CN116938273A - Radio frequency module and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a radio frequency module and electronic equipment, wherein a transmitting port and a receiving port are respectively connected with a first connecting end and a second connecting end of a spiral antenna, so that a radio frequency receiving and transmitting circuit can directly transmit electromagnetic signals to the spiral antenna by using the transmitting port and receive the electromagnetic signals coupled to the spiral antenna by using the receiving port. The whole structure of the radio frequency module is simplified, the radio frequency receiving and transmitting switch is prevented from being arranged between the radio frequency receiving and transmitting circuit and the spiral antenna, the material and manufacturing cost are reduced, and the space of a circuit board is saved. On the other hand, the transmitting port and the receiving port are connected with the spiral arm from different directions, so that the impedance of the spiral antenna and the impedance of the radio frequency receiving and transmitting circuit are kept consistent as far as possible in different directions.

Description

Radio frequency module and electronic equipment

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a radio frequency module and an electronic device.

Background

The antenna has transmit-receive reciprocity, the antenna is directly connected with the radio frequency transmit-receive switch, and the time division duplex working mode of the radio frequency device can be realized through the radio frequency transmit-receive switch. However, the rf transceiver switch may increase the overall manufacturing cost of the rf device, making the rf device more bulky. Meanwhile, the radio frequency receiving and transmitting switch also needs an external power supply to supply power, so that the energy consumption of the radio frequency device is increased. How to simplify the whole structure of the radio frequency device and reduce the manufacturing cost becomes a problem to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a radio frequency module and an electronic device, in which the first connection end and the second connection end of the spiral arm are respectively connected with the transmitting port and the receiving port of the radio frequency transceiver circuit, so that the overall structure of the radio frequency module is simplified.

According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a radio frequency module, including:

the radio frequency transceiver circuit comprises a transmitting port and a receiving port; and

the spiral antenna comprises a spiral arm, wherein the spiral arm is spirally coiled along the same spiral direction and comprises a first connecting end and a second connecting end, the first connecting end and the second connecting end are positioned at two ends of the spiral arm, the spiral arm is electrically connected with the transmitting port through the first connecting end and forms a radiation passage, and the spiral arm is electrically connected with the receiving port through the second connecting end and forms a receiving passage;

the radio frequency transceiver circuit is configured to operate in a time division duplex mode, receive electromagnetic signals through the receive path, and transmit electromagnetic signals through the radiation path.

The receive path is disconnected in response to the transmit port transmitting an electromagnetic signal and/or the radiation path is disconnected in response to the receive port receiving an electromagnetic signal.

Further, the spiral arm includes a first section and a second section in an extending direction, the first section is close to the first connection end relative to the second section, a pitch of the first section is larger than a pitch of the second section, and an end of the second section forms the second connection end.

Further, the spiral arm further includes a third section in the extending direction, the first section is disposed between the third section and the second section, a pitch of the third section is the same as that of the second section, and an end of the third section forms the first connection end.

Further, the spiral antenna is bent to one side, the axial direction of the third section and the axial direction of the second section are staggered, and the distance between the third section and the second section is larger than a preset distance.

Further, the first section is bent to one side, and the axial lead of the third section is parallel to the axial lead of the second section.

Further, the radio frequency module includes:

the medium plate is vertically arranged between the second interval and the third interval.

Further, the helical antenna further includes:

the first connecting end is electrically connected with the transmitting port through the first connecting arm, and the second connecting end is electrically connected with the receiving port through the second connecting arm;

the transmitting port and the receiving port are adjacently arranged, the first connecting end is close to the transmitting port relative to the second connecting end, and part of the second connecting arm extends along the axial lead of the spiral antenna.

Further, the distances from each region of the spiral arm in the winding direction to the axis of the spiral antenna are equal.

Further, the number of turns of the second section and the third section is configured to be greater than D/(15C) ² X S), wherein D is greater than 15dBi and less than 25dBi, c is a circumference corresponding to a center frequency point wavelength of the helical antenna, and S is a pitch corresponding to the center frequency point wavelength of the helical antenna.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including:

the radio frequency module according to the first aspect.

