CN116926387B - Heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003336 CuNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018054 Ni-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018481 Ni—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001016 Ostwald ripening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008310 Si—Ge Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical group [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation, and particularly relates to a heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy comprises, by weight, 11-13% of Si, 1-1.2% of Cu, 1-1.2% of Mg, 1-1.2% of Ni, 0.18-0.2% of Cr, 0.08-0.1% of Ti and 0.2-1% of X, wherein X at least comprises two of Zr, ge and Sn, less than 1% of impurity elements and the balance of Al; the application has higher strength and heat resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation, and particularly relates to a heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aluminum as an important light metal material with a density of only 2.7 g/cm 3 And is the most abundant metal element in the crust. The aluminum or aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high strength, low melting point, strong corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity, good machining performance and the like, and is widely applied to aerospace, automobiles, ships, electronic components and daily necessities.
The automobile is light, and is an important measure for realizing energy conservation and emission reduction and improving the automobile performance. The engine is used as a core technology of an automobile power system, and the performance of the engine determines the overall performance of the automobile. Among them, the piston is called the central system of the fuel engine and is the key to the overall efficiency of the engine. The high temperature performance of the traditional cast aluminum alloy for the piston is close to the limit state, and the increasingly improved development requirement of the automobile engine cannot be met.
The cast Al-Si alloy has the advantages of good fluidity, small shrinkage, small hot cracking tendency, good mechanical property, physical property, cutting property and the like, and is a preferred material for manufacturing automobile engine parts such as pistons, cylinder blocks and the like. Cu and Mg elements can play roles of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening in the Al-Si alloy. However, according to the Ostwald ripening theory, high temperaturesLower main strengthening phase Mg 2 Si、Al 2 The Cu phase can generate unavoidable coarsening phenomenon, so that the high-temperature mechanical property of the alloy is rapidly reduced, and the high-temperature performance requirement of automobile parts cannot be met.
The transition group elements with lower solubility and smaller diffusion coefficient are added into the Al-Si alloy to form a disperse phase with better thermodynamic stability, and meanwhile, the multistage heat treatment process is combined, so that the realization of effective synergistic effect is an effective way for developing the high-strength high-temperature-resistant Al-Si alloy. For example, CN 110079711A discloses a heat-resistant high-pressure cast Al-Si-Ni-Cu aluminum alloy comprising the following elements in weight percent: 10.5 to 12.0 percent of Si, 2.0 to 5.0 percent of Ni, 2.0 to 4.0 percent of Cu, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of Mg, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of Cr, 0.01 to 0.04 percent of Sr, 0.3 to 0.6 percent of M, 0.1 to 05 percent of Fe and the balance of Al, wherein M is at least two elements of Ti, zr and V.
At present, research on Al-Si alloys for pistons capable of meeting high-temperature use conditions is still slow. With the vigorous development of the automobile industry, the requirements on the performance of the engine are continuously improved, and the development of piston materials which can adapt to a higher-power engine is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the technical problems of insufficient strength and heat resistance of the existing Al-Si alloy, and provides a heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the strength and heat resistance are improved.
The application provides a heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy which comprises, by weight, 11-13% of Si, 1-1.2% of Cu, 1-1.2% of Mg, 1-1.2% of Ni, 0.18-0.2% of Cr, 0.08-0.1% of Ti and 0.2-1% of X, wherein X at least comprises two of Zr, ge and Sn, less than 1% of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Preferably, in the X, the mass fraction of Zr is 0-0.5%, the mass fraction of Ge is 0-0.5% and the mass fraction of Sn is 0-0.5% based on the total amount of elements in the alloy. The alloy is required to contain at least two elements, and any two elements are not allowed to be 0 at the same time. Preferably a mixture of Zr and Ge, more preferably a weight ratio of Zr to Ge of 1:3.
Preferably, the impurity element includes Fe, and the mass percentage of Fe is less than 0.7%.
