CN116918274A - Method, device and antenna system for estimating wave beam arrival angle - Google Patents
Method, device and antenna system for estimating wave beam arrival angle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本申请涉及移动通信技术领域,尤其涉及一种估计波束到达角的方法、装置和天线系统。The present application relates to the field of mobile communication technology, and in particular, to a method, device and antenna system for estimating the angle of arrival of a beam.
在天线系统的无线电定位或定向技术中,估计波束到达角(简称角度估计)是一项基本技术,即对天线阵列所接收到的信号进行处理,实现对信号的来源方向进行估计。天线系统的角度估计性能受限于天线阵列的口径,目前如果要提升角度估计精度,需要增加天线系统的物理复杂度,例如设计更多阵元或更大口径的天线阵列。In the radio positioning or directional technology of the antenna system, estimating the beam arrival angle (referred to as angle estimation) is a basic technology, which processes the signal received by the antenna array to estimate the source direction of the signal. The angle estimation performance of the antenna system is limited by the diameter of the antenna array. Currently, if you want to improve the angle estimation accuracy, you need to increase the physical complexity of the antenna system, such as designing more array elements or a larger diameter antenna array.
因此,如何在不增加天线系统的物理复杂度的基础上,提升天线系统的角度估计性能,是本申请要解决的技术问题。Therefore, how to improve the angle estimation performance of the antenna system without increasing the physical complexity of the antenna system is a technical problem to be solved by this application.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请提供一种估计波束到达角的方法、装置和天线系统,用以在不增加天线系统的物理复杂度的基础上,提升天线系统的角度估计性能。This application provides a method, device and antenna system for estimating the angle of arrival of a beam, so as to improve the angle estimation performance of the antenna system without increasing the physical complexity of the antenna system.
第一方面,提供一种估计波束到达角的方法,该方法可以应用于基带处理单元BBU或者为BBU中的芯片。以该方法可以应用于BBU为例,方法包括:基于至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列构造一组非均匀的线性虚拟天线阵列,虚拟天线阵列满足远场假设条件;根据至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列中各组天线阵列之间的相对位置信息、以及各组天线阵列的接收信号模型,建立虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型;采用空间超分辨率角度估计算法,基于虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型估计虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角。The first aspect provides a method for estimating the angle of arrival of a beam, which method can be applied to the baseband processing unit BBU or a chip in the BBU. Taking the method that can be applied to BBU as an example, the method includes: constructing a set of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays based on at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays, and the virtual antenna array satisfies the far-field assumption conditions; based on at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays The relative position information between each group of antenna arrays in the array and the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays are used to establish the received signal model of the virtual antenna array; the spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm is used to estimate the received signal model based on the virtual antenna array. The beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array.
本申请实施例基于至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列构造一组非均匀的线性虚拟天线阵列,该构造过程并不对天线阵列的物理结构进行任何实际改动,只是对至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列的接收信号进行联合处理,进而获得逼近与虚拟天线阵列同孔径的理想阵列的角度估计性能,可实现在不增加天线系统的物理复杂度的基础上,提升天线系统的角度估计性能。The embodiment of the present application constructs a set of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays based on at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays. This construction process does not make any actual changes to the physical structure of the antenna array, but only changes the physical structure of the at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays. The received signals are jointly processed to obtain angle estimation performance that approximates an ideal array with the same aperture as the virtual antenna array. This can improve the angle estimation performance of the antenna system without increasing the physical complexity of the antenna system.
一种可能的设计中,BBU建立虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型可以包括:根据至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列的相对位置信息,确定各组天线阵列的波束到达角关系和相位关系;根据相位关系和波束到达角关系改写每组天线阵列的接收信号模型,使每组天线阵列的接收信号模型中的因变量通过虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角来表示,和使每组天线阵列的接收信号模型中每个阵元的接收矢量以第一阵元的接收矢量为基准来表示,其中第一阵元为至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列中的任一阵元;基于改写后的各组天线阵列的接收信号模型确定虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型。In one possible design, the BBU establishing the received signal model of the virtual antenna array may include: determining the beam arrival angle relationship and phase relationship of each group of antenna arrays based on the relative position information of at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays; Rewrite the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays with the relationship between The reception vector of each array element is expressed based on the reception vector of the first array element, where the first array element is any element in at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays; based on the rewritten reception vector of each set of antenna arrays The signal model determines the received signal model of the virtual antenna array.
本申请实施例在改写每组天线阵列的接收信号模型时,使每组天线阵列的接收信号模型中的因变量通过虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角来表示,和使每组天线阵列的接收信号模型中每个阵元的接收矢量以第一阵元的接收矢量为基准来表示,进而可以基于改写后各组天线阵列的接收信号模型堆叠出虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型。实现简单、可靠性高。When rewriting the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays, the embodiment of the present application makes the dependent variable in the received signal model of each group of antenna array represented by the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array, and makes the received signal model of each group of antenna array The reception vector of each array element in is expressed based on the reception vector of the first array element, and then the reception signal model of the virtual antenna array can be stacked based on the rewritten reception signal model of each group of antenna arrays. Simple implementation and high reliability.
下面以至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列由第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列组成为例:The following takes at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays consisting of a first antenna array and a second antenna array as an example:
一种可能的设计中,至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列的相对位置信息包括:第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列中的阵元间隔d为半波长λ/2,其中λ为波长,第一天线阵列的阵元数量为2N+1,第二天线阵列的阵元数量为2M+1,第一天线阵列的中心点O 1与第二天线阵列的中心点O 2的距离为K(λ/2),O 1与O 2的连线与第一天线阵列的径向方向的夹角为ф 1,O 1与O 2的连线与第二天线阵列的径向方向的夹角为ф 2; In a possible design, the relative position information of at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays includes: the array element spacing d in the first antenna array and the second antenna array is half a wavelength λ/2, where λ is the wavelength, and the first The number of elements of the antenna array is 2N+1, the number of elements of the second antenna array is 2M+1, and the distance between the center point O 1 of the first antenna array and the center point O 2 of the second antenna array is K (λ/ 2), the angle between the line connecting O 1 and O 2 and the radial direction of the first antenna array is ф 1 , and the angle between the line connecting O 1 and O 2 and the radial direction of the second antenna array is ф 2 ;
第一天线阵列在Q个符号周期内以第一阵元为基准点的接收信号模型为:The received signal model of the first antenna array with the first array element as the reference point within Q symbol periods is:
Y 1=A 1S+W 1; Y 1 =A 1 S+W 1 ;
第二天线阵列在前q个符号周期内以第一阵元为基准点的接收信号模型为:The received signal model of the second antenna array with the first array element as the reference point in the first q symbol periods is:
Y 2=A 2S+W 2; Y 2 =A 2 S+W 2 ;
其中,Y 1=[Y 11,Y 12,…,Y 1Q],Y 2=[Y 21,Y 22,…,Y 2Q,],为接收矩阵; Among them, Y 1 =[Y 11 ,Y 12 ,…,Y 1Q ], Y 2 =[Y 21 ,Y 22 ,…,Y 2Q ,], are the receiving matrices;
Y 1q=[y 11(q),y 12(q),…,y 1,2N+1(q)] T,Y 2q=[y 21(q),y 22(q),…,y 2,2M+1(q)] T,为第q个符号周期内的接收矢量,T表示转置运算; Y 1q =[y 11 (q),y 12 (q),…,y 1,2N+1 (q)] T ,Y 2q =[y 21 (q),y 22 (q),…,y 2 ,2M+1 (q)] T , is the received vector in the q-th symbol period, and T represents the transpose operation;
为导引矢量;其中θ 1为第一天线阵列的波束达到角,θ 2为第二天线阵列的波束达到角; is the steering vector; where θ 1 is the beam arrival angle of the first antenna array, θ 2 is the beam arrival angle of the second antenna array;
S=[S 1,S 2,…,S Q],为Q个导频符号构成的训练序列矢量; S=[S 1 , S 2 ,..., S Q ], which is a training sequence vector composed of Q pilot symbols;
W 1=[W 11W 12,…,W 1Q],W 2=[W 21W 22,…,W 2Q],为噪声矩阵; W 1 = [W 11 W 12 ,…, W 1Q ], W 2 = [W 21 W 22 ,…, W 2Q ], which are noise matrices;
W 1q=[W 11(q),W 12(q),…,W 1,2N+1(q)] T; W 1q = [W 11 (q), W 12 (q),…, W 1,2N+1 (q)] T ;
W 2q=[W 21(q),W 22(q),…,W 2,2M+1(q)] T; W 2q = [W 21 (q), W 22 (q),…, W 2,2M+1 (q)] T ;
W 1q、W 2q为第q个符号周期的噪声矢量; W 1q and W 2q are the noise vectors of the q-th symbol period;
虚拟天线阵列的阵元为第一天线阵列、第二天线阵列的阵元,虚拟天线阵列的中心为O 1、O 2连线的中点; The array elements of the virtual antenna array are the array elements of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, and the center of the virtual antenna array is the midpoint of the line connecting O 1 and O 2 ;
根据各组天线阵列之间的相对位置信息确定的各组天线阵列的波束到达角关系,包括:The beam arrival angle relationship of each group of antenna arrays determined based on the relative position information between each group of antenna arrays includes:
θ 1=φ 1+θ; (1) θ 1 =φ 1 +θ; (1)
θ 2=φ 2-θ; (2) θ 2 =φ 2 -θ; (2)
其中,θ为虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角;Among them, θ is the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array;
根据相位关系和波束到达角关系改写每组天线阵列的接收信号模型,包括:Rewrite the received signal model of each antenna array based on the phase relationship and beam arrival angle relationship, including:
第一天线阵列的第n个阵元在第q个符号周期内以第一天线阵列的第一个阵元为参考点的接收信号为:The received signal of the n-th element of the first antenna array in the q-th symbol period with the first element of the first antenna array as the reference point is:
以第一天线阵列的中心点O 1位置为参考点,根据公式(1),将第一天线阵列的第n个阵元在第q个符号周期内的接收信号改写为: Taking the center point O 1 of the first antenna array as the reference point, according to formula (1), the received signal of the n-th element of the first antenna array in the q-th symbol period is rewritten as:
其中,n=1,2,…,2N+1。Among them, n=1, 2, ..., 2N+1.
