CN116925773A - Precipitation agent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Precipitation agent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116925773A CN116925773A CN202310053652.0A CN202310053652A CN116925773A CN 116925773 A CN116925773 A CN 116925773A CN 202310053652 A CN202310053652 A CN 202310053652A CN 116925773 A CN116925773 A CN 116925773A
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=CC=O)=C1OC FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- LWZFANDGMFTDAV-BURFUSLBSA-N [(2r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LWZFANDGMFTDAV-BURFUSLBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 acrylic acid acrylic ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940075507 glyceryl monostearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001788 mono and diglycerides of fatty acids Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- HDMGAZBPFLDBCX-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;sulfooxy sulfate Chemical compound [K+].OS(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O HDMGAZBPFLDBCX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dodecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950006451 sorbitan laurate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011067 sorbitan monolaureate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940048053 acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2103/00—Civil engineering use
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a precipitation agent, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of green treatment of engineering dregs, wherein the precipitation agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-10 parts of sodium acrylate monomer solution, 0.01-0.5 part of cross-linking agent, 0.1-5 parts of initiator, 0.5-35 parts of cellulose, 0.01-1 part of surfactant and 5-200 parts of attapulgite. According to the water reducing agent, the preparation method and the application thereof, the water reducing agent and the high-water-content engineering slag soil are uniformly mixed, so that the water content of the slag soil can be quickly reduced, the water reducing agent is convenient for outward transportation, and the formed gel body can bond soil particles, is easy to stack and cannot cause landslide. In addition, cellulose with better hydrophilicity is introduced for precipitation and water locking; the attapulgite is copolymerized with sodium polyacrylate, so that the material cost is reduced, the material stability is improved, and the precipitation function is not lost under the action of long-term stacking and external force.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of green treatment of engineering dregs, and particularly relates to a precipitation agent, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Along with the rapid promotion of urban construction in China, the construction of bored piles, slurry shields, underground continuous walls and the like is continuously increased, so that a large amount of waste mud, shield dregs and other high-water-content engineering dregs are generated, and the high-water-content engineering dregs as a byproduct of engineering construction also attract wide attention in various communities. The limited dregs receiving field at the present stage can not meet the engineering dregs generated by the track traffic, the old city reconstruction and the ubiquitous property development projects at all. Especially, most engineering dregs have high water content, are easy to leak, scatter and the like during transportation, generate dust, and seriously influence the appearance of the city. In the prior art, the following method is generally adopted to reduce the water content of engineering slag. Firstly, airing engineering dregs, and then transporting; secondly, cement and lime are added into engineering slag soil, and then transportation is carried out, so that the problems of long time consumption and low efficiency exist in the method used in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a precipitation agent, a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of leakage, sprinkling and easy landslide stacking of engineering dregs in the transportation process in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the water reducing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:
1-10 parts of sodium acrylate monomer solution, 0.01-0.1 part of cross-linking agent, 0.5-2.5 parts of initiator, 5-20 parts of cellulose, 0.01-1 part of surfactant and 5-20 parts of attapulgite.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by mass:
1 part of sodium acrylate monomer solution, 0.01-0.05 part of cross-linking agent, 0.1-0.5 part of initiator, 0.5-3.5 parts of cellulose, 0.01-0.1 part of surfactant and 5-20 parts of attapulgite.
Preferably, the cellulose is one or more of methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, polyanionic cellulose ether.
Preferably, the cross-linking agent is one or more of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, acrylic acid propylene ester, divinylbenzene and diisocyanate.
Preferably, the initiator is one of ammonium persulfate, cumene hydroperoxide, potassium persulfate and hydrogen persulfate.
Preferably, the surfactant is selected from one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan monooleate and glyceryl monostearate.