Preferably, the alloy comprises 12.5% by weight of Si, 1% by weight of Cu, 1% by weight of Mg, 1% by weight of Ni, 0.2% by weight of Cr, 0.1% by weight of Ti, 0.4% by weight of X, and the balance of Al.
The application provides a preparation method of a heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy, which comprises the following steps of pre-aging an alloy cast ingot, carrying out solution treatment, quenching and aging treatment to obtain the heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy; the preparation method of the alloy cast ingot comprises the steps of proportioning, smelting and casting according to the components of the heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy to obtain the alloy cast ingot.
The raw materials used in the alloy ingots of the present application are typically pure Al, pure Mg, al-Si, al-Cu, al-Ni, al-Cr, al-Ti, al-X alloys, such as Al-Zr, si-Ge, cu-Tn master alloys.
Preferably, the pre-ageing is to heat the alloy ingot to 100-200 ℃ and keep the temperature for a period of time (generally 2-4 h).
Preferably, the solution treatment is a three-stage solution treatment.
Preferably, the three-stage solution treatment is performed by solid-dissolving the pre-aged alloy ingot at 500 ℃ for a period of time (generally about 2 hours), heating to 510-520 ℃ and preserving heat for a period of time (generally 2-10 hours), and then heating to 530-545 ℃ and preserving heat for a period of time (generally 2-6 hours).
Preferably, the quenching mode is water quenching, and the temperature of water is 25-60 ℃.
Preferably, the aging treatment is three-stage aging, specifically, the aging treatment is performed by heat-preserving at 150-250 ℃ for a period of time (generally 1-4 h), then heat-preserving at 180-280 ℃ for a period of time (generally 2-8 h), and finally heat-preserving at 200-300 ℃ for a period of time (generally 3-12 h), and then cooling (preferably air cooling). Preferably at 160℃for a period of time, at 200℃for a period of time, and at 250℃for a period of time.
The application has the beneficial effects that the yield strength of the Al-Si alloy prepared by the application is more than 110 MPa at 350 ℃, the tensile strength is more than 140 MPa, the highest yield strength can reach 124MPa, the tensile strength can reach 146MPa, and the Al-Si alloy has better strength and heat resistance.
In the Al-Si alloy, si is taken as a main element, the temperature of the eutectic reaction of aluminum and silicon L- & gt alpha-Al+beta-Si is about 577 ℃, and the Si content at the eutectic point is 12.6 wt percent. The casting properties of the alloy were found to be best at near eutectic compositions with Si content, thus the optimum Si content was 12.5%. When the Si content is too high, a large amount of blocky primary crystal Si exists in the structure, a significant stress concentration fracture matrix is generated, and when the Si content is too low, for example, less than 12%, performance is reduced.
The Mg and Cu elements can play roles of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening in the Al-Si alloy, and when the Cu and Mg elements are added into the Al-Si alloy at the same time, Q-Al can be formed in the structure 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 6 And (3) phase (C). The Q phase needs longer time to be desolventized and separated out in the solid solution process, so that the peak aging time is longer, but the peak microhardness is higher. In the alloy of the present application, the mass ratio of Cu and Mg is set to 1:1. The choice of this ratio gives rise to multiple advantages. First, a Cu to Mg mass ratio of 1:1 ensures uniformity of the alloy, so that the alloy structure is more stable and the performance is consistent. Secondly, the proportion makes the alloy preparation and heat treatment easier to control, and improves the stability and controllability of the production process. In addition, the crystal grains of the alloy can be thinned by relatively increasing the content of Mg, the plasticity of the alloy is improved, and the elongation of the alloy at high temperature is improved. And the alloy can be added with more other strengthening phases, so that the high-temperature strength of the final finished product is improved. Therefore, overall a Cu to Mg mass ratio of 1:1 can effectively improve alloy strength and elongation.
