by using a furnace refining vehicle, and then chlorine-argon mixed gas is introduced, wherein the chlorine accounts for 7% of the total gas; the refining rotor stretches into the aluminum liquid level, the head of the refining rotor is completely immersed by the liquid level, the rotating speed is 250r/min, refining is carried out for 20min, and scum is scraped off; refining again for 20min in the same way, and removing scum.
Chemical refining treatment, online refining treatment and filtering treatment: putting the AlTi6A intermediate alloy shown in Table 1 into a lower furnace, standing for 25min, and then tilting the lower heat preservation furnace to enable the aluminum alloy liquid to pass through an online refining device, and simultaneously starting an online wire feeding device to feed AlTi5B1, wherein the addition amount of the AlTi5B1 is 0.5% of the total weight of the raw materials; two-stage filtration was then performed using 50PPI and 60PPI two-stage ceramic filter plates, respectively.
Casting: the filtered aluminum alloy liquid enters a crystallizer of a semi-continuous casting plate with the specification of 300mm and 1100mm, the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid in the crystallizer is controlled to be 700+/-3 ℃, the casting speed is 50mm/min, the cooling water quantity is 55L/h, a first electromagnetic device and a second electromagnetic device are started after the casting length reaches 200mm, the two electromagnetic devices generate magnetic fields with the same polarity direction, the electromagnetic frequencies are 5Hz, the output currents are 30A, an AICAN hydrogen meter is used for liquid hydrogen measurement in casting, and the hydrogen content is 0.61mL/100gAl; after the casting length meets the requirement, firstly performing casting ending, and then closing the electromagnetic interference device to prepare a 6061 aluminum alloy casting blank with the length of 4.8m and the specification of 290mm and 1090 mm.
Homogenizing heat treatment: and (3) feeding the aluminum alloy casting blank into a trolley type heat treatment furnace, wherein the precision of the heat treatment furnace in controlling the furnace temperature is +/-1 ℃, heating to 555+/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 9 hours, discharging and air cooling to obtain the 6061 aluminum alloy slab ingot.
Ultrasonic flaw detection is carried out on the prepared 6061 aluminum alloy slab ingot, and the results are shown in table 2. The 6061 aluminum alloy slab ingot prepared by the embodiment has uniform and fine structure, no obvious dendrite morphology, the whole grain size is one-level, and the grain sizes of the side part and the central part of the section of the slab ingot have no obvious difference; wherein, the grain size grade refers to the national standard GB3246.2.
TABLE 2
Example 2:
the elemental compositions of the aluminum alloy slab ingots are shown in table 3.
Aluminum ingots and other metal feedstock were provided according to table 3. Wherein, the aluminum ingot is a 99.85% pure aluminum ingot, the Mg is derived from a high-purity magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.95%, the Cu is derived from an AlCu50 intermediate alloy, the Si is derived from an AlSi20 intermediate alloy, the Ti is derived from an AlTi6A intermediate alloy, the Be is derived from an AlBe3 intermediate alloy, and the Fe is derived from an AlFe20 intermediate alloy.
TABLE 3 Table 3
Smelting raw materials: 9 tons of raw materials were charged into an upper natural gas melting furnace, the raw materials were prepared in accordance with Table 3 (Ti element was added after the third refining), and the temperature was raised to 730℃to obtain molten aluminum.
And (3) primary refining: using a powder spraying refiner, introducing high-purity argon and spraying 8Kg refining agent (43% MgCl) into an upper natural gas smelting furnace 2 +57% KCl), the powder was completely sprayed for 6 minutes; and then tilting the upper natural gas smelting furnace to enable the melt to flow into the lower resistance holding furnace, and removing scum on the surface of the melt.
Secondary refining treatment and third refining treatment: argon is used for purging for 5min by using a furnace refining vehicle, and then chlorine-argon mixed gas is introduced, wherein the chlorine accounts for 5% of the total gas; the refining rotor stretches into the aluminum liquid level, the head of the refining rotor is completely immersed by the liquid level, the rotating speed is 250r/min, refining is carried out for 20min, scum is scraped off, refining is carried out again for 20min in the same way, and scum is scraped off.