Preferably, the particle size of the attapulgite is 100-200 meshes.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the water reducing agent, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, slowly dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into acrylic acid in an ice water bath, wherein the neutralization degree is 40-90%, and stirring under the ice water bath to obtain a sodium acrylate monomer aqueous solution, wherein the neutralization reaction time is 1-8h;
step 2, mixing cellulose with distilled water, adding a surfactant in the process of heating and stirring, and heating at 60-80 ℃ until a transparent solution is obtained;
step 3, dropwise adding the acrylic acid salt monomer aqueous solution prepared in the step 1 into the transparent solution prepared in the step 2 under strong stirring, and adding a proper amount of cross-linking agent, attapulgite and initiator into the mixed solution after reacting for 1h, and uniformly stirring;
and step 4, centrifugally washing the precipitation agent prepared in the step 3 to be neutral, and then drying in vacuum and crushing into fine particles.
Preferably, the precipitation agent colloid in the step 4 is crushed into 5-10mm colloidal particles.
The application method of the precipitation agent is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, sampling a construction site, and testing the fluidity index of engineering dregs indoors; the fluidity testing method comprises the following steps: placing the test cylinder on a clean and smooth glass plate, wiping dust on the inner wall of the test cylinder (a cylinder with the inner diameter of 80mm and the height of 80 mm) and the surface of the plate by using a damp rag, filling the test cylinder with slurry which is just stirred uniformly, scraping the surface by using a scraper, wiping the wall of the test cylinder and the scattered matters on the plate surface, rapidly lifting the test cylinder, and measuring the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter of the spread mixture, wherein the average value of the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter is the fluidity index. Carrying out 2-3 times of parallel tests, and taking the average value as a final fluidity value;
step 2, determining the optimal mixing ratio of the precipitation agent materials through an indoor precipitation test (the fluidity of engineering slag soil after precipitation is 80mm as a precipitation completion evaluation standard);
step 3, measuring and estimating the amount of the dregs to be treated, and calculating the amount of the water reducing agent according to the indoor test result, wherein the material reserve coefficient is 1.05-1.1;
step 4, uniformly spreading the precipitation agent into the engineering slag soil, and stirring for 3-5min by using an excavator or other stirring equipment;
step 5, standing for 10-30min, wherein the precipitation agent fully absorbs water, and the soil body gels into clusters;
step 6, testing the fluidity of the engineering slag soil after precipitation, wherein the fluidity is less than or equal to 80mm, namely the engineering slag soil meets the outward transportation treatment standard;
and 7, loading and transporting to a storage field by using a muck truck.
The precipitation agent, the preparation method and the application thereof provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the precipitation agent, the preparation method and the application thereof are uniformly mixed with engineering slag soil, the water content of the slag soil can be quickly reduced, the external transportation is convenient, and the formed gel body can bond soil particles, is easy to stack and can not cause landslide. Introducing cellulose with better hydrophilicity to reduce water and lock water; the attapulgite is copolymerized with sodium polyacrylate, so that the material cost is reduced, the material stability is improved, and the precipitation function is not lost under the action of long-term stacking and external force.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a water reducing agent provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for using a water reducing agent according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a practical application diagram of a use method of a water reducing agent provided by an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 shows a first example of vegetation planting test (early plant growth) of soil after precipitation agent conditioning and untreated soil according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a second vegetation planting test (30 d plant growth) of soil after precipitation agent conditioning and untreated soil according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a description will now be given of a precipitation agent according to the present invention. The water reducing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:
1-10 parts of sodium acrylate monomer solution, 0.01-0.1 part of cross-linking agent, 0.5-2.5 parts of initiator, 5-20 parts of cellulose, 0.01-1 part of surfactant and 5-20 parts of attapulgite.
In this embodiment, the cellulose is one or more of methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and polyanionic cellulose ether.
In this embodiment, the crosslinking agent is one or more of N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide, acrylic ester, divinylbenzene, and diisocyanate.
In this embodiment, the initiator is one of ammonium persulfate, cumene hydroperoxide, potassium persulfate, and hydrogen persulfate.
In this embodiment, the surfactant is selected from one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan monooleate, and glyceryl monostearate.
