CN116929694A - Dynamic ground loading method and device for dynamic derivative test - Google Patents
Dynamic ground loading method and device for dynamic derivative test Download PDFInfo
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- CN116929694A CN116929694A CN202311205258.0A CN202311205258A CN116929694A CN 116929694 A CN116929694 A CN 116929694A CN 202311205258 A CN202311205258 A CN 202311205258A CN 116929694 A CN116929694 A CN 116929694A
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
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Abstract
The invention provides a dynamic ground loading method and device for a dynamic derivative test, and belongs to the technical field of special tests of aero-aerodynamic wind tunnels. Comprising the following steps: firstly, evaluating static force and maximum moment born by a model according to test working conditions; secondly, enabling the model to be in contact with the top support, and adjusting the rotation center of the model to coincide with the symmetry center of the device; adjusting the distance of the device again, observing the scale of the steel ruler to obtain the length of the force arm, and fixing the loading position; the secondary adjusting rod enables the middle support to move upwards, so that the compression amount of the spring is the target value to finish loading static force; and finally, starting a model vibration mechanism to enable the model to vibrate around a rotation center in a constant amplitude manner, compressing springs to realize loading of dynamic moment, enabling the model to be subjected to static force unchanged and dynamic moment at the same time, and enabling data acquisition equipment to acquire the stress of the model, so that debugging is completed. The problem that the blowing state cannot be simulated truly is solved. The invention finishes the ground dynamic loading under the condition of unchanged loading force and sine change of loading moment, thereby ensuring the accuracy of ground debugging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dynamic loading device, in particular to a dynamic loading method and a dynamic loading device for the ground in a dynamic derivative test, and belongs to the technical field of aviation aerodynamic wind tunnel special tests.
Background
In wind tunnel test, ground debugging is an important ring for ensuring smooth test, in the ground debugging process, the stability of the system, the accuracy of the acquisition system and the accuracy of data transmission can be verified, the problems possibly found in the test process are dealt with, and a corresponding solution is found, so that unnecessary time waste in the wind tunnel test process is reduced, and the test efficiency is improved.
The dynamic derivative wind tunnel test is a special wind tunnel test technology, and is mainly used for measuring dynamic and stable derivatives of an aircraft, describing aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft during maneuvering flight and disturbance, and is the derivative of six aerodynamic coefficients of the aircraft on the time change rate of attitude parameters of the aircraft. Common dynamic derivative measurement methods are free vibration and forced vibration.
The free vibration method is to give an initial excitation to the model, so that the model is gradually attenuated under the action of pneumatic damping to determine the dynamic derivative. The forced vibration method is to apply energy to the model vibration continuously to make the model in a constant amplitude vibration state all the time, and measure the dynamic derivative of the model.
For conventional static force measurement, only resultant force and moment are required to be collected in the wind tunnel test process, so that the model is fixed at a certain attack angle and kept motionless in the ground debugging process, the resultant force born by the weight simulation model with a certain weight is hung on the model in the vertical direction, the applied moment can be changed by adjusting the position of the weight from the gravity center, the moment born by the model is simulated, the method can simulate the real blowing state more accurately, the accuracy of the collection system can be judged by comparing the balance reading and the loading force and the moment, and the smooth performance of the test is ensured. In the early debugging process of the dynamic derivative test, for the forced vibration method, the model is always in a vibration state, so that external force cannot be applied through hanging weights, the weights can only provide fixed force, and dynamic force cannot be provided. The model is usually only subjected to air vibration, i.e. the model is forced to vibrate in an unloaded state, so that mechanical damping caused by a mechanism and the like is obtained, the sine of the vibration of the mechanism is verified, and the test vibration frequency suitable for the model is obtained. However, dynamic force cannot be loaded, so that the blowing state cannot be simulated truly, and an important part of ground debugging links of the test is lacking, and the problem that the ground debugging links can only be solved in the test process if emergency occurs is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is discussed later.
In view of the above, in order to solve the technical problem that dynamic force cannot be provided and the blowing state cannot be truly simulated in the prior art, the invention provides a dynamic loading method and a dynamic loading device for a dynamic derivative test ground, which are used for simulating the blowing condition of the test, sufficiently guiding the test operation, sufficiently debugging the test, ensuring the smooth running of the test, saving the test time and rapidly corresponding to the emergency.
