CN116933886B - Quantum computing execution method, quantum computing execution system, electronic equipment and storage medium - Google Patents

Quantum computing execution method, quantum computing execution system, electronic equipment and storage medium Download PDF

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CN116933886B
CN116933886B CN202311170982.4A CN202311170982A CN116933886B CN 116933886 B CN116933886 B CN 116933886B CN 202311170982 A CN202311170982 A CN 202311170982A CN 116933886 B CN116933886 B CN 116933886B
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CN116933886A (en
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薛长青
刘幼航
于洪真
李彦祯
刘强
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Suzhou Inspur Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
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    • G06N10/80—Quantum programming, e.g. interfaces, languages or software-development kits for creating or handling programs capable of running on quantum computers; Platforms for simulating or accessing quantum computers, e.g. cloud-based quantum computing
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    • G06N10/00—Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
    • G06N10/20—Models of quantum computing, e.g. quantum circuits or universal quantum computers
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    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract

The specification discloses a quantum computing execution method, a system, electronic equipment and a storage medium, which can ensure that quantum computing execution is safer, computing is optimal, fault tolerance is stronger, data is safer and computing is more automatic. The method comprises the steps that a quantum computing verification blockchain network receives quantum computing tasks, sequential verification is conducted on the quantum computing tasks, and the quantum computing tasks are issued to a quantum computing consensus blockchain network after verification is passed; the quantum computing consensus block chain network selects idle quantum computer nodes for voting consensus; voting consensus passes, and the quantum computing task is issued to a quantum computing execution block chain network; if the voting consensus is not passed, continuing to select a new idle quantum computer node to re-perform the voting consensus; and the quantum computing execution block chain network receives the quantum computing task, triggers the intelligent contract to execute quantum computing, generates a quantum computing result and outputs the quantum computing result to be stored and transmitted in a uplink mode.

Description

Quantum computing execution method, quantum computing execution system, electronic equipment and storage medium
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of quantum computing technologies, and in particular, to a quantum computing execution method, a device, an electronic apparatus, and a storage medium.
Background
With the development of technology, quantum computers are becoming reality, quantum computing is continuously developed through quantum computers, and quantum computers are not single individuals and often are presented by running of a quantum computer system, and the system can comprise a quantum computing environment supporting system, a quantum computing operating system, a control system and the like. Compared with a general calculation task, the quantum computer system aims at the quantum calculation task to be solved, and the calculation difficulty and the calculation task content are more complex. When facing quantum computing tasks with significantly higher complexity, the quantum computing tasks often need to be disassembled in a manual manner in the quantum computing process, and specific execution methods are allocated and deployed. In this way, it is difficult to ensure that the calculation is performed in an optimal manner, and the degree of automation of the calculation is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a quantum computing execution method, a system, an electronic device, and a storage medium, which can make quantum computing execution safer, computing optimal, fault tolerant, data safer, and computing more automated.
In one aspect, the present embodiments provide a quantum computing execution method applied to a quantum computing execution system that is a three-level blockchain network, including a quantum computing verification blockchain network as a primary blockchain, a quantum computing consensus blockchain network as a secondary blockchain, and a quantum computing execution blockchain network as a three-level blockchain:
the quantum computing verification blockchain network receives quantum computing tasks, triggers a verification contract of the quantum computing verification blockchain network to sequentially verify the quantum computing tasks, and issues the quantum computing tasks to the quantum computing consensus blockchain network after verification is passed;
the quantum computing consensus blockchain network receives the quantum computing task and selects idle quantum computer nodes for voting consensus;
if the node voting consensus of the quantum computer passes, issuing the quantum computing task to the quantum computing execution block chain network;
the quantum computing execution block chain network receives the quantum computing task, triggers an intelligent contract of the quantum computing execution block chain network to execute quantum computing, generates a quantum computing result and outputs the quantum computing result for uplink storage and transmission;
If the voting consensus of the quantum computer nodes is not passed, the quantum computing consensus blockchain network continues to select new idle quantum computer nodes and re-voting consensus is carried out.
The embodiment of the specification also provides a quantum computing execution system which is a three-level blockchain network and comprises a quantum computing verification blockchain network serving as a first-level blockchain, a quantum computing consensus blockchain network serving as a second-level blockchain and a quantum computing execution blockchain network serving as a third-level blockchain;
the quantum computing verification blockchain network is used for receiving quantum computing tasks, triggering a verification contract of the quantum computing verification blockchain network to sequentially verify the quantum computing tasks, and issuing the quantum computing tasks to the quantum computing consensus blockchain network after verification is passed;
the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is used for receiving the quantum computing task and selecting idle quantum computer nodes for voting consensus;
the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is further used for issuing the quantum computing task to the quantum computing execution blockchain network under the condition that the voting consensus for the quantum computer nodes passes;
The quantum computing execution block chain network is used for receiving the quantum computing task, triggering an intelligent contract of the quantum computing execution block chain network to execute quantum computing, generating a quantum computing result and outputting the quantum computing result to carry out uplink storage transmission;
and under the condition that the voting consensus of the quantum computer nodes is not passed, the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is also used for continuously selecting new idle quantum computer nodes and re-carrying out the voting consensus.
The embodiments of the present specification also provide a quantum computing execution electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the quantum computing execution method according to the first aspect when executing the program.
The present specification embodiments also provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the quantum computing execution method according to the first aspect.
