CN116921696A - Forming method for forming tungsten-based composite material based on laser 3D printing - Google Patents

Forming method for forming tungsten-based composite material based on laser 3D printing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116921696A
CN116921696A CN202310897401.0A CN202310897401A CN116921696A CN 116921696 A CN116921696 A CN 116921696A CN 202310897401 A CN202310897401 A CN 202310897401A CN 116921696 A CN116921696 A CN 116921696A
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China
Prior art keywords
tungsten
forming
laser
composite material
printing
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CN202310897401.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李虹波
魏申雨
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Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology of CAS
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Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology of CAS
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Priority to CN202310897401.0A priority Critical patent/CN116921696A/en
Publication of CN116921696A publication Critical patent/CN116921696A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/12Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/36Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80Data acquisition or data processing
    • B22F10/85Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention relates to a forming method for forming a tungsten-based composite material based on laser 3D printing, and belongs to the technical field of 3D printing. The method comprises the following steps: s1, mixing pure tungsten powder and nano lanthanum oxide powder to obtain mixed powder, wherein the mass fraction of lanthanum oxide in the mixed powder is 2%; and S2, carrying out laser 3D printing forming on the mixed powder to prepare a lanthanum oxide reinforced tungsten-based composite material sample. The invention can effectively reduce the defects of cracks and the like of the tungsten sample formed by laser 3D printing and improve the mechanical property of the tungsten sample. According to the invention, the W-2% La2O3 matrix is formed by using low energy density, so that the effects of preheating and reducing the concave depth of the substrate are achieved, and a tungsten sample with better density is obtained under the optimized laser 3D printing process parameters.

