CN116938664A - Constellation point mapping modulation method, device and equipment in analog information source communication system - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/345—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information
- H04L27/3461—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel
- H04L27/3483—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel using a modulation of the constellation points
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
- G06F18/20—Analysing
- G06F18/23—Clustering techniques
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/36—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and discloses a constellation point mapping modulation method, a device and equipment under an analog information source communication system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a constellation point mapping modulation method under an analog information source communication system comprises the following steps: s1, generating a random sequence, and obtaining a source symbol according to the random sequence, namely a constellation point with full resolution; s2, carrying out irregular constellation point mapping on the information source symbol by adopting a clustering algorithm, and quantizing and mapping the constellation points with full resolution to a constellation with limited points to obtain a mapped information sequence; and S3, transmitting the information sequence through a channel. The invention can realize the maximum fidelity of the information source sample in various wireless channels and reduce the cost and complexity of the system for transmitting and receiving information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a constellation point mapping modulation method, device and equipment in an analog information source communication system.
Background
Many existing communication systems are digital communication systems, and because no digital signal exists in nature, the digital communication systems all need to sample, quantize and encode the analog signal of the information source into the digital signal, that is, after analog-to-digital conversion (Analog to Digital Converter, ADC) is completed, the subsequent processing and transmission are performed. The system has some significant disadvantages: 1. the occupied transmission frequency band is larger, and the frequency band utilization rate is lower; 2, the transmitting end and the receiving end are required to perform analog-to-digital conversion, and the quantization error is large; 3. in order to pursue good performance, the system complexity and overall delay are high; 4. the robustness of the system to the change of the Channel condition is poor, and saturation phenomenon can occur when the Channel condition (measured by Channel Signal-to-noise Ratios (CSNR)) is better than the range of the system design; when the CSNR is less than the range of the system design, a "cliff effect" is exhibited. While the performance of analog communication systems is optimal in some situations: it has been demonstrated that independent co-distributed gaussian sources can achieve optimal performance in additive white gaussian noise channel (Additive White Gaussian Noise, AWGN) direct transmission (1:1 bandwidth ratio) without information compression or bandwidth expansion. Accordingly, continued research into analog communications has become an alternative to conventional digital communication systems under certain conditions.
In conventional digital communication systems, quadrature amplitude modulation (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM) has become one of the commonly used modulation schemes. Higher order modulation thereof can provide higher data rates and higher spectral efficiency for digital communication systems. But the adaptability to noise and interference is worsened as the modulation order increases; the difference between the two symbols is small, so that the requirement on the receiving end equipment is high. The input to an analog communication system is continuous, so the full resolution constellation is complex and extremely dense, which in practice makes it difficult to design suitable antennas and radio chains, and the transmission costs are high. Furthermore, transmitting successive values is also a great burden for the antenna. It is necessary to quantize the full resolution constellation to a constellation with finite points.
Some clustering algorithms proposed by machine learning can consider an information source constellation diagram as a sample set with high concentration, and then clustering is used for classifying the information source constellation diagram to form clusters with high mutual variability, and the centers of the clusters can be regarded as irregular constellation point mapping points similar to QAM. Whereas QAM is a uniformly distributed mapping, analog sources are rarely uniformly distributed, and since the area division of QAM is regular, the quantization error introduced is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a constellation point mapping modulation method, a constellation point mapping modulation device and constellation point mapping modulation equipment under an analog information source communication system, which can realize maximum fidelity of information source samples in various wireless channels and reduce the cost and complexity of information transmission and information reception of the system.