From the above, the quantum computing execution method, system, electronic device and storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure have the following beneficial technical effects:
The quantum computing executing system in the form of a three-level block chain network formed by a quantum computing verification block chain network, a quantum computing consensus block chain network and a quantum computing executing block chain network is constructed, the safety authentication, the decentralization distributed computation and storage of quantum computing tasks are carried out through the block chain network, the optimal bit capacity selection of a consensus mechanism, the automatic program execution of a contract mode and the uplink storage of a quantum result are carried out, so that the quantum computing execution is safer, the computation is optimal, the fault tolerance capability is stronger, the data is safer and the computation is more automatic.
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The features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a quantum computing implementation provided by one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 illustrates a method diagram for sequentially verifying quantum computing tasks in a quantum computing execution method provided in one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 illustrates a method diagram of performing quantum computing tasks by executing a smart contract in a quantum computing execution method provided by one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a method for voting consensus for quantum computing tasks in a quantum computing execution method provided by one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 illustrates a quantum computing execution data flow diagram of a quantum computing execution system of a three-level blockchain in a quantum computing execution method provided by one or more alternative embodiments of the present specification;
FIG. 6 is a control logic flow diagram illustrating an overall flow of quantum computing execution in a quantum computing execution method provided by one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of a quantum computing execution system provided by one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of a quantum computing execution electronic device provided in one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
With the development of technology, quantum computers are becoming reality, quantum computing is continuously developed through quantum computers, and quantum computers are not single individuals and often are presented by running of a quantum computer system, and the system can comprise a quantum computing environment supporting system, a quantum computing operating system, a control system and the like. Compared with a general calculation task, the quantum computer system aims at the quantum calculation task to be solved, and the calculation difficulty and the calculation task content are more complex. When facing quantum computing tasks with significantly higher complexity, the quantum computing tasks often need to be disassembled in a manual manner in the quantum computing process, and specific execution methods are allocated and deployed. In this way, it is difficult to ensure that the calculation is performed in an optimal manner, and the degree of automation of the calculation is affected.
In view of the above problems, an objective of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a quantum computing execution method, which divides quantum computing task abstraction into three stages of task verification, task decision and task execution, respectively constructs corresponding blockchain networks, and selects a suitable quantum computer system to execute quantum computing tasks by using a consensus mechanism and intelligent contract decision, so that quantum computing execution is safer, computing is optimal, fault tolerance is stronger, data is safer, and computing is more automated.
In view of the above objects, in one aspect, embodiments of the present specification provide a quantum computing implementation method.
As shown in fig. 1, one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure provide a quantum computing execution method applied to a quantum computing execution system, where the quantum computing execution system is a three-level blockchain network, and includes a quantum computing verification blockchain network as a primary blockchain, a quantum computing consensus blockchain network as a secondary blockchain, and a quantum computing execution blockchain network as a three-level blockchain. The method comprises the following steps:
s1: the quantum computing verification blockchain network receives quantum computing tasks, a verification contract of the quantum computing verification blockchain network is triggered to sequentially verify the quantum computing tasks, and the quantum computing tasks are issued to the quantum computing consensus blockchain network after verification is passed.
When the quantum computing verification blockchain network receives the quantum computing task, the type of the quantum computer can be selectively determined according to the quantum computing task, and the quantum computing task is issued to the quantum computing verification blockchain network for task verification. The quantum computing verification blockchain network is a blockchain network composed of quantum user verification nodes, authority verification nodes and data rule verification nodes, and related verification contracts are deployed in the quantum computing verification blockchain network.
The task information of the quantum computing task can comprise information such as quantum computing execution data, quantum user information, authority information, task data information, quantum bit information and the like.
Aiming at the quantum user verification node, the authority verification node and the data rule verification node, user verification intelligent contracts, authority verification intelligent contracts and data rule verification intelligent contracts are respectively deployed. And triggering the verification intelligent contract in the quantum computing verification blockchain network to sequentially verify the quantum computing task after the quantum computing task is received. User authentication, authority authentication and data rule verification can be sequentially performed on the quantum computing tasks by executing the relevant verification contracts.
As shown in fig. 2, in a quantum computing execution method provided in one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, a verification contract for triggering the quantum computing task verification blockchain network performs sequential verification on the quantum computing task, including:
s201: and the quantum computing verification blockchain network executes the user verification intelligent contract, and performs user authentication on the quantum user information in the quantum computing task so as to determine whether the user corresponding to the quantum computing task is a legal registered user.
For the quantum computing task, the quantum computing verification blockchain network may invoke the quantum user verification node to perform user authentication on the quantum user information based on the corresponding user verification intelligent contract. And judging whether the release user corresponding to the quantum computing task is a legal registered user or not through authentication.
S202: and the quantum computing verification blockchain network executes the authority authentication intelligent contract to perform authority authentication on the authority information in the quantum computing task so as to determine whether a user corresponding to the quantum computing task has authority to operate the quantum computer with corresponding bit capacity.
And aiming at the quantum computing task, the quantum computing verification blockchain network can call the authority verification node to carry out authority verification based on the authority verification intelligent contract. And judging whether the issuing user corresponding to the quantum computing task has the capability of operating the corresponding bit of the corresponding type of authority through authentication.
S203: and the quantum computing verification blockchain network executes the data rule verification intelligent contract to carry out content authentication on the task data information in the quantum computing task so as to determine whether the task data information meets the specification requirements and meets the bit capacity of the quantum computer.
For the quantum computing task, the quantum computing verification blockchain network may invoke the data rule verification node to perform content verification on the task data information based on the data rule verification intelligent contract. Through content verification, it can be determined whether the task data information meets specification requirements, and it can also be verified whether the quantum computer bit capability is exceeded.