Description

Forming method for forming tungsten-based composite material based on laser 3D printing
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of 3D printing, and relates to a forming method for forming a tungsten-based composite material based on laser 3D printing.
Background
Tungsten is a rare metal with high melting point and high hardness, and is widely applied to the fields of medical treatment and military industry. Meanwhile, tungsten has good heat conductivity and neutron loading capacity and lower sputtering yield, and can be used as a plasma-oriented divertor material in future nuclear fusion equipment. However, tungsten itself is difficult to form due to its hard brittleness. The main processing modes at present are powder metallurgy and metal injection molding. These conventional machining methods are complicated in process and have many restrictions on the shape and size of the formed part.
Laser additive manufacturing technology, also known as laser 3d printing technology, is an emerging rapid prototyping technology. The technology is rapidly developed in the last decades, and the main implementation method is that firstly, a three-dimensional model is built by using computer aided design software, and a laser moving path is planned; and then taking laser as an energy source, melting and solidifying the metal powder according to the planned path, and stacking the metal powder layer by layer to form the three-dimensional solid part. Compared with the traditional processing mode, the method has the main advantages that: (1) Compared with the traditional cutting, grinding and other material reduction processing modes, the additive manufacturing method has the advantages that the material utilization rate is higher, little waste and even zero waste can be achieved, and (2) the integrated forming can be realized, so that a larger design imagination space is provided for a designer. (3) The forming link is simple, and a complicated process flow is not needed, so that the method is in place.
At present, laser additive manufacturing processes of metal materials such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, nickel alloy, stainless steel and the like are mature, and the laser additive manufacturing processes are widely applied to various fields such as aerospace, medical treatment, automobile manufacturing and the like. There are certain difficulties with laser additive manufacturing of tungsten materials, primarily due to the physical properties of tungsten itself. Because the tungsten itself has high ductile-brittle transition temperature (180-400 ℃) and shows brittleness, and simultaneously, great thermal stress is brought to the tungsten under the action of high-energy laser, the tungsten laser 3d printing sample is easy to generate defects such as cracks, and the mechanical property of the sample is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a forming method for forming a tungsten-based composite material based on laser 3D printing, which can effectively reduce the defects such as cracks of a tungsten sample formed by laser 3D printing, and improve the mechanical properties of the tungsten sample.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a forming method for forming a tungsten-based composite material based on laser 3D printing comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing pure tungsten powder and nano lanthanum oxide powder to obtain mixed powder;
s2, performing laser 3D printing forming by using the mixed powder.
Optionally, in step S1, the mass fraction of lanthanum oxide is 2%.
Optionally, step S11 is further included between step S1 and step S2, and the mixed powder is fully mixed.
Optionally, in step S11, the mixed powder is argon-shielded using a ball mill.
Optionally, step S2 includes preparing the substrate and preparing the entity.
Optionally, the molding parameters of the preparation matrix are: the laser power is 200W, the scanning speed is 250mm/s, the scanning interval is 80 mu m, the layer thickness is 5 mu m, and the substrate height is 1 mu m.
Optionally, the molding parameters of the preparation entity are: the laser power is 200W-240W, the scanning speed is 200mm/s, the scanning interval is 80 mu m, and the layer thickness is 25 mu m.
Optionally, argon atmosphere protection is used in the preparation process of the step S2, and the oxygen content is controlled below 0.5%.
Optionally, step S2 further includes: and establishing a matrix and entity three-dimensional model with the height of 1 mu m by using CAD software in a computer, and performing slicing layering and laser path planning by using 3D printing slicing software.
Optionally, the method further comprises step S3: and (3) polishing the sample obtained in the step (S2), cleaning to remove surface dirt, measuring the density by using an Archimedes drainage method, and calculating the density according to the theoretical density.
Optionally, in step S1, the particle size of the pure tungsten powder is in the range of 5-25 μm, the purity is above 99.9%, and the oxygen content is below 100 ppm; the average size of the lanthanum oxide nano particles is 50nm, and the purity is over 99.99 percent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the W-2% La2O3 matrix is formed by using low energy density, so that the effects of preheating and reducing the concave depth of the substrate are achieved, and a tungsten sample with better density is obtained under the optimized laser 3D printing process parameters.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in the following preferred detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a base, physical, substrate location;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a molded sample.
Reference numerals: a body 1, a base body 2 and a substrate 3.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic idea of the present invention by way of illustration, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to limit the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., that indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or suggesting that the referred device or element must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, so that the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that the specific meaning of the above terms may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Examples
The embodiment provides a laser 3D printing preparation method of a lanthanum oxide reinforced tungsten-based composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step one: weighing and mixing pure tungsten powder (5-25 mu m) and nano lanthanum oxide powder (50-100 nm), wherein the pure tungsten powder accounts for 98% of the mixed powder in mass percent, and the lanthanum oxide powder accounts for 2% of the mixed powder in mass percent.
