CN116941595A - Arid region and zokor control method in arid region - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling zokor in arid regions and semiarid regions, which comprises the following steps: step one, searching a tunnel, step two, identifying the tunnel, step three, plugging by inserting a pipe, step four, deflating and deratization, step five, and rechecking for prevention and control; the method has the advantages of low cost, labor and time saving, simple and safe operation, high efficiency and wide application range, can be used for preventing and controlling various zokors on various lands such as forests, grasslands, agricultural lands and the like in arid and semiarid regions, has good prevention and control effect, kills mice in the whole pit, kills the mice underground, kills the mice and rot into organic fertilizer, and is easy to produce pollution sources and disease infection sources, can not cause water and soil loss to destroy ecological environment, does not produce secondary poisoning to natural enemies, has no residue and no toxic substance accumulation, and can effectively recover the mouse and pest economic loss in agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, and the prevention and control benefit is direct and huge.

Description

Arid region and zokor control method in arid region

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of arid and semiarid region murine control, and particularly relates to a method for controlling zokor in an arid region and a semiarid region.

Background

The arid and semiarid regions of China account for 2/3 of the total area of the country, the mouse damage is increasingly serious, the agricultural development of the arid and semiarid regions of China is seriously influenced, the ecological environment and the forestry development are also influenced, and the daily production and life of human beings are seriously influenced;

zokor is a special species of zokor in China, according to literature records, 8 species of zokor are shared in China, wherein the serious harm is caused by Gansu zokor and Chinese zokor, gansu zokor is mainly distributed in the north part of Gansu, shanxi and south part of Ningxia, and the Chinese zokor is mainly distributed in the provinces of Shanxi, inner Mongolia, hebei and other provinces and some areas of Shanxi and north part of Shanxi, wherein the number of host plants of Gansu zokor is as large as 95 species, and the needle tree species such as Pinus, pinus sylvestris, larch, biota and the like are mainly damaged, and meanwhile, economic forest such as apples, pears, mountain apricots, peaches and the like are also damaged;

zokor is an important rodent with hole property and feeding property, zokor is a generic name of the subfamily zokorae of the hamster family of the rodent, is also called sheep, sialon, is shaped like a common mouse, has big and flat head, extremely undeveloped vision, silver gray back hair with light ocher color, thick and strong body, 15-27 cm long body, blunt, incisor teeth, thick and powerful limbs, particularly developed front paw, larger than corresponding finger length, especially the longest third toe, is a powerful tool for digging a tunnel, has small eyes, almost hidden in hair, poor vision, is called a wild mouse, has small skin folds around earholes, has short tails and slightly longer rear feet, is sparse hair or bare, has hair color from gray, gray to red, and belongs to 6 kinds in total;

zokor life habit has five characteristics: firstly, the plant is perched in a hole with moist and loose soil, secondly, the female and male living independently, but living together in the propagation period, thirdly, the plant is loved in darkness, afraid of sunlight, poor in eyesight, sensitive in hearing, loved in quietness and afraid of frightening, fourthly, the plant root system is eaten, the plant is generally dug to eat, and thirdly, the disease resistance is strong and the plant is not hibernated;

zokor is bred in 3-9 months generally, 2 zokor is bred in year, 1-8 zokor is bred in oestrus in 1-8 zokor in wild state, the zokor is bred in 4-6 months each year, 2-3 zokor is bred in 3-10 months each year under artificial breeding condition, more than 8 zokor grows for 2 months to sexually mature, female mice are oestrus with mucus in pudendum and make 'squeak' sound, at this time, the good time of breeding is the gestation period of female mice, the birth is more at night, young animals mainly feed potatoes, grass roots and the like in 10 days, the young animals can independently live after 20 days, the food consumption of the zokor is huge, the daily food consumption of individuals is close to or exceeds the weight of the individuals, for example, the maximum grass consumption of the zokor can reach 135 g, and the weight of the individuals is far greater than the weight of the individuals.