S204: and determining whether the user authentication, the authority authentication and the content authentication pass through authentication.
S205: responsive to user authentication, rights authentication, and content authentication all authenticating, the quantum computing verification blockchain network issues the quantum computing task to the quantum computing consensus blockchain network.
And the authentication is passed, the information of each task related to the quantum computing task accords with the specification, and the task can be confirmed to have no execution risk through intelligent contract sequence verification, so that the quantum computing task can be issued to a subsequent blockchain network.
S206: and responding to the fact that at least one of the user authentication, the authority authentication and the content authentication does not pass, and terminating the execution of the quantum computing task.
One or more of the three authentications are not passed, indicating that the quantum computing task may be at risk for execution, in which case execution of the task may need to be terminated.
S2: and the quantum computing consensus blockchain network receives the quantum computing task and selects idle quantum computer nodes to perform voting consensus so as to determine whether the consensus passes.
And after the quantum computing task passes the task verification of the quantum computing task verification blockchain network, the task is issued to the quantum computing consensus blockchain network. And carrying out consensus judgment on the quantum computing task by the quantum computing consensus block chain network, and selecting and determining idle quantum computer nodes based on a consensus mechanism.
The quantum computing consensus blockchain network is composed of distributed quantum computer nodes of the same type. The quantum computer node is a generic term, and specifically, a server side in a quantum computer system can be used as the quantum computer node.
The quantum computing task verifies a blockchain network, and after the quantum computing task is received, idle quantum computer nodes can be selected and voting consensus begins.
S3: and if the voting consensus for the quantum computer node passes, issuing the quantum computing task to a quantum computing execution blockchain network.
S4: and the quantum computing execution block chain network receives the quantum computing task, triggers an intelligent contract of the quantum computing execution block chain network to execute quantum computing, generates a quantum computing result and outputs the quantum computing result to carry out uplink storage transmission.
The quantum computing execution blockchain network is composed of a plurality of quantum computer systems as a network structure. And the intelligent contracts of the quantum computing execution blockchain network comprise a quantum resource management intelligent contract, a quantum task scheduling intelligent contract, a quantum measurement and control intelligent contract, a quantum chip computing intelligent contract and a quantum result feedback intelligent contract.
The quantum computing consensus blockchain network can sequentially execute specific quantum computing tasks by executing the quantum resource management intelligent contract, the quantum task scheduling intelligent contract, the collar measurement and control intelligent contract, the quantum chip computing intelligent contract, the quantum result feedback intelligent contract and the like in the quantum computing execution blockchain network, so that a quantum computing result is generated for feedback.
As shown in fig. 3, in a quantum computing execution method provided in one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, triggering the quantum computing to execute a smart contract of a blockchain network, performing quantum computing by executing the smart contract includes:
s301: the quantum computing execution blockchain network executes the quantum resource management intelligent contract, and quantum resources are allocated for the quantum computing task.
And by executing the quantum resource management intelligent contract, intelligently scheduling each component in the quantum computer system, and reasonably distributing quantum resources aiming at the quantum computing task.
S302: executing the quantum task scheduling intelligent contract, and scheduling the quantum computing task.
After reasonably distributing the quantum resources, the quantum task scheduling intelligent contract is executed to control and schedule each component to cooperate with each other, and the quantum computing task is executed.
S303: executing the quantum measurement and control intelligent contract, and calling the related measurement and control program of the quantum computer.
And triggering and executing the quantum measurement and control intelligent contract in the quantum computing task executing process, so that a related measurement and control program in the quantum computer system can be called, and measurement and control adjustment is carried out on the whole running state of the quantum computer.
S304: executing a quantum chip computation smart contract to control the quantum computer node to perform quantum computation.
In a quantum computer system, a quantum chip serves as an operation core of a quantum computer. And controlling the quantum chip in the quantum computer system to execute core computing tasks by executing the quantum chip computing intelligent contract.
S305: executing the quantum result feedback intelligent contract, and feeding back the calculation result generated by quantum calculation in a uplink storage way.
After the quantum computer system executes the quantum computing task and generates the corresponding computing result, the quantum result feedback intelligent contract is executed, and the computing result generated by the quantum computing is stored and fed back in an upper-joint way.
S5: if the voting consensus of the quantum computer nodes is not passed, the quantum computing consensus blockchain network continues to select new idle quantum computer nodes and re-voting consensus is carried out.
As shown in fig. 4, in a quantum computing execution method provided in one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum computing consensus blockchain network receives the quantum computing task and selects an idle quantum computer node for voting consensus, including:
S401: the quantum computing consensus blockchain network receives the quantum computing tasks published by the quantum computing task verification blockchain network.
S402: and the quantum computing consensus blockchain network selects the earliest idle quantum computing node to be distributed to the quantum computing task according to the idle time, and starts voting consensus.
S403: and voting consensus is carried out on other nodes in the quantum computing consensus blockchain network aiming at the currently selected idle quantum computer nodes so as to determine whether the bit capacity of the currently selected idle quantum computer nodes meets the requirements of the quantum computing task.
It is understood that different quantum computer nodes have different bit capabilities. For the quantum computing task, performing the task requires choosing a quantum computer system with corresponding bit capabilities. The quantum computer nodes can be divided into 2-bit quantum computers, 6-bit quantum computers and 32-bit quantum computers according to bit capacity.
S404: in response to a voting consensus passing, the quantum computing consensus blockchain network publishes the quantum computing task to the quantum computing execution blockchain network.
