CN116928990A - 一种混合工质低温高压储氢系统 - Google Patents
一种混合工质低温高压储氢系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116928990A CN116928990A CN202210363556.1A CN202210363556A CN116928990A CN 116928990 A CN116928990 A CN 116928990A CN 202210363556 A CN202210363556 A CN 202210363556A CN 116928990 A CN116928990 A CN 116928990A
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- hydrogen
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 264
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 264
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 227
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
- F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0227—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers within a refrigeration cascade
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- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
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- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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- F25J2270/908—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration
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- F25J2270/908—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration
- F25J2270/91—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration using pulse tube refrigeration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
本申请提供的混合工质低温高压储氢系统,包括:氢气增压单元(1)、混合工质制冷机单元(2)和低温高压储罐单元(3),低压原料氢气经所述多级氢气压缩机(101)增压后进入所述后冷却器(102)冷却,形成的高压氢气进入所述混合工质制冷机单元(2);所述高压氢气在所述回热器(203)中被低温低压混合工质冷却至储氢温度以形成低温高压氢气,所述低温高压氢气进入所述低温高压储罐单元(3)存储,上述混合工质低温高压储氢系统,采用混合工质节流制冷技术,对高压氢气分布式冷却,实现氢气低温高压致密化储存,且无需正仲氢转化,可大量采用空分、LNG领域的成熟货架产品,具有储氢密度高、储氢能耗低、系统建造成本低的优点。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及低温制冷和储氢技术领域,特别涉及一种混合工质低温高压储氢系统。
背景技术
