CN116942416A - Production process and installation method of soluble hemostatic gauze - Google Patents
Production process and installation method of soluble hemostatic gauze Download PDFInfo
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- CN116942416A CN116942416A CN202310979246.7A CN202310979246A CN116942416A CN 116942416 A CN116942416 A CN 116942416A CN 202310979246 A CN202310979246 A CN 202310979246A CN 116942416 A CN116942416 A CN 116942416A
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- gauze
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- etherification
- soluble hemostatic
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- 230000002439 hemostatic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 98
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003113 alkalizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 abstract 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/00987—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing non-adhesive dressings or bandages
- A61F13/00991—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing non-adhesive dressings or bandages for treating webs, e.g. for moisturising, coating, impregnating or applying powder
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00089—Wound bandages
- A61F2013/00182—Wound bandages with transparent part
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00089—Wound bandages
- A61F2013/00314—Wound bandages with surface treatments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00361—Plasters
- A61F2013/00846—Plasters with transparent or translucent part
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a production process of soluble hemostatic gauze, which comprises the following specific steps of S1, preparing a non-woven fabric raw material; s2, entanglement of non-woven fabric raw materials: carrying out entanglement molding on the non-woven fabric raw material prepared in the step S1 through specific high-pressure water jet molding equipment, so that the first water-absorbing and breathable fiber net layer, the sterilization net layer and the second water-absorbing and breathable fiber net layer are mutually entangled to form non-woven fabric; s3, drying and shaping the non-woven fabrics: drying and shaping the intertwined non-woven fabric by using drying equipment; s4, cutting and packaging non-woven fabrics: cutting the dried non-woven fabric to form a gauze towel, and packaging the gauze towel after cutting. The application has the following advantages: improves the hygroscopicity of the soluble hemostatic gauze, has good transparency after water absorption and gel formation and is not adhered.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of soluble hemostatic gauze production, and particularly relates to a production process and an installation method of soluble hemostatic gauze.
Background
The soluble hemostatic gauze has strong affinity to water and saline, can quickly absorb water in blood to dissolve when encountering blood, and the formed colloid blocks the tail end of a capillary vessel, promotes blood concentration, increases viscosity and slows down blood flow, so that the hemostatic purpose is achieved.
In the traditional process, after cellulose is limited and subjected to carboxymethylation, the water absorption capacity is greatly improved due to the increase of the content of carboxymethyl groups, but after soluble hemostatic gauze and anti-adhesion gauze are manufactured, the water absorption or the viscosity is too large, so that the use process is inconvenient, or the gel is opaque, the gauze is curled, and the wound healing is adversely affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects, and provides a production process of soluble hemostatic gauze, which improves the hygroscopicity of the soluble hemostatic gauze and has good transparency and no adhesion after water absorption and gel formation.
The aim of the application is achieved by the following technical scheme: a production process of soluble hemostatic gauze comprises the following specific steps of
S1, washing: cutting gauze to a preset size, and putting the gauze into purified water for washing;
s2, alkalizing: 1-2 parts of washed gauze is placed in 80-100 parts of ethanol solution for infiltration, 40-50 parts of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the ethanol solution, the mixture is stirred uniformly, alkalization treatment is carried out for 1-2 hours at 20-30 ℃, and the gauze is taken out for wringing for later use;
s3, etherification: putting the gauze obtained in the step S2 into an etherification mixed solution, wherein the etherification mixed solution is formed by mixing 40-50 parts of sodium hydroxide solution and 100-120 parts of chloroacetic acid solution, carrying out etherification treatment for 5-6 hours at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, and taking out the gauze to be wrung for later use;
s4, neutralization: putting the gauze obtained in the step S3 into a neutralization solution, wherein the neutralization solution is prepared by mixing 8-10 parts of acetic acid and 50-80 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out neutralization reaction at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, and regulating the PH value of the gauze to be neutral;
s5, washing: washing gauze with 80% ethanol for several times, and oven drying to obtain soluble hemostatic gauze.