The embodiment of the invention provides a constellation point mapping modulation method under an analog information source communication system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, generating a random sequence, and obtaining a source symbol according to the random sequence, namely a constellation point with full resolution;
s2, carrying out irregular constellation point mapping on the information source symbol by adopting a clustering algorithm, and quantizing and mapping the constellation points with full resolution to a constellation with limited points to obtain a mapped information sequence; specifically, the number m of cluster clusters is specified, and m points are randomly selected from the source symbol as initial cluster center points to form a center point set Q= { Q 1 ，q 2... q m -a }; calculating the distances d from all the source symbols except the center point to the center point of each cluster, and attributing each source symbol to the cluster of the center point closest to the source symbol; adding the distances from all the source symbols in each cluster to the center point to obtain a distance sum and recording; repeating the steps until the error is minimum or the sum of the distances is minimum or gradient convergence is achieved, completing one-time clustering, obtaining a hard judgment result, and recording the minimum sum of the distances of each point; performing soft decision on constellation points to divide cluster clusters, comparing the cluster clusters with the hard decision result, and adjusting the division areas of the clusters to minimize errors to obtain a new cluster result; re-randomly selecting the initial cluster center and repeating the aboveComparing the recorded distance and error of each round until the preset repetition times are reached, and taking the minimum distance and error in each round as the final clustering condition to obtain an information sequence;
and S3, transmitting the information sequence through a channel.
Preferably, the random sequence obeys variance ofIs a gaussian distribution of (c).
Preferably, the soft decision method is:
wherein ,for weight, the error of soft and hard decision is reduced by iterative adjustment>And the cluster center point is obtained after soft decision.
Preferably, the distance d is scalar as euclidean distance; the formula for attributing each source symbol to the cluster of the closest center point to it is as follows:
wherein ,x is the rest of the source symbol set i The ith source symbol of the source symbol set is the source symbol set, n is the number of the rest source symbols except m central points, q j Is the center point of the j-th cluster; the rest of the source symbols are associated with the center point q of each cluster j The distance is calculated once and then index is assigned to the index for the index point that gives the smallest distance to divide this signal symbol point into q index In the represented cluster;
repeating until m cluster center points are selected.
Preferably, in step S3, the mapped information sequence is transmitted through an AWGN channel and a Rayleigh channel.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
and calculating the distance between the signal symbol point input by each receiving end and the center point of all clusters of the limited constellation points, and taking the center point closest to the center point as the symbol of the received signal after demapping.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a constellation point mapping modulation device under the analog information source communication system, which comprises the following steps:
the generation unit is used for generating a random sequence and obtaining a source symbol according to the random sequence, namely a constellation point with full resolution;
the mapping unit is used for carrying out irregular constellation point mapping on the information source symbols by adopting a clustering algorithm, quantizing and mapping the constellation points with full resolution to the constellation points with limited points to obtain a mapped information sequence; specifically, the number m of cluster clusters is specified, and m points are randomly selected from the source symbol as initial cluster center points to form a center point set Q= { Q 1 ，q 2... q m -a }; calculating the distances d from all the source symbols except the center point to the center point of each cluster, and attributing each source symbol to the cluster of the center point closest to the source symbol; adding the distances from all the source symbols in each cluster to the center point to obtain a distance sum and recording; repeating the steps until the error is minimum or the sum of the distances is minimum, completing one-time clustering after gradient convergence, obtaining a hard decision result, and recording the minimum sum of the distances of each point; performing soft decision on constellation points to divide cluster clusters, comparing the cluster clusters with the hard decision result, and adjusting the division areas of the clusters to minimize errors to obtain a new cluster result; randomly selecting the center of the initial cluster again and repeating the steps until the preset repetition times are reached, comparing the recorded distance and error of each round, and taking the minimum distance and error minimum condition of each round as the final clustering condition to obtain an information sequence;
and the transmission unit is used for transmitting the information sequence through a channel.
The embodiment of the invention also provides constellation point mapping modulation equipment under the analog information source communication system, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program which can be executed by the processor to realize the constellation point mapping modulation method under the analog information source communication system.