Ni element is added into Al-Si alloy to form Al 3 Ni、Al 3 CuNi and Al 7 Cu 4 Ni is equal, and the improvement of the performance of the alloy Jin Gaowen has a great influence. However, the addition of too much Ni element greatly increases the cost of the material.
The Cr element is used as a transition group element, so that the maximum equilibrium solid solubility is low, and the diffusion rate is low. The addition of Cr element can form Chinese character shape and granular Al- (Mn, cr, fe) -Si and the like in the matrix, so that the influence of Fe impurity in the alloy is effectively reduced. Meanwhile, cr element may be aggregated with Cu-rich phase and Ni-rich phase in the structure to form a heat-resistant phase having a network structure.
The addition of trace Ti element can refine alpha-Al crystal grains in Al alloy. Ti element can generate L+Al- & gtAl in melt 3 Peritectic reaction of Ti to generate Al 3 Ti can serve as the core of the heterogeneous core of α -Al. Ti element can promote heterogeneous nucleation at a smaller supercooling degree, at this time, the grain growth rate and the crystal nucleus growth rate are both slower, the size of an as-cast structure is reduced, and the strong plasticity of the alloy can be improved.
The Zr element not only can improve the structure of the Al-Si alloy, but also can play a role in strengthening. The maximum solid solubility of Zr in the Al alloy equilibrium solidification process is 0.28 and wt percent, and Zr can be dissolved into an alpha-Al matrix in the solid solution treatment to form a solid solution. Metastable Al precipitated during aging 3 The Zr phase and the alpha-Al matrix keep good coherent relation, al 3 The Zr precipitated phase has stability at higher temperature, which is beneficial to improving the thermal stability of the alloy.
Ge. The Sn element is added into the aluminum-silicon alloy as the trace element, so that grains can be effectively refined, and finer grain structures can be formed, thereby improving the strength and plasticity of the alloy. Secondly, germanium forms a hardening phase in the alloy, such as an Al-Si-Ge hardening phase, further enhancing the strength and heat resistance of the alloy. In addition, the addition of tin can improve the thermal stability of the alloy, and is beneficial to maintaining stable structure and performance of the alloy under high temperature conditions. In conclusion, the addition of Ge and Sn significantly improves the performance of the aluminum-silicon high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy, so that the aluminum-silicon high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy shows more excellent strong plasticity and durability under high-temperature and high-stress environments.
The first stage solution treatment of the application is to make Mg with low melting point at lower temperature 2 Si and Q-Al 5 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 6 The phase dissolves into the matrix to avoid localized melting thereof at high temperatures; the second stage solution treatment is to solid-solution other intermetallic compounds into the matrix at a higher temperature, thereby obtaining the best solution treatment effect. The third-stage solution treatment is further increasedThe formation of strong solid solution phase refines grains and optimizes the microstructure of the alloy. This helps to improve the high temperature strength, heat resistance and ductility of the alloy, making it more suitable for engineering applications at high temperatures and under high stress conditions.
Precipitation strengthening in the aging treatment process of the application means that fine dispersed second phase particles precipitated in the heat treatment process of the alloy can interact with dislocation to generate strengthening effect. The precipitated phase not only can effectively block dislocation movement, but also can play a role in blocking dislocation movement by a strain stress field generated by the precipitated phase.
The application adopts special alloy components to carry out micro-alloying on the Al-Si alloy, and is matched with a corresponding multistage heat treatment process to obtain the heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an EPMA graph of an Al-Si alloy obtained in example 2 of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
An Al-Si alloy contains Si 12.5%, cu 1%, mg 1%, ni 1%, cr 0.2%, ti 0.1%, zr 0.1%, ge 0.1%, less than 1% of impurity elements, wherein the impurity Fe is 0.4%, and the balance is Al.
The method for preparing the Al-Si alloy comprises the following steps:
according to the element components in the Al-Si alloy, the loss in the smelting process is comprehensively considered, and raw materials of the components and a deslagging agent are prepared and proportioned.