If the currently selected idle quantum computer node consensus votes pass, the current selected quantum computer node is indicated to be capable of meeting the requirements of quantum computing tasks, and a corresponding quantum computing execution blockchain network can be entered for the quantum computer node to start to specifically execute the quantum computing tasks.
S405: and in response to the voting consensus not passing, the quantum computing consensus blockchain network selects a next idle quantum computing node according to idle time to perform voting consensus.
If the currently selected idle quantum computer node consensus vote is not passed, the bit capacity of the currently selected quantum computer node is indicated to be incapable of meeting the requirements of quantum computing tasks. And re-selecting nodes in the quantum computing formula block chain network, and continuing to execute consensus judgment until the selected idle quantum computer nodes pass voting consensus. After the voting consensus passes, the quantum computing task can be issued to the quantum computing execution blockchain network to execute quantum computing.
According to the quantum computing executing method, quantum computing task abstraction is divided into three stages of task verification, task decision and task execution, a quantum computing executing system of a three-level blockchain is built by a quantum verification blockchain network, a quantum computer consensus blockchain network and a quantum computing executing blockchain network according to the three stages, the quantum computing executing system is utilized to process the quantum computing task, firstly, safety verification is carried out on the quantum computing task, and after verification is passed, a consensus mechanism and an intelligent contract decision are utilized to select a proper quantum computer system to execute the quantum computing task, so that quantum computing execution is safer, computing is optimal, fault tolerance is stronger, data is safer, and computing is more automatic.
As shown in fig. 5, a data flow diagram is shown for quantum computing execution of a three-level blockchain based quantum computing execution system. In the quantum computing execution method provided in some alternative embodiments, the quantum computing task may be issued first by a quantum computing task node, and enter the quantum computing verification blockchain network. In the quantum computing verification blockchain network, user verification intelligent contracts, authority authentication intelligent contracts and data rule verification intelligent contracts are deployed. The quantum computing verification blockchain network can sequentially verify the quantum computing tasks by sequentially calling a quantum user verification node, a permission verification node and a data rule verification node, wherein the quantum computing verification blockchain network corresponds to a user verification intelligent contract, a permission verification intelligent contract and a data rule verification intelligent contract.
After the quantum computing verification blockchain network verifies the quantum computing task, the quantum computing task is issued to a quantum computing consensus blockchain network. The quantum computing consensus blockchain network is comprised of a plurality of quantum computer nodes.
And selecting idle quantum computer nodes for the quantum computing task by the quantum computing consensus blockchain network, and carrying out voting consensus. If the voting consensus is not passed, continuing to select idle quantum computer nodes, and continuing to perform the voting consensus. And if the consensus passes, the quantum computing task is issued to the sub-computing execution blockchain network.
The quantum computing execution block chain network is provided with a quantum task resource management intelligent contract, a quantum task scheduling intelligent contract, a quantum measurement and control intelligent contract, a quantum chip execution intelligent contract and a quantum result intelligent contract. After the quantum computing task is received, specific quantum computing operation is executed aiming at the quantum computing task by calling a quantum task resource management intelligent contract, a quantum task scheduling intelligent contract, a quantum measurement and control intelligent contract, a quantum chip execution intelligent contract and a quantum result intelligent contract, so that quantum computing can be automatically, efficiently and safely executed, a result is output, and uplink storage and transmission are carried out.
The overall flow of execution corresponds to the quantum computation described above, and the corresponding execution control logic flow diagram is shown in fig. 6.
In one or more alternative embodiments provided herein, a quantum computing execution blockchain network is divided into a superconducting quantum computer blockchain network and an ion well quantum computer blockchain network by quantum computer type. The superconducting quantum computer blockchain network includes a plurality of superconducting quantum computer systems, and the ion trap quantum computer blockchain network includes a plurality of ion trap quantum computer systems.
The superconducting quantum computer system comprises a quantum chip system, a quantum computer measurement and control system, a quantum computing environment supporting system and a quantum computer operating system.
The quantum chip system is a superconducting quantum chip-based system, is an operation core of a quantum computer, and performs quantum computation by the superconducting quantum chip-based system.
The quantum computing measurement and control system is a control system of a quantum computer and is used for controlling the operation of a quantum chip.
The quantum computing environment supporting system comprises an ultralow temperature refrigerating system and a quantum computer host active vibration damping system and is used for providing working environment guarantee for stable operation of a quantum computer.
The quantum computer operating system is a fundamental framework of a quantum computing software system provided by a quantum computer, and has the functions of multiple quantum computing, quantum chip automatic calibration and quantum resource efficient management.
The ion trap quantum computer system comprises a quantum computing environment supporting system, a quantum computing measurement and control system, a quantum computing software system and a quantum chip system.
The quantum computing measurement and control system is a control system of a quantum computer and is used for controlling the operation of a quantum chip and reading a quantum computing result.
The quantum computing environment supporting system comprises an ion pump system, a magnetic field control system, a temperature and pressure control system and a vacuum system and is used for providing a stable running environment for the work of a quantum computer.
The quantum computing software system is a fundamental framework of a quantum computing software system provided by a quantum computer and has the functions of quantum programming, multi-quantum computing and quantum resource management.
In one or more alternative embodiments of the present description provide a quantum computing implementation method,
the superconducting quantum computer system and a server side of a quantum computing software system in the ion trap quantum computer system can be used as the quantum computer nodes.
