CN116933433A - Ship propeller cavitation noise suppression method based on distributed perforated group - Google Patents
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- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ship propeller cavitation noise suppression method based on a distributed perforated group, wherein the distributed perforated group is arranged on a propeller blade tip and a leading edge area, and the perforation direction is vertical to the surface of a propeller blade; initial tapping principle: taking a propeller with the diameter of 3m as a reference, wherein the initial aperture is 6-12 mm, the initial aperture distance is 4 times the aperture, the initial aperture number is two rows of 32 holes or three rows of 50 holes, and the initial aperture range is a severe cavitation generation area at the blade tip and the guide edge of the blade; the propellers of different sizes are scaled in proportion to the reference; and (3) hole opening optimization: and carrying out propeller cavitation numerical simulation, and optimizing parameters of the open pore group by taking the variable quantity of cavitation volume of the blade and the loss quantity of propulsion efficiency as evaluation standards to obtain an optimized open pore group arrangement scheme. According to the invention, an open pore group is arranged in a serious blade cavitation zone of the blade, and an optimized open pore arrangement scheme is selected according to the cavitation volume variation and the propulsion efficiency loss of the blade surface blade so as to delay or inhibit blade cavitation at the blade.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-noise propeller design, in particular to a method for inhibiting flaky cavitation of a large-sized water surface ship propeller.
Background
The core idea in the ship vibration damping and noise reduction technology is to control the ship sound field by systematically applying various technologies. At present, propeller cavitation noise is a main noise source which affects the development of ships in the direction of large size, high navigational speed and quieter. For middle and high speed ships, when high speed turbulence passes the surface of the propeller, the local pressure reduction can cause cavitation phenomenon, so that irregular vibration of the propeller is aggravated, and radiation noise is remarkably increased.
For a ship rear propeller, under a certain condition, when the ship reaches a critical rotation speed, a remarkable cavitation phenomenon is generated on the propeller, so that the noise of the ship is increased sharply (more than 10 dB), and the distance detected by sonar is increased by 30-50%; meanwhile, cavitation can increase the self-noise level of the ship and interfere with the normal operation of self-detection equipment. Cavitation bubbles of a propeller can be classified into the following categories according to the cause, shape and position thereof: ball cavitation, sheet cavitation, tip vortex cavitation, and hub vortex cavitation, cloud cavitation. Wherein, the lamellar cavitation bubbles are generally attached to the propeller blade to form a vaporization film, the whole cavitation bubbles are concave along the leading edge, and when the cavitation bubbles extend beyond the trailing edge, the whole She Qiemian is fully covered in the cavitation bubbles to form 'full cavitation' flow, which can cause the performance of the propeller to be deteriorated. The patent mainly aims at the propeller sheet cavitation and noise caused by the propeller sheet cavitation.
At present, countermeasures of cavitation noise of a propeller mainly comprise the following: (1) Optimizing the number of propellers, the blade section shape and the geometric dimension to delay the generation of cavitation bubbles; (2) The arrangement form and stern line type of the propeller are optimized to improve the wake field of the propeller, or accessories such as guide fins and fairings are added, and pump spraying or special blade shapes (large-side oblique blade shapes) and the like are adopted to reduce the influence of the uneven wake field on the propeller; (3) The jet shielding technology is adopted, namely, jet is carried out on the leading edge of the propeller, and the jet directly acts on the main sound source part to realize noise reduction; (4) The machining precision of the propeller is improved, and uneven flow caused by asymmetrical machining of the propeller is avoided. However, the above method has drawbacks such as failure at medium and high speeds, high processing complexity, and the like.