氢气燃烧过程无污染,是替代传统化石燃料的新能源载体之一。然而氢气密度极低,在常温常压下为气态,氢气的密度为0.0899kg/m3,储存运输极为不便,是限制氢能实用化、规模化应用的主要瓶颈。目前氢气致密化储存方法主要有分为化学储氢和物理储氢两大类,化学储氢方法主要有金属氢化物储氢、有机液氢化物储氢、无机物储氢等,物理储氢方法主要有氢液化、高压气态储氢、吸附储氢等。其中金属氢化物储氢等化学储氢方法以及吸附储氢存在储氢介质造价高、寿命有限、放氢温度高等局限性,仍待进一步发展,目前商业应用较多的是氢液化和高压气态储氢。
氢液化系统将氢气冷却到20K后液化,可实现70kg/m3级别的储氢密度,且液氢储存压力低,是较为理想的储氢方式。然而氢液化系统结构复杂、研制难度大、系统造价高,且运行能耗较大,现有氢液化装置能耗约10kWh/kg LH2;另一方方面液氢储存容器的绝热要求高,且液氢长期储存蒸发损失较大。目前液氢生产成本仍然较高,主要用于航天等领域,推广至民用领域需降低成本。
而高压气态储氢是将气态氢压缩至较高压力后储存,储存温度一般为常温,具有能耗低、成本低、充放氢方便等优点,其研制难度一般低于氢液化系统,目前已相对成熟并应用于氢能汽车等领域;然而高压气态储氢密度有限,并且储存压力高,存在一定安全问题。
综上,现有的储氢方法均有明显缺陷,难以同时实现氢气的低成本(低设备成本、低能耗)、高密度储存。
发明内容
鉴于此,有必要针对现有技术中存在缺陷提供一种储氢密度高、储氢能耗低、系统建造成本低的混合工质低温高压储氢系统。
为解决上述问题,本申请采用下述技术方案:
本申请提供了一种混合工质低温高压储氢系统,包括:氢气增压单元(1)、混合工质制冷机单元(2)和低温高压储罐单元(3),所述的氢气增压单元(1)包括多级氢气压缩机(101)与后冷却器(102),所述的混合工质制冷机单元(2)包括混合工质制冷循环模块,所述的混合工质制冷循环模块包括依次设置的混合工质压缩机(201)、后冷却器(202)、回热器(203)和节流元件(204);所述低温高压储罐单元(3)包括壳体(301)、进口阀(302)、内胆(301)、出口阀(304)及和绝热结构(305),所述绝热结构(305)包裹所述内胆(301)外围,所述壳体(301)设置于所述绝热结构(305)的外围,所述进口阀(302)及出口阀(304)设置于所述壳体(301)上;
混合工质被所述混合工质压缩机(201)压缩后进入所述后冷却器(202),再经所述后冷却器(202)冷却后进入所述回热器(203)并被低温低压混合工质冷却,然后经所述节流元件(204)降温降压后进入所述回热器(203),再经所述回热器(203)提供冷量后复温后返回所述混合工质压缩机(201)完成循环;
低压原料氢气经所述多级氢气压缩机(101)增压后进入所述后冷却器(102)冷却,形成的高压氢气进入所述混合工质制冷机单元(2);所述高压氢气在所述回热器(203)中被低温低压混合工质冷却至储氢温度以形成低温高压氢气,所述低温高压氢气通过所述进口阀(302)进入所述低温高压储罐单元(3)的内胆(301)存储。
在其中一些实施例中,所述混合工质制冷机单元(2)还包括预冷循环模块,所述预冷循环模块包括预冷换热器(205)及预冷机组(206),所述预冷换热器(205)设置于所述后冷却器(202)和所述回热器(203)之间,所述混合工质和高压氢气在所述预冷换热器(205)中被预冷工质冷却,所述预冷机组(206)可对所述预冷换热器(205)提供冷源;所述预冷循环模块可采用蒸汽压缩制冷循环、混合工质节流制冷循环、吸收式制冷循环、吸附式制冷循环以及商用冷水机组。
在其中一些实施例中,所述混合工质制冷机单元(2)还包括低温逆布雷顿循环模块,所述低温逆布雷顿循环模块包括低温级压缩机(211)、后冷却器(212)、逆布雷顿前级回热器(213)、逆布雷顿次级回热器(214)和膨胀机(215);
所述低温逆布雷顿循环模块中的低温级工质经所述低温级压缩机(211)增压再经所述后冷却器冷却后依次进入所述逆布雷顿前级回热器(213)和所述逆布雷顿次级回热器(214)并被低压低温级工质冷却进入所述膨胀机(215)降温降压,经降温降压后的低温级工质再依次经过所述逆布雷顿次级回热器(214)和所述逆布雷顿前级回热器(213)复温提供冷量后返回所述低温级压缩机(211)完成循环;
