CN116931284A - Laser addressing system and method, ion trap quantum computing system and storage medium - Google Patents

Laser addressing system and method, ion trap quantum computing system and storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116931284A
CN116931284A CN202310892452.4A CN202310892452A CN116931284A CN 116931284 A CN116931284 A CN 116931284A CN 202310892452 A CN202310892452 A CN 202310892452A CN 116931284 A CN116931284 A CN 116931284A
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laser
energy
multiplying power
focusing
lens group
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刘亚
刘扬扬
吴亚
贺羽
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Chinainstru and Quantumtech Hefei Co Ltd
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Chinainstru and Quantumtech Hefei Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N10/00—Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
    • G06N10/20—Models of quantum computing, e.g. quantum circuits or universal quantum computers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0927—Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
    • G02B7/04—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser addressing system and method, an ion trap quantum computing system and a storage medium, wherein the system comprises: the beam expander is used for expanding the laser beam; the focusing lens group is arranged at the rear end of the beam expander and is used for focusing the laser after beam expansion; the controller is used for controlling the beam expander to expand the laser according to the first multiplying power and adjusting the focusing position of the expanded laser to find trapped particles, controlling the beam expander to expand the laser according to the second multiplying power and controlling the focusing lens group to focus and adjust the expanded laser to address the particles, wherein the first multiplying power is smaller than the second multiplying power. Compared with the conventional fixed-magnification beam expanding addressing, the addressing system has higher efficiency of particle addressing, can timely find out the condition that the light path is blocked, and improves the addressing effect.

Description

Laser addressing system and method, ion trap quantum computing system and storage medium
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of quantum computing technology, and in particular, to a laser addressing system, an ion trap quantum computing system, a laser addressing method, and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
In the laser addressing operation of an ion trap quantum computing system, in order to reduce the crosstalk between ions, the addressing spot size needs to be reduced as much as possible, and the aberration of a focusing lens can be optimized by conventional practice.
In addition, in the initial addressing stage, the optical path needs to be continuously adjusted, so as to obtain the accurate position of the trapped ions, and the addressing laser is accurately focused on a single ion, while in the adjusting process of the optical path, the posture, the position and the beam direction of the lens may need to be changed, if the full aperture beam is used for adjusting in design, the beam may be partially blocked by the edge structure of the vacuum cavity of the ion trap, and particularly, energy loss, shape change and the like may be represented, so that the addressing effect of the single ion is poor, and the expandable multi-ion addressing quantity is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to provide a laser addressing system, in which a beam expander is used for expanding laser beams, a focusing lens group disposed at the rear end of the beam expander is used for focusing the expanded laser beams, and a controller controls the beam expander to expand the laser beams according to a first multiplying power and adjusts the focusing position of the expanded laser beams to find trapped particles, and then controls the beam expander to expand the laser beams according to a second multiplying power and controls the focusing lens group to focus and adjust the expanded laser beams.
A second object of the present invention is to propose an ion trap quantum computing system.
A third object of the invention is to propose a laser addressing method.
A fourth object of the present invention is to propose a computer readable storage medium.
To achieve the above object, an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention provides a laser addressing system, the system comprising: the beam expander is used for expanding the laser beam; the focusing lens group is arranged at the rear end of the beam expander and is used for focusing the laser after beam expansion; the controller is used for controlling the beam expander to expand the laser according to a first multiplying power, adjusting the focusing position of the expanded laser to find trapped particles, controlling the beam expander to expand the laser according to a second multiplying power, and controlling the focusing lens group to focus and adjust the expanded laser so as to address the particles, wherein the first multiplying power is smaller than the second multiplying power.
According to the laser addressing system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the beam expander is used for expanding laser, the focusing lens group arranged at the rear end of the beam expander is used for focusing the expanded laser, the controller is used for controlling the beam expander to expand the laser according to a first multiplying power and adjusting the focusing position of the expanded laser so as to find trapped particles, and controlling the beam expander to expand the laser according to a second multiplying power and controlling the focusing lens group to focus and adjust the expanded laser so as to address the particles, wherein the first multiplying power is smaller than the second multiplying power. Therefore, compared with the conventional fixed-magnification beam expanding addressing, the addressing system has higher efficiency of particle addressing, can timely find out the condition that the light path is blocked, and improves the addressing effect.