Taking the superconducting quantum computer system as an example, wherein a server side is used as the quantum computer node. The quantum computing executive tasks may include:
step (1): the publishing node publishes the quantum computing task information to the quantum computing task verification blockchain network.
Step (2): in the quantum computing task verification blockchain network, a verification node verifies a quantum computing task, and related information is issued to a quantum computing consensus blockchain network according to a quantum computer type selected by the quantum computing task;
The quantum computer type selected by the quantum computing task is a superconducting quantum computer type.
Step (3): the quantum computing consensus block chain network formed by superconducting quantum computer nodes receives quantum computing task related information.
Step (4): and selecting idle distributed quantum computer nodes to perform voting consensus.
Step (5): if the consensus is not passed, the next idle quantum computer node is continuously selected for consensus selection.
Step (6): the consensus passes through and enters a superconducting quantum computer to execute a blockchain network.
Step (7): the quantum computing of superconducting quantum computer type executes a blockchain network, executes related intelligent contracts, and realizes the automatic operation of quantum computing.
Step (8): and (5) carrying out uplink storage on the quantum computing execution result.
A quantum computer executing method based on a block chain provides a quantum verification block chain network, a quantum computer consensus block chain network and a quantum computing executing block chain network, wherein the block chain network is used for carrying out security authentication, decentralized distributed computation and storage of quantum computing tasks, optimal bit capacity selection of a consensus mechanism, automatic program execution in a contract mode and uplink storage of quantum results, so that the quantum computing is safer, optimal in computation, stronger in fault tolerance capability, safer in data and more automatic in computation.
It should be noted that the methods of one or more embodiments of the present description may be performed by a single device, such as a computer or server. The method of the embodiment can also be applied to a distributed scene, and is completed by mutually matching a plurality of devices. In the case of such a distributed scenario, one of the devices may perform only one or more steps of the methods of one or more embodiments of the present description, the devices interacting with each other to accomplish the methods.
It should be noted that the foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims can be performed in a different order than in the embodiments and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiments of the present specification also provide a quantum computing execution system corresponding to the method of any embodiment described above.
Referring to fig. 7, the quantum computing execution system is a three-level blockchain network including a quantum computing verification blockchain network as a primary blockchain, a quantum computing consensus blockchain network as a secondary blockchain, and a quantum computing execution blockchain network as a three-level blockchain;
the quantum computing task verification blockchain network is used for receiving quantum computing tasks, triggering a verification contract of the quantum computing task verification blockchain network to sequentially verify the quantum computing tasks, and issuing the quantum computing tasks to the quantum computing consensus blockchain network after verification is passed;
the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is used for receiving the quantum computing task and selecting idle quantum computer nodes for voting consensus;
the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is further used for issuing the quantum computing task to a quantum computing execution blockchain network under the condition that the quantum computing node voting consensus passes;
the quantum computing execution block chain network is used for receiving the quantum computing task, triggering the intelligent contract of the quantum computing execution block chain network to execute quantum computing, generating a quantum computing result and outputting the quantum computing result to carry out uplink storage transmission.
And under the condition that the voting consensus of the quantum computer nodes is not passed, the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is also used for continuously selecting new idle quantum computer nodes and re-carrying out the voting consensus.
In one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum computing task verification blockchain network is a blockchain network composed of quantum user verification nodes, authority verification nodes, and data rule verification nodes;
the validation contracts in the quantum computing validation blockchain network include user validation smart contracts, rights authentication smart contracts, and data rule validation smart contracts.
In a quantum computing execution system provided by one or more alternative embodiments of the present description, the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is comprised of distributed quantum computer nodes of the same type; and in the quantum computing consensus blockchain network, a server side in a corresponding software system of the distributed quantum computer is used as the quantum computer node.
In one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, a quantum computing execution system is provided, where the quantum computing execution block network is composed of a plurality of quantum computer systems; in the quantum computer execution blockchain network, a system forming the quantum computer is used as a node forming the quantum computer execution blockchain, and corresponding intelligent contracts are deployed.
In one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, a quantum computing execution system is provided, where the smart contracts deployed in the quantum computing execution blockchain network include a quantum resource management smart contract, a quantum task scheduling smart contract, a quantum measurement and control smart contract, a quantum chip execution smart contract, and a quantum result smart contract.
In one or more alternative embodiments provided herein, a quantum computing execution system is provided in which the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is divided into an excess quantum computer blockchain and an ion well quantum computer blockchain network by quantum computer type.
In a quantum computing execution system provided by one or more alternative embodiments of the present description, in the quantum computing consensus blockchain network, the same type of distributed quantum computer is divided into 2-bit, 6-bit and 32-bit multi-bit quantum computers according to bit capabilities.
In one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, the task information of the quantum computing task includes quantum computing execution data, quantum user information, authority information, task data information, and quantum bit information.
In one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, a quantum computing execution system is provided, where the quantum computing task verifies a blockchain network, and is further configured to sequentially perform user authentication, authority authentication, and data authentication on the quantum computing task by executing the verification contract.
In one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum computing task verification blockchain network is further configured to perform user authentication on quantum user information in the quantum computing task by using a user authentication smart contract, so as to determine whether a user corresponding to the quantum computing task is a legal registered user; executing an authority intelligent contract to perform authority authentication on authority information in the quantum computing task so as to determine whether a user corresponding to the quantum computing task has authority operation on a quantum computer with corresponding bit capacity; executing a data authentication intelligent contract to perform content authentication on task data information in the quantum computing task so as to determine whether the task data information meets the specification requirements and meets the bit capacity of the quantum computer; when the user authentication, the authority authentication and the content authentication pass, the quantum computing task is issued to the quantum computing consensus blockchain network; and when at least one of the user authentication, the authority authentication and the content authentication fails, terminating the execution of the quantum computing task.