In summary, compared with QAM modulation technology, the present embodiment focuses on the non-uniform feature of information symbol distribution in the constellation diagram, and the clustering algorithm can automatically adjust the center point and the range of the cluster according to the distribution, so that the performance of the system is very excellent, and the method is applicable to different constellation mapping orders.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a constellation point mapping modulation method in an analog source communication system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a full resolution constellation point distribution map of a random sequence;
fig. 3 is a constellation point distribution diagram of an analog source signal after 16QAM constellation point mapping;
fig. 4 is a constellation point distribution diagram of an analog source signal after irregular constellation point mapping;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the performance of an embodiment of the present invention versus a direct transmission in an analog source-to-channel;
FIG. 6 (a) is a graph comparing performance of an embodiment of the present invention with QAM modulation under AWGN channel conditions;
FIG. 6 (b) is a graph of performance versus QAM modulation under Rayleigh channel conditions for an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a constellation point mapping modulation device in an analog source communication system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples and drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a constellation point mapping modulation method in an analog source communication system, which may be implemented by a constellation point mapping modulation device (hereinafter referred to as modulation device) in the analog source communication system, and in particular, executed by one or more processors in the modulation device, to implement the following steps:
s1, generating a random sequence, and obtaining a source symbol according to the random sequence, namely a constellation point with full resolution.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the random sequence may be subject to varianceBut is not limited to, gaussian distributed random sequences of (c).
S2, carrying out irregular constellation point mapping on the information source symbol by adopting a clustering algorithm, and quantizing and mapping the constellation points with full resolution to a constellation with limited points to obtain a mapped information sequence.
In the present embodiment, in particular,
firstly, designating the number m of cluster clusters, and randomly selecting m points from information source symbols as initial cluster center points to form a center point set Q= { Q 1 ，q 2... q m }。
Then, the distances d from all source symbols except the center point to the center point of each cluster are calculated, and each source symbol is attributed to the cluster of the center point closest thereto.
Wherein the distance d takes Euclidean distance as scalar, and each source symbol belongs to the center point of the clusterExpressed as:
wherein ,for the remaining source symbol sets，x i The ith source symbol of the source symbol set is the source symbol set, n is the number of the rest source symbols except m central points, q j Is the center point of the j-th cluster; the rest of the source symbols are associated with the center point q of each cluster j The distance is calculated once and then index is assigned to the index for the index point that gives the smallest distance to divide this signal symbol point into q index In the represented cluster;
wherein the h cluster center is fromSelecting the j-th cluster center q j The probability of (2) is:
wherein ,is closest to cluster center q j Is the set of all source symbols, z h Is->The h-th element of the set is,；
repeating until m cluster center points are selected.
Then, adding the distances from all the source symbols in each cluster to the center point to obtain a distance sum and recording; repeating the steps until the error is minimum or the sum of the distances is minimum, completing one-time clustering after gradient convergence, obtaining a hard decision result, and recording the minimum sum of the distances of each point;
finally, soft decision clustering is carried out on constellation points, and the constellation points are compared with the hard decision result, and the clustering areas of the clusters are adjusted to minimize errors so as to obtain a new clustering result;
and randomly selecting the center of the initial cluster again, repeating the steps until the preset repetition times are reached, comparing the recorded distance sum of each round, and taking the minimum distance sum error condition in each round as the final clustering condition to obtain an information sequence.
The second division is realized by adopting another soft decision method because the distance passing method is not tiny, constellation points obtained by the hard decision result are compared with points obtained by the soft decision, and then local adjustment is carried out to minimize a loss function so as to obtain a new clustering result.
The soft decision method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,for weight, the error of soft and hard decision is reduced by iterative adjustment>And the cluster center point is obtained after soft decision.
And S3, transmitting the information sequence through a channel.
Wherein the mapped information sequence is transmitted through an AWGN channel with a channel model expressed as y=x+n, wherein x is a channel input symbol, n is a mean value of 0, and a variance of 0Is a gaussian noise of (c).
The channel model is expressed as Rayleigh channel transmission with y=h×x+n, where h is a fading factor.