Scheme one, a dynamic loading method of dynamic derivative test ground, comprising the following steps:
step one, according to the test working condition, evaluating the static force born by the model in the test processMaximum moment->By the spring formula:
；
wherein ,is a static force, k is the spring coefficient of the spring, +.>Is the compression amount of the spring;
through a moment formula:
；
wherein ,the vibration angular frequency of the model;
the maximum value of Mz is found to be:
；
wherein L is the distance from the action point of the loading block to the rotation center O of the model,the maximum deformation amount generated by the compression spring in the vibration process of the mechanism is obtained, and when the vibration angle of the mechanism is 1 degree:
；
；
the arm length L' is:
；
step two, placing the dynamic loading device on a horizontal plane, adjusting the model 9 to be in a horizontal position, enabling the model 9 to be in contact with the top support 1 of the dynamic loading device, and adjusting the rotation center O of the model to enable the center O of the model to be in the same straight line with the center O' of the mechanism;
step three, adjusting the distance between the left dynamic loading device and the right dynamic loading device, keeping the distance between the left dynamic loading device and the right dynamic loading device equal to the distance between the left dynamic loading device and the right dynamic loading device and the model all the time in the adjusting process, obtaining the length L' of a target force arm through observing the scale of the steel rule, and fixing the loading position;
step four, adjusting the adjusting rod 7 between the middle support 4 and the base 5 to enable the middle support 4 to move upwards, compressing the spring in the upward moving process of the middle support 4 due to the fact that the top support 1 is kept fixed in contact with the model, wherein the compression amount of the spring is the movement amount of the middle support 4, observing the graduated scale below the spring support rod 3 to observe the compression amount of the spring, and enabling the compression amount of the spring to be enabled through the adjusting rod 7As the target value, loading the static force is completed;
step five, starting the model to vibrate, enabling the model 9 to vibrate in a constant amplitude around a model rotation center O, achieving loading of dynamic moment through spring compression in the vibration process, guaranteeing that the model 9 receives dynamic moment while receiving static force unchanged, collecting model stress through data collecting equipment after vibration is stable, and finishing ground debugging.
Preferably, the dynamic loading device has a lift range of 0-3000N and a moment range of 5-52N.m in a high-speed wind tunnel model with a test section size of 1.2m multiplied by 1.2 m.
The second scheme is a dynamic loading device for the dynamic derivative test ground, which is used for realizing the first scheme, namely a dynamic loading method for the dynamic derivative test ground, and comprises the following steps: the number of the dynamic loading devices is 2, and the dynamic loading devices are connected through steel rules and are bilaterally symmetrical; the dynamic loading device comprises a top support, a spring, a support rod, a middle support, a base, an adjusting rod and a nut;
the top support is connected with the support rod; the spring is arranged on the supporting rod; the supporting rod enables the spring to move up and down; the bottom of the supporting rod is provided with scale values;
the spring is connected with the top support and the middle support through interference fit;
the middle support is connected with the base through the adjusting rod;
the steel ruler is connected with the base in a sliding manner;
the adjusting rod is a threaded rod and is used for adjusting the height of the middle support through the nut.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can realize sinusoidal change of the loading moment under the condition of unchanged loading force, complete ground dynamic loading and ensure the accuracy of ground debugging; the invention can change the loading force and moment, and can adjust the maximum value of the loading moment under the condition of unchanged loading force, and the loading range is wide; the invention is a full mechanical device, does not need to be electrified and the like by means of external force, and has simple operation and convenient use.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a dynamic loading method of a dynamic derivative test ground;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic loading method for the dynamic derivative test of the ground, wherein (a) is a model horizontal state; (b) a model low head state; (c) a model head-up state; o is the rotation center of the model; o' is the center of the mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic ground loading device for dynamic derivative test;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the use state of a dynamic ground loading device for dynamic derivative test.