The application further improves that: in the step S1, the mass ratio of the gauze to the purified water is 1:100-1:80, and the gauze is washed for 1-2h.
The application further improves that: in the step S2, 1 part of washed gauze is placed in 80 parts of ethanol solution for infiltration, 40 parts of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the ethanol solution, the mixture is stirred uniformly, alkalization treatment is carried out for 1 hour at 20 ℃, and the gauze is taken out for wringing out for later use.
The application further improves that: in the step S2, 2 parts of washed gauze is placed in 100 parts of ethanol solution for infiltration, 50 parts of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the ethanol solution, the mixture is stirred uniformly, alkalization is carried out for 2 hours at 30 ℃, and the gauze is taken out for wringing out for later use.
The application further improves that: in the step S2, 1.5 parts of washed gauze is placed in 90 parts of ethanol solution for infiltration, 45 parts of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the ethanol solution, the mixture is stirred uniformly, alkalization treatment is carried out for 1.5 hours at 25 ℃, and the gauze is taken out for wringing out for later use.
The application further improves that: in the step S3, the gauze obtained in the step S2 is placed into an etherification mixed solution, the etherification mixed solution is formed by mixing 45 parts of sodium hydroxide solution and 150 parts of chloroacetic acid solution, etherification treatment is carried out for 5.5 hours at the temperature of 55 ℃, and the gauze is taken out and is wrung for standby.
The application further improves that: in the step S4, the gauze obtained in the step S3 is placed into a neutralization solution, the neutralization solution is formed by mixing 9 parts of acetic acid and 60 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, a neutralization reaction is carried out at the temperature of 25 ℃, and the PH value of the gauze is adjusted to be neutral.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages: the application improves the hygroscopicity of the soluble hemostatic gauze, has good transparency after water absorption and gel formation and is not adhered.
Detailed Description
The present application will be further described in detail with reference to examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
A production process of soluble hemostatic gauze comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of
S1, washing: cutting gauze to a preset size, putting the gauze into purified water for washing, wherein the mass ratio of the gauze to the purified water is 1:100-1:80, and washing for 1-2h;
s2, alkalizing: 1-2 parts of washed gauze is placed in 80-100 parts of ethanol solution for infiltration, 40-50 parts of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the ethanol solution, the mixture is stirred uniformly, alkalization treatment is carried out for 1-2 hours at 20-30 ℃, and the gauze is taken out for wringing for later use;
s3, etherification: putting the gauze obtained in the step S2 into an etherification mixed solution, wherein the etherification mixed solution is formed by mixing 40-50 parts of sodium hydroxide solution and 100-120 parts of chloroacetic acid solution, carrying out etherification treatment for 5-6 hours at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, and taking out the gauze to be wrung for later use;
s4, neutralization: putting the gauze obtained in the step S3 into a neutralization solution, wherein the neutralization solution is prepared by mixing 8-10 parts of acetic acid and 50-80 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out neutralization reaction at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, and regulating the PH value of the gauze to be neutral;
s5, washing: washing gauze with 80% ethanol for several times, and oven drying to obtain soluble hemostatic gauze.
Examples
A production process of soluble hemostatic gauze comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of
S1, washing: cutting gauze to a preset size, putting the gauze into purified water for washing, wherein the mass ratio of the gauze to the purified water is 1:100, and washing for 1h;
s2, alkalizing: 1 part of washed gauze is placed in 80 parts of ethanol solution for infiltration, 40 parts of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the ethanol solution, the mixture is stirred uniformly, alkalization is carried out for 1-2 hours at 20 ℃, and the gauze is taken out for wringing out for standby;
s3, etherification: putting the gauze obtained in the step S2 into an etherification mixed solution, wherein the etherification mixed solution is formed by mixing 40 parts of sodium hydroxide solution and 100 parts of chloroacetic acid solution, carrying out etherification treatment for 5 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃, and taking out the gauze to be wrung for later use;
s4, neutralization: putting the gauze obtained in the step S3 into a neutralization solution, wherein the neutralization solution is prepared by mixing 8 parts of acetic acid and 50 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out neutralization reaction at the temperature of 20 ℃ to adjust the PH value of the gauze to be neutral;
s5, washing: washing gauze with 80% ethanol for several times, and oven drying to obtain soluble hemostatic gauze.