According to the radio frequency module and the electronic equipment, the transmitting port and the receiving port are respectively connected with the first connecting end and the second connecting end of the spiral antenna, so that the radio frequency receiving and transmitting circuit can directly transmit electromagnetic signals to the spiral antenna by using the transmitting port, and receive the electromagnetic signals coupled to the spiral antenna by using the receiving port. The whole structure of the radio frequency module is simplified, the radio frequency receiving and transmitting switch is prevented from being arranged between the radio frequency receiving and transmitting circuit and the spiral antenna, materials are reduced, manufacturing cost is lowered, and space of a circuit board is saved. On the other hand, the transmitting port and the receiving port are connected with the spiral arm from different directions, so that the impedance of the spiral antenna and the impedance of the radio frequency receiving and transmitting circuit are kept consistent as far as possible in different directions.

Drawings

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art helical antenna;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art RF transceiver switch and antenna;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a helical antenna of an embodiment of the invention in some implementations;

FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of an RF module according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a helical antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention in other implementations;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a helical antenna of an embodiment of the invention in further implementations;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the first section and the second section according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a first section, a second section and a third section according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals illustrate:

1-a spiral arm;

11-a first connection; 12-a second connection;

2-a radio frequency transceiver circuit;

21-an emission port; 22-receiving ports;

31-a first interval; 32-a second interval; 33-third interval;

41-a first connecting arm; 42-a second connecting arm;

5-dielectric plate.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described below based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to only these examples. In the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in detail. The present invention will be fully understood by those skilled in the art without the details described herein. Well-known methods, procedures, flows, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the nature of the invention.

Moreover, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the drawings are provided herein for illustrative purposes and that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the words "comprise," "comprising," and the like throughout the application are to be construed as including but not being exclusive or exhaustive; that is, it is the meaning of "including but not limited to".

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured" and the like should be construed broadly, as they may be fixed, removable, or integral, for example; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art helical antenna. In the figure, a spiral antenna feeds in guided electromagnetic waves through a first connecting arm 41, and transmits and receives electromagnetic signals by using a spiral arm 1.

Fig. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of a prior art rf transceiver switch and antenna. In the figure, the radio frequency receiving and transmitting switch is controlled by using an interface CTL, so that the time division duplex function of the spiral antenna is realized. The interface RF1 is used for connecting the guided electromagnetic wave in the radio frequency circuit into the radio frequency receiving and transmitting switch and feeding the guided electromagnetic wave to the spiral antenna through the interface RFC. The interface RF2 is used for connecting the electromagnetic signal received by the spiral antenna to the radio frequency circuit. The interface CTL of the rf transceiver switch is used to control the function switching of the rf transceiver switch, so that the helical antenna can sequentially receive and transmit electromagnetic signals.

The time division duplex (Time Division Duplexing) is a duplex mode of a communication system. The transmission of information in both uplink and downlink in time division duplex may be performed on the same carrier frequency, i.e. the transmission of information in uplink and the transmission of information in downlink are achieved by time division on the same carrier.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the helical antenna of the present embodiment. The helical antenna in the figure comprises a helical arm 1, a first connecting arm 41 and a second connecting arm 42.

Fig. 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of the rf module of the present embodiment. The radio frequency module comprises a radio frequency transceiver circuit 2 and a spiral antenna. The interface RF1 of the radio frequency transceiver circuit 2 is used for transmitting electromagnetic signals, and the interface RF2 is used for receiving electromagnetic signals. The first connecting arm 41 and the second connecting arm 42 are respectively electrically connected to the interface RF1 and the interface RF 2.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2-4, the rf module in this embodiment includes an rf transceiver circuit 2 and a helical antenna. The radio frequency transceiver circuit 2 comprises a transmit port 21 and a receive port 22. The helical antenna comprises a helical arm 1, the helical arm 1 being helically wound in the same direction of rotation and comprising a first connection end 11 and a second connection end 12. The first connection end 11 and the second connection end 12 are located at two ends of the spiral arm 1, the spiral arm 1 is electrically connected with the emission port 21 through the first connection end 11 and forms a radiation passage, and the spiral arm 1 is electrically connected with the receiving port 22 through the second connection end 12 and forms a receiving passage. Meanwhile, the radio frequency transceiving circuit 2 is configured to operate in a time division duplex manner, receiving electromagnetic signals through the reception path, and transmitting electromagnetic signals through the radiation path.

Optionally, the radio frequency transceiver circuit 2 in the present embodiment includes a switching element. The switching element includes, but is not limited to, a single pole double throw switch, an IGBT tube, a PIN diode, or the like. The on-off of the switching element is controlled by a logic control unit arranged in the radio frequency transceiver circuit 2, so that the alternate conduction between the transmitting port 21 and the receiving port 22 and the spiral antenna can be realized. For example, the fixed end of the single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected to the radio frequency transceiver chip, the first selection end of the single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected to the transmitting port 21, and the second selection end of the single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected to the receiving port 22. Therefore, the transmitting port 21 and the receiving port 22 are sequentially conducted with the radio frequency transceiver chip by utilizing the single-pole double-throw switch.