In addition, the laser addressing system according to the above embodiment of the present invention may have the following additional technical features:
according to one embodiment of the invention, the system further comprises: the controller is used for adjusting the position of the at least one reflecting mirror and/or the beam expander so as to adjust the focusing position of the laser after beam expansion.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the controller is configured to adjust the tilt angle and the translational position of the at least one mirror and/or the beam expander to adjust the focal position of the expanded laser light.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the system further comprises: and the controller is also used for determining the second multiplying power according to the ratio of the clear aperture of the focusing lens group to the clear aperture of the light deflector.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the controller is configured to control the focusing lens group to translate along the optical axis direction of the laser light to perform coarse focusing adjustment on the expanded laser light, where the coarse focusing adjustment is configured to minimize a light spot at a focal point position.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the controller is further adapted to obtain a first energy of the first particles at a first location and a second energy of the second particles at a second location, or to obtain a first energy of the first particles at the first location and a second energy of the first particles at the second location; the first position is the spot center position of the laser, and the second position is the spot edge position of the laser; and focusing and fine-tuning the laser after beam expansion according to the first energy and the second energy.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the first position and the second position is equal to a preset distance, the preset distance is equal to a minimum distance between two adjacent target ions trapped in the ion trap, and the target ions are ions irradiated by the laser under a normal working state of the ion trap system.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the controller is configured to fine tune the second magnification until a ratio of the first energy to the second energy is maximized.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the controller is configured to fine tune the second multiplying power until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, by: controlling the focusing lens group to perform coarse adjustment, and controlling the focusing lens group to perform fine adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and recording the ratio K0 of the first energy to the second energy at the moment; the second multiplying power is increased by the minimum adjustment step, the focusing lens group is controlled to conduct coarse adjustment, the focusing lens group is controlled to conduct fine adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and the ratio K1 of the first energy to the second energy at the moment is recorded; reducing the second multiplying power by the minimum adjustment step, controlling the focusing lens group to perform coarse adjustment, and controlling the focusing lens group to perform fine adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and recording the ratio K2 of the first energy to the second energy at the moment; if K0 is more than or equal to K1 and K0 is more than or equal to K2, the second multiplying power corresponding to K0 is the adjusting end point; if K1> K0> K2, increasing the second multiplying power by the minimum adjustment step on the basis of the second multiplying power corresponding to K1; if K2> K0> K1, regulating the second multiplying power by the minimum regulating step on the basis of the second multiplying power corresponding to K2; controlling the focusing lens group to perform coarse adjustment, and controlling the focusing lens group to perform fine adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and recording the ratio K3 of the first energy to the second energy at the moment; and until Kn-1 is less than or equal to Kn and is more than or equal to Kn+1, the second multiplying power corresponding to Kn is the adjusting end point.
To achieve the above objective, an ion trap quantum computing system according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention includes the above laser addressing system.
According to the ion trap quantum computing system provided by the embodiment of the invention, compared with the conventional fixed-magnification beam expanding addressing, the ion trap quantum computing system provided by the embodiment of the invention has higher efficiency of particle addressing, and can timely find out the condition that an optical path is blocked, so that the addressing effect is improved.
To achieve the above object, an embodiment of a third aspect of the present invention provides a laser addressing method, the method comprising: expanding the laser according to the first multiplying power, and adjusting the focusing position of the expanded laser to find out trapped particles; and expanding the laser according to a second multiplying power, and focusing and adjusting the expanded laser to address the particles, wherein the first multiplying power is smaller than the second multiplying power.
According to the laser addressing method provided by the embodiment of the invention, firstly, the laser is expanded according to the first multiplying power, the focusing position of the expanded laser is adjusted to find trapped particles, then the laser is expanded according to the second multiplying power, and the focusing adjustment is performed on the expanded laser to address the particles, wherein the first multiplying power is smaller than the second multiplying power. Compared with the conventional fixed-magnification beam expanding addressing, the method has higher efficiency of particle addressing, can timely find out the condition that the light path is blocked, and improves the addressing effect.
To achieve the above object, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, implements the laser addressing method described above.
According to the computer readable storage medium, the laser addressing method is realized during execution, compared with the conventional fixed-magnification beam expanding addressing, the particle addressing efficiency is higher, the condition that a light path is blocked can be timely found, and the addressing effect is improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block schematic diagram of a laser addressing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic system diagram of addressing optical paths according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a block schematic diagram of an ion trap quantum computing system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a laser addressing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a laser addressing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The laser addressing system, the ion trap quantum computing system, the laser addressing method and the computer readable storage medium according to the embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a block schematic diagram of a laser addressing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser addressing system may include: beam expander 110, focusing lens group 120, and controller 130.
Wherein the beam expander 110 is used for expanding the laser beam. The focusing lens group 120 disposed at the rear end of the beam expander 110 is used for focusing the laser beam after beam expansion. The controller 130 is configured to control the beam expander 110 to expand the laser beam according to a first magnification, and adjust a focusing position of the expanded laser beam to find trapped particles, and control the beam expander 110 to expand the laser beam according to a second magnification, and control the focusing lens group 120 to focus the expanded laser beam to address the particles, where the first magnification is smaller than the second magnification.