The zokor has very developed and complex hole structure, takes nest as starting point and takes dendritic outward distribution. The nest is only communicated with a single trunk tunnel, the places with frequent branches are far away from the nest, the space distribution pattern is obviously beneficial to the safety of the nest, the nest is not easy to be found by natural enemies (snakes or weasel animals), the tunnel is easy to be blocked and defended, a loop structure is not found in the tunnel structure of the zokor, the diameter of the tunnel is generally 8-13 cm, the average distance of the tunnel is 10cm (the nest is exceptional, the top of the tunnel is 30-70 cm from the ground), the soil in the tunnel is not completely removed when the zokor digs into the tunnel, and all or most of the soil is extruded and tamped on the tunnel wall by the kiss (nose), so that the tunnel wall becomes quite hard and firm, which is equivalent to embedding a circular pipe structure, the stress performance of the tunnel is improved, the self-collapse of the tunnel is prevented, and the tunnel forms a special system with strong airtight performance and strong rainwater penetration resistance;

the zokor is a main pest of agriculture, forestry and animal industry, and in agriculture and forestry, plants die because of biting the roots of crops, or the whole plant of crops is pulled away from the ground, so that a large number of crops are short of seedlings and broken ridges, and the harvest quantity of crops is affected because of a large amount of night transportation and grain storage. In a forest area, the method is mainly used for feeding tree rhizomes and plant root systems, so that plants are killed and lodged, especially tender root systems of sapling are favored to be eaten, the damage to sapling is greatest, according to investigation, in a pine sapling area, the death rate of trees damaged by zokor is as high as 18% -30%, and large trees with the height of 2.5 meters are always bitten, so that the structure and ecological community of a forest stand are seriously damaged, the afforestation result is greatly influenced, pastures are damaged in a pasture area, soil piles pushed out by digging holes are damaged, and the grassland area is reduced. Surface soil loss is caused by crisscross tunnels, so that grassland degradation is promoted;

the current zokor control method mainly comprises the following steps:

1. physical control

(1) The method comprises the steps of killing ground arrows, cutting a normal traffic tunnel according to a method for identifying a zokor tunnel, cutting the tunnel into an inclined plane, enabling the top of the tunnel to form an angle of about 25 degrees with the bottom of the tunnel, determining the trend of the zokor, cutting the tunnel with the zokor, shoveling the ground skin at the top of the tunnel, inserting iron wire arrows from top to bottom along the tunnel, taking care of not extending into the tunnel, inserting a gate stick, erecting a flat beam and hanging stone plates, pressing a switch with 1 soil ball to place the tunnel, starting the switch when the zokor fills the tunnel, quickly dropping the iron arrows, and nailing the zokor, thereby being one of effective methods for trapping and killing by fully utilizing the trails of the zokor, such as wind resistance, light resistance and water resistance, and hole blocking;

(2) After a zokor tunnel is identified, a normal traffic tunnel is cut, the zokor mine is placed below the tunnel, a battery and a switch are pressed by a mud ball, when the zokor fills up the tunnel, the mud ball is touched, the switch is started, and the zokor is blasted, so that the method has a good deratization effect, but needs to be safe;

2. chemical control

(1) The method comprises the steps of (1) fumigating and killing the mouse-killing bullet by asphyxiation, finding a long-travel traffic tunnel, and igniting the mouse-killing bullet by asphyxiation in the tunnel after the existence of the mouse is determined, wherein the mouse-killing bullet is mainly made of black explosives, so that the combustion power is high, oxygen in the tunnel can be exhausted, a large amount of toxic gas is generated, and the zokor is choked to die;

(2) The bait is used for trapping and killing the common bait, such as toxic mouse ether, toxic mouse phosphorus and the like, and the bait can be mixed with the toxic drug and placed in an effective hole to kill zokor after eating;

(3) Fumigating and killing aluminum phosphide, digging an effective hole, placing two aluminum phosphide sheets into the hole, and then plugging the hole, wherein the aluminum phosphide can be decomposed and produce highly toxic gas phosphine when encountering air with relative humidity of more than 5%, so as to fumigate and kill zokor, but care is taken to store the aluminum phosphide, so that poisoning of people and livestock is avoided;

3. biological control

The biological control mainly uses natural enemies to kill mice, and owl, snakes, foxes, ai Hu and yellow weapons are effective natural enemies of the zokor, and the natural enemies are forcefully attracted and protected in the regions of the high-dose zokor, so that the reproduction and harm of the zokor can be effectively restrained;

4. and (5) protecting the technical measures of forests.

The method adopts targeted forest planting technical measures to effectively reduce the damage of zokor, mainly adopts deep planting forestation, digs 70cm deep horizontal furrows, fish scale pits or deep pits, plants 50 cm deep, can effectively avoid long holes and feeding holes of zokor, builds mixed forests, cultivates shrubs with developed root systems such as caragana, mixes with Chinese pine to prevent effective digging of zokor, mixes with locust or plants castor in woodland, utilizes the repellent effect of plants on zokor, reduces the density of mouse mouths, increases the forestation density, increases the number of plants by 10% -20%, improves the forestation preservation rate, strengthens the nurturing of young forests, mainly uses intertillage weeding to destroy a zokor tunnel system and living environment.