Related patents have been proposed for passive noise reduction methods for blade structures. Chinese patent CN201821175404.4, a blade leading edge hole opening device for reducing the effect of pitch vortex, proposes a measure of opening equal diameter, equidistant, inclined and connected circular holes at the blade leading edge, which plays a role in reducing the mutual interference between the helicopter blade and the tip vortex, and can effectively improve the service life of the helicopter rotor and reduce the noise level. Chinese patent CN201710059429.1 discloses a rotor noise suppression method based on a sweepback tip opening, and provides a measure of separating a plurality of equal-diameter, equidistant and communicated round holes between the front edge of a blade of the sweepback tip of a helicopter rotor and the tip, so that the effects of reducing the tip vortex strength and suppressing rotor-vortex interference noise are achieved. Chinese patent CN202211512464.1, a perforated rudder for inhibiting vortex-induced vibration and a design method thereof, provides a method for arranging multiple rows of holes on the tail edge of a rudder wing along the flow direction and the expanding direction, reduces the falling strength of wake vortexes, improves the vortex-shedding frequency and reduces the low-frequency noise of the rudder. The method has the advantages that effective noise reduction effects are generated for different rudder and wing structures, but cavitation characteristics of ship propellers with complex variable curved surfaces are relatively complex, cavitation noise generation areas of different types of propellers are not fixed, and the cavitation noise suppression requirements of different types of propellers are difficult to meet by adopting a specific uniform arrangement scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the sheet cavitation of the blade tips and the leading edge areas of the propellers at high navigational speed and the stern cavitation noise caused by the sheet cavitation, taking the convenience degree of a processing technology into consideration, taking the aperture noise reduction and anti-cavitation measures as the basis, the invention provides a ship propeller cavitation noise suppression method based on a distributed aperture group.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a ship propeller cavitation noise suppression method based on a distributed perforated group is characterized in that the distributed perforated group is arranged on a propeller blade tip and a leading edge area, and the perforation direction is perpendicular to the surface of a propeller blade; the initial aperturing principle is as follows: taking a propeller with the diameter of 3m as a reference, wherein the initial aperture is 6-12 mm, the initial hole spacing is 4 times of the aperture, the initial opening number is two rows of 32 holes or three rows of 50 holes, and the initial opening range is a severe cavitation generation area at blade tips and guide edges of the blade; the propellers of different sizes are scaled in proportion to the reference; after the initial tapping scheme is determined, tapping optimization is carried out, and the tapping optimization method comprises the following steps: and carrying out propeller cavitation numerical simulation, and optimizing parameters of the open pore group by taking the variable quantity of cavitation volume of the blade and the loss quantity of propulsion efficiency as evaluation standards to obtain an optimized open pore group arrangement scheme.
In the above scheme, the parameters of the open cell group include open cell size, arrangement form, number of open cells and open cell spacing.
In the scheme, the judgment standard of the volume change of the sheet cavitation is as follows: ensuring that the reduction of the sheet void volume is not less than 10%.
In the above scheme, the judgment criteria of the propulsive efficiency loss are as follows: ensuring that the propulsive efficiency loss is not more than 3%.
In the scheme, the method for determining the cavitation occurrence area of the intense piece at the blade tip and the guide edge of the blade comprises the following steps: according to the selected target propeller, a propeller cavitation numerical simulation or model test under a given working condition is carried out, and the generation range of the intense cavitation phenomenon of the blade tip and the edge guiding area is determined.
In the scheme, the design of the open-cell group propellers is completed based on the optimized distributed open-cell group arrangement scheme, a numerical simulation calculation model is created according to the designed optimized open-cell group propellers, the propeller hydrodynamic force and cavitation performance simulation under a series of working conditions is developed, and the optimized distributed open-cell group arrangement scheme is confirmed to meet target requirements.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention applies the principle that the jet flow with holes can inhibit the generation and separation of vortex on the non-working surface, and on the premise of ensuring that the loss of propulsion efficiency is not more than 3 percent, a series of small-scale hole groups vertical to the blade surfaces of the propeller are uniformly formed in the area where the cavitation of the blade of the propeller is intense, the pressure field and the speed field of the area where the blade is easy to cavitate are reconstructed, the local pressure is improved, the aim of inhibiting and delaying the generation of cavitation of the blade surface of the propeller is achieved, the volume reduction of the cavitation of the blade is not less than 10 percent, and the critical navigational speed of the cavitation of the propeller can be effectively improved.