低压原料氢气依次经所述多级氢气压缩机(101)及所述后冷却器(102)形成的高压氢气在所述回热器(203)中被低温低压混合工质冷却至储氢温度以形成低温高压氢气,所述高压氢气经混合工质制冷循环冷却后进入所述逆布雷顿次级回热器(214)并被冷却至储氢温度后形成低温高压氢气,所述低温高压氢气进入所述低温高压储罐单元(3);
所述布雷顿次级回热器(214)还连接有附加冷却段(214a);
所述低温逆布雷顿循环的逆布雷顿前级回热器(213)与所述回热器(203)集成为单个多流道换热器。
在其中一些实施例中,所述低温级工质采用氮气、氖气、氢气、氦气等其中一种或多种组成的混合物。
在其中一些实施例中,还包括若干预冷换热器(205),所述预冷换热器(205)可用于预冷所述混合工质、所述低温级工质和所述高压氢气。
在其中一些实施例中,所述混合工质制冷机单元(2)还包括低温制冷机,所述低温制冷机包括制冷机本体(216)和冷头换热器(217);
低压原料氢气依次经所述多级氢气压缩机(101)及所述后冷却器(102)形成的高压氢气在所述回热器(203)中被低温低压混合工质冷却至储氢温度以形成低温高压氢气,所述低温高压氢气进入所述冷头换热器(217)并被冷却至储氢温度后再进入所述低温高压储罐单元(3)。
在其中一些实施例中,所述制冷机本体(216)可采用但不限于斯特林制冷机、G-M制冷机、脉冲管制冷机、磁制冷机。
在其中一些实施例中,所述低温高压储罐单元(3)包括壳体(301)、进口阀(302)、内胆(301)、出口阀(304)及和绝热结构(305),所述绝热结构(305)包裹所述内胆(301)外围,所述壳体(301)设置于所述绝热结构(305)的外围,所述进口阀(302)及出口阀(304)设置于所述壳体(301)上。
在其中一些实施例中,所述低温高压储罐单元(3)还包括微型膨胀机(306)、冷却夹套(307)和用户端阀(308),所述冷却夹套(307)设置于所述内胆(301)与所述绝热结构(305)之间,所述冷却夹套(307)用于冷却所述内胆(303)及其中的低温高压氢气;
用户使用低温高压氢气时,所述低温高压氢气经所述出口阀(304)后进入所述微型膨胀机(306)降温降压形成低压氢气,所述低压氢气进入所述冷却夹套(307),所述冷却夹套(307)提供冷量用于冷却所述内胆(303)和其中的低温高压氢气,然后经所述用户端阀(308)输送至用户。
本申请还提供了一种混合工质低温高压储氢系统,包括:氢气增压单元(1)、混合工质制冷机单元(2)和低温高压储罐单元(3),所述的氢气增压单元(1)包括多级氢气压缩机(101)与后冷却器(102),所述的混合工质制冷机单元(2)包括混合工质制冷循环模块,所述的混合工质制冷循环模块包括依次设置的混合工质压缩机(201)、后冷却器(202)、回热组合体(23)和节流元件(204);所述回热组合体(23)包括分离器(208)、中间级换热器(207)、液体节流元件(209)、混合器(210)及低温级换热器(203A);
混合工质经所述混合工质压缩机(201)压缩后进入所述后冷却器(202),再经所述后冷却器(202)冷却形成高压混合工质后进入分离器(208)分离出气相高压混合工质和液相高压混合工质;
低压原料氢气经所述多级氢气压缩机(101)增压后进入所述后冷却器(102)冷却,形成的高压氢气进入所述混合工质制冷机单元(2);
所述气相高压混合工质与所述高压氢气依次在所述中间级换热器(207)、所述低温级换热器203A中被低温低压混合工质冷却,所述高压混合工质经节流元件(204)降压降温后形成低温低压混合工质返回所述中间级换热器(207)和所述低温级换热器(203A)提供冷量;包含润滑油的液相高压混合工质在所述中间级换热器(207)中被冷却后经所述液体节流元件(209)降压降温后在混合器(210)与低温低压混合工质汇合;所述混合工质制冷机单元(2)还包括预冷循环模块,所述预冷循环模块包括预冷换热器(205)及预冷机组(206),所述预冷换热器(205)设置于所述后冷却器(202)和所述回热器(203)之间,所述混合工质和高压氢气在所述预冷换热器(205)中被预冷工质冷却,所述预冷机组(206)可对所述预冷换热器(205)提供冷源。