In this example, the particle size of the attapulgite was 100-200 mesh.
In this example, sodium hydroxide and acrylic acid were used to prepare a sodium acrylate monomer solution. The concentration of sodium hydroxide is 25-35%.
The reaction equation is: CH (CH) 2 ＝CH-COOH+NaOH→CH 2 ＝CH-COOONa+H 2 O
Compared with the prior art, the precipitation agent provided by the invention is uniformly mixed with engineering dregs, can quickly reduce the water content of the dregs, is convenient for outward transportation, and can form gel body capable of binding soil particles, is easy to stack, and can not cause landslide when being stacked for a long time. Introducing cellulose with better hydrophilicity to reduce water and lock water; the attapulgite is copolymerized with sodium polyacrylate, so that the material cost is reduced, the material stability is improved, and the precipitation function is not lost under the action of long-term stacking and external force. The production cost of the water reducing agent can be effectively reduced by selecting the attapulgite. The sodium acrylate monomer solution, the cross-linking agent and the initiator can form a super absorbent material.
Example 1
The precipitation agent specifically comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of sodium acrylate monomer solution, 0.01 part of cross-linking agent, 10 parts of initiator, 10 parts of cellulose, 0.02 part of surfactant and 10 parts of attapulgite.
Example 2
The precipitation agent specifically comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of sodium acrylate monomer solution, 0.03 part of cross-linking agent, 1.6 parts of initiator, 10 parts of cellulose, 0.02 part of surfactant and 10 parts of attapulgite.
Example 3
The precipitation agent specifically comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of sodium acrylate monomer solution, 0.06 part of cross-linking agent, 1.6 parts of initiator, 10 parts of cellulose, 0.02 part of surfactant and 10 parts of attapulgite.
Example 4
The precipitation agent specifically comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of sodium acrylate monomer solution, 0.03 part of cross-linking agent, 1.6 parts of initiator, 5 parts of cellulose, 0.02 part of surfactant and 10 parts of attapulgite.
Example 5
The precipitation agent specifically comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of sodium acrylate monomer solution, 0.03 part of cross-linking agent, 1.6 parts of initiator, 10 parts of cellulose, 0.01 part of surfactant and 10 parts of attapulgite.
Example 6
The precipitation agent specifically comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of sodium acrylate monomer solution, 0.03 part of cross-linking agent, 1.6 parts of initiator, 20 parts of cellulose, 0.02 part of surfactant and 5 parts of attapulgite.
The liquid absorption capacity of the water-reducing agent prepared in examples 1 to 6 was measured. The testing method comprises the following steps: weighing mass of m 1 The dried precipitation agents are respectively added into 500mAnd (3) in deionized water and different metal salt solutions, after water absorption for 24 hours, filtering the solution to constant weight by using a screen with the pore size of 200 meshes, measuring the weight of the water reducing agent after imbibition, and calculating imbibition multiplying power according to the following formula:
wherein: q-imbibition rate, g/g;
m 2 -the weight of the precipitation agent after imbibition, g;
m 1 -weight of precipitation agent before pipetting, g.