The method can be used for designing the anti-cavitation propeller and can inhibit and delay cavitation noise generated and induced by cavitation bubbles of the propeller blade. According to the scheme, the series through holes are drilled according to the optimized arrangement scheme, no other additional structure exists, the technical implementation difficulty is low, and the operability is high. Moreover, by optimizing the arrangement scheme of the open hole group, the influence on the propulsion performance of the propeller and the structural strength of the blade is small. The novel propeller is suitable for various ship propellers, the design such as the line type is not required to be changed, the processing is convenient, and the novel propeller can be suitable for repairing the existing propeller in the design of the novel propeller, so that the problem of cavitation noise is solved.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-row 50-hole arrangement of a distributed open cell cluster in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the direction of opening of the method of the present invention, the direction of opening being perpendicular to the blade face;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing cavitation zones during moderate cavitation conditions of the propeller of example E779A of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of two rows of 32-hole clusters based on the initial hole-forming principle for the propeller of example E779A of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a ship propeller cavitation noise suppression method based on a distributed perforated group, which is characterized in that the distributed perforated group is arranged on a propeller blade tip and a guiding edge area, and the technical problems which are mainly solved include:
(1) The direction of the opening of the through hole on the blade is selected: based on a principle of processing convenience, the direction of the opening is vertical to the surface of the propeller blade;
(2) Determination of initial aperture group parameters: taking a propeller with the diameter of 3m as a reference, wherein the initial aperture is 6-12 mm, the initial hole spacing is 4 times of the aperture, the initial opening number is two rows of 32 holes or three rows of 50 holes, and the initial opening range is a severe cavitation generation area at blade tips and guide edges of the blade; the different sized propellers are scaled in proportion to the reference. Through a large amount of parameterization researches in the earlier stage, the initial open hole group parameters can ensure that a series of open holes are uniformly distributed in a severe blade cavitation area of the propeller, the aim of inhibiting or delaying the cavitation generation of the blade is achieved, and the size of the open holes cannot be too large to influence the structural strength of the blade tip position of the blade.
(3) And (3) hole opening optimization: and carrying out propeller cavitation numerical simulation, and optimizing parameters of the open pore group by taking the variable quantity of cavitation volume of the blade and the loss quantity of propulsion efficiency as evaluation standards to obtain an optimized open pore group arrangement scheme. The aperture group parameters include aperture size, arrangement, number of apertures, and aperture spacing. Ensure that the reduction of the sheet cavity volume is not less than 10 percent and the propulsion efficiency loss is not more than 3 percent. When noise suppression is carried out on the propeller, the suppression effect of the cavitation of the propeller blade and the reduction of the propulsion performance caused by the suppression measure are comprehensively considered, so that in the invention, the variable quantity of the cavitation volume of the blade is used for evaluating the suppression effect of the distributed open-pore group on the cavitation of the propeller blade, and the loss of the propulsion efficiency is used for evaluating the reduction degree of the performance of the propeller.
Taking the moderate cavitation working condition of the E779A paddle as an example, taking the reduction of the sheet cavitation volume not less than 10% and the loss of propulsion efficiency not more than 3% as targets, the implementation mode of the method is as follows:
1) According to the selected target propeller, carrying out a propeller cavitation numerical simulation or model test under a given working condition, and determining parameters such as a severe blade cavitation phenomenon generation range of blade tips and a guiding edge area, critical cavitation navigational speed of the propeller and the like, as shown in figure 3;
2) E779A propeller diameter is 0.23m, initial aperture is 0.6mm according to initial aperture principle, initial aperture number is two rows of 32 holes, small holes are uniformly and vertically arranged in the severe cavitation area of the blade, a new calculation model is built, and the position of the first row of holes close to the blade tip and leading edge of the blade is ensured, as shown in figure 4;
3) Under the moderate cavitation working condition, numerical simulation of a propeller cavitation series is carried out, parameters such as the size of an opening (see table 1), the position of the opening (see table 2), the number of openings (see table 3) and the spacing of the openings (see table 4) are optimized by taking the reduction of the cavitation volume of a blade surface blade of the propeller blade not less than 10% and the loss of propulsion efficiency not more than 3% as evaluation standards, so that an optimized opening group arrangement scheme is obtained.