在其中一些实施例中,所述混合工质制冷机单元(2)中的混合工质制冷循环采用一级分离循环构型。
本申请采用上述技术方案,其有益效果如下:
本申请提供的混合工质低温高压储氢系统,低压原料氢气经所述多级氢气压缩机(101)增压后进入所述后冷却器(102)冷却,形成的高压氢气进入所述混合工质制冷机单元(2);所述高压氢气在所述回热器(203)中被低温低压混合工质冷却至储氢温度以形成低温高压氢气,所述低温高压氢气进入所述低温高压储罐单元(3)存储,上述混合工质低温高压储氢系统,采用混合工质节流制冷技术,对高压氢气进行分布式冷却,实现氢气低温高压致密化储存,且无需正仲氢转化,可大量采用空分、LNG领域的成熟货架产品,具有储氢密度高、储氢能耗低、系统建造成本低的优点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案,下面将对本申请实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例1提供的混合工质低温高压储氢系统的结构示意图。
图2为本申请实施例2提供的混合工质低温高压储氢系统的结构示意图。
图3为本申请实施例3提供的混合工质低温高压储氢系统的结构示意图。
图4为本申请实施例4提供的混合工质低温高压储氢系统的结构示意图。
图5为本申请实施例5提供的混合工质低温高压储氢系统的结构示意图。
图6为本申请实施例6提供的混合工质低温高压储氢系统的结构示意图。
图7为本申请实施例7提供的所述的低温高压储罐单元的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,旨在用于解释本申请,而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“上”、“下”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上,除非另有明确具体的限定。
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本申请进行进一步详细说明。
实施例1
请参阅图1,为本实施例1提供的一种混合工质低温高压储氢系统的结构示意图,包括:氢气增压单元(1)、混合工质制冷机单元(2)和低温高压储罐单元(3)。
所述的氢气增压单元(1)包括多级氢气压缩机(101)与后冷却器(102)。
可以理解,采用多级压缩机(101)可将低压原料氢气增压至10~100MPa。
所述的混合工质制冷机单元(2)包括混合工质制冷循环模块,所述的混合工质制冷循环模块包括依次设置的混合工质压缩机(201)、后冷却器(202)、回热器(203)和节流元件(204)。
本发明上述实施例1提供的混合工质低温高压储氢流程的工作方式如下:
混合工质被所述混合工质压缩机(201)压缩后进入所述后冷却器(202),再经所述后冷却器(202)冷却后进入所述回热器(203)并被低温低压混合工质冷却,然后经所述节流元件(204)降温降压后进入所述回热器(203),再经所述回热器(203)提供冷量后复温后返回所述混合工质压缩机(201)完成循环;
低压原料氢气经所述多级氢气压缩机(101)增压后进入所述后冷却器(102)冷却,形成的高压氢气进入所述混合工质制冷机单元(2);所述高压氢气在所述回热器(203)中被低温低压混合工质冷却至储氢温度(35~150K)以形成低温高压氢气,所述低温高压氢气进入所述低温高压储罐单元(3)存储。
在其中一些实施例中,所述低温高压储罐单元(3)包括壳体(301)、进口阀(302)、内胆(301)、出口阀(304)及和绝热结构(305),所述绝热结构(305)包裹所述内胆(301)外围,所述壳体(301)设置于所述绝热结构(305)的外围,所述进口阀(302)及出口阀(304)设置于所述壳体(301)上。
可以理解,所述低温高压氢气通过进口阀(302)进入所述低温高压储罐单元(3)存储。