Specifically, to reduce the crosstalk between particles, the size of the addressing spot needs to be reduced as much as possible, and in addition to optimizing the aberration of the focusing lens, the conventional practice should also increase the numerical aperture on the objective lens as much as possible, and since the distance from the last lens of the lens to the particles is already constrained by other structural designs such as vacuum chamber, the addressing system can increase the aperture of the incident beam as much as possible, and therefore a beam expanding assembly with a certain magnification is generally matched before entering the focusing lens. The beam expander 110 is an optical system for increasing or decreasing the beam diameter, and may be used for expanding a laser beam, that is, may expand a laser beam emitted by a laser emitter or the like, where the beam expander 110 is a variable magnification beam expander, that is, the magnification of the beam expander 110 may be adjusted within an adjustable range, for example, by controlling two knobs of the variable magnification beam expander, the magnification of the beam expander may be adjusted according to a calibrated magnification (if necessary, a shearing interferometer may be used to assist in measuring the collimation of the output optical path of the beam expander 110). The focusing lens group 120 is disposed at the rear end of the beam expander 110, so that the laser beam after being expanded by the beam expander 110 can be focused, i.e., the light can be focused on a point, so that a high-brightness light beam is generated to irradiate particles (for example, atoms or ions).
It should be noted that, the addressing operation is performed by using the beam expander with variable magnification instead of the fixed magnification beam expander, so that the addressing is more flexible, and in addition, the beam expander with fixed magnification can be replaced after the beam expander is determined, so that the cost of the whole system is reduced.
When the controller 130 controls the beam expander 110, the magnification of the beam expander 110 is first reduced, for example, the beam expander 110 may be controlled to expand the laser beam according to the first magnification, so as to increase the scanning range of the optical path, that is, increase the translation or offset space of the optical path, so as to facilitate initial addressing of the particles, and then adjust the focusing position of the expanded laser beam, for example, by tilting, changing the position of the beam expander 110, so as to adjust the focusing position of the laser beam of the beam expander, so as to find the trapped particles. Therefore, the inclination and translation adjustment of the addressing beam are convenient by reducing the beam expansion ratio, so that the scanning addressing of particles is realized, and compared with the conventional fixed-ratio beam expansion addressing, the ion primary addressing has higher efficiency.
After the trapped particles are found, the magnification of the beam expander 110 may be increased, for example, the controller 130 controls the beam expander 110 to expand the laser beam according to the second magnification, so as to reduce the scanning range of the optical path, that is, reduce the translation or offset space of the optical path, thereby facilitating the precise addressing of the particles in a further step, and after the magnification of the beam expander 110 is changed, for example, the magnification of the beam expander 110 is increased or reduced, a small amount of defocus is caused, so that the focusing lens group 120 is required to be controlled to perform focusing adjustment on the expanded laser beam, for example, the focusing lens group 120 may be translated along the optical axis direction, and meanwhile, the particles may be observed on the camera, so that the light spot is the smallest, and the particles may be addressed.
Therefore, the beam expander is controlled to expand the laser according to the first multiplying power, the focusing position of the expanded laser is adjusted to find trapped particles, then the beam expander is controlled to expand the laser according to the second multiplying power, and the focusing lens group is controlled to focus and adjust the expanded laser.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the laser addressing system further comprises: the controller 130 is configured to adjust a position of the at least one mirror and/or the beam expander 110 to adjust a focusing position of the expanded laser beam.
Specifically, the process of searching for particles, that is, the process of changing the focal spot position, that is, the process of adjusting the focal position of the laser light, needs to be performed by changing the direction of the beam incident into the focusing lens, for example, the front end of the beam expander 110 may be provided with a mirror or mirrors, and the controller 130 may change the direction of the beam incident into the focusing lens by controlling the position of the mirror or mirrors. In addition, the controller 130 may also change the focusing position of the laser light by controlling only the position of the beam expander 110, or the controller 130 may also adjust the positions of the mirror and the beam expander 110 simultaneously to change the direction of the beam incident into the focusing lens, thereby adjusting the focusing position of the laser light after beam expansion.
It should be noted that the beam may deviate from the aperture range of the device during adjustment of the mirror or beam expander 110, so that translational adjustment of the device needs to be assisted at any time to ensure that the beam uses the central portion of the lens of the device as much as possible.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the controller 130 is configured to adjust the tilt angle and the translational position of the at least one mirror and/or the beam expander 110 to adjust the focal position of the expanded laser light.
Specifically, the controller 130 may adjust the tilt angle and translational position of the mirrors when adjusting the position of at least one mirror; or the controller 130 can adjust the tilt angle and translational position of the beam expander 110 when adjusting the position of the beam expander 110; or the controller 130 can adjust the tilt angle and the translation angle of the at least one mirror and the beam expander 110 while adjusting the position of the at least one mirror and the beam expander 110.