第二天线阵列的第m个阵元在第q个符号周期内以第二天线阵列的第一个阵元为参考点的接收信号为:The received signal of the m-th element of the second antenna array in the q-th symbol period with the first element of the second antenna array as the reference point is:
以第二天线阵列的中心点O 2位置为参考点,根据公式(2)将第二天线阵列的第m个阵元在第q个符号周期内的接收信号改写为: Taking the center point O 2 of the second antenna array as the reference point, according to formula (2), the received signal of the m-th element of the second antenna array in the q-th symbol period is rewritten as:
以第一天线阵元的中心点O 1位置为参考点,根据公式(1)(2)以及O 2与O 1的距离K(λ/2),将第二天线阵列的第m个阵元在第q个符号周期内的接收信号改写为: Taking the center point O 1 of the first antenna element as the reference point, according to formulas (1) (2) and the distance K (λ/2) between O 2 and O 1 , the m-th array element of the second antenna array is The received signal in the q-th symbol period is rewritten as:
其中,m=1,2,…,2M+1;Among them, m=1, 2,...,2M+1;
基于改写后的各组天线阵列的接收信号模型确定虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型,包括:The received signal model of the virtual antenna array is determined based on the rewritten received signal model of each group of antenna arrays, including:
根据公式(4)、(7),将虚拟天线阵列的接收信号堆积为(2N+2M+2)×Q维的矩阵,得到虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型为:According to formulas (4) and (7), the received signals of the virtual antenna array are stacked into a (2N+2M+2)×Q-dimensional matrix, and the received signal model of the virtual antenna array is obtained:
Y=[y(1),y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W;Y=[y(1), y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W;
其中, in,
另一种可能的设计中,至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列由第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列组成;In another possible design, at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays are composed of a first antenna array and a second antenna array;
至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列的相对位置信息包括:第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列中的阵元间隔d为半波长λ/2,其中λ为波长,第一天线阵列的阵元数量为2N+1,第二天线阵列的阵元数量为2M+1,第一天线阵列的中心点O 1与第二天线阵列的中心点O 2的距离为K(λ/2),O 1与O 2的连线与第一天线阵列的径向方向的夹角为ф 1,O 1与O 2的连线与第二天线阵列的径向方向的夹角为ф 2; The relative position information of at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays includes: the array element spacing d in the first antenna array and the second antenna array is half a wavelength λ/2, where λ is the wavelength, and the number of array elements in the first antenna array is 2N+1, the number of elements of the second antenna array is 2M+1, the distance between the center point O 1 of the first antenna array and the center point O 2 of the second antenna array is K (λ/2), O 1 and O The angle between the line connecting 2 and the radial direction of the first antenna array is ф 1 , and the angle between the line connecting O 1 and O 2 and the radial direction of the second antenna array is ф 2 ;
第一天线阵列在前q个符号周期内的接收信号模型为:The received signal model of the first antenna array in the first q symbol periods is:
Y 1=A 1S+W 1; Y 1 =A 1 S+W 1 ;
第二天线阵列在前q个符号周期内的接收信号模型为:The received signal model of the second antenna array in the first q symbol periods is:
Y 2=A 2S+W 2; Y 2 =A 2 S+W 2 ;
其中,Y 1=[Y 11,Y 12,…,Y 1Q],Y 2=[Y 21,Y 22,…,Y 2Q,],为接收矩阵; Among them, Y 1 =[Y 11 ,Y 12 ,…,Y 1Q ], Y 2 =[Y 21 ,Y 22 ,…,Y 2Q ,], are the receiving matrices;
Y 1q=[y 11(q),y 12(q),…,y 1,2N+1(q)] T,Y 2q=[y 21(q),y 22(q),…,y 2,2M+1(q)] T,为第q个符号周期内的接收矢量,T表示转置运算; Y 1q =[y 11 (q),y 12 (q),…,y 1,2N+1 (q)] T ,Y 2q =[y 21 (q),y 22 (q),…,y 2 ,2M+1 (q)] T , is the received vector in the q-th symbol period, and T represents the transpose operation;
为导引矢量;其中θ 1为第一天线阵列的波束达到角,θ 2为第二天线阵列的波束达到角; is the steering vector; where θ 1 is the beam arrival angle of the first antenna array, θ 2 is the beam arrival angle of the second antenna array;
S=[S 1,S 2,…,S Q],为Q个导频符号构成的训练序列矢量; S=[S 1 , S 2 ,..., S Q ], which is a training sequence vector composed of Q pilot symbols;
W 1=[W 11W 12,…,W 1Q],W 2=[W 21W 22,…,W 2Q],为噪声矩阵; W 1 = [W 11 W 12 ,…, W 1Q ], W 2 = [W 21 W 22 ,…, W 2Q ], which are noise matrices;
W 1q=[W 11(q),W 12(q),…,W 1,2N+1(q)] T; W 1q = [W 11 (q), W 12 (q),…, W 1,2N+1 (q)] T ;
W 2q=[W 21(q),W 22(q),…,W 2,2M+1(q)] T; W 2q = [W 21 (q), W 22 (q),…, W 2,2M+1 (q)] T ;
W 1q、W 2q为第q个符号周期的噪声矢量; W 1q and W 2q are the noise vectors of the q-th symbol period;
虚拟天线阵列的阵元为第一天线阵列、第二天线阵列的阵元,虚拟天线阵列的中心为O 1、O 2连线的中点; The array elements of the virtual antenna array are the array elements of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, and the center of the virtual antenna array is the midpoint of the line connecting O 1 and O 2 ;
虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型为:The received signal model of the virtual antenna array is:
Y=[y(1),y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W;Y=[y(1), y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W;
其中, in,
第q个符号周期内虚拟天线阵列中各阵元以第一天线阵列的中心点O 1为参考点的接收信号满足以下关系: In the q-th symbol period, the received signals of each array element in the virtual antenna array with the center point O 1 of the first antenna array as the reference point satisfy the following relationship:
其中,θ 1=φ 1+θ,θ 2=φ 2-θ;n=1,2,…,2N+1;m=1,2,…,2M+1;θ为虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角。 Among them, θ 1 =φ 1 +θ, θ 2 =φ 2 -θ; n = 1, 2,..., 2N+1; m = 1, 2,..., 2M+1; θ is the beam arrival of the virtual antenna array horn.
