CN116926584A - Water electrolysis hydrogen production method and PEM (proton exchange membrane) electrolytic tank - Google Patents
Water electrolysis hydrogen production method and PEM (proton exchange membrane) electrolytic tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN116926584A CN116926584A CN202310939250.0A CN202310939250A CN116926584A CN 116926584 A CN116926584 A CN 116926584A CN 202310939250 A CN202310939250 A CN 202310939250A CN 116926584 A CN116926584 A CN 116926584A
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- pem
- water
- anode
- cathode
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen production method by water electrolysis, which uses a PEM electrolytic tank to electrolyze water; the PEM electrolyzer comprises an anode chamber containing an anode, a cathode chamber containing a cathode, a proton exchange membrane dividing the anode chamber and the cathode chamber; the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: a water supply step of supplying water to the cathode chamber and a gas dilution step of supplying a dilution gas to the anode chamber. The invention can effectively prevent hydrogen from penetrating into the anode chamber, can reduce the hydrogen content in the gas of the anode chamber in a dilution way, is reliable in installation in the process of producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water, and can adopt a thinner proton exchange membrane so as to effectively improve the electrolysis efficiency. Correspondingly, the invention also discloses a PEM electrolytic tank for producing hydrogen by using the water electrolysis hydrogen production method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, in particular to a hydrogen production method by water electrolysis and a PEM (proton exchange membrane) electrolytic tank.
Background
As shown in fig. 1, in the PEM electrolyzer and the water electrolysis hydrogen production method in the prior art, during electrolysis, water is introduced into the anode electrolysis cell 12, part of the water is decomposed into oxygen and protons, the oxygen and the rest of the water are discharged out of the anode electrolysis cell 12, the protons pass through the proton exchange membrane 2 to reach the cathode electrolysis cell 11 to be reduced into hydrogen, and the hydrogen is discharged from the cathode electrolysis cell 11. In the above-mentioned manner of supplying water to the anode electrolysis cell 12 and discharging hydrogen from the cathode electrolysis cell 11 under high pressure, the potential safety hazard caused by too high content of hydrogen in oxygen in the anode electrolysis cell 12 due to permeation of high-pressure hydrogen in the cathode electrolysis cell 11 into the anode electrolysis cell 12 needs to be solved, a very thick proton exchange membrane 2 needs to be adopted for blocking, the internal impedance is increased due to the thicker proton exchange membrane 2, and the energy conversion efficiency of the electrolytic cell is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, a first object of the present invention is: the method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water can effectively prevent hydrogen from penetrating into the anode chamber, can reduce the hydrogen content in the gas of the anode chamber in a dilution mode, is reliable in installation in the process of producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water, and can adopt a thinner proton exchange membrane so as to effectively improve the electrolysis efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: a method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water, which uses a PEM electrolytic tank to electrolyze water; the PEM electrolyzer comprises an anode chamber containing an anode, a cathode chamber containing a cathode, a proton exchange membrane dividing the anode chamber and the cathode chamber; the method comprises the following steps:
a water supply step of supplying water to the cathode chamber and a gas dilution step of supplying a dilution gas to the anode chamber.
Further, in the gas dilution step, the mass of the dilution gas supplied to the anode chamber and the mass of the oxygen gas generated in the anode chamber are in a set ratio in a unit time.
Further, in the gas dilution step, oxygen and a dilution gas are mixed and discharged.
Further, the dilution gas is air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
The second object of the invention is: a PEM electrolyzer is provided to enable hydrogen production operations using the electrolyzed water hydrogen production method described above.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: a PEM electrolyzer comprising an anode chamber containing an anode, a cathode chamber containing a cathode, a proton exchange membrane dividing the anode and cathode chambers; the PEM electrolyzer also includes a water inlet channel for supplying water to the cathode chamber, a diluent gas inlet channel for supplying diluent gas to the anode chamber.