Chemical refining treatment, online refining treatment and filtering treatment: putting AlTi6A intermediate alloy into a lower furnace, standing for 25min, and then tilting the lower heat preservation furnace to enable aluminum alloy liquid to pass through an online refining device, and simultaneously starting an online wire feeding device to feed AlTi5B1 and AlSe10, wherein the addition amounts of the AlTi5B1 and the AlSe10 are all 0.5% of the total weight of the raw materials; two-stage filtration was then performed using 30PPI and 50PPI two-stage ceramic filter plates, respectively.
Casting: the filtered aluminum alloy liquid enters a crystallizer of a semi-continuous casting plate with the specification of 300mm and 1100mm, the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid in the crystallizer is controlled to be 700+/-3 ℃, the casting speed is 50mm/min, the cooling water quantity is 55L/h, a first electromagnetic device and a second electromagnetic device are started after the casting length reaches 200mm, the two electromagnetic devices generate magnetic fields with the same polarity direction, the electromagnetic frequencies are 5Hz, the output currents are 30A, an AICAN hydrogen meter is used for liquid hydrogen measurement in casting, and the hydrogen content is 0.79mL/100gAl; after the casting length meets the requirement, firstly performing casting ending, and then closing the electromagnetic interference device to prepare a ZL114A casting aluminum alloy casting blank with the length of 4.8m and the specification of 290mm and 1090 mm.
Example 3:
substantially the same as in example 2, the only difference is that: the addition amount of the refiner AlTi5B1 is 0.3 percent of the total weight of the aluminum liquid.
X-ray flaw detection was performed on the aluminum alloy slab ingots prepared in examples 2 and 3 according to AMS2175, and the results are shown in Table 4. The aluminum alloy slab ingots prepared in example 2 and example 3 both meet the A-level requirements in the AMS2175 standard; in example 2, the input amount of the refiner is controlled to be 0.5% of the weight of the aluminum ingot, and the prepared aluminum alloy slab ingot has better overall grain size.
TABLE 4 Table 4
Example 4:
substantially the same as in example 2, the only difference is that: the electromagnetic parameter was 20Hz.
The mechanical properties and grain size of the aluminum alloy slab ingot prepared in this example are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5
The core of example 4 had poor mechanical properties and core grain size reached the second level; in example 2, the magnetic field frequency is low, the penetrating effect is good, and the whole grain size of the prepared aluminum alloy slab ingot is better.
Comparative example 1:
substantially the same as in example 1, the only difference is that: the electromagnetic auxiliary device is not started.
The homogenized aluminum alloy slabs of example 1 and comparative example 1 were processed to 290mm x 1070mm, and core, large-area center, small-area center, and diagonal edge samples were taken from the slab cross-section samples and analyzed, and the distribution of Mg and Si elements at different positions was as shown in table 6. The results show that: in the aluminum alloy slab ingot prepared in the example 1, the distribution difference rate of Mg elements at different positions is 0.02 w%, and the distribution difference rate of Si elements is only 0.01 wt%; in the aluminum alloy slab ingot prepared in the comparative example 1, the difference rate of Mg elements at different positions reaches 0.11wt.%, and the difference rate of Si elements reaches 0.08wt.%; it can be seen that the chemical elements of the aluminum alloy slab ingot prepared in example 1 are more uniformly distributed.
TABLE 6
According to the sampling schematic shown in FIG. 3, sample bars were sampled from the aluminum alloy ingots prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 from three different positions of the cross-sectional large-surface center (a), the cross-sectional small-surface center (b) and the cross-sectional center (c) of the slab ingot, and the structure after electrolytic corrosion was enlarged 100 times as shown in FIG. 4; the aluminum alloy slab ingot structure of example 1 was significantly finer than that of comparative example 1.
The aluminum alloy slabs prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 were subjected to laboratory T6 heat treatment and examined for mechanical properties according to the position sampling shown in fig. 3, and the results are shown in table 7. Compared with comparative example 1, the compressive strength, the yield strength and the elongation of the aluminum alloy slab ingot of example 1 are obviously improved after homogenization heat treatment and T6 heat treatment; and the mechanical properties of different parts are more uniform.
TABLE 7
Comparative example 2:
substantially the same as in example 2, the only difference is that: the electromagnetic auxiliary casting device is not started. The aluminum alloy slabs prepared in example 2 and comparative example 2 were subjected to laboratory T6 heat treatment and examined for mechanical properties according to the position sampling shown in fig. 3, and the results are shown in table 8. Compared with comparative example 2, the compressive strength, yield strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy cast ingot treated by electromagnetic interference in example 2 are greatly improved.