本发明上述实施例1提供的混合工质低温高压储氢流程,采用混合工质节流制冷技术,对高压氢气进行分布式冷却,实现氢气低温高压致密化储存,且无需正仲氢转化,可大量采用空分、LNG领域的成熟货架产品,具有储氢密度高、储氢能耗低、系统建造成本低的优点。
实施例2
请参阅图2,为本实施例2提供的一种混合工质低温高压储氢系统的结构示意图,为方便说明,以下仅说明相关的附图。
与上述实施例1不同之处在于,本发明实施例2提供的所述混合工质制冷机单元2还包括预冷循环模块,预冷循环模块对所述高压氢气和混合工质进行预冷。
所述预冷循环模块包括预冷换热器(205)及预冷机组(206),所述预冷换热器(205)设置于所述后冷却器(202)和所述回热器(203)之间,所述混合工质和高压氢气在所述预冷换热器(205)中被预冷工质冷却,所述预冷机组(206)可对所述预冷换热器(205)提供冷源。
进一步地,所述预冷循环模块可采用蒸汽压缩制冷循环、吸收式制冷循环以及商用冷水机组等构型。
其他的工作方式可参照实施例1,这里不再赘述。
本发明上述实施例2提供的混合工质低温高压储氢流程,通过采用预冷循环,减少混合工质制冷循环组元种类,提高了系统适应较高环境温度的能力,并可降低高压氢气冷却的总能耗。
实施例3
请参阅图3,为本实施例3提供的一种混合工质低温高压储氢系统的结构示意图,为方便说明,以下仅说明相关的附图。
与上述实施例1或2不同之处在于,所述混合工质制冷机单元(2)还包括低温逆布雷顿循环模块,所述低温逆布雷顿循环模块包括低温级压缩机(211)、后冷却器(212)、逆布雷顿前级回热器(213)、逆布雷顿次级回热器(214)和膨胀机(215)。
所述低温逆布雷顿循环模块中的低温级工质经所述低温级压缩机(211)增压再经所述后冷却器(102)冷却后依次进入所述逆布雷顿前级回热器(213)和所述逆布雷顿次级回热器(214)并被低压低温级工质冷却进入所述膨胀机(215)降温降压,经降温降压后的低温级工质再依次经过所述逆布雷顿次级回热器(214)和所述逆布雷顿前级回热器(213)复温提供冷量后返回所述低温级压缩机(211)完成循环;
低压原料氢气依次经所述多级氢气压缩机(101)及所述后冷却器(102)形成的高压氢气在所述回热器(203)中被低温低压混合工质冷却至储氢温度以形成低温高压氢气,所述高压氢气经混合工质制冷循环冷却后进入所述逆布雷顿次级回热器(214)并被冷却至储氢温度后形成低温高压氢气,所述低温高压氢气进入所述低温高压储罐单元(3)。在其中一些实施例中,所述低温级工质采用氮气、氖气、氢气、氦气等其中一种或多种组成的混合物。
在其中一些实施例中,所述布雷顿次级回热器(214)还连接有附加冷却段(214a),以提高冷却性能。
进一步地,根据情况可设置若干预冷换热器(205),如图3中205a、205b和205c所示,上述设置于三个通道的预冷换热器(205)可分别用于预冷所述混合工质、所述低温级工质和所述高压氢气。
其他的工作方式可参照实施例1和实施例2,这里不再赘述。
本发明上述实施例3提供的混合工质低温高压储氢流程,利用低温级逆布雷顿循环进一步冷却高压氢气,提高储氢密度,弥补混合工质制冷技术在低温区性能的缺陷,并能保持较低储氢能耗。
实施例4
请参阅图4,为本实施例4提供的一种混合工质低温高压储氢系统的结构示意图,为方便说明,以下仅说明相关的附图。
与上述实施例3不同之处在于,低温逆布雷顿循环的逆布雷顿前级回热器(213)与混合工质制冷循环的回热器(203)集成为单个多流道换热器。
其他的工作方式可参照实施例4,这里不再赘述。
本发明上述实施例4提供的混合工质低温高压储氢流程,利用低温级逆布雷顿循环进一步冷却高压氢气,提高储氢密度,弥补混合工质制冷技术在低温区性能的缺陷,并能保持较低储氢能耗。
实施例5
请参阅图5,为本实施例5提供的一种混合工质低温高压储氢系统的结构示意图,为方便说明,以下仅说明相关的附图。
与上述实施例1至4不同之处在于,所述混合工质制冷机单元(2)还包括低温制冷机,所述低温制冷机包括制冷机本体(216)和冷头换热器(217);
低压原料氢气依次经所述多级氢气压缩机(101)及所述后冷却器(102)形成的高压氢气在所述回热器(203)中被低温低压混合工质冷却至储氢温度以形成低温高压氢气,所述低温高压氢气进入所述冷头换热器(217)并被冷却至储氢温度后再进入所述低温高压储罐单元(3)。