上述两种设计,采用两组均匀线性的天线阵列构建虚拟天线阵列,实现简单,可靠性高。The above two designs use two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays to construct a virtual antenna array, which is simple to implement and has high reliability.
一种可能的设计中,BBU在基于虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型估计虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角之前,还可以基于至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列中每组天线阵列的接收信号模型计算每组天线阵列的波束到达角的初始估计值;然后根据各组天线阵列的波束到达角的初始估计值确定空间超分辨率角度估计算法的搜索范围。In one possible design, before the BBU estimates the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array, the BBU can also calculate each group based on the received signal model of each of at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays. The initial estimate of the beam arrival angle of the antenna array; then determine the search range of the spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm based on the initial estimate of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays.
例如,搜索范围可以为:For example, the search scope could be:
其中, 为第一天线阵列的波束到达角的初始估计值, 为第二天线阵列的波束到达角的初始估计值,Δ为预设值。 in, is the initial estimate of the beam arrival angle of the first antenna array, is the initial estimated value of the beam arrival angle of the second antenna array, and Δ is the preset value.
如此,可以减小BBU在估计虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角时所使用的空间超分辨率角度估计算法的搜索范围,进一步提高角度估计的精度和效率。In this way, the search range of the spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm used by the BBU when estimating the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array can be reduced, and the accuracy and efficiency of angle estimation can be further improved.
一种可能的设计中,Δ与信噪比反相关。换而言之,信噪比越高,Δ越小,信噪比越低,Δ越高。In one possible design, Δ is inversely related to the signal-to-noise ratio. In other words, the higher the signal-to-noise ratio, the smaller Δ, and the lower the signal-to-noise ratio, the higher Δ.
如此,可进一步提高角度估计的精度。In this way, the accuracy of angle estimation can be further improved.
一种可能的设计中,BBU在使用空间超分辨率角度估计算法,基于虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型估计虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角之后,还可以根据虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角更新每组天线阵列的波束到达角的初始终估计值,得到每组天线阵列的波束到达角的最终估计值。In one possible design, the BBU uses a spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm to estimate the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array, and then updates each group of antennas based on the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array. The initial estimate of the beam arrival angle of the array is used to obtain the final estimate of the beam arrival angle of each antenna array.
如此,可以提升各个天线阵列的角度估计精度。In this way, the angle estimation accuracy of each antenna array can be improved.
第二方面,提供一种估计波束到达角的装置,该装置例如为BBU,或者为BBU中的芯片。该装置包括用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面任一种可能的设计中所述的方法的模块/单元。The second aspect provides a device for estimating the angle of arrival of a beam. The device is, for example, a BBU, or a chip in the BBU. The device includes a module/unit for performing the method described in the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect.
示例性的,该装置可以包括:构建模块,用于基于至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列构造一组非均匀线性的虚拟天线阵列;根据至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列中各组天线阵列之间的相对位置信息、各组天线阵列的接收信号模型,建立虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型;估计模块,用于采用空间超分辨率角度估计算法,基于虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型估计虚 拟天线阵列的波束到达角。Exemplarily, the device may include: a building module configured to construct a set of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays based on at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays; and based on at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays. The relative position information and the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays are used to establish the received signal model of the virtual antenna array; the estimation module is used to use the spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm to estimate the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array. Beam arrival angle.
第三方面,提供一种天线系统,包括:至少两个射频拉远单元,每个射频拉远单元包括一组均匀线性的天线阵列,射频拉远单元用于接收无线信号;基带处理单元,与至少两个射频拉远单元通信连接,基带处理单元用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面任一种可能的设计中所述的方法。例如,基带处理单元可以用于:基于至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列构造一组非均匀线性的虚拟天线阵列,虚拟天线阵列满足远场假设条件;根据至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列中各组天线阵列之间的相对位置信息、各组天线阵列的接收信号模型,建立虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型;采用空间超分辨率角度估计算法,基于虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型估计虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角。In a third aspect, an antenna system is provided, including: at least two radio frequency remote units, each radio frequency remote unit includes a set of uniform linear antenna arrays, the radio frequency remote unit is used to receive wireless signals; a baseband processing unit, and At least two radio frequency remote units are communicatively connected, and the baseband processing unit is configured to perform the method described in the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect. For example, the baseband processing unit can be used to: construct a set of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays based on at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays, and the virtual antenna array satisfies far-field assumptions; and construct a set of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays based on at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays. The relative position information between antenna arrays and the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays are used to establish the received signal model of the virtual antenna array; a spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm is used to estimate the beam of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array. Arrival at the corner.
第四方面,提供一种通信装置,包括处理器和存储器;存储器用于存储计算机执行指令;处理器用于执行存储器所存储的计算机执行指令,以使通信装置执行上述第一方面或第一方面任一种可能的设计中所述的方法。A fourth aspect provides a communication device, including a processor and a memory; the memory is used to store computer execution instructions; the processor is used to execute the computer execution instructions stored in the memory, so that the communication device executes the above first aspect or any of the first aspects. One possible design is the approach described.
第五方面,提供一种通信装置,包括处理器和接口电路;接口电路,用于接收代码指令并传输至处理器;处理器运行代码指令以执行上述第一方面或第一方面任一种可能的设计中所述的方法。In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, including a processor and an interface circuit; the interface circuit is used to receive code instructions and transmit them to the processor; the processor runs the code instructions to execute the above-mentioned first aspect or any possibility of the first aspect. The method described in the design.
第六方面,提供一种计算机可读存储介质,可读存储介质用于存储指令,当指令被执行时,使上述第一方面或第一方面任一种可能的设计中所述的方法被实现。In a sixth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The readable storage medium is used to store instructions. When the instructions are executed, the method described in the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect is implemented. .
第七方面,提供一种芯片,芯片与存储器耦合,用于读取并执行存储器中存储的程序指令,实现上述第一方面或第一方面任一种可能的设计中所述的方法。A seventh aspect provides a chip, which is coupled with a memory and used to read and execute program instructions stored in the memory to implement the method described in the above first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect.
第八方面,提供一种包含指令的计算机程序产品,计算机程序产品中存储有指令,当其在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行上述第一方面或第一方面任一种可能的设计中所述的方法。In an eighth aspect, a computer program product containing instructions is provided. The computer program product stores instructions, which when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect. Methods.
上述第二方面至第八方面中任一方面及其任一方面中的可能设计可以达到的技术效果,请参阅上述第一方面及其对应的可能设计可以达到的技术效果描述,这里不再重复赘述。For the technical effects that can be achieved by any one of the above-mentioned second to eighth aspects and the possible designs in any aspect, please refer to the description of the technical effects that can be achieved by the above-mentioned first aspect and its corresponding possible designs, which will not be repeated here. Repeat.
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种天线系统的示意图;Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种估计波束到达角的方法的流程图;Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method for estimating the angle of arrival of a beam provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线系统的示意图;Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of another antenna system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图4A为角度估计误差的MSE统计结果示意图;Figure 4A is a schematic diagram of the MSE statistical results of angle estimation error;
图4B为角度估计误差的MAE统计结果示意图;Figure 4B is a schematic diagram of the MAE statistical results of angle estimation error;
图5为本申请实施例还提供一种估计波束到达角的装置的结构示意图;Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for estimating the angle of arrival of a beam according to an embodiment of the present application;
图6为本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置的结构示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统,例如:第五代(5th generation,5G)通信系统、第六代(6th generation,6G)通信系统或未来的其他演进系统、或其他各种采用无线接入技术的无线通信系统等,只要该通信系统中存在估计波束的到达角(Angle Of Arrival,AOA)的需求,则均可以采用本申请实施例的技术方案。The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as fifth generation (5th generation, 5G) communication systems, sixth generation (6th generation, 6G) communication systems or other future evolution systems, or other various Any wireless communication system using wireless access technology, etc., as long as there is a need to estimate the angle of arrival (Angle Of Arrival, AOA) of the beam in the communication system, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can be adopted.