Step two: placing the mixed powder into a ball mill for fully mixing, filling argon into a ball mill tank for protection in order to avoid oxidation of the powder in the mixing process, and simultaneously, not adding grinding balls in the mixing process for 2 hours in order to avoid damage to sphericity of tungsten powder to obtain W-2% La 2 O 3 The powder was stored in a vacuum atmosphere.
Step three: establishing a matrix and entity three-dimensional model with the height of 1 mu m by using CAD software in a computer, slicing and layering by using 3D printing slicing software, and planning a laser path (the model is shown in figure 1); the layer thickness was set to 25 μm; placing a stainless steel substrate 3 in the forming cavity, placing the powder obtained by mixing in the second step in a powder cylinder, and filling argon into the sealed forming cavity; layer-by-layer processing is performed according to the process parameters set by the software, the substrate 2 is set with laser power of 200W, scanning speed of 250mm/s, scanning interval of 80 μm and layer thickness of 25 μm, the entity 1 is set with laser power of 200W-240W, scanning speed of 200mm/s, scanning interval of 80 μm and layer thickness of 25 μm until the set forming height is reached (the sample is shown in FIG. 2).
Step four: polishing a sample obtained by laser 3D printing, cleaning to remove surface dirt, measuring the density of the sample by an Archimedes drainage method, and calculating the density of the sample according to the theoretical density.
Table 1 shows W-2% La prepared by laser 3D printing of the additive matrix 2 O 3 The average density of the composite material sample is 96.39% as can be seen from the table, and the forming window is larger.
TABLE 1 compactness of SLM samples under different Process parameters for bulk experiments after matrix addition
Comparative example
The embodiment provides a laser 3D printing preparation method of a lanthanum oxide reinforced tungsten-based composite material, which comprises the following steps:
establishing a three-dimensional model in a computer by utilizing CAD software, and slicing and layering by utilizing 3D printing slicing software, and planning a laser path; the layer thickness was set to 25 μm; placing a stainless steel substrate in a forming cavity, placing pure tungsten powder (particle size 5-25 mu m) in a powder cylinder, and filling argon into the sealed forming cavity; and (3) carrying out layer-by-layer processing according to the process parameters set by software, setting the laser power to be 200W-240W, the scanning speed to be 200mm/s, the scanning interval to be 80 mu m and the layer thickness to be 25 mu m until the set forming height is reached.
Step four: polishing a sample obtained by laser 3D printing, cleaning to remove surface dirt, measuring the density of the sample by an Archimedes drainage method, and calculating the density of the sample according to the theoretical density.
Table 2 shows W-2% La prepared by laser 3D printing without adding matrix 2 O 3 The average density of the composite material sample is 94.01% as can be seen from the table, and the forming window is smaller.
TABLE 2 Density of SLM samples without adding matrix blocks for different Process parameters
By combining the above examples, adding the matrix enlarges the forming process window of the entity, and the density of the entity is improved to some extent, the average density is improved from 94.01% to 96.39% (under the primary forming process window), and the density is improved to 2.38% as a whole, namely the laser 3D printing sample with higher density is obtained.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The forming method for forming the tungsten-based composite material based on laser 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, mixing pure tungsten powder and nano lanthanum oxide powder to obtain mixed powder;
s2, performing laser 3D printing forming by using the mixed powder.
2. The method for forming a tungsten-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the mass fraction of lanthanum oxide is 2%.
3. The method of forming a tungsten-based composite material according to claim 1, further comprising a step S11 of thoroughly mixing the mixed powder between the step S1 and the step S2.
4. A method of forming a tungsten-based composite material by laser 3D printing according to claim 3, wherein in step S11, the mixed powder is argon shielded using a ball mill.
5. The method of forming a tungsten-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein step S2 comprises preparing a matrix and preparing a solid body.
6. The method for forming a tungsten-based composite material according to claim 5, wherein the forming parameters for preparing the matrix are: the laser power is 200W, the scanning speed is 250mm/s, the scanning interval is 80 mu m, the layer thickness is 5 mu m, and the substrate height is 1 mu m.
7. The method of forming a tungsten-based composite material according to claim 5, wherein the forming parameters of the prepared body are: the laser power is 200W-240W, the scanning speed is 200mm/s, the scanning interval is 80 mu m, and the layer thickness is 25 mu m.
8. The method for forming a tungsten-based composite material based on laser 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen content is controlled to be less than 0.5% by using argon atmosphere protection in the preparation process of step S2.
9. The method of forming a tungsten-based composite material based on laser 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein step S2 further comprises: and establishing a matrix and entity three-dimensional model with the height of 1 mu m by using CAD software in a computer, and performing slicing layering and laser path planning by using 3D printing slicing software.
10. The method of forming a tungsten-based composite material based on laser 3D printing according to claim 1, further comprising step S3: and (3) polishing the sample obtained in the step (S2), cleaning to remove surface dirt, measuring the density by using an Archimedes drainage method, and calculating the density according to the theoretical density.
CN202310897401.0A 2023-07-20 2023-07-20 Forming method for forming tungsten-based composite material based on laser 3D printing Pending CN116921696A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117600494A (en) * 2024-01-24 2024-02-27 安庆瑞迈特科技有限公司 Printing method for improving corrosion resistance and strength of 3D printing collimator

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117600494A (en) * 2024-01-24 2024-02-27 安庆瑞迈特科技有限公司 Printing method for improving corrosion resistance and strength of 3D printing collimator
CN117600494B (en) * 2024-01-24 2024-04-02 安庆瑞迈特科技有限公司 Printing method for improving corrosion resistance and strength of 3D printing collimator

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