The multi-stage heat treatment is carried out on the as-cast Al-Si alloy in the following specific modes,
pre-ageing, heating the alloy to 150 ℃ before solution treatment, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
three-stage solid solution treatment, namely solid solution treatment at 500 ℃ for 2h, heat preservation at 510 ℃ for 6h, heat preservation at 530 ℃ for 4 hours, and quenching in normal temperature water;
and (3) performing tertiary aging treatment, and preserving heat for 4 hours at 160 ℃. The temperature was kept at 200℃for 6 hours. The temperature is kept at 250 ℃ for 12 hours, and then air cooling is carried out.
Example 2
An Al-Si alloy contains Si 12.5%, cu 1%, mg 1%, ni 1%, cr 0.2%, ti 0.1%, zr 0.2%, ge 0.2%, less than 1% of impurity elements, wherein the impurity Fe is 0.4%, and the balance is Al.
The preparation method of the Al-Si alloy comprises the following steps:
according to the element components in the Al-Si alloy, the loss in the smelting process is comprehensively considered, and raw materials of the components and a deslagging agent are prepared and proportioned.
The multi-stage heat treatment is carried out on the as-cast Al-Si alloy in the following specific modes,
pre-ageing, heating the alloy to 150 ℃ before solution treatment, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
three-stage solid solution treatment, after solid solution treatment is carried out at 500 ℃ for 2h, heat preservation is carried out at 510 ℃ for 6h, heat preservation is carried out at 530 ℃ for 4 hours, and then quenching is carried out in water;
and (3) performing tertiary aging treatment, and preserving heat for 4 hours at 160 ℃. The temperature was kept at 200℃for 6 hours. The temperature is kept at 250 ℃ for 12 hours, and then air cooling is carried out.
Example 3
An Al-Si alloy contains Si 12.5%, cu 1%, mg 1%, ni 1%, cr 0.2%, ti 0.1%, zr 0.1%, ge 0.3%, less than 1% of impurity elements, wherein the impurity Fe is 0.4%, and the balance is Al.
The preparation method of the Al-Si alloy comprises the following steps:
according to the element components in the Al-Si alloy, the loss in the smelting process is comprehensively considered, and raw materials of the components and a deslagging agent are prepared and proportioned.
The multi-stage heat treatment is carried out on the as-cast Al-Si alloy in the following specific modes,
pre-ageing, heating the alloy to 150 ℃ before solution treatment, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
three-stage solid solution treatment, after solid solution treatment is carried out at 500 ℃ for 2h, heat preservation is carried out at 510 ℃ for 6h, heat preservation is carried out at 530 ℃ for 4 hours, and then quenching is carried out in water;
and (3) performing tertiary aging treatment, and preserving heat for 4 hours at 160 ℃. The temperature was kept at 200℃for 6 hours. The temperature is kept at 250 ℃ for 12 hours, and then air cooling is carried out.
Comparative example 1
An Al-Si alloy contains Si 12.5%, cu 1%, mg 1%, ni 1%, cr 0.2%, ti 0.1%, zr 0.2%, less than 1% of impurity element, wherein Fe impurity is 0.4%, and the balance is Al.
The preparation method is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
An Al-Si alloy contains Si 12.5%, cu 1%, mg 1%, ni 1%, cr 0.2%, ti 0.1%, zr 0.1%, ge 0.1%, less than 1% of impurity elements, wherein the impurity Fe is 0.4%, and the balance is Al.
The preparation method of the Al-Si alloy comprises the following steps:
according to the element components in the Al-Si alloy, the loss in the smelting process is comprehensively considered, and raw materials of the components and a deslagging agent are prepared and proportioned.
The multi-stage heat treatment is carried out on the as-cast Al-Si alloy in the following specific modes,
solution treatment, namely, firstly preserving heat at 500 ℃ for 2h, preserving heat at 540 ℃ for 4 hours, and then quenching in water at 60 ℃;
aging treatment, heat preservation for 4 hours at 180 ℃, and air cooling.