通信系统(例如,5G通信系统)可以采用毫米波频段提供高速率的无线通信服务。毫米波频段的定向性能强,可提供相对微波频段更优的定位性能。同时,毫米波频段带宽资源丰富,有助于利于充足的空间分集增益提升通信系统性能。但是,毫米波通信频段较高且衰落严重,导致传输距离有限,对应覆盖范围降低。此外,毫米波穿透力较弱,易受阻挡。为克服遮挡导致的通信质量下降与覆盖范围降低问题,可采用射频拉远技术提高覆盖与通信速率性能。然而,尤其是在射频拉远场景下,如果要通过设计更多阵元或更大口径的天线阵列等提升角度估计精度,实现起来会更为复杂。本申请可以应用于采用毫米波频段的通信系统,但应理解的是,本申请并不限于此。Communication systems (for example, 5G communication systems) can use millimeter wave frequency bands to provide high-rate wireless communication services. The millimeter wave frequency band has strong directional performance and can provide better positioning performance than the microwave frequency band. At the same time, the millimeter wave frequency band is rich in bandwidth resources, which helps to provide sufficient spatial diversity gain to improve communication system performance. However, the millimeter wave communication frequency band is high and fading is severe, resulting in limited transmission distance and reduced coverage. In addition, millimeter waves have weak penetrating power and are easily blocked. In order to overcome the problem of reduced communication quality and reduced coverage caused by occlusion, radio frequency remote technology can be used to improve coverage and communication rate performance. However, especially in remote radio frequency scenarios, if you want to improve the angle estimation accuracy by designing more array elements or a larger-diameter antenna array, the implementation will be more complicated. This application can be applied to communication systems using millimeter wave frequency bands, but it should be understood that this application is not limited thereto.
参见图1,为本申请实施例提供的一种天线系统,该天线系统包括至少两个射频拉远单元(Remote Radio Unit,RRU)和一个基带处理单元(Base Band Unite,BBU)。应理解,图1中仅以两个RRU为例,即RRU1和RRU2,实际RRU的数量可以不限于此。Referring to Figure 1, an antenna system is provided according to an embodiment of the present application. The antenna system includes at least two radio frequency remote units (Remote Radio Units, RRUs) and one baseband processing unit (Base Band Unite, BBU). It should be understood that FIG. 1 only takes two RRUs, namely RRU1 and RRU2, as an example, and the actual number of RRUs may not be limited to this.
BBU通常集中布放在机房,RRU则布放在远端(靠近天线),BBU与RRU之间通过光纤连接并进行信号传输。其中,BBU主要负责所有L1(Layer1,层1)、L2(Layer2,层2)、L3(Layer3,层3)的处理,包括高层数据传输、调度以及基带信号处理等,RRU主要进行信号的上下变频、功放、滤波、中射频信号的转换。The BBU is usually centrally deployed in the computer room, and the RRU is deployed at the remote end (close to the antenna). The BBU and RRU are connected through optical fibers for signal transmission. Among them, the BBU is mainly responsible for all L1 (Layer1, Layer 1), L2 (Layer2, Layer 2), and L3 (Layer3, Layer 3) processing, including high-level data transmission, scheduling, and baseband signal processing. The RRU is mainly responsible for the up and down of signals. Frequency conversion, power amplifier, filtering, and medium RF signal conversion.
如图1所示,每个RRU上设置有一组均匀线性的天线阵列。RRU1包括多个彼此串联的阵元,且相邻元件之间的间隔近似均匀,RRU2包括多个彼此串联的阵元,且相邻元件之间的间隔近似均匀。每组天线阵列的口径是天线阵列的物理尺寸与波长的比值,即r=(N-1)d/λ,其中N为天线阵元数,d是阵元间隔,λ是波长。As shown in Figure 1, each RRU is equipped with a set of uniform linear antenna arrays. RRU1 includes multiple array elements connected in series, and the spacing between adjacent elements is approximately uniform. RRU2 includes multiple array elements connected in series, and the spacing between adjacent elements is approximately uniform. The aperture of each antenna array is the ratio of the physical size of the antenna array to the wavelength, that is, r=(N-1)d/λ, where N is the number of antenna elements, d is the element spacing, and λ is the wavelength.
应理解,天线系统上的每组天线阵列都满足远场假设。所谓远场假设,是指移动台到天线阵列的距离远远大于天线阵列的孔径。对于满足远场假设的天线阵列,到达该天线阵列各阵元的来波信号幅值可认为相等,仅相位上存在差别。其中,移动台是指能够与所述天线系统进行无线通信的任何设备,例如,移动电话、具有移动终端设备的计算机,便携式、袖珍式、手持式、计算机内置的移动装置等、可穿戴设备、车载终端设备等,本申请不做限制。It should be understood that each set of antenna arrays on the antenna system satisfies the far-field assumption. The so-called far field assumption means that the distance from the mobile station to the antenna array is much larger than the aperture of the antenna array. For an antenna array that satisfies the far-field assumption, the amplitude of the incoming wave signals arriving at each element of the antenna array can be considered equal, with only a difference in phase. Wherein, mobile station refers to any device capable of wireless communication with the antenna system, such as mobile phones, computers with mobile terminal equipment, portable, pocket-sized, handheld, mobile devices built into computers, etc., wearable devices, Vehicle-mounted terminal equipment, etc., are not limited by this application.
应理解,图1中仅示出RRU上的天线阵列,并未示出RRU的其它元件,如变频器、功放、滤波器等。It should be understood that FIG. 1 only shows the antenna array on the RRU, and does not show other components of the RRU, such as frequency converters, power amplifiers, filters, etc.
参见图2,为本申请实施例提供的一种估计波束到达角的方法,以该方法应用于图1所示的天线系统为例。方法包括:Referring to Figure 2, a method for estimating the angle of arrival of a beam is provided in an embodiment of the present application. This method is applied to the antenna system shown in Figure 1 as an example. Methods include:
S201、BBU基于至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列构造一组非均匀的线性虚拟天线阵列,虚拟天线阵列满足远场假设条件;根据该至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列中各组天线阵列之间的相对位置信息、以及各组天线阵列的接收信号模型,建立虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型。S201. The BBU constructs a set of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays based on at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays. The virtual antenna array satisfies the far-field assumption condition; according to the at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays, the distance between each set of antenna arrays is The relative position information and the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays are used to establish the received signal model of the virtual antenna array.
应理解,至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列是指至少两组天线阵列中的每组天线阵列是均匀线性的,而至少两组天线阵列整体可以是线性也可以是非线性的。It should be understood that at least two sets of uniformly linear antenna arrays means that each of the at least two sets of antenna arrays is uniformly linear, and the at least two sets of antenna arrays as a whole may be linear or nonlinear.
BBU基于至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列构造一组非均匀的线性虚拟天线阵列,包括:BBU确定至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列的物理情况,基于各组均匀线性的天线阵列的物理情况获得虚拟天线阵列的物理情况。例如,虚拟天线阵列的所有阵元即为该至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列中的所有实际阵元,虚拟天线阵列的中心则为实际至少两组均匀线性的天 线阵列的中心。应理解,该构造过程并不对该至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列的实际物理结构进行任何改动。The BBU constructs a set of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays based on at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays, including: BBU determines the physical conditions of at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays, and obtains a virtual set of virtual antenna arrays based on the physical conditions of each set of uniform linear antenna arrays. The physical condition of the antenna array. For example, all the array elements of the virtual antenna array are all the actual array elements in the at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays, and the center of the virtual antenna array is the center of the actual at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays. It should be understood that this construction process does not make any changes to the actual physical structure of the at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays.