S4, calculating the distance between the signal symbol point input by each receiving end and the center point of all clusters of the limited constellation points, and taking the center point closest to the center point as the symbol of the received signal after demapping.
In summary, compared with QAM modulation technology, the present embodiment focuses on the non-uniform feature of the distribution of the source symbols in the constellation diagram, and the clustering algorithm can automatically adjust the center point and the range of the cluster according to the distribution, so that the performance of the system is very excellent, and the system is applicable to different constellation mapping orders.
Referring to fig. 3 to fig. 6 (b), the effects of the embodiments of the present invention can be further illustrated by the following simulation results:
compared with the performance of the full-resolution constellation transmission, the performance of the embodiment of the invention, which is shown in fig. 5, is good after the transmission is performed after the constellation points are mapped to the limited constellation points, and the complexity of a communication system, the number of antennas, the design difficulty of a radio frequency chain and the transmission cost can be greatly reduced. Compared with the performance of the conventional QAM modulation scheme, as shown in fig. 6 (a) and (b), the information fidelity of the embodiment of the present invention is far beyond the regular constellation point mapping similar to QAM, no matter 16 th order, 64 th order or 256 th order. And because of the characteristic of a clustering algorithm, the clusters have great difference, and the anti-noise interference capability of the system is correspondingly improved, so that the information source can be greatly restored during demodulation, and the fidelity of the system is improved. The simulation result proves that the constellation point mapping method provided by the embodiment of the invention is effective.
Referring to fig. 7, the second embodiment of the present invention further provides a constellation point mapping modulation apparatus in an analog source communication system, which includes:
a generating unit 210, configured to generate a random sequence, and obtain a source symbol according to the random sequence, that is, a constellation point with full resolution;
the mapping unit 220 is configured to perform irregular constellation point mapping on the information source symbol by using a clustering algorithm, quantize and map constellation points with full resolution onto a constellation with limited points, and obtain a mapped information sequence; specifically, the number m of cluster clusters is specified, and m points are randomly selected from the source symbol as initial cluster center points to form a center point set Q= { Q 1 ，q 2... q m -a }; calculating the distances d from all the source symbols except the center point to the center point of each cluster, and attributing each source symbol to the cluster of the center point closest to the source symbol; adding the distances from all the source symbols in each cluster to the center point to obtain a distance sum and recording; heavy weightRepeating the steps until the error is minimum or the sum of the distances is minimum, completing one-time clustering until gradient convergence is achieved, obtaining a hard decision result, and recording the minimum sum of the distances of each point; performing soft decision on constellation points to divide cluster clusters, comparing the cluster clusters with the hard decision result, and adjusting the division areas of the clusters to minimize errors to obtain a new cluster result; randomly selecting the center of the initial cluster again and repeating the steps until the preset repetition times are reached, comparing the recorded distance and error of each round, and taking the minimum distance and error minimum condition of each round as the final clustering condition to obtain an information sequence;
a transmission unit 230, configured to transmit the information sequence through a channel.
The third embodiment of the present invention further provides a constellation point mapping modulation device under an analog source communication system, which includes a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program can be executed by the processor to implement a constellation point mapping modulation method under an analog source communication system as described above.