In one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, a quantum computing execution system is provided, where the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is further configured to select, according to an idle time, an earliest idle quantum computing node to be allocated to the quantum computing task, and start voting consensus; voting consensus is carried out on the currently selected idle quantum computer nodes by other nodes in the quantum computing consensus blockchain network so as to determine whether the bit capacity of the currently selected idle quantum computer nodes meets the requirements of the quantum computing task; when voting consensus passes, issuing the quantum computing task to the quantum computing execution block chain network; and when the voting consensus is not passed, selecting the next idle quantum computing node according to the idle time to perform the voting consensus.
In one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, the smart contracts of the quantum computing execution blockchain network include a quantum resource management smart contract, a quantum task scheduling smart contract, a quantum measurement and control smart contract, a quantum chip computing smart contract, and a quantum result feedback smart contract.
In a quantum computing execution system provided in one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum computing execution blockchain network is further configured to execute the quantum resource management smart contract, allocate a quantum resource for the quantum computing task; executing the quantum task scheduling intelligent contract to schedule the quantum computing task; executing a quantum measurement and control intelligent contract, and calling a relevant measurement and control program of a quantum computer; executing a quantum chip computation intelligent contract to control the quantum computer node to execute quantum computation; executing the quantum result feedback intelligent contract, and feeding back the calculation result generated by quantum calculation in a uplink storage way.
In one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, a quantum computing execution system is provided, where the quantum computing task verifies a blockchain network and is further configured to determine a quantum computer class corresponding to the quantum computing task; and the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is also used for issuing the quantum computing task into a quantum computer blockchain network of a corresponding quantum computer type to execute quantum computing after consensus is passed.
In one or more alternative embodiments provided herein, a quantum computing execution system, the superconducting quantum computer system includes a quantum chip system, a quantum computer measurement and control system, a quantum computing environment support system, a quantum computer operating system; the quantum chip system is a superconducting quantum chip-based system, is an operation core of a quantum computer, and performs quantum computation by the superconducting quantum chip-based system; the quantum computing measurement and control system is a control system of a quantum computer and is used for controlling the operation of a quantum chip; the quantum computing environment supporting system comprises an ultralow temperature refrigerating system and a quantum computer host active vibration damping system, and is used for providing a working environment guarantee for the stable operation of a quantum computer; the quantum computer operating system is a fundamental framework of a quantum computing software system provided by a quantum computer, and has the functions of multiple quantum computing, quantum chip automatic calibration and quantum resource efficient management.
In one or more alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, a quantum computing execution system is provided, where the ion trap quantum computer system includes a quantum computing environment support system, a quantum computing measurement and control system, a quantum computing software system, a quantum chip system; the quantum computing measurement and control system is a control system of a quantum computer and is used for controlling the operation of a quantum chip and reading a quantum computing result; the quantum computing environment supporting system comprises an ion pump system, a magnetic field control system, a temperature and pressure control system and a vacuum system and is used for providing a stable running environment for the work of a quantum computer; the quantum computing software system is a fundamental framework of a quantum computing software system provided by a quantum computer and has the functions of quantum programming, multi-quantum computing and quantum resource management.
For convenience of description, the above system is described as being functionally divided into various modules, respectively. Of course, the functions of each module may be implemented in one or more pieces of software and/or hardware when implementing one or more embodiments of the present description.
The device of the foregoing embodiment is configured to implement the corresponding method in the foregoing embodiment, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiment, which is not described herein.
Fig. 8 shows a more specific hardware architecture of an electronic device according to this embodiment, where the device may include: a processor 1010, a memory 1020, an input/output interface 1030, a communication interface 1040, and a bus 1050. Wherein processor 1010, memory 1020, input/output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040 implement communication connections therebetween within the device via a bus 1050.
The processor 1010 may be implemented by a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit ), microprocessor, application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, etc. for executing relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
The Memory 1020 may be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory ), static storage device, dynamic storage device, or the like. Memory 1020 may store an operating system and other application programs, and when the embodiments of the present specification are implemented in software or firmware, the associated program code is stored in memory 1020 and executed by processor 1010.
The input/output interface 1030 is used to connect with an input/output module for inputting and outputting information. The input/output module may be configured as a component in a device (not shown) or may be external to the device to provide corresponding functionality. Wherein the input devices may include a keyboard, mouse, touch screen, microphone, various types of sensors, etc., and the output devices may include a display, speaker, vibrator, indicator lights, etc.
Communication interface 1040 is used to connect communication modules (not shown) to enable communication interactions of the present device with other devices. The communication module may implement communication through a wired manner (such as USB, network cable, etc.), or may implement communication through a wireless manner (such as mobile network, WIFI, bluetooth, etc.).
Bus 1050 includes a path for transferring information between components of the device (e.g., processor 1010, memory 1020, input/output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040).
It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows processor 1010, memory 1020, input/output interface 1030, communication interface 1040, and bus 1050, in an implementation, the device may include other components necessary to achieve proper operation. Furthermore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above-described apparatus may include only the components necessary to implement the embodiments of the present description, and not all the components shown in the drawings.
The electronic device of the foregoing embodiment is configured to implement the corresponding method in the foregoing embodiment, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiment, which is not described herein.
Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above embodiments, the present disclosure further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing the computer to perform the quantum computing execution method as described in any of the above embodiments.