TABLE 1 influence of opening size
| 0.6mm aperture | 0.9mm aperture | Non-porous | |
| Cavitation volume (m) 3 ) | 2.09588e-6 | 1.97497e-6 | 2.55483e-6 |
| Relatively pore-free amplitude reduction | 17.96％ | 22.70％ | \ |
| Thrust coefficient Kt | 0.2050 | 0.2055 | 0.2057 |
| Torque coefficient Kq | 0.0398 | 0.0394 | 0.0390 |
| Propulsion efficiency | 0.6309 | 0.6388 | 0.6470 |
| Efficiency relative pore-free amplitude reduction | 2.49％ | 1.27％ | \ |
TABLE 2 influence of the position of openings
| Near the leading edge | Cavitation zone | Non-porous | |
| Cavitation volume (m) 3 ) | 2.41535e-6 | 2.31806e-6 | 2.55483e-6 |
| Relatively pore-free amplitude reduction | 5.46％ | 9.27％ | \ |
| Thrust coefficient Kt | 0.2058 | 0.2057 | 0.2057 |
| Torque coefficient Kq | 0.0392 | 0.0392 | 0.0390 |
| Propulsion efficiency | 0.6430 | 0.6430 | 0.6470 |
| Efficiency relative pore-free amplitude reduction | 0.62％ | 0.62％ | \ |
TABLE 3 influence of the number of openings
| Double row 32 holes | Three rows of 50 holes | Non-porous | |
| Cavitation volume (m) 3 ) | 2.09588e-6 | 1.92421e-6 | 2.55483e-6 |
| Relatively pore-free amplitude reduction | 17.96％ | 24.69％ | \ |
| Thrust coefficient Kt | 0.2055 | 0.2052 | 0.2057 |
| Torque coefficient Kq | 0.0394 | 0.0396 | 0.0390 |
| Propulsion efficiency | 0.6388 | 0.6346 | 0.6470 |
| Efficiency relative pore-free amplitude reduction | 1.27％ | 1.92％ | \ |
TABLE 4 influence of hole spacing
| Pitch reduction scheme | Original double-row 32 holes | Non-porous | |
| Cavitation volume (m) 3 ) | 2.24342e-6 | 2.09588e-6 | 2.55483e-6 |
| Relatively pore-free amplitude reduction | 12.19％ | 17.96％ | \ |
| Thrust coefficient Kt | 0.2054 | 0.2055 | 0.2057 |
| Torque coefficient Kq | 0.0395 | 0.0394 | 0.0390 |
| Propulsion efficiency | 0.6374 | 0.6388 | 0.6470 |
| Efficiency relative pore-free amplitude reduction | 1.48％ | 1.27％ | \ |
Based on tables 1-4, the optimized aperture group arrangement scheme is: 0.9mm aperture, cavitation zone opening, double row 32 holes, 3.6mm hole spacing.
4) Completing the design of the open-cell group propeller based on an optimized distributed open-cell group arrangement scheme;
5) According to the designed optimized open-pore group propeller, a numerical simulation calculation model is created, the hydrodynamic force and cavitation performance simulation of the propeller under a series of working conditions is developed, and the open-pore group arrangement scheme is confirmed to meet the target requirement;
6) And (3) a three-dimensional model of the distributed open-pore group propeller is derived and used as a machining reference of a model propeller or a real propeller.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims, which are to be protected by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A ship propeller cavitation noise suppression method based on a distributed perforated group is characterized in that the distributed perforated group is arranged on a propeller blade tip and a guiding edge area, and the perforation direction is perpendicular to the surface of a propeller blade; the initial aperturing principle is as follows: taking a propeller with the diameter of 3m as a reference, wherein the initial aperture is 6-12 mm, the initial hole spacing is 4 times of the aperture, the initial opening number is two rows of 32 holes or three rows of 50 holes, and the initial opening range is a severe cavitation generation area at blade tips and guide edges of the blade; the propellers of different sizes are scaled in proportion to the reference;
after the initial tapping scheme is determined, tapping optimization is carried out, and the tapping optimization method comprises the following steps: and carrying out propeller cavitation numerical simulation, and optimizing parameters of the open pore group by taking the variable quantity of cavitation volume of the blade and the loss quantity of propulsion efficiency as evaluation standards to obtain an optimized open pore group arrangement scheme.
2. The method for suppressing cavitation noise of a marine propeller based on a distributed aperture group as recited in claim 1, wherein the aperture group parameters include aperture size, arrangement, number of apertures, and aperture spacing.
3. The ship propeller cavitation noise suppression method based on the distributed aperture group according to claim 1, wherein the criterion of the sheet void volume variation is: ensuring that the reduction of the sheet void volume is not less than 10%.
4. The method for suppressing cavitation noise of a ship propeller based on a distributed aperture group according to claim 1, wherein the criterion for the amount of loss of propulsion efficiency is: ensuring that the propulsive efficiency loss is not more than 3%.
5. The method for suppressing cavitation noise of a marine propeller based on a distributed aperture group as recited in claim 1, wherein the method for determining the area of occurrence of intense piece cavitation at blade tips and leading edges: according to the selected target propeller, a propeller cavitation numerical simulation or model test under a given working condition is carried out, and the generation range of the intense cavitation phenomenon of the blade tip and the edge guiding area is determined.
6. The ship propeller cavitation noise suppression method based on the distributed perforated group according to claim 1, wherein the perforated group propeller design is completed based on an optimized distributed perforated group arrangement scheme, a numerical simulation calculation model is created according to the designed optimized perforated group propeller, propeller hydrodynamic force and cavitation performance simulation under a series of working conditions are developed, and the optimized distributed perforated group arrangement scheme is confirmed to meet target requirements.
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