Arrow a1 shown in fig. 3 is the radiation direction of the electromagnetic signal when the helical antenna forms a radiation path with the emission port 21, and arrow a2 is the polarization direction of the electromagnetic signal. That is, the helical antenna of the present embodiment is capable of radiating a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal whose polarization direction is right-handed. Arrow a3 indicates the direction of receiving electromagnetic signals when the helical antenna forms a receiving path with the receiving port 22. Arrow a4 is the polarization direction of the received circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.

In summary, in the rf module of the present embodiment, the transmitting port 21 and the receiving port 22 are respectively connected to the first connection end 11 and the second connection end 12 of the spiral antenna, so that the rf transceiver circuit 2 can directly transmit electromagnetic signals to the spiral antenna by using the transmitting port 21, and receive electromagnetic signals coupled to the spiral antenna by using the receiving port 22. The whole structure of the radio frequency module is simplified, a radio frequency receiving and transmitting switch is prevented from being arranged between the radio frequency receiving and transmitting circuit 2 and the spiral antenna, materials and manufacturing cost are reduced, and the space of a circuit board is saved. On the other hand, the transmitting port 21 and the receiving port 22 are connected with the spiral arm 1 from different directions, so that the impedance of the spiral antenna and the radio frequency transceiver circuit 2 is kept as consistent as possible in the different directions.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3-4, the spiral arm 1 comprises a first section 31 and a second section 32 in the direction of extension. The first section 31 is close to the first connection end 11 relative to the second section 32, and the pitch of the first section 31 is greater than the pitch of the second section 32, and the end of the second section 32 forms the second connection end 12.

Fig. 5 and 6 are schematic structural views of a helical antenna in different embodiments. Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the first section 31 and the second section 32. Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the first section 31, the second section 32, and the third section 33.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the spiral arm 1 is wound 5 turns in the first section 31 in the present embodiment, and the pitch of each turn in the first section 31 is the same (distance L1). The spiral arm 1 of the second section 32 is wound 8 turns, and the pitch of each turn in the second section 32 is the same (distance L2). The length and pitch of the spiral arm 1 of the first section 31 and the second section 32 can be adjusted by a person skilled in the art, so as to realize the dual-frequency communication performance of the spiral antenna. That is, one lower frequency band is provided by the first section 31 and the second section 32 of the spiral arm 1, and the other higher frequency band is provided by only the second section 32 of the spiral arm 1.

Meanwhile, in the present embodiment, the pitch of the second section 32 is smaller than that of the first section 31, so that after the electromagnetic signal is radiated from the spiral arm 1, the directivity of the electromagnetic signal is better, and the signal gain in the specific direction is increased.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5-8, the spiral arm 1 further comprises a third section 33 in the extension direction. The first section 31 is disposed between the third section 33 and the second section 32, the pitch of the third section 33 is the same as the second section 32 and the end of the third section 33 forms the first connection end 11.

One particular connection of the first section 31, the second section 32 and the third section 33 is shown in fig. 8, where the pitch (distance L1) of the turns in the first section 31 is the same. The pitch (distance L2) of each turn in the second section 32 is the same and is identical to the pitch (distance L3) of each turn in the third section 33. In the present embodiment, one lower frequency band of the helical antenna is provided by the first section 31, the second section 32 and the third section 33 of the helical arm 1, and the other higher frequency band is provided by only the third section 33 or the second section 32 of the helical arm 1.

That is, in the present embodiment, when the helical antenna transmits electromagnetic signals in a lower frequency band, the guided electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the first connection end 11 to the first connection end 11 or from the second connection end 12 to the first connection end 11, and the electromagnetic signals are distributed substantially symmetrically in the axial direction of the helical antenna. In this embodiment, when the helical antenna transmits electromagnetic signals in a higher frequency band, the second section 32 is used for transmitting electromagnetic signals, and the third section 33 is used for receiving electromagnetic signals. Therefore, the high-frequency band guided electromagnetic waves conducted by the spiral antenna can still be symmetrically distributed.