The computer readable media of the present embodiments, including both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, may be used to implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of storage media for a computer include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), read Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium, which can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device.
The computer instructions stored in the storage medium of the foregoing embodiments are used to make the computer execute the quantum computing execution method described in any one of the foregoing embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which are not described herein.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that implementing all or part of the above-described embodiment method may be implemented by a computer program to instruct related hardware, where the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program may include the above-described embodiment method when executed. Wherein the storage medium may be a magnetic Disk, an optical Disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a Flash Memory (Flash Memory), a Hard Disk (HDD), or a Solid State Drive (SSD); the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
The system, apparatus, module or unit set forth in the above embodiments may be implemented in particular by a computer chip or entity, or by a product having a certain function. One typical implementation is a computer. In particular, the computer may be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular telephone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being functionally divided into various units, respectively. Of course, the functions of each element may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware elements when implemented in the present application.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present description may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present specification may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present description can take the form of a computer program product on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises the element.
The application may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The application may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments. In particular, for system embodiments, since they are substantially similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, as relevant to see a section of the description of method embodiments.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the discussion of any of the embodiments above is merely exemplary and is not intended to suggest that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; combinations of features of the above embodiments or in different embodiments are also possible within the spirit of the present disclosure, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of one or more embodiments described above which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
While the present disclosure has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many alternatives, modifications, and variations of those embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may use the embodiments discussed.
The present disclosure is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Any omissions, modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like, which are within the spirit and principles of the one or more embodiments of the disclosure, are therefore intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.

Claims (17)

1. The quantum computing executing method is characterized by being applied to a quantum computing executing system, wherein the quantum computing executing system is a three-level blockchain network and comprises a quantum computing verification blockchain network serving as a primary blockchain, a quantum computing consensus blockchain network serving as a secondary blockchain and a quantum computing executing blockchain network serving as a three-level blockchain; the method comprises the following steps:
the quantum computing verification blockchain network receives quantum computing tasks, triggers a verification contract of the quantum computing verification blockchain network to sequentially verify the quantum computing tasks, and issues the quantum computing tasks to the quantum computing consensus blockchain network after verification is passed;
The quantum computing consensus blockchain network receives the quantum computing task and selects idle quantum computer nodes for voting consensus;
if the node voting consensus of the quantum computer passes, issuing the quantum computing task to the quantum computing execution block chain network;
the quantum computing execution block chain network receives the quantum computing task, triggers an intelligent contract of the quantum computing execution block chain network to execute quantum computing, generates a quantum computing result and outputs the quantum computing result for uplink storage and transmission;
if the voting consensus of the quantum computer nodes is not passed, the quantum computing consensus blockchain network continues to select new idle quantum computer nodes and re-voting consensus is carried out;
wherein the quantum computing execution block network consists of a plurality of quantum computer systems;
in the quantum computer execution block chain network, taking a system forming the quantum computer as a node forming the quantum computer execution block chain network, and deploying corresponding intelligent contracts;
the intelligent contracts deployed in the quantum computing execution blockchain network comprise a quantum resource management intelligent contract, a quantum task scheduling intelligent contract, a quantum measurement and control intelligent contract, a quantum chip execution intelligent contract and a quantum result intelligent contract.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the quantum computing validation blockchain network is a blockchain network consisting of quantum user validation nodes, entitlement validation nodes, data rule validation nodes;
the verification contracts in the quantum computing verification blockchain network comprise user verification intelligent contracts, authority authentication intelligent contracts and data rule verification intelligent contracts;
triggering a validation contract of the quantum computing validation blockchain network to sequentially validate the quantum computing tasks, including:
and the quantum computing verification blockchain network sequentially performs user authentication, authority authentication and data rule verification on the quantum computing task by executing the user verification intelligent contract, the authority authentication intelligent contract and the data rule verification intelligent contract.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is comprised of distributed quantum computer nodes of the same type;
and in the quantum computing consensus blockchain network, a server side in a corresponding software system of the distributed quantum computer is used as the quantum computer node.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is partitioned into an excess quantum computer blockchain and an ion well quantum computer blockchain network by quantum computer type.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein in the quantum computing consensus blockchain network, the same type of distributed quantum computer is divided into 2-bit, 6-bit and 32-bit multi-bit quantum computers by bit capability.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the task information of the quantum computing task comprises quantum computing execution data, quantum user information, rights information, task data information, and qubit information.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the quantum computing verification blockchain network performs user authentication, entitlement authentication, and data rule verification on the quantum computing task sequentially by executing the user authentication smart contract, the entitlement authentication smart contract, and the data rule verification smart contract, comprising:
the quantum computing verification blockchain network executes the user verification intelligent contract, and performs user authentication on the quantum user information in the quantum computing task to determine whether a user corresponding to the quantum computing task is a legal registered user;
The quantum computing verification blockchain network executes the authority authentication intelligent contract, and performs authority authentication on the authority information in the quantum computing task so as to determine whether a user corresponding to the quantum computing task has authority to operate a quantum computer with corresponding bit capacity;