Examples
A production process of soluble hemostatic gauze comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of
S1, washing: cutting gauze to a preset size, putting the gauze into purified water for washing, wherein the mass ratio of the gauze to the purified water is 1:80, and washing for 2 hours;
s2, alkalizing: 2 parts of gauze after water washing is placed in 100 parts of ethanol solution for infiltration, 50 parts of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the ethanol solution, the mixture is stirred uniformly, alkalization is carried out for 2 hours at 30 ℃, and the gauze is taken out for wringing out for standby;
s3, etherification: putting the gauze obtained in the step S2 into an etherification mixed solution, wherein the etherification mixed solution is formed by mixing 50 parts of sodium hydroxide solution and 120 parts of chloroacetic acid solution, carrying out etherification treatment for 6 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and taking out the gauze to be wrung for later use;
s4, neutralization: putting the gauze obtained in the step S3 into a neutralization solution, wherein the neutralization solution is prepared by mixing 10 parts of acetic acid and 80 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out neutralization reaction at the temperature of 30 ℃, and regulating the PH value of the gauze to be neutral;
s5, washing: washing gauze with 80% ethanol for several times, and oven drying to obtain soluble hemostatic gauze.
Examples
A production process of soluble hemostatic gauze comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of
S1, washing: cutting gauze to a preset size, putting the gauze into purified water for washing, wherein the mass ratio of the gauze to the purified water is 1:90, and washing for 1.5h;
s2, alkalizing: 1-2 parts of washed gauze is placed in 90 parts of ethanol solution for infiltration, 45 parts of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the ethanol solution, the mixture is stirred uniformly, alkalization is carried out for 1.5 hours at 25 ℃, and the gauze is taken out for wringing out for later use;
s3, etherification: putting the gauze obtained in the step S2 into an etherification mixed solution, wherein the etherification mixed solution is formed by mixing 45 parts of sodium hydroxide solution and 110 parts of chloroacetic acid solution, carrying out etherification treatment for 5.5 hours at the temperature of 55 ℃, and taking out the gauze to be wrung for later use;
s4, neutralization: putting the gauze obtained in the step S3 into a neutralization solution, wherein the neutralization solution is prepared by mixing 9 parts of acetic acid and 60 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out neutralization reaction at the temperature of 25 ℃ to adjust the PH value of the gauze to be neutral;
s5, washing: washing gauze with 80% ethanol for several times, and oven drying to obtain soluble hemostatic gauze.
When the sodium hydroxide solution is less than 40 parts in the alkalization process, the generated carboxymethyl cellulose is less, the subsequent etherification reaction is not easy to carry out, the gauze is difficult to dissolve completely, the sodium hydroxide solution is gradually increased, the solubility of the gauze is improved, the time required for complete dissolution is reduced, when the sodium hydroxide solution is 45 parts, the time required for dissolution is minimum, the sodium hydroxide solution is continuously increased, the alkalizable carboxyl on the macromolecular chain of the cellulose of the gauze is less and less, the alkalization difficulty is greater and greater, the time required for dissolving the gauze is increased, and the solubility performance is reduced, so that the alkalization effect of the gauze is best when the sodium hydroxide solution is 45 parts.
When the chloroacetic acid is less than 100 parts or more than 120 parts, the gauze is in an insoluble state, when the part of the chloroacetic acid is too low, alkali cellulose generated after the gauze is alkalized reacts with the chloroacetic acid to generate little carboxymethyl cellulose, the molecular collision probability between the alkali cellulose and the chloroacetic acid is increased along with the increase of the part of the chloroacetic acid, the reaction generates little dissolution time of the gauze, the dissolution performance is better, when the pH value of a reaction system is reduced and the solution is slightly alkaline, the nucleophilic substitution etherification reaction is not facilitated, so that the generated carboxymethyl cellulose is reduced, the dissolution of the gauze is poor, and therefore 110 parts of chloroacetic acid is selected to be most suitable.