Comparative example 3
An Al-Si alloy contains Si 12.0%, cu 2%, mg 0.1%, ni 5%, cr 0.4%, ti 0.2%, zr 0.1%, ge 0.1%, less than 1% of impurity elements, wherein the impurity Fe is 0.4%, and the balance is Al.
The preparation method is the same as in example 1.
The mechanical properties of each example and each comparative example were examined, and the results obtained are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical properties test results of Al-Si alloys prepared in examples and comparative examples of the present application at different temperatures
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the discussion of any of the embodiments above is merely exemplary and is not intended to suggest that the scope of protection of the application is limited to these examples; the technical features of the above embodiments or in the different embodiments may also be combined within the idea of the application, the steps may be implemented in any order and there are many other variations of the different aspects of one or more embodiments of the application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
One or more embodiments of the present application are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the broad scope of the present application. Accordingly, any omissions, modifications, equivalents, improvements and others which are within the spirit and principles of the one or more embodiments of the application are intended to be included within the scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. The heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy is characterized by comprising, by weight, 12.5-13% of Si, 1-1.2% of Cu, 1-1.2% of Mg, 1-1.2% of Ni, 0.18-0.2% of Cr, 0.08-0.1% of Ti, 0.2-1% of X, less than 1% of impurity elements and the balance of Al; x is a mixture of Zr and Ge;
the preparation method of the heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy comprises the following steps of pre-aging an alloy cast ingot, carrying out solution treatment, quenching and aging treatment to obtain the heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy; the preparation method of the alloy cast ingot comprises the steps of proportioning according to the components of the heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy, smelting and casting to obtain the alloy cast ingot;
the solid solution treatment is three-stage solid solution treatment, wherein the three-stage solid solution treatment is carried out in a way that after pre-ageing alloy ingots are subjected to solid solution for 2 hours at 500 ℃, the temperature is raised to 510-520 ℃ and kept for 2-10 hours, and then the temperature is raised to 530-545 ℃ and kept for 2-6 hours;
the aging treatment is three-stage aging, specifically, the temperature is kept at 150-250 ℃ for 1-4 hours, then kept at 180-280 ℃ for 2-8 hours, and finally kept at 200-300 ℃ for 3-12 hours, and then cooled.
2. The heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy according to claim 1, wherein in said X, the mass fraction of Zr is 0.1 to 0.5% and the mass fraction of Ge is 0.1 to 0.5% based on the total amount of elements in the alloy.
3. The heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy according to claim 1, wherein the impurity element includes Fe, and the mass percentage of Fe is less than 0.7%.
4. The heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising, by weight, 12.5% Si, 1% Cu, 1% Mg, 1% Ni, 0.2% Cr, 0.1% Ti, 0.4% X, and the balance Al.
5. A method for producing a heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of pre-aging an alloy ingot, solution-treating, quenching and aging to obtain a heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy; the preparation method of the alloy cast ingot comprises the steps of proportioning, smelting and casting according to the components of the heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy to obtain the alloy cast ingot.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the pre-aging is to heat the alloy ingot to 100-200 ℃ and keep the temperature for 2-4 hours.
7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the solid solution treatment is three-stage solid solution treatment.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the three-stage solution treatment is performed by dissolving the pre-aged alloy ingot at 500 ℃ for 2 hours, heating to 510-520 ℃ for 2-10 hours, and then heating to 530-545 ℃ for 2-6 hours.
9. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the quenching is performed by water quenching at 25-60 ℃.
10. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the aging treatment is three-stage aging, specifically, heat preservation is performed at 150-250 ℃ for 1-4 hours, then heat preservation is performed at 180-280 ℃ for 2-8 hours, and finally heat preservation is performed at 200-300 ℃ for 3-12 hours, and then cooling is performed.
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