However, the deratization method has the defects of inconvenient operation, serious pollution, higher cost, low efficiency, long time effect and the like, so that the deratization effect is poor, and the deratization method can generate larger side effect even if the deratization is successful.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a method for preventing and controlling zokor in arid regions and semiarid regions.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling zokor in arid regions and semiarid regions, which comprises the following steps:

step one, searching a tunnel: the effective tunnel of the zokor activity is found and identified by field stepping, and the concrete method is that the movable tunnel is detected by observing whether surrounding saplings, grasses and crops become yellow and withered or observing a soil ridge or a soil mound formed by digging a cave of the zokor;

step two, identifying a tunnel: the method comprises the steps of (1) judging the direction and the position of nest and normal traffic holes by excavating a zokor tunnel, cutting a longitudinal section of the tunnel;

step three, plugging a cannula: inserting an exhaust pipe into a hole in the nest direction, and plugging with soil and trampling tightly;

step four, deflating and deratization: putting a deratization gas into the tunnel, turning off after the duration is 13-20 seconds, pumping out the exhaust pipe, and stamping to seal the hole;

step five, rechecking and preventing: checking the next day, if the excavation place does not have a zokor excavation hole, the prevention and the control are successful, if the excavation place has a zokor excavation new soil blocking hole, the prevention and the control are failed before, and all the holes of the tunnel are blocked according to the third step and the fourth step for re-fumigation.

Preferably, in the step four of deflating and deratization, the duration of releasing the deratization gas into the tunnel is 15 seconds.

Preferably, in the step two of identifying the tunnel, judging whether the tunnel is a common nest of the zokor in a way that soil in the effective foraging tunnel of the zokor is fresh and lubricated and has trace of small soil particles rolling;

the abandoned holes are provided with shielding objects such as hyphae, dew drops, spider webs, maggot manure, plant root buds, water leakage stains and the like, the walls of the abandoned holes are soft and breathable, and the bottom of the abandoned holes is provided with scattered fine soil without zokor paw marks.

By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method has the advantages of low cost, labor and time saving, simple and safe operation, convenience, high efficiency and macroscopical cost and efficiency, optimal cooperation operation of two persons, single completion of operation of 1 person, wide application range, capability of preventing and controlling various zokors on various lands such as woodlands, grasslands, agricultural lands and the like in arid and semiarid regions, good prevention and control effect, capability of killing mice in the whole pit, capability of changing the rotten of the dead mice into organic fertilizer and soil, no pollution source and disease infection source, no water and soil loss to destroy ecological environment, safety to human and livestock, no secondary poisoning to natural enemies, no residue and no toxic accumulation, capability of effectively recovering the economic damage of the mice in agriculture and forestry and animal husbandry, and direct and huge prevention and control benefit, and easiness in operation, high efficiency, no pollution, low cost and long time effect.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tunnel and cannula according to the present invention.

Wherein: 1. soil hills; 2. a hole top soil layer; 3. a tunnel; 4. and an exhaust pipe.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, based on the examples herein, which are within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims, will be within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

Embodiment one:

on a 1-year-old radix codonopsis cultivation terraced field with soil being yellow cotton soil and plant row spacing of 5cm multiplied by 5m, if dead dry tendril leaves of radix codonopsis are observed, a soil ridge or a soil hill 1 formed by digging a cave of the zokor can be searched by stepping on the field, the position of an active tunnel 3 of the zokor is initially ascertained, a tunnel top soil layer 2 above the tunnel 3 of the zokor is dug by a spade, the longitudinal section of the tunnel 3 is cut, and the direction and the position of nest and normal traffic holes are judged; the exhaust pipe 4 of the special gas device is inserted into the hole in the nest direction, and the hole is plugged by soil and trampled tightly, so that the gas is prevented from leaking from the hole; the rat-killing gas is put for about 15 seconds, the exhaust pipe 4 is drawn out, the hole is closed by stepping, and the rat can be killed by fumigating the hole channel 3 with the rat-killing gas; checking the next day, if a zokor excavates new soil to block the tunnel portal appears at the excavated position, indicating that the prevention and control are failed before, and searching and blocking all the break openings of the tunnel 3 and fumigating again; if the direction and the position of the nest and the normal traffic hole cannot be accurately judged, fumigation and killing can be respectively carried out at the two ends of the opening of the tunnel 3 so as to ensure the control effect.