示例性的,以两组均匀线性的天线阵列构造一组非均匀的线性虚拟天线阵列,参见图3,RRU1上的天线阵列为第一天线阵列,RRU2上的天线阵列为第二天线阵列,第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列的相对位置信息包括:For example, a set of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays is constructed with two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays. See Figure 3. The antenna array on RRU1 is the first antenna array, and the antenna array on RRU2 is the second antenna array. The relative position information of one antenna array and the second antenna array includes:
1)、第一天线阵列中的阵元间隔d为半波长λ/2,第二天线阵列中的阵元间隔d为半波长λ/2,其中λ为波长;1). The array element spacing d in the first antenna array is half wavelength λ/2, and the array element spacing d in the second antenna array is half wavelength λ/2, where λ is the wavelength;
2)、第一天线阵列的阵元数量为2N+1,第二天线阵列的阵元数量为2M+1;其中M、N为正整数,M与N相同或不同,本申请不做限制;2). The number of array elements of the first antenna array is 2N+1, and the number of array elements of the second antenna array is 2M+1; where M and N are positive integers, M and N are the same or different, and are not limited in this application;
3)、第一天线阵列的中心点O 1与第二天线阵列的中心点O 2的距离为K(λ/2); 3). The distance between the center point O 1 of the first antenna array and the center point O 2 of the second antenna array is K (λ/2);
4)、O 1与O 2的连线与第一天线阵列的径向方向的夹角为ф 1,O 1与O 2的连线与第二天线阵列的径向方向的夹角为ф 2。 4). The angle between the line connecting O 1 and O 2 and the radial direction of the first antenna array is ф 1. The angle between the line connecting O 1 and O 2 and the radial direction of the second antenna array is ф 2. .
相应的,基于第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列构造的虚拟天线阵列的阵元为第一天线阵列、第二天线阵列的各个阵元,虚拟天线阵列的中心为O 1、O 2连线的中点。虚拟天线阵列的口径则是虚拟天线阵列的物理尺寸(即第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列的整体物理尺寸)与波长的比值,即r=(N-1)d/λ,N为天线阵元数,d是阵元间隔,λ是波长。 Correspondingly, the array elements of the virtual antenna array constructed based on the first antenna array and the second antenna array are each array element of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, and the center of the virtual antenna array is connected by O 1 and O 2 midpoint. The aperture of the virtual antenna array is the ratio of the physical size of the virtual antenna array (that is, the overall physical size of the first antenna array and the second antenna array) to the wavelength, that is, r=(N-1)d/λ, N is the antenna array element number, d is the array element spacing, and λ is the wavelength.
应理解,除了虚拟天线阵列应当满足远场假设条件之外,构成该虚拟天线阵列的天线系统的上行链路还满足以下任意一个或多个假设条件:1)、信道具有稀疏多经特性,且直射径功率远大于非直射径功率,如此,根据注水定理分配功率时可以仅仅估计直射径的角度并仅在直射径方向进行赋形,可忽略非直射径而几乎不损失信道容量;2)、信道为慢衰落信道,在一帧时间内信道保持不变,因为角度估计之前无法进行波束赋形,接收信噪比低,通过积累多个符号的能量来提高处理信噪比,方能可靠估计角度;3)、各移动台发射的导频符号序列相互正交,如此,可抑制用户间干扰,BBU接收模型可等效为单用户单径模型;4)、RRU上各阵元接收到的信号下变频后可直传至BBU;5)、与同一BBU通过光纤相连接的各RRU之间严格同步,如此,各RRU的信号到BBU之后可以联合处理;6)、RRU上各阵元上的加性噪声与接收信号独立,如此,MUSIC/ESPRIT等算法可利用信号空间与噪声空间的正交性形成空间超分辨率算法。It should be understood that in addition to the far-field assumptions that the virtual antenna array should satisfy, the uplink of the antenna system that constitutes the virtual antenna array also satisfies any one or more of the following assumptions: 1), the channel has sparse multi-path characteristics, and The direct path power is much larger than the non-direct path power. Therefore, when allocating power according to the water filling theorem, you can only estimate the angle of the direct path and shape it only in the direction of the direct path. The non-direct path can be ignored with almost no loss of channel capacity; 2), The channel is a slow fading channel. The channel remains unchanged within one frame. Because beamforming cannot be performed before angle estimation, the receiving signal-to-noise ratio is low. Only by accumulating the energy of multiple symbols to improve the processing signal-to-noise ratio can reliable estimation be achieved. Angle; 3). The pilot symbol sequences transmitted by each mobile station are orthogonal to each other. In this way, interference between users can be suppressed, and the BBU reception model can be equivalent to a single-user single-path model; 4). Each array element on the RRU receives After the signal is down-converted, it can be directly transmitted to the BBU; 5). Each RRU connected to the same BBU through optical fiber is strictly synchronized. In this way, the signals of each RRU can be jointly processed after reaching the BBU; 6). Each array element on the RRU The additive noise is independent of the received signal. In this way, algorithms such as MUSIC/ESPRIT can use the orthogonality of the signal space and the noise space to form a spatial super-resolution algorithm.
BBU在确定了各组实际的天线阵列的物理情况和虚拟天线阵列的物理情况之后,可以获得各组天线阵列的接收信号模型、各组天线阵列之间的相对位置信息,进而结合实际的各组天线阵列的接收信号模型,推算虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型。After BBU determines the physical conditions of each group of actual antenna arrays and the physical conditions of the virtual antenna array, it can obtain the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays and the relative position information between each group of antenna arrays, and then combines the actual conditions of each group The received signal model of the antenna array is used to calculate the received signal model of the virtual antenna array.
一种可能的推算方法为:根据至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列的相对位置信息,确定各组天线阵列的波束到达角关系和相位关系;根据相位关系和波束到达角关系改写每组天线阵列的接收信号模型,使每组天线阵列的接收信号模型中的因变量通过虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角来表示,和使每组天线阵列的接收信号模型中每个阵元的接收矢量以第一阵元的接收矢量为基准来表示,其中第一阵元为至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列中的任一阵元;基于改写后的各组天线阵列的接收信号模型确定虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型。One possible calculation method is: based on the relative position information of at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays, determine the beam arrival angle relationship and phase relationship of each group of antenna arrays; rewrite the beam arrival angle relationship of each group of antenna arrays based on the phase relationship and beam arrival angle relationship. The received signal model is such that the dependent variable in the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays is represented by the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array, and the received vector of each array element in the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays is represented by the first array The first array element is any element in at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays; the received signal model of the virtual antenna array is determined based on the rewritten received signal model of each group of antenna arrays.
示例性的,仍以图3所示的两组均匀线性的天线阵列构造一组非均匀的线性虚拟天线阵列为例:For example, still taking the two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays shown in Figure 3 to construct a set of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays as an example:
第一天线阵列在Q个符号周期内以第一阵元为基准点的接收信号模型为:The received signal model of the first antenna array with the first array element as the reference point within Q symbol periods is:
Y 1=A 1S+W 1; Y 1 =A 1 S+W 1 ;
第二天线阵列在前q个符号周期内以第一阵元为基准点的接收信号模型为:The received signal model of the second antenna array with the first array element as the reference point in the first q symbol periods is:
Y 2=A 2S+W 2; Y 2 =A 2 S+W 2 ;
其中,Y 1=[Y 11,Y 12,…,Y 1Q],Y 2=[Y 21,Y 22,…,Y 2Q,],为接收矩阵; Among them, Y 1 =[Y 11 ,Y 12 ,…,Y 1Q ], Y 2 =[Y 21 ,Y 22 ,…,Y 2Q ,], are the receiving matrices;
Y 1q=[y 11(q),y 12(q),…,y 1,2N+1(q)] T,Y 2q=[y 21(q),y 22(q),…,y 2,2M+1(q)] T,为第q个符号周期内的接收矢量,T表示转置运算; Y 1q =[y 11 (q),y 12 (q),…,y 1,2N+1 (q)] T ,Y 2q =[y 21 (q),y 22 (q),…,y 2 ,2M+1 (q)] T , is the received vector in the q-th symbol period, and T represents the transpose operation;
为导引矢量;其中θ 1为第一天线阵列的波束达到角,θ 2为第二天线阵列的波束达到角; is the steering vector; where θ 1 is the beam arrival angle of the first antenna array, θ 2 is the beam arrival angle of the second antenna array;
S=[S 1,S 2,…,S Q],为Q个导频符号构成的训练序列矢量; S=[S 1 , S 2 ,..., S Q ], which is a training sequence vector composed of Q pilot symbols;
W 1=[W 11W 12,…,W 1Q],W 2=[W 21W 22,…,W 2Q],为噪声矩阵; W 1 = [W 11 W 12 ,…, W 1Q ], W 2 = [W 21 W 22 ,…, W 2Q ], which are noise matrices;
W 1q=[W 11(q),W 12(q),…,W 1,2N+1(q)] T; W 1q = [W 11 (q), W 12 (q),…, W 1,2N+1 (q)] T ;
W 2q=[W 21(q),W 22(q),…,W 2,2M+1(q)] T; W 2q = [W 21 (q), W 22 (q),…, W 2,2M+1 (q)] T ;
W 1q、W 2q为第q个符号周期的噪声矢量; W 1q and W 2q are the noise vectors of the q-th symbol period;
根据各组天线阵列之间的相对位置信息确定的各组天线阵列的波束到达角关系,包括:The beam arrival angle relationship of each group of antenna arrays determined based on the relative position information between each group of antenna arrays includes:
θ 1=φ 1+θ; (1) θ 1 =φ 1 +θ; (1)
θ 2=φ 2-θ; (2) θ 2 =φ 2 -θ; (2)
其中,θ为虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角;Among them, θ is the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array;
参见图3,虚拟天线阵列的阵元即为第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列的阵元,共2M+2N+2个阵元;虚拟天线阵列的中心则为O 1、O 2连线的中点O。 Referring to Figure 3, the array elements of the virtual antenna array are the array elements of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, with a total of 2M+2N+2 array elements; the center of the virtual antenna array is connected by O 1 and O 2 Midpoint O.