In the embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. The apparatus and method embodiments described above are merely illustrative, for example, flow diagrams and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
In addition, functional modules in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated together to form a single part, or each module may exist alone, or two or more modules may be integrated to form a single part.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art or in a part of the technical solution in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, comprising several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, an electronic device, a network device, or the like) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes. It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A constellation point mapping modulation method under an analog information source communication system is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, generating a random sequence, and obtaining a source symbol according to the random sequence, namely a constellation point with full resolution;
s2, carrying out irregular constellation point mapping on the information source symbol by adopting a clustering algorithm, and quantizing and mapping the constellation points with full resolution to a constellation with limited points to obtain a mapped information sequence; specifically, the number m of cluster clusters is specified, and m points are randomly selected from the source symbol as initial cluster center points to form a center point set Q= { Q 1 ，q 2... q m -a }; calculating the distances d from all the source symbols except the center point to the center point of each cluster, and attributing each source symbol to the cluster of the center point closest to the source symbol; adding the distances from all the source symbols in each cluster to the center point to obtain a distance sum and recording; repeating the steps until the error is minimum or the sum of the distances is minimum or gradient convergence is achieved, completing one-time clustering, obtaining a hard judgment result, and recording the minimum sum of the distances of each point; performing soft decision on constellation points to divide cluster clusters, comparing the cluster clusters with the hard decision result, and adjusting the division areas of the clusters to minimize errors to obtain a new cluster result; randomly selecting the center of the initial cluster again and repeating the steps until the preset repetition times are reached, comparing the recorded distance and error of each round, and taking the minimum distance and error minimum condition of each round as the final clustering condition to obtain an information sequence;
and S3, transmitting the information sequence through a channel.
2. The method for modulating constellation point mapping in an analog source communication system according to claim 1, wherein: the random sequence obeys variance asIs a gaussian distribution of (c).
3. The method for modulating constellation point mapping in an analog source communication system according to claim 1, wherein the soft decision method is:
wherein ,for weight, the error of soft and hard decision is reduced by iterative adjustment>And the cluster center point is obtained after soft decision.
4. The method for modulating constellation point mapping in an analog source communication system according to claim 1, wherein the distance d is a euclidean distance as a scalar; the formula for attributing each source symbol to the cluster of the closest center point to it is as follows:
wherein ,x is the rest of the source symbol set i The ith source symbol of the source symbol set is the source symbol set, n is the number of the rest source symbols except m central points, q j Is the center point of the j-th cluster; the rest of the source symbols are associated with the center point q of each cluster j The distance is calculated once and then index is assigned to the index for the index point that gives the smallest distance to divide this signal symbol point into q index In the represented cluster;
repeating until m cluster center points are selected.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the mapped information sequence is transmitted through an AWGN channel and a Rayleigh channel.
6. The method for constellation point map modulation in an analog source communication system of claim 1 further comprising:
and calculating the distance between the signal symbol point input by each receiving end and the center point of all clusters of the limited constellation points, and taking the center point closest to the center point as the symbol of the received signal after demapping.
7. A constellation point mapping modulation device under an analog information source communication system is characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
the generation unit is used for generating a random sequence and obtaining a source symbol according to the random sequence, namely a constellation point with full resolution;
the mapping unit is used for carrying out irregular constellation point mapping on the information source symbols by adopting a clustering algorithm, quantizing and mapping the constellation points with full resolution to the constellation points with limited points to obtain a mapped information sequence; specifically, the number m of cluster clusters is specified, and m points are randomly selected from the source symbol as initial cluster center points to form a center point set Q= { Q 1 ，q 2... q m -a }; calculating the distances d from all the source symbols except the center point to the center point of each cluster, and attributing each source symbol to the cluster of the center point closest to the source symbol; adding the distances from all the source symbols in each cluster to the center point to obtain a distance sum and recording; repeating the steps until the error is minimum or the sum of the distances is minimum, completing one-time clustering after gradient convergence, obtaining a hard decision result, and recording the minimum sum of the distances of each point; soft decision clustering is carried out on constellation points, and the cluster is compared with the hard decision result, and the clustering area is adjusted to minimize the error so as to obtain a new clusterClass results; randomly selecting the center of the initial cluster again and repeating the steps until the preset repetition times are reached, comparing the recorded distance and error of each round, and taking the minimum distance and error minimum condition of each round as the final clustering condition to obtain an information sequence;
and the transmission unit is used for transmitting the information sequence through a channel.
8. A constellation point mapping modulation apparatus in an analog source communication system, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory has stored therein a computer program executable by the processor to implement the constellation point mapping modulation method in an analog source communication system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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