Embodiment two:

a method for controlling zokor in arid region and semiarid region comprises checking on the land of 3-year-old young apple grafted seedling with loam land slope of 25 and plant-line spacing of 4mx4m by stepping on the land, observing whether young apple trees and surrounding vegetation turn yellow and wilt, finding out soil ridge or mound 1 formed by digging cave of zokor, and identifying the movable tunnel 3; digging a tunnel top soil layer 2 above a zokor tunnel 3 by using a spade, cutting a longitudinal section of the tunnel 3, and judging the direction and the position of nest and a normal traffic tunnel; an exhaust pipe 4 of a deratization gas device is inserted into a hole in the nest direction, and is plugged by soil and trampled tightly, so that gas is prevented from leaking from the hole;

the valve of the rat-killing gas device is turned on, the gas can be discharged for about 15 seconds, the exhaust pipe 4 is drawn out, the hole is plugged by treading, and the zokor can be killed by fumigating and asphyxiating the rat-killing gas filled in the hole channel 3; checking the next day, if a zokor excavates new soil to block the tunnel portal appears at the excavated position, indicating that the prevention and control are failed before, and searching and blocking all the break openings of the tunnel 3 and fumigating again.

Embodiment III:

a method for controlling zokor in arid region and semiarid region comprises cultivating transplanting seedling of Platycladus orientalis with 5 years old, height 1.5 m and crown width 50 cm in slope of returned forest with yellow cotton soil, gradient 30 ° and annual precipitation 435mm, and row spacing 4m×3m,56 plants/mu; 2 years old, 1.5 meters high, 1.5 cm in ground diameter, and intercepting the wild apricot transplanting seedlings with 30 cm trunks, wherein the plant row spacing is 4m multiplied by 3m, and 56 plants/mu; the mixing ratio of the two is 1:1, observing whether young trees become yellow and withered, ascertaining the position of a movable tunnel 3, digging a tunnel top soil layer 2 above the tunnel 3 of a zokor by using a spade, namely cutting a longitudinal section of the tunnel 3, judging the direction and the position of nest, normal traffic holes, inserting an exhaust pipe 4 of a rat-killing gas device into a hole in the nest direction, plugging by using soil, and tightly stepping to avoid gas leakage from the tunnel; the valve of the rat-killing gas device is turned on, the gas can be discharged for about 15 seconds, the exhaust pipe 4 is drawn out, the hole is plugged by treading, and the zokor can be killed by fumigating and asphyxiating the rat-killing gas filled in the hole channel 3; checking the next day, if a zokor excavates new soil to block the tunnel portal appears at the excavated position, indicating that the prevention and control are failed before, and searching and blocking all the break openings of the tunnel 3 and fumigating again.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. The method for controlling zokor in arid regions and semiarid regions is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step one, searching a tunnel: the effective tunnel of the zokor activity is found and identified by field stepping, and the concrete method is that the movable tunnel is detected by observing whether surrounding saplings, grasses and crops become yellow and withered or observing a soil ridge or a soil mound formed by digging a cave of the zokor;

step two, identifying a tunnel: the method comprises the steps of (1) judging the direction and the position of nest and normal traffic holes by excavating a zokor tunnel, cutting a longitudinal section of the tunnel;

step three, plugging a cannula: inserting an exhaust pipe into a hole in the nest direction, and plugging with soil and trampling tightly;

step four, deflating and deratization: putting a deratization gas into the tunnel, turning off after the duration is 13-20 seconds, pumping out the exhaust pipe, and stamping to seal the hole;

step five, rechecking and preventing: checking the next day, if the excavation place does not have a zokor excavation hole, the prevention and the control are successful, if the excavation place has a zokor excavation new soil blocking hole, the prevention and the control are failed before, and all the holes of the tunnel are blocked according to the third step and the fourth step for re-fumigation.

2. The method for controlling zokor in arid regions and semiarid regions according to claim 1, wherein: in the step four of the deflation and deratization, the duration of releasing the deratization gas into the tunnel is 15 seconds.

3. The method for controlling zokor in arid regions and semiarid regions according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step of identifying the tunnel, judging whether the tunnel is a common nest of the zokor in such a way that soil in the effective foraging tunnel of the zokor is fresh and lubricated and has trace of small soil particles rolling;

the abandoned holes are provided with shielding objects such as hyphae, dew drops, spider webs, maggot manure, plant root buds, water leakage stains and the like, the walls of the abandoned holes are soft and breathable, and the bottom of the abandoned holes is provided with scattered fine soil without zokor paw marks.