进一步地,根据情况可设置若干预冷换热器205,例如图中的205a和205c,上述设置于两个通道的预冷换热器205分别用于预冷所述混合工质和所述高压氢气。
其他的工作方式可参照实施例1,这里不再赘述。
本发明上述实施例5提供的混合工质低温高压储氢流程,利用低温制冷机进一步冷却高压氢气,提高储氢密度,弥补混合工质制冷技术在低温区性能的缺陷,并能保持较低储氢能耗。
实施例6
请参阅图6,为本发明实施例6提供的低温高压储罐单元示意图,为方便说明,以下仅说明相关的附图。
与上述实施例1至实施例5不同之处在于,低温高压储罐单元(3)还包括微型膨胀机(306)、冷却夹套(307)和用户端阀(308),所述冷却夹套(307)设置于所述内胆(301)与所述绝热结构(305)之间,所述冷却夹套(307)用于冷却所述内胆(303)及其中的低温高压氢气,所述冷却夹套(307)与内胆(301)之间导热良好;其中:
用户使用低温高压氢气时,所述低温高压氢气经所述出口阀(304)后进入所述微型膨胀机(306)降温降压形成低压氢气,所述低压氢气进入所述冷却夹套(307),所述冷却夹套(307)提供冷量用于冷却所述内胆(303)和其中的低温高压氢气,然后经所述用户端阀(308)输送至用户。
进一步地,可根据需要设置所述低压氢气的管路冷却绝热结构(305)。
其他的工作方式可参照实施例1,这里不再赘述。
本发明上述实施例6提供的混合工质低温高压储氢流程,利用微型膨胀机和冷却夹套回收低温高压氢气压力能和冷能,弥补储氢容器漏热造成的损失,延长氢气储存时间。
实施例7
请参阅图7,为本发明实施例7提供的低温高压储罐单元示意图,包括:氢气增压单元(1)、混合工质制冷机单元(2)和低温高压储罐单元(3),所述的氢气增压单元(1)包括多级氢气压缩机(101)与后冷却器(102),所述的混合工质制冷机单元(2)包括混合工质制冷循环模块,所述的混合工质制冷循环模块包括依次设置的混合工质压缩机(201)、后冷却器(202)、回热组合体(23)和节流元件(204);所述回热组合体(23)包括分离器(208)、中间级换热器(207)、液体节流元件(209)、混合器(210)及低温级换热器(203A)。
本发明上述实施例7提供的混合工质低温高压储氢系统的工作方式如下:
混合工质经所述混合工质压缩机(201)压缩后进入所述后冷却器(202),再经所述后冷却器(202)冷却形成高压混合工质后进入分离器(208)分离出气相高压混合工质和液相高压混合工质;
低压原料氢气经所述多级氢气压缩机(101)增压后进入所述后冷却器(102)冷却,形成的高压氢气进入所述混合工质制冷机单元(2);
所述气相高压混合工质与所述高压氢气依次在所述中间级换热器(207)、所述低温级换热器203A中被低温低压混合工质冷却,所述高压混合工质经节流元件(204)降压降温后形成低温低压混合工质返回所述中间级换热器(207)和所述低温级换热器(203A)提供冷量;包含润滑油的液相高压混合工质在所述中间级换热器(207)中被冷却后经所述液体节流元件(209)降压降温后在混合器(210)与低温低压混合工质汇合,避免进入低温端析出固体造成堵塞。
可以理解,所述分离器(208)、中间级换热器(207)、液体节流元件(209)、混合器(210)及低温级换热器(203A)形成的回热组合体(23)所起作用与实施例1和实施例2中所述混合工质制冷循环的回热器(203)等效,所述回热组合体(23)可串联设置多组形成多级分离循环构型。
在其中一些实施例中,所述混合工质制冷机单元(2)中的混合工质制冷循环采用一级分离循环构型。
在其中一些实施例中,所述混合工质制冷机单元(2)还包括预冷循环模块,所述预冷循环模块包括预冷换热器(205)及预冷机组(206),所述预冷换热器(205)设置于所述后冷却器(202)和所述回热器(203)之间,所述混合工质和高压氢气在所述预冷换热器(205)中被预冷工质冷却,所述预冷机组(206)可对所述预冷换热器(205)提供冷源。
进一步地,所述预冷循环模块可采用蒸汽压缩制冷循环、吸收式制冷循环以及商用冷水机组等构型。