the quantum computing verification blockchain network executes the data rule verification intelligent contract, and performs content authentication on the task data information in the quantum computing task to determine whether the task data information meets the specification requirements and meets the bit capacity of the quantum computer;
responding to the authentication of user authentication, authority authentication and content authentication, and issuing the quantum computing task to the quantum computing consensus blockchain network by the quantum computing verification blockchain network;
and responding to the fact that at least one of the user authentication, the authority authentication and the content authentication does not pass, and terminating the execution of the quantum computing task.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the quantum computing consensus blockchain network receives the quantum computing task and selects an idle quantum computer node for voting consensus, comprising:
The quantum computing consensus blockchain network receives the quantum computing tasks issued by the quantum computing verification blockchain network;
the quantum computing consensus blockchain network selects the earliest idle quantum computing node to be distributed to the quantum computing task according to idle time, and voting consensus is started;
voting consensus is carried out on the currently selected idle quantum computer nodes by other nodes in the quantum computing consensus blockchain network so as to determine whether the bit capacity of the currently selected idle quantum computer nodes meets the requirements of the quantum computing task;
responsive to a voting consensus passing, the quantum computing consensus blockchain network publishing the quantum computing task to the quantum computing execution blockchain network;
and in response to the voting consensus not passing, the quantum computing consensus blockchain network selects a next idle quantum computing node according to idle time to perform voting consensus.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein triggering the quantum computation to execute a smart contract of a blockchain network, executing quantum computation by executing the smart contract, comprises:
the quantum computing execution blockchain network executes the quantum resource management intelligent contract and allocates quantum resources for the quantum computing task;
The quantum computing execution block chain network executes the quantum task scheduling intelligent contract to schedule the quantum computing task;
the quantum computing execution block chain network executes the quantum measurement and control intelligent contract and invokes a relevant measurement and control program of the quantum computer;
the quantum computing execution blockchain network executes the quantum chip to execute an intelligent contract so as to control the quantum computer node to execute quantum computing;
and the quantum computation execution block chain network executes the quantum result feedback intelligent contract, and uplink storage feedback is carried out on a computation result generated by quantum computation.
10. The method of claim 4, further comprising, after receiving the quantum computing task:
determining the type of the quantum computer corresponding to the quantum computing task;
after the quantum computing task is commonly passed through the quantum computing common blockchain network, entering a quantum computer blockchain network corresponding to the quantum computer type to execute quantum computing.
11. The quantum computing execution system is characterized by being a three-level blockchain network and comprising a quantum computing verification blockchain network serving as a primary blockchain, a quantum computing consensus blockchain network serving as a secondary blockchain and a quantum computing execution blockchain network serving as a three-level blockchain;
The quantum computing verification blockchain network is used for receiving quantum computing tasks, triggering a verification contract of the quantum computing verification blockchain network to sequentially verify the quantum computing tasks, and issuing the quantum computing tasks to the quantum computing consensus blockchain network after verification is passed;
the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is used for receiving the quantum computing task and selecting idle quantum computer nodes for voting consensus;
the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is further used for issuing the quantum computing task to the quantum computing execution blockchain network under the condition that the voting consensus for the quantum computer nodes passes;
the quantum computing execution block chain network is used for receiving the quantum computing task, triggering an intelligent contract of the quantum computing execution block chain network to execute quantum computing, generating a quantum computing result and outputting the quantum computing result to carry out uplink storage transmission;
when the voting consensus for the quantum computer node is not passed, the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is further used for continuously selecting a new idle quantum computer node and re-voting consensus;
The quantum computing execution block network consists of a plurality of quantum computer systems;
in the quantum computer execution block chain network, taking a system forming the quantum computer as a node forming the quantum computer execution block chain network, and deploying corresponding intelligent contracts;
the intelligent contracts comprise quantum resource management intelligent contracts, quantum task scheduling intelligent contracts, quantum measurement and control intelligent contracts, quantum chip execution intelligent contracts and quantum result intelligent contracts.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is comprised of distributed quantum computer nodes of the same type;
and in the quantum computing consensus blockchain network, a server side in a corresponding software system of the distributed quantum computer is used as the quantum computer node.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the quantum computing consensus blockchain network is partitioned by quantum computer type into a superconducting quantum computer blockchain and an ion trap quantum computer blockchain network;
the superconducting quantum computer block chain network is composed of a plurality of superconducting quantum computer systems serving as block chain link points;
The ion trap quantum computer block chain network is composed of a plurality of ion trap quantum computer systems serving as block chain link points.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the superconducting quantum computer system comprises a quantum chip system, a quantum computer measurement and control system, a quantum computing environment support system, a quantum computer operating system;
the quantum chip system is a superconducting quantum chip-based system, is an operation core of a quantum computer, and performs quantum computation by the superconducting quantum chip-based system;
the quantum computing measurement and control system is a control system of a quantum computer and is used for controlling the operation of a quantum chip;
the quantum computing environment supporting system comprises an ultralow temperature refrigerating system and a quantum computer host active vibration damping system, and is used for providing a working environment guarantee for the stable operation of a quantum computer;
the quantum computer operating system is a fundamental framework of a quantum computing software system provided by a quantum computer, and has the functions of multiple quantum computing, quantum chip automatic calibration and quantum resource efficient management.
15. The system of claim 13, wherein the ion trap quantum computer system comprises a quantum computing environment support system, a quantum computing measurement and control system, a quantum computing software system, a quantum chip system;
The quantum computing measurement and control system is a control system of a quantum computer and is used for controlling the operation of a quantum chip and reading a quantum computing result;
the quantum computing environment supporting system comprises an ion pump system, a magnetic field control system, a temperature and pressure control system and a vacuum system and is used for providing a stable running environment for the work of a quantum computer;
the quantum computing software system is a fundamental framework of a quantum computing software system provided by a quantum computer and has the functions of quantum programming, multi-quantum computing and quantum resource management.
16. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 when the program is executed by the processor.
17. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10.
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