在获得了上述信息之后,BBU就可以根据第一天线阵列与第二天线阵列的相位关系、波束到达角关系改写每组天线阵列的接收信号模型,改写过程包括以下公式(3)至公式(8)的过程:After obtaining the above information, the BBU can rewrite the received signal model of each antenna array based on the phase relationship and beam arrival angle relationship between the first antenna array and the second antenna array. The rewriting process includes the following formulas (3) to formula (8) )the process of:
第一天线阵列的第n个阵元在第q个符号周期内以第一天线阵列的第一个阵元为参考点的接收信号为:The received signal of the n-th element of the first antenna array in the q-th symbol period with the first element of the first antenna array as the reference point is:
以第一天线阵列的中心点O 1位置为参考点,根据公式(1),将第一天线阵列的第n个阵元在第q个符号周期内的接收信号改写为: Taking the center point O 1 of the first antenna array as the reference point, according to formula (1), the received signal of the n-th element of the first antenna array in the q-th symbol period is rewritten as:
其中,n=1,2,…,2N+1;Among them, n=1, 2,...,2N+1;
第二天线阵列的第m个阵元在第q个符号周期内以第二天线阵列的第一个阵元为参考点的接收信号为:The received signal of the m-th element of the second antenna array in the q-th symbol period with the first element of the second antenna array as the reference point is:
以第二天线阵列的中心点O 2位置为参考点,根据公式(2)将第二天线阵列的第m个阵元在第q个符号周期内的接收信号改写为: Taking the center point O 2 of the second antenna array as the reference point, according to formula (2), the received signal of the m-th element of the second antenna array in the q-th symbol period is rewritten as:
以第一天线阵元的中心点O 1位置为参考点,根据公式(1)(2)以及O 2与O 1的距离K(λ/2),将第二天线阵列的第m个阵元在第q个符号周期内的接收信号改写为: Taking the center point O 1 of the first antenna element as the reference point, according to formulas (1) (2) and the distance K (λ/2) between O 2 and O 1 , the m-th array element of the second antenna array is The received signal in the q-th symbol period is rewritten as:
其中,m=1,2,…,2M+1;Among them, m=1, 2,...,2M+1;
基于改写后的各组天线阵列的接收信号模型确定虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型,包括:The received signal model of the virtual antenna array is determined based on the rewritten received signal model of each group of antenna arrays, including:
根据公式(4)、(7),将虚拟天线阵列的接收信号堆积为(2N+2M+2)×Q维的矩阵,得到虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型为:According to formulas (4) and (7), the received signals of the virtual antenna array are stacked into a (2N+2M+2)×Q-dimensional matrix, and the received signal model of the virtual antenna array is obtained:
Y=[y(1),y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W (8)Y=[y(1),y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W (8)
其中, in,
应理解,虚拟天线阵列的实际物理构造就是第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列的物理构造,所以实际是非线性的,但是上述推算过程通过对各阵元接收信号进行角度补偿,将第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列整体虚拟成可线性的天线阵列。It should be understood that the actual physical structure of the virtual antenna array is the physical structure of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, so it is actually non-linear. However, the above calculation process compensates the angle of the received signal of each array element to convert the first antenna array into and the second antenna array as a whole are virtualized into a linear antenna array.
需要强调的是,上述推算过程仅为示例而非限定,在实际应用中还可以有其它推算方式,只要是基于至少两个天线阵列中每个天线阵列的接收信号模型,推算出由该至少两个天线阵列构成的整体(即虚拟天线阵列)的接收信号模型的方法,均属于本申请保护范围之内。It should be emphasized that the above calculation process is only an example and not a limitation. In practical applications, other calculation methods can also be used. As long as it is based on the received signal model of each antenna array in at least two antenna arrays, it can be calculated from the at least two antenna arrays. Methods for receiving signal models of an entire antenna array (i.e., a virtual antenna array) are within the scope of protection of this application.
另外,构造虚拟天线阵列的实际天线阵列也不限于两组,还可以更多,但需要注意的是,当由三组或三组以上的天线阵列构造一组虚拟天线阵列是,这三组或三组以上的天线阵列中所有阵列的中心点需要在同一条直线上。针对三组或三组以上的天线阵列构造虚拟天线阵列的思路可以参考上述两组天线阵列构造虚拟天线阵列的方法,例如可使三组天线阵列中每组天线阵列的接收信号模型中的因变量都通过虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角来表示,以及使三组天线阵列中每组天线阵列的接收信号模型中每个阵元的接收矢量以同一个阵元的接收矢量为基准来表示,进而堆叠出虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型,这里不再对该过程进行赘述。In addition, the actual antenna arrays used to construct the virtual antenna array are not limited to two groups, and can be more. However, it should be noted that when a virtual antenna array is constructed from three or more groups of antenna arrays, these three groups or The center points of all arrays in more than three groups of antenna arrays need to be on the same straight line. The idea of constructing a virtual antenna array for three or more groups of antenna arrays can refer to the method of constructing a virtual antenna array for two groups of antenna arrays mentioned above. For example, the dependent variable in the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays in the three groups of antenna arrays can be All are represented by the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array, and the reception vector of each array element in the received signal model of each of the three groups of antenna arrays is expressed based on the reception vector of the same array element, and then stacked The received signal model of the virtual antenna array is derived, and the process will not be described in detail here.
S202、BBU采用空间超分辨率角度估计算法,基于虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型估计虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角。S202. The BBU uses a spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm to estimate the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array.
可选的,空间超分辨率角度估计算法为MUSIC算法或ESPRIT算法,本申请不做限制。Optionally, the spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm is the MUSIC algorithm or the ESPRIT algorithm, which is not limited in this application.
基于以上可知,本申请实施例基于至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列构造一组非均匀的线性虚拟天线阵列,该构造过程并不对天线阵列进行任何实际改动,只是对至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列的接收信号进行联合处理,进而获得逼近与虚拟天线阵列同孔径的理想阵列的角度估计性能,可实现在不增加天线系统的物理复杂度的基础上,提升天线系统的角度估计性能。Based on the above, it can be seen that the embodiment of the present application constructs a set of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays based on at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays. This construction process does not make any actual changes to the antenna array, but only changes the at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays. The received signals are jointly processed to obtain angle estimation performance that approximates an ideal array with the same aperture as the virtual antenna array. This can improve the angle estimation performance of the antenna system without increasing the physical complexity of the antenna system.