其他的工作方式可参照上述实施例1至实施例6,这里不再赘述。
本发明上述实施例7提供的混合工质低温高压储氢流程,通过采用一级分离循环构型或多级分离循环构型,有效分离混合工质中的润滑油,避免其进入低温端析出固体造成堵塞,提高了系统可靠性。
以上仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已,仅具体描述了本申请的技术原理,这些描述只是为了解释本申请的原理,不能以任何方式解释为对本申请保护范围的限制。基于此处解释,凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进,及本领域的技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可联想到本申请的其他具体实施方式,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种混合工质低温高压储氢系统,其特征在于,包括:氢气增压单元(1)、混合工质制冷机单元(2)和低温高压储罐单元(3),所述的氢气增压单元(1)包括多级氢气压缩机(101)与后冷却器(102),所述的混合工质制冷机单元(2)包括混合工质制冷循环模块,所述的混合工质制冷循环模块包括依次设置的混合工质压缩机(201)、后冷却器(202)、回热器(203)和节流元件(204);所述低温高压储罐单元(3)包括壳体(301)、进口阀(302)、内胆(301)、出口阀(304)及和绝热结构(305),所述绝热结构(305)包裹所述内胆(301)外围,所述壳体(301)设置于所述绝热结构(305)的外围,所述进口阀(302)及出口阀(304)设置于所述壳体(301)上;
混合工质被所述混合工质压缩机(201)压缩后进入所述后冷却器(202),再经所述后冷却器(202)冷却后进入所述回热器(203)并被低温低压混合工质冷却,然后经所述节流元件(204)降温降压后进入所述回热器(203),再经所述回热器(203)提供冷量后复温后返回所述混合工质压缩机(201)完成循环;
低压原料氢气经所述多级氢气压缩机(101)增压后进入所述后冷却器(102)冷却,形成的高压氢气进入所述混合工质制冷机单元(2);所述高压氢气在所述回热器(203)中被低温低压混合工质冷却至储氢温度以形成低温高压氢气,所述低温高压氢气通过所述进口阀(302)进入所述低温高压储罐单元(3)的内胆(301)存储。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合工质低温高压储氢系统,其特征在于,所述混合工质制冷机单元(2)还包括预冷循环模块,所述预冷循环模块包括预冷换热器(205)及预冷机组(206),所述预冷换热器(205)设置于所述后冷却器(202)和所述回热器(203)之间,所述混合工质和高压氢气在所述预冷换热器(205)中被预冷工质冷却,所述预冷机组(206)可对所述预冷换热器(205)提供冷源;所述预冷循环模块可采用蒸汽压缩制冷循环、混合工质节流制冷循环、吸收式制冷循环、吸附式制冷循环以及商用冷水机组。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的混合工质低温高压储氢系统,其特征在于,所述混合工质制冷机单元(2)还包括低温逆布雷顿循环模块,所述低温逆布雷顿循环模块包括低温级压缩机(211)、后冷却器(212)、逆布雷顿前级回热器(213)、逆布雷顿次级回热器(214)和膨胀机(215);
所述低温逆布雷顿循环模块中的低温级工质经所述低温级压缩机(211)增压再经所述后冷却器(102)冷却后依次进入所述逆布雷顿前级回热器(213)和所述逆布雷顿次级回热器(214)并被低压低温级工质冷却进入所述膨胀机(215)降温降压,经降温降压后的低温级工质再依次经过所述逆布雷顿次级回热器(214)和所述逆布雷顿前级回热器(213)复温提供冷量后返回所述低温级压缩机(211)完成循环;