For example, as shown in fig. 2, two mirrors 50 may be disposed at the front end of the beam expander 110, which may be respectively referred to as a mirror a and a mirror B, and the relative positions of the mirrors 50 may be determined according to practical situations, for example, the mirrors a may be disposed at a certain angle, and when determining the mirror B, the two mirrors 50 may be designed in parallel, so that the incident angle and the reflection angle of the light beam passing through the mirrors a and the incident angle of the mirrors B may be the same as those of the mirrors B. For example, the material is illuminated by a laser light source 70 (e.g., photomultiplier tube) through a switchable mirror, through an imaging system, through focusing, attenuation, polarization, etc., to produce particles, and the light can be observed by a camera 80 (e.g., electron multiplying charge coupled device) through the switchable mirror. When addressing particles, for example, after a light beam passing through the single-mode optical fiber input 10 passes through the collimating lens 20, the collimating lens 20 can focus the light beam to a point, so that the light beam can propagate in a certain direction, and is filtered through the filter 30, the angle of the light beam can be adjusted after passing through the optical deflector 40, so as to achieve the purpose of deflecting the light beam, and then the light beam enters the beam expander 110 after being filtered again through the filter 30, and the position of the light beam can be corrected by adjusting the inclination angle of the reflecting lens 50 and the inclination angle of the other reflecting lens 50, and the reflecting lens 50 can be horizontally adjusted at the same time, and finally the beam expander 110 can be horizontally adjusted at the right and the left by controlling the inclination of the beam expander 110, so that the focusing position of the laser after beam expansion can be adjusted.
According to one embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, the laser addressing system further comprises: the controller 130 is further configured to determine the second magnification according to a ratio of a clear aperture of the focusing lens group 120 to a clear aperture of the optical deflector 40, where the light deflector 40 is disposed at a front end of the beam expander 110.
Specifically, the laser addressing system may further include an optical deflector 40 disposed at a front end of the beam expander 110, the optical deflector 40 may deflect the light beam in one direction, the angle may be variable, and the larger the clear aperture of the optical deflector 40, the more the amount of light is entered at the same time. In determining the second magnification, the rough range may be quickly determined according to the ratio of the clear aperture of the focusing lens set 120 to the clear aperture of the optical deflector 40, that is, the ratio of the clear aperture of the focusing lens set 120 to the clear aperture of the optical deflector 40 is taken as the second magnification. Such adjustment may eliminate the need to adjust the magnification of the beam expander 110 to a maximum value, and may quickly determine the approximate range of the magnification of the beam expander 110 to address the particle.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the controller 130 is configured to control the focusing lens group 120 to translate along the optical axis direction of the laser light to perform coarse focusing on the expanded laser light, where the coarse focusing is used to minimize the light spot at the focal position.
Specifically, since a small amount of defocus of the light beam is caused by changing the magnification of the beam expander 110, after the controller 130 controls the magnification of the beam expander 110 to change, the controller 130 may also control the focusing lens group 120 to translate along the optical axis direction of the laser beam, so that the light spot at the focal position is minimized, for example, the focusing lens group may be moved to the left or right by a certain distance according to the optical axis direction of the laser beam, so as to perform coarse focusing on the expanded laser beam, and at the same time observe particles on the camera, so that the light spot is minimized.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the controller 130 is further configured to obtain a first energy of the first particle at the first location and a second energy of the second particle at the second location, or obtain the first energy of the first particle at the first location and the second energy of the first particle at the second location; the first position is the spot center position of the laser, and the second position is the spot edge position of the laser; focusing and fine-tuning the laser after beam expansion according to the first energy and the second energy. The distance between the first position and the second position is equal to a preset distance, the preset distance is equal to the minimum distance between two adjacent target ions trapped in the ion trap, and the target ions refer to ions irradiated by laser in the normal working state of the ion trap system. The first energy and the second energy refer to fluorescence energy radiated by the excited particles after energy level transition.
Specifically, the ion trap system is a technique for trapping charged ions by electric field confinement by manufacturing radio frequency and electrostatic field using electrodes of specific shapes in an ultra-high vacuum environment. Ions are bound by an electric field, are stably trapped in the central region of the ion trap, are regularly arranged into one-dimensional ion chains, and can be arranged into two-dimensional ion lattices or even higher-dimensional ion structures. The distance between the first position and the second position (preset distance) can be calculated correspondingly through the current electric field parameters to obtain the minimum distance between the particles (such as ions), and in addition, when the minimum distance between the particles (such as ions) is obtained, the distance can also be obtained through collecting images of stimulated fluorescence of the particles and measuring the images.
The target ions refer to ions irradiated by the laser in the normal working state of the ion trap system, for example, the current ion trap traps 8 ions, and after addressing or reading, the laser irradiates only 6 ions (that is, the other 2 particles are in bad positions or states, the irradiated 6 ions are target ions), and the minimum distance between two adjacent ions is the preset distance in the 6 ions. It should be noted that the 6 ions irradiated are not necessarily those 6 ions used in the normal operation state of the ion trap system, and perhaps only 4 ions are used, whereas the 2 ions which are irradiated and not used are inevitably irradiated, and fluorescence generated by the irradiation inevitably affects the state readout of the ions which are adjacent and are required for operation, so that the 2 ions which are irradiated and not used are also required as target ions. Thus, after the target ions are determined, the minimum distance between two adjacent target ions can be determined, and the interference between the adjacent ions is adjusted to the minimum, so that the interference of the adjacent ions can be prevented when the ion state is read.