According to the sampling schematic shown in FIG. 3, sample bars were sampled from aluminum alloy ingots prepared in example 2 and comparative example 2 from three different positions of the cross-sectional large-surface center (a), the cross-sectional small-surface center (b) and the cross-sectional center (c) of a slab ingot, and the structure after electrolytic corrosion was enlarged 100 times as shown in FIG. 5.
TABLE 8
Segregation rate analysis: taking 1/4 sample of the cross section of the slab ingot, and arranging every 45mm according to the position shown in FIG. 6 2 The aluminum alloy ingots prepared in example 2 and comparative example 2 were sampled and examined for Si element distribution, and the results are shown in Table 9 (unit: wt.%). Compared with comparative example 2, the segregation rate of Si element in the aluminum alloy slab ingot prepared in example 2 under the action of the magnetic field is reduced from 10.8% to 4.2%, i.e. the Si element in the slab ingot is more uniformly distributed.
Segregation ratio= (maximum value-minimum value)/maximum value 100%.
TABLE 9
In conclusion, the aluminum alloy ingot is cast and molded under the action of a magnetic field, so that the aluminum alloy liquid forms circumferential motion in the casting and molding process, and the aluminum alloy slab ingot with the grain size meeting the integral first-order, excellent mechanical property and uniform chemical element distribution can be prepared.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing raw materials according to the element composition of the aluminum alloy cast ingot;
mixing and melting the raw materials to prepare an aluminum alloy liquid;
refining and chemical refining are carried out on the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain high-purity aluminum alloy liquid;
performing semi-continuous casting molding on the high-cleanness aluminum alloy liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot; the casting molding is performed under the action of a magnetic field, and the magnetic field can enable the high-clean aluminum alloy liquid to form circumferential movement in the casting molding process.
2. The method of producing an aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field is provided by a first electromagnetic device and a second electromagnetic device, wherein the casting is performed in a mold, the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device are respectively located on opposite sides of the mold, and the magnetic fields of the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device are in the same or opposite directions.
3. The method for producing an aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 2, wherein the magnetic field frequency in the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device is 3Hz to 50Hz, the output current is 5A to 100A, and the magnetic field directions of the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device are the same or opposite.
4. A method of producing an aluminum alloy ingot according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device are located on the sides of the two large faces of the mold, respectively.
5. A method of producing an aluminum alloy ingot according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the magnetic fields of the first electromagnetic device and the second electromagnetic device cause the high-purity aluminum alloy liquid entering the magnetic field to perform a circumferential rotational motion.
6. A method for producing an aluminum alloy ingot according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the high-purity aluminum alloy liquid is cast at a temperature of 690 to 710 ℃ when entering a crystallizer, a casting speed of 45 to 55mm/min, and a cooling water flow rate of 50m 3 /h～70m 3 /h。
7. A method for producing an aluminum alloy ingot according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the refining treatment comprises a first refining treatment, a second refining treatment and a third refining treatment, the first refining treatment is a powder-spraying refining, and the refining agent used in the powder-spraying refining is MgCl 2 And KCl, wherein the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.06% -0.1% of the weight of the aluminum ingot in the raw material;
the second refining treatment and the third refining treatment are both mixed gas refining, the introduced gas is argon-chlorine mixed gas, and the volume ratio of chlorine in the argon-chlorine mixed gas is 5% -8%.
8. A method of producing an aluminum alloy ingot according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising, after the chemical refining treatment and before the casting, the steps of:
and sequentially carrying out on-line refining treatment and filtering treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid subjected to the chemical refining treatment.
9. The method of producing an aluminum alloy ingot according to claim 8, wherein the production method satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
(1) The chemical refining treatment is added with a refiner, wherein the refiner is AlTi5B1, and the addition amount of the refiner is 0.4% -0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials;
(2) When the aluminum alloy cast ingot is a cast aluminum alloy, an alterant is added in the chemical refining treatment, wherein the alterant is Al-10Sr, and the addition amount of the alterant is 0.4% -0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials;
(3) The filtering treatment is double-stage plate type filtering.
10. An aluminum alloy ingot prepared by the method for preparing an aluminum alloy ingot according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202310957804.XA 2023-08-01 2023-08-01 Aluminum alloy cast ingot and preparation method thereof Pending CN116944438A (en)

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