The second section 32 and the third section 33 of the helical antenna in the present embodiment are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first section 31. Thus, when the transmitting port 21 is connected to the spiral arm 1 and when the receiving port 22 is connected to the spiral arm 1, the form of the spiral antenna in the axial direction can be kept as uniform as possible, so that the impedance of the spiral antenna when the spiral antenna is used as a radiation path and a receiving path is kept as uniform as possible, and the impedance matching characteristics of the radio frequency transceiver circuit 2 and the spiral antenna are ensured to the greatest extent.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5-6, the helical antenna is curved to one side, the axial direction of the third section 33 and the axial direction of the second section 32 are offset from each other, and the third section 33 and the second section 32 are more than a predetermined distance therebetween.

In this embodiment, the helical antenna is curved, so that the overall size is reduced. At the same time, the ability of the spiral antenna to transmit and receive electromagnetic signals in a specific direction can be improved. That is, communication performance of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals to the directions of the two ports of the helical antenna is improved. Meanwhile, the distance between the second section 32 and the third section 33 is configured, and the ports of the second section 32 and the third section 33 are prevented from being in the same axial direction. Thus, the electromagnetic signal transmitted from the second section 32 can be prevented from being directly coupled to the third section 33, and the transmission/reception performance of the helical antenna can be ensured.

Further, the radio frequency module comprises a dielectric plate 5. The dielectric sheet 5 stands between the second section 32 and the third section 33.

Specifically, the dielectric plate 5 of the present embodiment may be a printed circuit substrate. The printed circuit substrate may be selected as a low dielectric constant and low loss high frequency board, such as an epoxy (RF 4) board having a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss of 0.02, or a dielectric constant of 3.0 and a loss of 0.003. In this embodiment, an electromagnetic isolation region is formed between the second section 32 and the third section 33 by the dielectric plate 5, so that the isolation between the second section 32 and the third section 33 is improved.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6, the first section 31 is curved to one side, and the axis of the third section 33 and the axis of the second section 32 are parallel to each other. In this embodiment, the bending amplitude of the first section 31 is 90 degrees, and the second section 32 and the third section 33 extend along a straight line.

In this embodiment, the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal radiated from the second section 32 is right-handed (as indicated by arrow a5 in fig. 6) when viewed from the direction opposite to the direction in which the electromagnetic signal propagates, and the direction of the right-handed coincides with the winding direction of the second section 32. In contrast, the received electromagnetic signal in the third section 33 is also right-handed (as indicated by arrow a6 in fig. 6) when viewed from the direction opposite to the direction in which the electromagnetic signal propagates. Therefore, the spiral antenna can transmit and receive right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signals in a specific direction, and the overall performance of the spiral antenna is improved.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5-6, the helical antenna further includes a first connecting arm 41 and a second connecting arm 42. The first connecting end 11 is electrically connected to the transmitting port 21 through the first connecting arm 41, and the second connecting end 12 is electrically connected to the receiving port 22 through the second connecting arm 42. The transmitting port 21 is disposed adjacent to the receiving port 22 and the first connection end 11 is adjacent to the transmitting port 21 relative to the second connection end 12, and a portion of the second connection arm 42 extends along the axis of the helical antenna.

Specifically, in the present embodiment, the cross sections of the first connecting arm 41 and the second connecting arm 42 are both circular, and conform to the cross sectional shape of the spiral arm 1. The first connection arm 41 and the second connection arm 42 in this embodiment achieve the electrical connection between the first connection end 11 and the second connection end 12 and the rf transceiver circuit 2. Meanwhile, the second connection arm 42 is extended along the third section 33, the first section 31, and the second section 32 in this order. That is, the second connecting arm 42 has a length greater than that of the first connecting arm 41. Thus, when the second connecting arm 42 forms a receiving path with the spiral arm 1, the impedance of the receiving path can be adjusted such that the electromagnetic signal emitted towards the spiral antenna is coupled to the spiral antenna through the second section 32.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-8, the distance from each region of the spiral arm 1 in the winding direction to the axis of the spiral antenna is equal. The projection of the spiral arm 1 in the axial direction of the embodiment is circular, and when the spiral arm 1 transmits and receives electromagnetic signals, the impedance in different directions can be kept consistent.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1-8, the number of turns of the first section 31 and the third section 33 are configured to be greater than D/15C ² X S. Wherein D is greater than 15dBi and less than 25dBi, C is the circumference corresponding to the central frequency point wavelength of the spiral antenna, and S is the pitch corresponding to the central frequency point wavelength of the spiral antenna.