In the figure, top support-1; a spring-2; a support rod-3; a middle bracket-4; a base-5; steel rule-6; an adjusting rod-7; a nut-8; model-9.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention and not exhaustive of all embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
Example 1, the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1-2, and a dynamic loading method for a dynamic derivative test ground, comprising the steps of:
step one, according to the test working condition, the static force applied by the model 9 in the test process is estimatedMaximum moment->By the spring formula:
；
wherein ,is a static force, k is the spring coefficient of the spring, +.>Is the compression amount of the spring;
through a moment formula:
；
wherein ,the vibration angular frequency of the model;
the maximum value of Mz is found to be:
；
wherein L is the distance from the action point of the loading block to the rotation center O of the model,the maximum deformation amount generated by the compression spring in the vibration process of the mechanism is obtained, and when the vibration angle of the mechanism is 1 degree:
；
；
the arm length L' is:
；
step two, placing the dynamic loading device on a horizontal plane, adjusting the model 9 to be in a horizontal position, enabling the model 9 to be in contact with the top support 1 of the dynamic loading device, and adjusting the rotation center O of the model to enable the center O of the model to be in the same straight line with the center O' of the mechanism;
step three, adjusting the distance between the left dynamic loading device and the right dynamic loading device, keeping the distance between the left dynamic loading device and the right dynamic loading device equal to the distance between the left dynamic loading device and the right dynamic loading device and between the left dynamic loading device and the right dynamic loading device are all the same in the adjusting process, obtaining the length L' of a target force arm through observing scales of a steel rule, and fixing loading positions;
specifically, the base 5 and the steel rule 6 perform sliding movement, the steel rule is kept motionless, and the loading device can slide relative to the steel rule by moving left and right;
step four, adjusting the adjusting rod 7 between the middle support 4 and the base 5 to enable the middle support 4 to move upwards, compressing the spring in the upward moving process of the middle support 4 due to the fact that the top support 1 is kept fixed in contact with the model, wherein the compression amount of the spring is the movement amount of the middle support 4, observing the graduated scale below the spring support rod 3 to observe the compression amount of the spring, and enabling the compression amount of the spring to be enabled through the adjusting rod 7As the target value, loading the static force is completed;
step five, starting the model to vibrate, enabling the model 9 to vibrate in a constant amplitude around a model rotation center O, achieving loading of dynamic moment through spring compression in the vibration process, guaranteeing that the model 9 receives dynamic moment while receiving static force unchanged, collecting model stress through data collecting equipment after vibration is stable, and finishing ground debugging.
In the high-speed wind tunnel model with the test section size of 1.2mx1.2m, the dynamic loading device has a lift range of 0-3000N and a moment range of 5-52N.m.
Example 2 this embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 3 to 4, which illustrate a dynamic ground loading device for a dynamic derivative test, comprising: the number of the dynamic loading devices is 2, and the dynamic loading devices are connected through steel rules 6 and are bilaterally symmetrical; the dynamic loading device comprises a top support 1, a spring 2, a support rod 3, a middle support 4, a base 5, an adjusting rod 7 and a nut 8;
the top support 1 is connected with the support rod 3; the spring 2 is arranged on the supporting rod 3; the supporting rod 3 moves the spring 2 up and down; the bottom of the supporting rod 3 is provided with scale values;
the spring 2 connects the top support 1 and the middle support 4 through interference fit;
the middle support 4 is connected with the base 5 through the adjusting rod 7;
the steel ruler 6 is connected with the base 5 in a sliding manner;
the adjusting rod 7 is a threaded rod, and the height of the middle support 4 is adjusted through the nut 8.
Specifically, the scales on the steel ruler 6 are observed, the length of a moment arm for applying moment is adjusted, when the moment arm is increased, the moment value can be increased under the condition that the upward acting force is not changed, and the length of the moment arm is adjusted to the designated moment; the driving source and the related motion conversion mechanism are arranged in the dynamic derivative test vibration mechanism, and the driving source can drive the mechanism to generate reciprocating vibration in the pitching direction in the test, so that the test model is driven to realize vibration in the pitching direction. When the model vibrates, dynamic loading can be realized.