First, first energy of the first particle at the first position can be obtained, for example, the first particle can be placed at a spot center position (first position) of the laser, after the first particle is determined to be located at the first position, first energy of the first position can be obtained, for example, a light spot formed by the first particle is collected by a high-resolution CCD (charge coupled device ) camera, an energy value corresponding to the brightness is obtained according to brightness of each pixel in the light spot, after energy values corresponding to the brightness of a plurality of pixels are obtained, energy values of each pixel point are added, and therefore energy corresponding to the light spot formed by the first particle can be obtained, namely, first energy of the first particle at the first position is obtained.
When the second energy of the second particle at the second position is obtained, for example, the second particle may be placed at the edge position (the second position and the distance between the second particle and the first position are the preset distances) where the light spot of the laser is highest, after the second particle is determined to be located at the second position, the second energy of the second position may be obtained, for example, the light spot formed by the second particle is collected by a high-resolution CCD camera, the energy value corresponding to the brightness is obtained according to the brightness of each pixel in the light spot, and after the energy values corresponding to the brightness of a plurality of pixels are obtained, the energy values of each pixel are added, so that the energy corresponding to the light spot formed by the second particle may be obtained, that is, the second energy of the second particle at the second position is obtained.
After the first energy and the second energy are obtained, focusing fine adjustment can be performed on the laser after beam expansion according to the first energy and the second energy, for example, when the first energy minus the second energy is higher than a preset difference value, the beam expansion ratio of the beam expander 110 can be adjusted again, such as increasing or decreasing the beam expansion ratio, so as to minimize the difference value between the first energy and the second energy, thereby performing focusing fine adjustment on the laser after beam expansion. The preset difference value can be determined according to practical situations.
Or, the first energy of the first particle at the first position may be obtained, and the second energy of the first particle at the second position may be obtained, that is, the first particle is first determined, the first particle is placed at the central position (first position) of the light spot of the laser, after the first particle is determined to be located at the first position, the first energy of the first position may be obtained, for example, a light spot formed by the first particle is collected by a high-resolution CCD camera, the energy value corresponding to the brightness is obtained according to the brightness of each pixel in the light spot, and after the energy values corresponding to the brightness of a plurality of pixels are obtained, the energy values of each pixel are added, so that the energy corresponding to the light spot formed by the first particle may be obtained, that is, the first energy of the first particle at the first position is obtained. Then, the first particles can be moved to the edge position (the second position) with the highest light spot of the laser, the moving distance is the preset distance, then the light spot formed by the first particles can be collected through a high-resolution CCD camera, the energy value corresponding to the brightness is obtained according to the brightness of each pixel in the light spot, after the energy values corresponding to the brightness of a plurality of pixels are obtained, the energy value of each pixel is added, so that the energy corresponding to the light spot formed by the first particles can be obtained, and the second energy of the first particles at the second position can be obtained.
After the first energy and the second energy are obtained, focusing fine adjustment can be performed on the laser after beam expansion according to the first energy and the second energy, for example, when the first energy minus the second energy is higher than a preset difference value, the beam expansion ratio of the beam expander 110 can be adjusted again, for example, the beam expansion ratio is increased or decreased, so that the difference value between the first energy and the second energy is minimum, and thus, focusing fine adjustment can be performed on the laser after beam expansion. The preset difference value can be determined according to practical situations.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the controller 130 is configured to fine tune the second magnification until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy is maximized.
Specifically, in order to more accurately determine whether the beam expansion ratio of the beam expander 110 meets the test requirement, the situation that the light path is blocked can be found in time, and focusing fine adjustment can be performed on the laser after the beam expansion after the coarse focusing adjustment is performed. The second multiplying power may be fine-tuned by the controller 130, for example, the second multiplying power may be controlled to be increased until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and the second multiplying power may be controlled to be decreased until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum.
For example, when the ratio of the clear aperture of the focusing lens set 120 to the clear aperture of the optical deflector 40 is taken as the second magnification, the rough range of the particles can be quickly determined by the beam expansion magnification, on the basis of the magnification, some of the particle expansion can be slightly increased, and in order to reduce the light beam from being slightly out of focus, and the focusing lens set 120 is translated along the optical axis direction, if the ratio of the first energy to the second energy is correspondingly increased under the increased magnification, the magnification of the beam expander 110 can be continuously finely adjusted, and the magnification can be continuously expanded until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and the current beam expansion can be taken as the beam expansion magnification of the beam expander 110. In addition, the front-back spot size and divergence of the beam expander 110 can be further tested for subsequent optimization, for example, the variable magnification beam expander is used for finding the optimal magnification and then is used for replacing the optimal magnification, so that the space and cost of the system can be reduced.