以下通过一组仿真数据来示意上述效果:The following is a set of simulation data to illustrate the above effects:
仿真参数设置为:半波长间隔的均匀线性阵列1的阵元数为9,即N=4;半波长间隔的均匀线性阵列2的阵元数为11,即M=5;两阵列中心连线的距离为20倍半波长,即K=20;快拍数(导频符号数)Q=200; θ=10°,θ 1=35°,θ 2=50°;信噪比从-10dB变化至10dB。角度估计算法使用ESPRIT算法。角度估计性能指标选择角度估计误差的方差(MSE),以及平均绝对误差(MAE)。 The simulation parameters are set as follows: the number of array elements of uniform linear array 1 with half-wavelength spacing is 9, that is, N=4; the number of array elements of uniform linear array 2 with half-wavelength spacing is 11, that is, M=5; the center line of the two arrays is connected The distance is 20 times half wavelength, that is, K=20; the number of snapshots (number of pilot symbols) Q=200; θ=10°, θ 1 =35°, θ 2 =50°; the signal-to-noise ratio changes from -10dB to 10dB. The angle estimation algorithm uses the ESPRIT algorithm. The angle estimation performance indicators select the variance of the angle estimation error (MSE), and the mean absolute error (MAE).
仿真结果如图4A和图4B所示。图4A为角度估计误差的MSE统计结果示意图,图4A从上至下的曲线分别为:阵列1的MSE、阵列2的MSE、虚拟阵列(即阵列1与阵列 2构成的虚拟天线阵列)的MSE、与该虚拟阵列同口径的理想阵列的MSE。图4B为角度估计误差的MAE统计结果示意图,图4B从上至下的曲线分别为:阵列1的MAE、阵列2的MAE、虚拟阵列的MAE、与虚拟阵列同口径的理想阵列的MAE。The simulation results are shown in Figure 4A and Figure 4B. Figure 4A is a schematic diagram of the MSE statistical results of the angle estimation error. The curves from top to bottom in Figure 4A are: MSE of array 1, MSE of array 2, and MSE of the virtual array (i.e., the virtual antenna array composed of array 1 and array 2). , the MSE of an ideal array with the same caliber as the virtual array. Figure 4B is a schematic diagram of the MAE statistical results of the angle estimation error. The curves from top to bottom in Figure 4B are: the MAE of array 1, the MAE of array 2, the MAE of the virtual array, and the MAE of the ideal array with the same caliber as the virtual array.
由仿真结果可见,无论是从MSE角度还是从MAE角度,虚拟阵列的角度估计性能都高于单个阵列(即阵列1或阵列2)的角度估计性能,且逼近与虚拟阵列同口径的理想阵列的角度估计性能。It can be seen from the simulation results that the angle estimation performance of the virtual array is higher than that of a single array (i.e. array 1 or array 2), whether from the MSE perspective or the MAE perspective, and is close to the ideal array with the same caliber as the virtual array. Angle estimation performance.
可选的,BBU在基于虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型估计虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角之前,还可以基于至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列中每组天线阵列的接收信号模型计算每组天线阵列的波束到达角的初始估计值,之后根据各组天线阵列的波束到达角的初始估计值确定BBU在估计虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角时所使用的空间超分辨率角度估计算法的搜索范围。后续BBU在对虚拟天线阵列使用空间超分辨率角度估计算法进行角度估计时,就可以只在该搜索范围内搜索角度估计值。Optionally, before estimating the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array, the BBU may also calculate the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays based on the received signal model of each group of at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays. The initial estimate of the beam arrival angle is then used to determine the search range of the spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm used by the BBU when estimating the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the initial estimate of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays. When the subsequent BBU uses the spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm to estimate the angle of the virtual antenna array, it can only search for angle estimates within the search range.
例如,设 为第一天线阵列的波束到达角的初始估计值, 为第二天线阵列的波束到达角的初始估计值,则BBU在估计虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角时所使用的空间超分辨率角度估计算法的搜索范围可以为: For example, suppose is the initial estimate of the beam arrival angle of the first antenna array, is the initial estimate of the beam arrival angle of the second antenna array, then the search range of the spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm used by the BBU when estimating the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array can be:
其中,Δ为预设值。可选的,该Δ与信噪比反相关,即信噪比越高,Δ越小,信噪比越低,Δ越高。Among them, Δ is the default value. Optionally, the Δ is inversely related to the signal-to-noise ratio, that is, the higher the signal-to-noise ratio, the smaller Δ is, and the lower the signal-to-noise ratio, the higher Δ is.
如此,可以减小BBU在估计虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角时所使用的空间超分辨率角度估计算法的搜索范围,进一步提高角度估计的精度和效率。In this way, the search range of the spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm used by the BBU when estimating the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array can be reduced, and the accuracy and efficiency of angle estimation can be further improved.
进一步可选的,BBU在基于虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型估计虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角之后,还可以根据虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角更新每组天线阵列的波束到达角的初始终估计值,得到每组天线阵列的波束到达角的最终估计值。Further optionally, after the BBU estimates the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array, the BBU can also update the initial estimated value of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays based on the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array. Obtain the final estimate of the beam arrival angle for each antenna array.
仍以图3所示的两组均匀线性的天线阵列构造一组非均匀的线性虚拟天线阵列为例:设θ为由第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列构成的虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角的估计值,则可以根据上述公式(1)、(2),确定第一天线阵列的波束到达角的最终估计值 为φ 1+θ,确定第二天线阵列的波束到达角的最终估计值 为φ 2-θ。 Still taking the two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays shown in Figure 3 to construct a set of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays as an example: Let θ be the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array composed of the first antenna array and the second antenna array. estimated value, then the final estimated value of the beam arrival angle of the first antenna array can be determined according to the above formulas (1) and (2). Determine the final estimate of the beam arrival angle of the second antenna array as φ 1 + θ is φ 2 -θ.
如此,可以提升各个天线阵列的角度估计精度。In this way, the angle estimation accuracy of each antenna array can be improved.
基于同一技术构思,本申请实施例还提供一种估计波束到达角的装置,该装置例如为BBU,或者为BBU中的芯片,该装置包括用于执行图1所示的方法步骤的模块/单元。Based on the same technical concept, embodiments of the present application also provide a device for estimating the angle of arrival of a beam. The device is, for example, a BBU, or a chip in the BBU. The device includes modules/units for executing the method steps shown in Figure 1 .
示例性的,参见图5,该装置包括:For example, referring to Figure 5, the device includes:
构建模块501,用于基于至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列构造一组非均匀线性的虚拟天线阵列;根据至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列中各组天线阵列之间的相对位置信息、各组天线阵列的接收信号模型,建立虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型;Construction module 501 is used to construct a set of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays based on at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays; based on the relative position information between each group of antenna arrays in the at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays, each group of antennas The received signal model of the array is used to establish the received signal model of the virtual antenna array;
估计模块502,用于采用空间超分辨率角度估计算法,基于虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型估计虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角。The estimation module 502 is configured to use a spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm to estimate the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array.
可选的,构建模块501在根据至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列中各组天线阵列之间的相对位置信息、以及各组天线阵列的接收信号模型,建立虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型时,具体用于:Optionally, when the building module 501 establishes the received signal model of the virtual antenna array based on the relative position information between each group of antenna arrays in at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays and the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays, specifically Used for:
根据至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列的相对位置信息,确定各组天线阵列的波束到达角 关系和相位关系;Determine the beam arrival angle relationship and phase relationship of each group of antenna arrays based on the relative position information of at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays;
根据相位关系和波束到达角关系改写每组天线阵列的接收信号模型,使每组天线阵列的接收信号模型中的因变量通过虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角来表示,和使每组天线阵列的接收信号模型中每个阵元的接收矢量以第一阵元的接收矢量为基准来表示,其中第一阵元为至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列中的任一阵元;Rewrite the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays based on the phase relationship and beam arrival angle relationship, so that the dependent variable in the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays is represented by the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array, and make the reception of each group of antenna arrays The reception vector of each array element in the signal model is expressed based on the reception vector of the first array element, where the first array element is any element in at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays;
基于改写后的各组天线阵列的接收信号模型确定虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型。The received signal model of the virtual antenna array is determined based on the rewritten received signal model of each group of antenna arrays.