As can be seen from examples 1 to 3 in the table, as the amount of the crosslinking agent increases, the liquid absorption capacity of the precipitation agent increases and then decreases. According to Flory gel imbibition theory, the consumption of the cross-linking agent is small, and the cross-linking density of the polymer is insufficient to form a three-dimensional network structure, so that the solubility of the water reducing agent in water is large, the proportion of the water reducing agent for absorbing water is small, and the imbibition rate is low; when the consumption of the cross-linking agent is too large, too many cross-linking points in the water reducing agent form a compact network structure, the network space capable of containing water is small, water molecules are difficult to enter the inside of the polymer network structure, and the imbibition multiplying power is reduced instead. As is clear from example 4, the liquid absorption ratio of the water-reducing agent tended to be larger and smaller as the amount of cellulose increased. This is because as the amount of cellulose increases, more cellulose skeleton is provided, so that the precipitation agent contains more hydrophilic groups, and the liquid absorption rate is increased. However, when the dosage of the cellulose is too large, too much hydrophilic monomer is grafted to the cellulose skeleton, so that the network structure of the dewatering agent is too compact, the grids are too small, the water is not easy to infiltrate, and the liquid absorption multiplying power is reduced. From example 5, it is clear that the surfactant has little effect on the liquid absorbing ability of the water reducing agent. As can be seen from example 6, with the increase of the attapulgite, the imbibition rate of the water-reducing agent is increased and then reduced, because in the polymerization process, the side branches of the polymer are fully utilized under the influence of static electricity on the polymer chain, a more effective water-absorbing network is formed, and the water-absorbing chain grows, so that the imbibition rate is enhanced, but the water-absorbing capacity of the attapulgite is far lower than that of the high-molecular water-reducing agent, and against the continuous increase of the dosage of the attapulgite, the grid points in the network structure of the water-reducing agent are greatly increased, which indicates that the crosslinking degree of the polymer is improved, the free chain length in the network is too short, and the imbibition rate is reduced.
In fig. 5, in order to verify the effect of the soil after the water-reducing agent improvement on the vegetation growth, the subject group adopts the soil after the water-reducing agent improvement and the untreated soil to perform a vegetation planting test, and the vegetation growth condition is observed. The soil doped with the water reducing agent is better than the early growth condition of untreated soil vegetation, the untreated soil vegetation withers due to lack of water and drought after 30 days, and the growth condition of the soil vegetation doped with the water reducing agent is still better. The water-reducing agent is used for forming hydrogel after absorbing water in soil, so that the volume of the water-reducing agent is expanded, the volume quality of the soil is reduced, the total porosity is improved, the soil is more loose, the preparation and the growth are facilitated, and meanwhile, the water-holding capacity of the soil is effectively improved, and vegetation death caused by rapid drought and water loss of the soil is avoided. The water reducing agent has remarkable effect in soil improvement, can provide a good water-retaining agent for bioengineering construction, and plays a key role in increasing ecological effects such as forestation survival rate, drought resistance, soil moisture conservation, water and soil conservation and the like.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the water reducing agent, referring to fig. 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
step S1, slowly dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into acrylic acid in an ice water bath, wherein the neutralization degree is 40-90%, and stirring under the ice water bath to obtain a sodium acrylate monomer aqueous solution, wherein the neutralization reaction time is 1-8h;
step S2, mixing cellulose with distilled water, adding a surfactant in the process of heating and stirring, and heating at 60-80 ℃ until a transparent solution is obtained;
step S3, dropwise adding the acrylate monomer aqueous solution prepared in the step S1 into the transparent solution prepared in the step S2 under strong stirring (stirring speed is 200-500 rpm/min), and adding a proper amount of cross-linking agent, attapulgite and initiator into the mixed solution for uniform stirring after reacting for 1 h;
and S4, centrifugally washing the precipitation agent prepared in the step S3 to be neutral, and then drying in vacuum and crushing into fine particles.
The precipitation agent colloid in the step S4 is crushed into 5-10mm colloidal particles.
The invention also provides application of the precipitation agent in reducing the water content of the engineering slag soil. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
step SS1, sampling a construction site, and testing the fluidity index of engineering slag soil indoors; the fluidity testing method comprises the following steps: placing the test cylinder on a clean and smooth glass plate, wiping dust on the inner wall of the test cylinder (a cylinder with the inner diameter of 80mm and the height of 80 mm) and the surface of the plate by using a damp rag, filling the test cylinder with slurry which is just stirred uniformly, scraping the surface by using a scraper, wiping the wall of the test cylinder and the scattered matters on the plate surface, rapidly lifting the test cylinder, and measuring the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter of the spread mixture, wherein the average value of the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter is the fluidity index. Carrying out 2-3 times of parallel tests, and taking the average value as a final fluidity value;
step SS2, determining the optimal mixing ratio of the rainfall agent material prepared in the embodiment 2 through an indoor rainfall test (the fluidity of engineering slag after rainfall is 80mm as a rainfall completion evaluation standard);
step SS3, estimating the amount of slag soil to be treated by measurement, and calculating the amount of the precipitation agent prepared in the example 2 according to the indoor test result, wherein the material reserve coefficient is 1.05-1.1;
step SS4, uniformly spreading the precipitation agent prepared in the embodiment 2 into engineering slag soil, and mixing for 3-5min by using an excavator or other stirring equipment;
step SS5, standing for 10-30min, wherein the precipitation agent fully absorbs water, and the soil body gel is agglomerated;
step SS6, testing the fluidity of engineering dregs after precipitation, wherein the fluidity is less than or equal to 80mm, namely the engineering dregs reach the outward transportation standard;
and step SS7, loading and transporting to a storage field by using a muck truck.