The working procedure of this embodiment is: the top support 1 is in contact with the model, the spring 2 is connected with the top support 1 and the middle support 4, the middle support 3 of the spring 2 ensures that the spring only moves vertically, the middle support 4 is connected with the base 5 through the adjusting rod 7, and the front-back symmetrical structure is connected through the steel rule 6, wherein sliding movement can be carried out between the steel rule 6 and the base 5; the top support 1 is connected with the spring support bar, the spring 2 is connected with the top support 1 and the middle support 4 through interference fit, the support bar 3 ensures that the spring 2 can only move up and down in the moving process, the lower end of the support bar is provided with scale values, the compression amount of the spring is intuitively seen so as to adjust the static force applied to the model, the middle support 4 is connected with the base 5 through the adjusting rod 7, the adjusting rod 7 is provided with threads, the lower end is connected with the base 5, the upper end is connected with the middle support 4 through the adjusting nut 8, the middle support 4 moves up and down, and the spring force is changed. The dynamic loading device is provided with a left symmetrical part and a right symmetrical part, the force arm is changed by adjusting the distance between the two parts, the moment is further changed, and the steel ruler plays a role in the center of the positioning device and can visually observe the force arm.
While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of the above description, will appreciate that other embodiments are contemplated within the scope of the invention as described herein. Furthermore, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. Accordingly, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims. The disclosure of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The dynamic ground loading method for the dynamic derivative test is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, according to the test working condition, evaluating the static force born by the model (9) in the test processMaximum moment->By the spring formula:
；
wherein ,is a static force, k is the spring coefficient of the spring, +.>Is the compression amount of the spring;
through a moment formula:
；
wherein ,the vibration angular frequency of the model;
the maximum value of Mz is found to be:
；
wherein L is the distance from the action point of the loading block to the rotation center (O) of the model,the maximum deformation amount generated by the compression spring in the vibration process of the mechanism is obtained, and when the vibration angle of the mechanism is 1 degree:
；
；
the arm length L' is:
；
step two, placing the dynamic loading device on a horizontal plane, adjusting the model (9) to be in a horizontal position, enabling the model (9) to be in contact with the top support (1) of the dynamic loading device, and adjusting the rotation center (O) of the model to be in the same straight line with the mechanism center (O');
step three, adjusting the distance between the left dynamic loading device and the right dynamic loading device, keeping the distance between the left dynamic loading device and the right dynamic loading device equal to the distance between the left dynamic loading device and the right dynamic loading device and between the left dynamic loading device and the right dynamic loading device are all the same in the adjusting process, obtaining the length L' of a target force arm through observing scales of a steel rule, and fixing loading positions;
step four, adjusting a regulating rod (7) between the middle support (4) and the base (5) to enable the middle support (4) to move upwards, and enabling the spring to compress through the regulating rod (7)As the target value, loading the static force is completed;
step five, starting the model to vibrate, enabling the model (9) to vibrate in a constant amplitude around a model rotation center (O), loading dynamic moment through spring compression in the vibration process, enabling the model (9) to receive dynamic moment while receiving static force unchanged, collecting stress of the model (9) through data collecting equipment after vibration is stable, and finishing ground debugging.
2. The dynamic ground loading method for the dynamic derivative test according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic loading device is characterized in that in a high-speed wind tunnel model with the test section size of 1.2m multiplied by 1.2m, the lift force range is 0-3000N, and the moment range is 5-52N.m.
3. A dynamic ground loading device for a dynamic derivative test, characterized in that it is used for implementing a dynamic ground loading method for a dynamic derivative test according to claim 1, comprising: the number of the dynamic loading devices is 2, and the dynamic loading devices are connected through steel rules (6) and are bilaterally symmetrical; the dynamic loading device comprises a top support (1), a spring (2), a supporting rod (3), a middle support (4), a base (5), an adjusting rod (7) and a nut (8);
the top support (1) is connected with the support rod (3); the spring (2) is arranged on the supporting rod (3); the supporting rod (3) enables the spring (2) to move up and down; the bottom of the supporting rod (3) is provided with scale values;
the spring (2) is connected with the top support (1) and the middle support (4) through interference fit;
the middle support (4) is connected with the base (5) through the adjusting rod (7);
the steel ruler (6) is connected with the base (5) in a sliding manner;
the adjusting rod (7) is a threaded rod, and the height of the middle support (4) is adjusted through the nut (8).
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