When the ratio of the clear aperture of the focusing lens group 120 to the clear aperture of the optical deflector 40 is used as the second magnification, the rough range of particles can be quickly determined by the beam expansion magnification, on the basis of the magnification, some of the particles can be slightly reduced, in order to reduce the light beam from being out of focus slightly, the focusing lens group 120 is translated along the optical axis direction, if the ratio of the first energy to the second energy is correspondingly increased under the reduced magnification, the magnification of the beam expander 110 can be continuously adjusted finely, the magnification can be continuously reduced until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and the current beam expansion magnification can be used as the beam expansion magnification of the beam expander 110. In addition, the front-back spot size and divergence degree of the beam expander 110 can be further tested for subsequent optimization, for example, the variable magnification beam expander 110 is used for finding the optimal magnification and then the fixed magnification beam expander is used for replacing the optimal magnification, so that the space and the cost of the system can be reduced.
Therefore, by continuously fine-tuning the multiplying power of the beam expander, the focusing lens is not required to have higher requirements, so that the problem of higher cost is solved, the condition that the light path is blocked can be timely found, and the addressing effect of single particles and the expandable multi-particle addressing are improved.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the controller 130 is configured to fine tune the second multiplying power until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum by: controlling the focusing lens group 120 to perform coarse adjustment, controlling the focusing lens group 120 to perform fine adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and recording the ratio K0 of the first energy to the second energy at the moment; the second multiplying power is increased by the minimum adjustment step, the focusing lens group 120 is controlled to perform rough adjustment, the focusing lens group 120 is controlled to perform fine adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and the ratio K1 of the first energy to the second energy is recorded at the moment; the second multiplying power is reduced by the minimum adjustment step, the focusing lens group 120 is controlled to perform rough adjustment, the focusing lens group 120 is controlled to perform fine adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and the ratio K2 of the first energy to the second energy is recorded at the moment; if K0 is more than or equal to K1 and K0 is more than or equal to K2, the second multiplying power corresponding to K0 is the adjusting end point; if K1> K0> K2, increasing the second multiplying power on the basis of the second multiplying power corresponding to K1 by the minimum adjustment step; if K2> K0> K1, regulating the second multiplying power by the minimum regulating step on the basis of the second multiplying power corresponding to K2; controlling the focusing lens group 120 to perform coarse adjustment, controlling the focusing lens group 120 to perform fine adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and recording the ratio K3 of the first energy to the second energy at the moment; and (3) until Kn-1 is less than or equal to Kn and is more than or equal to Kn+1, the second multiplying power corresponding to Kn is the adjusting end point.
Specifically, when the second magnification is fine-tuned until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, the focusing lens set 120 may be controlled to perform coarse tuning, for example, the focusing lens set 120 is controlled to translate along the optical axis direction of the laser to perform coarse tuning to focus the expanded laser, so as to minimize the light spot at the focal point, and then the focusing lens set 120 is controlled to perform fine tuning, for example, focus the expanded laser according to the first energy and the second energy until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, where the ratio of the first energy to the second energy is recorded and may be recorded as K0.
In order to determine the final magnification of the beam expander 110, the current second magnification may be adjusted, for example, the second magnification may be increased by a minimum adjustment step, where the adjustment step may be determined according to the actual situation, and the focusing lens group is controlled to perform coarse adjustment, and then the focusing lens group is controlled to perform fine adjustment, until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, where the ratio of the first energy to the second energy is recorded and may be denoted as K1; the second multiplying power can be reduced by minimum adjustment step, the focusing lens group is controlled to perform coarse adjustment, then the focusing lens group is controlled to perform fine adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and the ratio of the first energy to the second energy at the moment is recorded and can be recorded as K2. That is, the ratio of the first energy to the second energy is reduced after the expansion ratio is increased or decreased, and thus, in order to finely adjust the expansion ratio, focusing adjustment is required after the expansion ratio is changed.
Judging the magnitudes of K0, K1 and K2, if K0 is more than or equal to K1 and K0 is more than or equal to K2, the ratio of the first energy to the second energy is smaller than or equal to the current energy ratio K0 under the condition that the minimum adjustment step is reduced or the multiplying power after the beam expander 110 is increased, so that the second multiplying power corresponding to K0 can be used as an adjustment end point, namely the beam expansion multiplying power of the beam expander 110 is based on the multiplying power corresponding to K0. If K1> K0> K2, indicate at present with the minimum regulation stepping increase second multiplying power after, then can continue to increase the second multiplying power on the basis of the second multiplying power that K1 corresponds, then control the focusing lens group and make coarse adjustment, then control the focusing lens group and make fine adjustment, until the ratio of first energy to second energy reaches the maximum, record this moment the ratio of first energy to second energy, can record K3, if K3> K1, indicate at present with the minimum regulation stepping increase second multiplying power after, can continue to increase the second multiplying power on the basis of the second multiplying power that K3 corresponds, then control the focusing lens group and make fine adjustment, until the ratio of first energy to second energy reaches the maximum, record this moment the ratio of first energy to second energy, can record K4, repeat above-mentioned step, if Kn-1, the corresponding to the maximum of the multiplying power that Kn is greater than or equal to the current multiplying power that Kn is greater than or equal to the maximum, if Kn-1, can be the corresponding to the n is not increased, namely, can continue to increase the multiplying power on the basis of the current multiplying power that Kn is greater than or equal to 110, if K1 is not reached, the current multiplying power that the n is equal to the maximum after the current multiplying power that K1 is reached. Wherein n may be a number of 1 or more.