The parameter D in this embodiment is used to characterize the gain of the electromagnetic signal radiated by the helical antenna in a particular direction. The number of turns of the second section 32 and the third section 33 is limited not to be smaller than a predetermined value by the parameter D, the operating frequency of the helical antenna, and the pitch. Therefore, the electromagnetic signals cannot be easily dispersed to the radial direction of the second section 32 and the third section 33 in the transmission process, so that the electromagnetic signals are interfered between the second section 32 and the third section 33.

In an alternative implementation, as shown in fig. 1-8, the rf module in the foregoing embodiment may be applied to an electronic device. The electronic equipment can be a base station or a mobile phone and other equipment.

In the electronic device of the embodiment of the present invention, the transmitting port 21 and the receiving port 22 are respectively connected with the first connection end 11 and the second connection end 12 of the spiral antenna, so that the radio frequency transceiver circuit 2 can directly transmit electromagnetic signals to the spiral antenna by using the transmitting port 21, and receive electromagnetic signals coupled to the spiral antenna by using the receiving port 22. The whole structure of the radio frequency module is simplified, a radio frequency receiving and transmitting switch is prevented from being arranged between the radio frequency receiving and transmitting circuit 2 and the spiral antenna, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. On the other hand, the transmitting port 21 and the receiving port 22 are connected with the spiral arm 1 from different directions, so that the impedance of the spiral antenna and the radio frequency transceiver circuit 2 is kept as consistent as possible in the different directions.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and variations may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A radio frequency module, characterized in that the radio frequency module comprises:

a radio frequency transceiver circuit (2) comprising a transmitting port (21) and a receiving port (22); and

the spiral antenna comprises a spiral arm (1), wherein the spiral arm (1) is spirally wound along the same spiral direction and comprises a first connecting end (11) and a second connecting end (12), the first connecting end (11) and the second connecting end (12) are positioned at two ends of the spiral arm (1), the spiral arm (1) is electrically connected with the transmitting port (21) through the first connecting end (11) and forms a radiation passage, and the spiral arm (1) is electrically connected with the receiving port (22) through the second connecting end (12) and forms a receiving passage;

the radio frequency transceiver circuit is configured to operate in a time division duplex mode, receive electromagnetic signals through the receive path, and transmit electromagnetic signals through the radiation path.

2. The radio frequency module according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral arm (1) comprises a first section (31) and a second section (32) in the extension direction, the first section (31) being close to the first connection end (11) with respect to the second section (32), and the pitch of the first section (31) being larger than the pitch of the second section (32), the end of the second section (32) forming the second connection end (12).

3. The radio frequency module according to claim 2, characterized in that the spiral arm (1) further comprises a third section (33) in the extension direction, the first section (31) being arranged between the third section (33) and the second section (32), the pitch of the third section (33) being the same as the second section (32) and the end of the third section (33) forming the first connection end (11).

4. A radio frequency module according to claim 3, characterized in that the helical antenna is bent to one side, the axial direction of the third section (33) and the axial direction of the second section (32) are mutually staggered, and the distance between the third section (33) and the second section (32) is larger than a predetermined distance.

5. The radio frequency module according to claim 4, wherein the first section (31) is curved to one side and the axis of the third section (33) and the axis of the second section (32) are parallel to each other.

6. The radio frequency module of claim 5, wherein the radio frequency module comprises:

and a dielectric plate (5), wherein the dielectric plate (5) is erected between the second section (32) and the third section (33).

7. The radio frequency module of claim 1, wherein the helical antenna further comprises:

a first connecting arm (41) and a second connecting arm (42), wherein the first connecting end (11) is electrically connected with the transmitting port (21) through the first connecting arm (41), and the second connecting end (12) is electrically connected with the receiving port (22) through the second connecting arm (42);

the transmitting port (21) is arranged adjacent to the receiving port (22), the first connecting end (11) is close to the transmitting port (21) relative to the second connecting end (12), and part of the second connecting arm (42) extends along the axial line of the spiral antenna.

8. A radio frequency module according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance from each region of the spiral arm (1) in the winding direction to the axis of the spiral antenna is equal.

9. The radio frequency module according to claim 5, wherein the number of turns of the second section (32) and the third section (33) is configured to be greater than D/(15C) ² X S), wherein D is greater than 15dBi and less than 25dBi, c is a circumference corresponding to a center frequency point wavelength of the helical antenna, and S is a pitch corresponding to the center frequency point wavelength of the helical antenna.

10. An electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

the radio frequency module of any of claims 1-9.