Experiments show that the parts of sodium hydroxide and chloroacetic acid, the etherification time and the etherification temperature influence the dissolution time of the soluble hemostatic gauze, and the dissolution time of the gauze tends to be reduced and then increased along with the increase of the parts of sodium hydroxide and chloroacetic acid, the etherification time and the etherification temperature. Therefore, example 3 is the best mode.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present application, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the application is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A production process of soluble hemostatic gauze is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of
S1, washing: cutting gauze to a preset size, and putting the gauze into purified water for washing;
s2, alkalizing: 1-2 parts of washed gauze is placed in 80-100 parts of ethanol solution for infiltration, 40-50 parts of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the ethanol solution, the mixture is stirred uniformly, alkalization treatment is carried out for 1-2 hours at 20-30 ℃, and the gauze is taken out for wringing for later use;
s3, etherification: putting the gauze obtained in the step S2 into an etherification mixed solution, wherein the etherification mixed solution is formed by mixing 40-50 parts of sodium hydroxide solution and 100-120 parts of chloroacetic acid solution, carrying out etherification treatment for 5-6 hours at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, and taking out the gauze to be wrung for later use;
s4, neutralization: putting the gauze obtained in the step S3 into a neutralization solution, wherein the neutralization solution is prepared by mixing 8-10 parts of acetic acid and 50-80 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out neutralization reaction at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, and regulating the PH value of the gauze to be neutral;
s5, washing: washing gauze with 80% ethanol for several times, and oven drying to obtain soluble hemostatic gauze.
2. The process for producing the soluble hemostatic gauze according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the steps of: in the step S1, the mass ratio of the gauze to the purified water is 1:100-1:80, and the gauze is washed for 1-2h.
3. The process for producing the soluble hemostatic gauze according to claim 2, wherein the process comprises the steps of: in the step S2, 1 part of washed gauze is placed in 80 parts of ethanol solution for infiltration, 40 parts of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the ethanol solution, the mixture is stirred uniformly, alkalization treatment is carried out for 1h at 20 ℃, and the gauze is taken out for wringing out for later use.
4. A process for producing a soluble hemostatic gauze according to claim 3, wherein: in the step S2, 2 parts of washed gauze is placed in 100 parts of ethanol solution for infiltration, 50 parts of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the ethanol solution, the mixture is stirred uniformly, alkalization is carried out for 2 hours at 30 ℃, and the gauze is taken out for wringing out for later use.
5. The process for producing the soluble hemostatic gauze according to claim 4, wherein the process comprises the steps of: in the step S2, 1.5 parts of washed gauze is placed in 90 parts of ethanol solution for infiltration, 45 parts of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the ethanol solution, the mixture is stirred uniformly, alkalization treatment is carried out for 1.5 hours at 25 ℃, and the gauze is taken out for wringing out for later use.
6. The process for producing the soluble hemostatic gauze according to claim 5, wherein the process comprises the steps of: in the step S3, the gauze obtained in the step S2 is placed into an etherification mixed solution, the etherification mixed solution is formed by mixing 45 parts of sodium hydroxide solution and 150 parts of chloroacetic acid solution, etherification treatment is carried out for 5.5 hours at the temperature of 55 ℃, and the gauze is taken out and is wrung for standby.
7. The process for producing the soluble hemostatic gauze according to claim 6, wherein the process comprises the steps of: in the step S4, the gauze obtained in the step S3 is placed into a neutralization solution, the neutralization solution is formed by mixing 9 parts of acetic acid and 60 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, a neutralization reaction is carried out at the temperature of 25 ℃, and the PH value of the gauze is adjusted to be neutral.
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