Judging the sizes of K0, K1 and K2, if K2> K0> K1, indicating that after the second multiplying power is reduced by the minimum adjusting step, the ratio of the first energy to the second energy is continuously increased, continuously reducing the second multiplying power on the basis of the second multiplying power corresponding to K2, then controlling the focusing lens group to perform coarse adjustment, further controlling the focusing lens group to perform fine adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, recording the ratio of the first energy to the second energy at the moment, and recording K3, if K3> K2, indicating that the ratio of the first energy to the second energy is continuously increased on the basis of the second multiplying power corresponding to K3 after the second multiplying power is reduced by the minimum adjusting step, then controlling the focusing lens group to perform coarse adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, recording the ratio of the first energy to the second energy until the ratio of the K4 is the maximum, and recording the ratio of the first energy to the second energy until the n is not larger than the maximum, namely, if the ratio of the first energy to the second energy to the n is continuously increased on the basis of the second multiplying power corresponding to K1+1, and the n is not larger than the current multiplying power is reduced by the current multiplying power, and the n is not larger than the current multiplying power being equal to or equal to the maximum, and n is continuously reduced by the multiplying power 1.
In summary, according to the laser addressing system of the embodiment of the present invention, the beam expander is configured to expand a laser beam, the focusing lens set disposed at the rear end of the beam expander is configured to focus the expanded laser beam, and the controller is configured to control the beam expander to expand the laser beam according to a first magnification, adjust a focusing position of the expanded laser beam to find trapped particles, and control the beam expander to expand the laser beam according to a second magnification, and control the focusing lens set to focus the expanded laser beam to address the particles, where the first magnification is smaller than the second magnification. Therefore, compared with the conventional fixed-magnification beam expanding addressing, the addressing system has higher efficiency of particle addressing, can timely find out the condition that the light path is blocked, and improves the addressing effect.
Corresponding to the embodiment, the invention also provides an ion trap quantum computing system.
As shown in fig. 3, an ion trap quantum computing system 200 of an embodiment of the present invention may include a laser addressing system 100.
According to the ion trap quantum computing system provided by the embodiment of the invention, compared with the conventional fixed-magnification beam expanding addressing, the ion trap quantum computing system provided by the embodiment of the invention has higher efficiency of particle addressing, and can timely find out the condition that an optical path is blocked, so that the addressing effect is improved.
Corresponding to the above embodiment, the invention also provides a laser addressing method.
As shown in fig. 4, in one embodiment, the laser addressing method includes the steps of:
s1, expanding the laser according to a first multiplying power, and adjusting the focusing position of the expanded laser to find out trapped particles.
S2, expanding the laser beam according to a second multiplying power, and focusing and adjusting the expanded laser beam to address the particles, wherein the first multiplying power is smaller than the second multiplying power.
It should be noted that, for details not disclosed in the laser addressing method of the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to details disclosed in the laser addressing system of the embodiment of the present invention, and details are not described here again.
As a specific example, as shown in fig. 5, the above-mentioned laser addressing method may include the steps of:
s101, expanding the laser beam according to a first multiplying power.
S102, adjusting the inclination angle and the translation position of at least one reflecting mirror and the beam expander to adjust the focusing position of the laser after beam expansion so as to find trapped particles.
S103, determining a second multiplying power according to the ratio of the clear aperture of the focusing lens group to the clear aperture of the optical deflector.
S104, controlling the beam expander to expand the laser beam according to the second multiplying power.
S105, controlling the focusing lens group to translate along the optical axis direction of the laser so as to perform rough focusing on the expanded laser.
S106, acquiring first energy of the first particles at the first position and second energy of the second particles at the second position.
And S107, fine-tuning the second multiplying power until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum so as to address the particles.
In summary, according to the laser addressing method of the embodiment of the present invention, the laser is first expanded according to the first magnification, and the focusing position of the expanded laser is adjusted to find trapped particles, then the laser is expanded according to the second magnification, and the expanded laser is focused and adjusted to address the particles, where the first magnification is smaller than the second magnification. Compared with the conventional fixed-magnification beam expanding addressing, the method has higher efficiency of particle addressing, can timely find out the condition that the light path is blocked, and improves the addressing effect.