Further, the PEM electrolyzer also includes a hydrogen gas exhaust passage for outputting hydrogen gas generated at the cathode chamber.
Further, the PEM electrolyzer also includes a mixed gas vent passage for outputting a mixed gas of oxygen and diluent gas.
Further, the dilution gas is air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
Further, the PEM electrolyzer also includes a drain channel in communication with the cathode chamber.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
in the method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water, the method can effectively prevent hydrogen from penetrating into the anode chamber by supplying water to the cathode chamber and supplying dilution gas such as air to the anode chamber without high pressure for discharging hydrogen in the cathode chamber. On the other hand, even if part of hydrogen permeates into the anode chamber, the anode chamber is not required to be supplied with water, so that the anode chamber can be supplied with gas for dilution, the hydrogen content in the gas of the anode chamber is reduced in a dilution mode, the hydrogen production process by electrolysis of water is ensured to be reliably installed, and meanwhile, a thinner proton exchange membrane can be adopted, so that the electrolysis efficiency is effectively improved. On the basis of the above, the PEM electrolyzer of the invention also has the above-mentioned effects.
Drawings
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of an electrolytic cell in the background art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a PEM electrolyzer of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a cathode electrolysis cell; 12. an anodic electrolysis cell; 2. a proton exchange membrane; 31. a cathode chamber; 32. an anode chamber; 4. a water inlet channel; 5. a dilution gas inlet passage; 6. a hydrogen gas discharge passage; 7. and a mixed gas discharge passage.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making clear and defining the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a method for producing hydrogen from electrolyzed water using a PEM electrolyzer according to the present embodiment. The PEM electrolyzer includes a plurality of electrolysis cells. The electrolysis cell is the smallest unit capable of generating hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis of water. The main structure of the electrolysis cell is a conventional structure in the prior art, and specifically, the electrolysis cell comprises an anode chamber 32 for accommodating an anode, a cathode chamber 31 for accommodating a cathode, and a proton exchange membrane 2 for dividing the anode chamber 32 and the cathode chamber 31. The components or structures are all in the prior art, and the principle of hydrogen production by water electrolysis is also in the prior art, and the description is omitted. The anode chamber 32 and the cathode chamber 31 have the same functions and functions as the anode electrolysis cell 12 and the cathode electrolysis cell 1 in the prior art, and different names are used for convenience of distinction.
The method of the embodiment comprises the following procedures: a water supply step of supplying water to the cathode chamber 31 and a gas dilution step of supplying a dilution gas to the anode chamber 32. In this way, oxygen is generated in the anode chamber 32 and hydrogen is formed in the cathode chamber 31 throughout the water electrolysis operation, and the hydrogen in the cathode chamber 31 is discharged together with the remaining water.
In the gas dilution step, the diluted gas enters the anode chamber 32 to be mixed with oxygen, and the oxygen and the diluted gas are mixed to form a mixed gas, which is then discharged from the anode chamber 32. If some hydrogen permeates into the anode chamber 32, the hydrogen, oxygen and the diluent gas form a mixed gas, which is mixed and discharged out of the anode chamber 32.
In the gas dilution step, the mass of the dilution gas supplied to the anode chamber 32 and the mass of the oxygen gas generated in the anode chamber 32 are in a set ratio in a unit time. By detecting the oxygen content in the anode chamber 32 in real time, the rate of the diluent gas entering the anode chamber 32 is controlled, and the ratio of the oxygen to the diluent gas is further controlled, so that the dilution effect of the hydrogen entering the anode chamber 32 is further controlled, and the resource waste is not caused.
In this embodiment, the diluent gas is air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide, preferably air.
In the above-described method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water, by supplying water to the cathode chamber 31 and supplying a diluent gas such as air to the anode chamber 32, the hydrogen gas in the cathode chamber 31 is not discharged at a high pressure, so that permeation of the hydrogen gas into the anode chamber 32 can be effectively prevented. On the other hand, even if there is a part of hydrogen permeated into the anode chamber 32, since the anode chamber 32 is not supplied with water, the anode chamber 32 can be supplied with gas for dilution to reduce the hydrogen content in the gas of the anode chamber 32 by dilution, ensuring the installation reliability of the hydrogen production process by electrolysis of water, and at the same time, a thinner proton exchange membrane 2 can be used to effectively improve the electrolysis efficiency.