From the table, it is clear that the flow value of the engineering slag after precipitation treatment by the precipitation agent prepared in example 2 becomes 80mm and can stand on the table surface, which indicates that the fluidity is lost and the requirement of outward transportation is met.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The precipitation agent is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
1-10 parts of sodium acrylate monomer solution, 0.01-0.1 part of cross-linking agent, 0.5-2.5 parts of initiator, 5-20 parts of cellulose, 0.01-1 part of surfactant and 5-20 parts of attapulgite.
2. A precipitation agent according to claim 1, wherein: the cellulose is one or more of methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and polyanion cellulose ether.
3. A precipitation agent according to claim 1, wherein: the cross-linking agent is one or more of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, acrylic acid acrylic ester, divinylbenzene and diisocyanate.
4. A precipitation agent according to claim 1, wherein: the initiator is one of ammonium persulfate, cumene hydroperoxide, potassium persulfate and hydrogen persulfate.
5. A precipitation agent according to claim 1, wherein: the surfactant is selected from one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan monooleate and glyceryl monostearate.
6. A precipitation agent according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the attapulgite is 100-200 meshes.
7. The preparation method of the water reducing agent is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, slowly dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into acrylic acid in an ice water bath, wherein the neutralization degree is 40-90%, and stirring under the ice water bath to obtain a sodium acrylate monomer aqueous solution, wherein the neutralization reaction time is 1-8h;
step 2, mixing cellulose with distilled water, adding a surfactant in the process of heating and stirring, and heating at 60-80 ℃ until a transparent solution is obtained;
step 3, dropwise adding the acrylic acid salt monomer aqueous solution prepared in the step 1 into the transparent solution prepared in the step 2 under strong stirring, and adding a proper amount of cross-linking agent, attapulgite and initiator into the mixed solution after reacting for 1h, and uniformly stirring;
and step 4, centrifugally washing the precipitation agent prepared in the step 3 to be neutral, and then drying in vacuum and crushing into fine particles.
8. A method of preparing a precipitation agent according to claim 7, wherein: the precipitation agent colloid in the step 4 is crushed into 5-10mm colloidal particles.
9. The application method of the precipitation agent is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, sampling a construction site, and testing the fluidity index of engineering dregs indoors;
step 2, determining the optimal mixing ratio of the precipitation agent materials through an indoor precipitation test, and taking the engineering slag soil fluidity after precipitation as 80mm as a precipitation completion evaluation standard;
step 3, measuring and estimating the amount of engineering slag soil to be treated, and calculating the amount of water reducing agent according to the indoor test result, wherein the material reserve coefficient is 1.05-1.1;
step 4, uniformly spreading the precipitation agent into the engineering slag soil, and stirring for 3-5min by using an excavator or other stirring equipment;
step 5, standing for 10-30min, wherein the precipitation agent fully absorbs water, and the soil body gels into clusters;
step 6, testing the fluidity of the engineering slag soil after precipitation, wherein the fluidity is less than or equal to 80mm, namely the engineering slag soil meets the outward transportation treatment standard;
and 7, loading and transporting to a storage field by using a muck truck.
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