The present invention also proposes a computer-readable storage medium corresponding to the above-described embodiments.
The computer-readable storage medium of the embodiment of the present invention has a program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor implements the laser addressing method described above.
According to the computer readable storage medium, compared with the conventional fixed-magnification beam expanding addressing, the laser addressing method is higher in particle addressing efficiency, the condition that the light path is blocked can be timely found, and the addressing effect is improved.
It should be noted that the logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, for example, may be considered as a ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and may be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, as the program may be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It is to be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, may be implemented using any one or combination of the following techniques, as is well known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals, application specific integrated circuits having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable Gate Arrays (PGAs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and the like.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.

Claims (12)

1. A laser addressing system, the system comprising:
the beam expander is used for expanding the laser beam;
the focusing lens group is arranged at the rear end of the beam expander and is used for focusing the laser after beam expansion;
the controller is used for controlling the beam expander to expand the laser according to a first multiplying power, adjusting the focusing position of the expanded laser to find trapped particles, controlling the beam expander to expand the laser according to a second multiplying power, and controlling the focusing lens group to focus and adjust the expanded laser so as to address the particles, wherein the first multiplying power is smaller than the second multiplying power.
2. The laser addressing system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: the controller is used for adjusting the position of the at least one reflecting mirror and/or the beam expander so as to adjust the focusing position of the laser after beam expansion.
3. The laser addressing system of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the tilt angle and translational position of the at least one mirror and/or the beam expander to adjust the focal position of the expanded laser light.
4. The laser addressing system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: and the controller is also used for determining the second multiplying power according to the ratio of the clear aperture of the focusing lens group to the clear aperture of the light deflector.
5. The laser addressing system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control translation of the focusing lens group along an optical axis of the laser light to perform coarse focusing adjustment on the expanded laser light, the coarse focusing adjustment being configured to minimize a spot at a focal position.
6. The laser addressing system of claim 5, wherein the controller is further configured to,
acquiring first energy of first particles at a first position and second energy of second particles at a second position, or acquiring first energy of the first particles at the first position and second energy of the first particles at the second position; the first position is the spot center position of the laser, and the second position is the spot edge position of the laser;
and focusing and fine-tuning the laser after beam expansion according to the first energy and the second energy.
7. The laser addressing system of claim 6, wherein a distance between said first location and said second location is equal to a preset distance, said preset distance being equal to a minimum distance between two adjacent target ions trapped in the ion trap, said target ions being ions to which the laser light would be irradiated under normal operation of the ion trap system.
8. The laser addressing system of claim 6, wherein said controller is configured to fine tune said second magnification until a ratio of said first energy to said second energy is maximized.
9. The laser addressing system of claim 8, wherein said controller is configured to fine tune said second magnification until a ratio of said first energy to said second energy is maximized by:
controlling the focusing lens group to perform coarse adjustment, and controlling the focusing lens group to perform fine adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and recording the ratio K0 of the first energy to the second energy at the moment;
the second multiplying power is increased by the minimum adjustment step, the focusing lens group is controlled to conduct coarse adjustment, the focusing lens group is controlled to conduct fine adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and the ratio K1 of the first energy to the second energy at the moment is recorded;
Reducing the second multiplying power by the minimum adjustment step, controlling the focusing lens group to perform coarse adjustment, and controlling the focusing lens group to perform fine adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and recording the ratio K2 of the first energy to the second energy at the moment;
if K0 is more than or equal to K1 and K0 is more than or equal to K2, the second multiplying power corresponding to K0 is the adjusting end point;
if K1> K0> K2, increasing the second multiplying power by the minimum adjustment step on the basis of the second multiplying power corresponding to K1; if K2> K0> K1, regulating the second multiplying power by the minimum regulating step on the basis of the second multiplying power corresponding to K2; controlling the focusing lens group to perform coarse adjustment, and controlling the focusing lens group to perform fine adjustment until the ratio of the first energy to the second energy reaches the maximum, and recording the ratio K3 of the first energy to the second energy at the moment;
and until Kn-1 is less than or equal to Kn and is more than or equal to Kn+1, the second multiplying power corresponding to Kn is the adjusting end point.
10. An ion trap quantum computing system comprising a laser addressing system according to any one of claims 1-8.
11. A method of laser addressing, the method comprising:
Expanding the laser according to the first multiplying power, and adjusting the focusing position of the expanded laser to find out trapped particles;
and expanding the laser according to a second multiplying power, and focusing and adjusting the expanded laser to address the particles, wherein the first multiplying power is smaller than the second multiplying power.
12. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that a program is stored thereon, which program, when being executed by a processor, implements the laser addressing method according to claim 10.
CN202310892452.4A 2023-07-19 2023-07-19 Laser addressing system and method, ion trap quantum computing system and storage medium Pending CN116931284A (en)

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