低压原料氢气依次经所述多级氢气压缩机(101)及所述后冷却器(102)形成的高压氢气在所述回热器(203)中被低温低压混合工质冷却至储氢温度以形成低温高压氢气,所述高压氢气经混合工质制冷循环冷却后进入所述逆布雷顿次级回热器(214)并被冷却至储氢温度后形成低温高压氢气,所述低温高压氢气进入所述低温高压储罐单元(3);
所述布雷顿次级回热器(214)还连接有附加冷却段(214a);所述低温逆布雷顿循环的逆布雷顿前级回热器(213)与所述回热器(203)集成为单个多流道换热器。
4.如权利要求3所述的混合工质低温高压储氢系统,其特征在于,所述低温级工质采用氮气、氖气、氢气、氦气等其中一种或多种组成的混合物。
5.如权利要求3所述的混合工质低温高压储氢系统,其特征在于,还包括若干预冷换热器(205),所述预冷换热器(205)可用于预冷所述混合工质、所述低温级工质和所述高压氢气。
6.如权利要求1所述的混合工质低温高压储氢系统,其特征在于,所述混合工质制冷机单元(2)还包括低温制冷机,所述低温制冷机包括制冷机本体(216)和冷头换热器(217);
低压原料氢气依次经所述多级氢气压缩机(101)及所述后冷却器(102)形成的高压氢气在所述回热器(203)中被低温低压混合工质冷却至储氢温度以形成低温高压氢气,所述低温高压氢气进入所述冷头换热器(217)并被冷却至储氢温度后再进入所述低温高压储罐单元(3)。
7.如权利要求6所述的混合工质低温高压储氢系统,其特征在于,所述制冷机本体(216)可采用但不限于斯特林制冷机、G-M制冷机、脉冲管制冷机、磁制冷机。
8.如权利要求7所述的混合工质低温高压储氢系统,其特征在于,所述低温高压储罐单元(3)还包括微型膨胀机(306)、冷却夹套(307)和用户端阀(308),所述冷却夹套(307)设置于所述内胆(301)与所述绝热结构(305)之间,所述冷却夹套(307)用于冷却所述内胆(303)及其中的低温高压氢气;
用户使用低温高压氢气时,所述低温高压氢气经所述出口阀(304)后进入所述微型膨胀机(306)降温降压形成低压氢气,所述低压氢气进入所述冷却夹套(307),所述冷却夹套(307)提供冷量用于冷却所述内胆(303)和其中的低温高压氢气,然后经所述用户端阀(308)输送至用户。
9.一种混合工质低温高压储氢系统,其特征在于,包括:氢气增压单元(1)、混合工质制冷机单元(2)和低温高压储罐单元(3),所述的氢气增压单元(1)包括多级氢气压缩机(101)与后冷却器(102),所述的混合工质制冷机单元(2)包括混合工质制冷循环模块,所述的混合工质制冷循环模块包括依次设置的混合工质压缩机(201)、后冷却器(202)、回热组合体(23)和节流元件(204);所述回热组合体(23)包括分离器(208)、中间级换热器(207)、液体节流元件(209)、混合器(210)及低温级换热器(203A);
混合工质经所述混合工质压缩机(201)压缩后进入所述后冷却器(202),再经所述后冷却器(202)冷却形成高压混合工质后进入分离器(208)分离出气相高压混合工质和液相高压混合工质;
低压原料氢气经所述多级氢气压缩机(101)增压后进入所述后冷却器(102)冷却,形成的高压氢气进入所述混合工质制冷机单元(2);
所述气相高压混合工质与所述高压氢气依次在所述中间级换热器(207)、所述低温级换热器203A中被低温低压混合工质冷却,所述高压混合工质经节流元件(204)降压降温后形成低温低压混合工质返回所述中间级换热器(207)和所述低温级换热器(203A)提供冷量;包含润滑油的液相高压混合工质在所述中间级换热器(207)中被冷却后经所述液体节流元件(209)降压降温后在混合器(210)与低温低压混合工质汇合;所述混合工质制冷机单元(2)还包括预冷循环模块,所述预冷循环模块包括预冷换热器(205)及预冷机组(206),所述预冷换热器(205)设置于所述后冷却器(202)和所述回热器(203)之间,所述混合工质和高压氢气在所述预冷换热器(205)中被预冷工质冷却,所述预冷机组(206)可对所述预冷换热器(205)提供冷源。
10.如权利要求9所述的混合工质低温高压储氢系统,其特征在于,所述混合工质制冷机单元(2)中的混合工质制冷循环采用一级分离循环构型。
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