In correspondence to the above-described method for producing hydrogen from electrolyzed water, the foregoing PEM electrolyzer further comprises a water inlet passage 4 for supplying water to the cathode chamber 31, a diluent gas inlet passage 5 for supplying diluent gas to the anode chamber 32, a hydrogen gas outlet passage 6 for outputting hydrogen gas generated in the cathode chamber 31, a mixed gas outlet passage 7 for outputting a mixed gas of oxygen gas and diluent gas, and a water discharge passage communicating with the cathode chamber 31. The water remaining after electrolysis in the cathode chamber 31 is discharged through the drain passage. In the present embodiment, the drain passage and the hydrogen gas drain passage 6 may be combined to form one passage.
In hydrogen production using a PEM electrolyzer, water is supplied to the cathode chamber 31 through the water inlet channel 4 and the electrolytically formed hydrogen is discharged via the hydrogen discharge channel 6. In the electrolysis process, the diluting gas is introduced into the anode chamber 32 through the diluting gas inlet passage 5, and the diluting gas, oxygen, hydrogen and the like are mixed to form mixed gas, and then discharged from the mixed gas discharge passage 7.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes or direct or indirect application in other related arts are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water, which uses a PEM electrolytic tank to electrolyze water; the PEM electrolyzer comprises an anode chamber containing an anode, a cathode chamber containing a cathode, a proton exchange membrane dividing the anode chamber and the cathode chamber; the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a water supply step of supplying water to the cathode chamber and a gas dilution step of supplying a dilution gas to the anode chamber.
2. A method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water according to claim 1, wherein: in the gas dilution step, the mass of the dilution gas supplied to the anode chamber and the mass of the oxygen gas generated in the anode chamber are in a set ratio in a unit time.
3. A PEM electrolyser according to claim 1, wherein: in the gas dilution step, oxygen and a dilution gas are mixed and discharged.
4. A PEM electrolyser according to claim 1, wherein: the dilution gas is air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
5. A PEM electrolyzer comprising an anode chamber containing an anode, a cathode chamber containing a cathode, a proton exchange membrane dividing the anode and cathode chambers; the method is characterized in that: the PEM electrolyzer also includes a water inlet channel for supplying water to the cathode chamber, a diluent gas inlet channel for supplying diluent gas to the anode chamber.
6. A PEM electrolyser according to claim 5, wherein: the PEM electrolyzer also includes a hydrogen gas exhaust passage for outputting hydrogen gas generated at the cathode chamber.
7. A PEM electrolyser according to claim 5, wherein: the PEM electrolyzer also includes a mixed gas vent passage for outputting a mixed gas of oxygen and diluent gas.
8. A PEM electrolyser according to claim 5, wherein: the dilution gas is air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
9. A PEM electrolyser according to claim 5, wherein: the PEM electrolyzer also includes a drain channel in communication with the cathode chamber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310939250.0A CN116926584A (en) | 2023-07-28 | 2023-07-28 | Water electrolysis hydrogen production method and PEM (proton exchange membrane) electrolytic tank |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310939250.0A CN116926584A (en) | 2023-07-28 | 2023-07-28 | Water electrolysis hydrogen production method and PEM (proton exchange membrane) electrolytic tank |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116926584A true CN116926584A (en) | 2023-10-24 |
Family
ID=88384175
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310939250.0A Pending CN116926584A (en) | 2023-07-28 | 2023-07-28 | Water electrolysis hydrogen production method and PEM (proton exchange membrane) electrolytic tank |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116926584A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-07-28 CN CN202310939250.0A patent/CN116926584A/en active Pending
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