可选的,至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列由第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列组成;Optionally, at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays consist of a first antenna array and a second antenna array;
至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列的相对位置信息包括:第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列中的阵元间隔d为半波长λ/2,其中λ为波长,第一天线阵列的阵元数量为2N+1,第二天线阵列的阵元数量为2M+1,第一天线阵列的中心点O 1与第二天线阵列的中心点O 2的距离为K(λ/2),O 1与O 2的连线与第一天线阵列的径向方向的夹角为ф 1,O 1与O 2的连线与第二天线阵列的径向方向的夹角为ф 2;虚拟天线阵列的阵元为第一天线阵列、第二天线阵列的阵元,虚拟天线阵列的中心为O 1、O 2连线的中点; The relative position information of at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays includes: the array element spacing d in the first antenna array and the second antenna array is half a wavelength λ/2, where λ is the wavelength, and the number of array elements in the first antenna array is 2N+1, the number of elements of the second antenna array is 2M+1, the distance between the center point O 1 of the first antenna array and the center point O 2 of the second antenna array is K (λ/2), O 1 and O The angle between the line connecting 2 and the radial direction of the first antenna array is ф 1 , and the angle between the line connecting O 1 and O 2 and the radial direction of the second antenna array is ф 2 ; the array elements of the virtual antenna array are the array elements of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, and the center of the virtual antenna array is the midpoint of the line connecting O 1 and O 2 ;
第一天线阵列在Q个符号周期内以第一阵元为基准点的接收信号模型为:The received signal model of the first antenna array with the first array element as the reference point within Q symbol periods is:
Y 1=A 1S+W 1; Y 1 =A 1 S+W 1 ;
第二天线阵列在前q个符号周期内以第一阵元为基准点的接收信号模型为:The received signal model of the second antenna array with the first array element as the reference point in the first q symbol periods is:
Y 2=A 2S+W 2; Y 2 =A 2 S+W 2 ;
其中,Y 1=[Y 11,Y 12,…,Y 1Q],Y 2=[Y 21,Y 22,…,Y 2Q,],为接收矩阵; Among them, Y 1 =[Y 11 ,Y 12 ,…,Y 1Q ], Y 2 =[Y 21 ,Y 22 ,…,Y 2Q ,], are the receiving matrices;
Y 1q=[y 11(q),y 12(q),…,y 1,2N+1(q)] T,Y 2q=[y 21(q),y 22(q),…,y 2,2M+1(q)] T,为第q个符号周期内的接收矢量,T表示转置运算; Y 1q =[y 11 (q),y 12 (q),…,y 1,2N+1 (q)] T ,Y 2q =[y 21 (q),y 22 (q),…,y 2 ,2M+1 (q)] T , is the received vector in the q-th symbol period, and T represents the transpose operation;
为导引矢量;其中θ 1为第一天线阵列的波束达到角,θ 2为第二天线阵列的波束达到角; is the steering vector; where θ 1 is the beam arrival angle of the first antenna array, θ 2 is the beam arrival angle of the second antenna array;
S=[S 1,S 2,…,S Q],为Q个导频符号构成的训练序列矢量; S=[S 1 , S 2 ,..., S Q ], which is a training sequence vector composed of Q pilot symbols;
W 1=[W 11W 12,…,W 1Q],W 2=[W 21W 22,…,W 2Q],为噪声矩阵; W 1 = [W 11 W 12 ,…, W 1Q ], W 2 = [W 21 W 22 ,…, W 2Q ], which are noise matrices;
W 1q=[W 11(q),W 12(q),…,W 1,2N+1(q)] T; W 1q = [W 11 (q), W 12 (q),…, W 1,2N+1 (q)] T ;
W 2q=[W 21(q),W 22(q),…,W 2,2M+1(q)] T; W 2q = [W 21 (q), W 22 (q),…, W 2,2M+1 (q)] T ;
W 1q、W 2q为第q个符号周期的噪声矢量; W 1q and W 2q are the noise vectors of the q-th symbol period;
构建模块501根据各组天线阵列之间的相对位置信息确定的各组天线阵列的波束到达角关系,包括:The building module 501 determines the beam arrival angle relationship of each group of antenna arrays based on the relative position information between each group of antenna arrays, including:
θ 1=φ 1+θ; (1) θ 1 =φ 1 +θ; (1)
θ 2=φ 2-θ; (2) θ 2 =φ 2 -θ; (2)
其中,θ为虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角;Among them, θ is the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array;
构建模块501在根据相位关系和波束到达角关系改写每组天线阵列的接收信号模型时,具体用于:When rewriting the received signal model of each antenna array according to the phase relationship and beam arrival angle relationship, the building module 501 is specifically used to:
第一天线阵列的第n个阵元在第q个符号周期内以第一天线阵列的第一个阵元为参考点的接收信号为:The received signal of the n-th element of the first antenna array in the q-th symbol period with the first element of the first antenna array as the reference point is:
以第一天线阵列的中心点O 1位置为参考点,根据公式(1),将第一天线阵列的第n个阵元在第q个符号周期内的接收信号改写为: Taking the center point O 1 of the first antenna array as the reference point, according to formula (1), the received signal of the n-th element of the first antenna array in the q-th symbol period is rewritten as:
其中,n=1,2,…,2N+1。Among them, n=1, 2, ..., 2N+1.
第二天线阵列的第m个阵元在第q个符号周期内以第二天线阵列的第一个阵元为参考点的接收信号为:The received signal of the m-th element of the second antenna array in the q-th symbol period with the first element of the second antenna array as the reference point is:
以第二天线阵列的中心点O 2位置为参考点,根据公式(2)将第二天线阵列的第m个阵元在第q个符号周期内的接收信号改写为: Taking the center point O 2 of the second antenna array as the reference point, according to formula (2), the received signal of the m-th element of the second antenna array in the q-th symbol period is rewritten as:
以第一天线阵元的中心点O 1位置为参考点,根据公式(1)(2)以及O 2与O 1的距离K(λ/2),将第二天线阵列的第m个阵元在第q个符号周期内的接收信号改写为: Taking the center point O 1 of the first antenna element as the reference point, according to formulas (1) (2) and the distance K (λ/2) between O 2 and O 1 , the m-th array element of the second antenna array is The received signal in the q-th symbol period is rewritten as:
其中,m=1,2,…,2M+1;Among them, m=1, 2,...,2M+1;
构建模块501在基于改写后的各组天线阵列的接收信号模型确定虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型时,具体用于:When determining the received signal model of the virtual antenna array based on the rewritten received signal model of each group of antenna arrays, the building module 501 is specifically used to:
根据公式(4)、(7),将虚拟天线阵列的接收信号堆积为(2N+2M+2)×Q维的矩阵,得到虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型为:According to formulas (4) and (7), the received signals of the virtual antenna array are stacked into a (2N+2M+2)×Q-dimensional matrix, and the received signal model of the virtual antenna array is obtained:
Y=[y(1),y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W;Y=[y(1), y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W;
其中, in,
可选的,至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列由第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列组成;Optionally, at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays consist of a first antenna array and a second antenna array;
至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列的相对位置信息包括:第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列中的阵元间隔d为半波长λ/2,其中λ为波长,第一天线阵列的阵元数量为2N+1,第二天线阵列的阵元数量为2M+1,第一天线阵列的中心点O 1与第二天线阵列的中心点O 2的距离为K(λ/2),O 1与O 2的连线与第一天线阵列的径向方向的夹角为ф 1,O 1与O 2的连线与第二天线阵列的径向方向的夹角为ф 2;虚拟天线阵列的阵元为第一天线阵列、第二天线阵列的阵元,虚拟天线阵列的中心为O 1、O 2连线的中点; The relative position information of at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays includes: the array element spacing d in the first antenna array and the second antenna array is half a wavelength λ/2, where λ is the wavelength, and the number of array elements in the first antenna array is 2N+1, the number of elements of the second antenna array is 2M+1, the distance between the center point O 1 of the first antenna array and the center point O 2 of the second antenna array is K (λ/2), O 1 and O The angle between the line connecting 2 and the radial direction of the first antenna array is ф 1 , and the angle between the line connecting O 1 and O 2 and the radial direction of the second antenna array is ф 2 ; the array elements of the virtual antenna array are the elements of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, and the center of the virtual antenna array is the midpoint of the line connecting O 1 and O 2 ;
第一天线阵列在前q个符号周期内的接收信号模型为:The received signal model of the first antenna array in the first q symbol periods is:
Y 1=A 1S+W 1; Y 1 =A 1 S+W 1 ;
第二天线阵列在前q个符号周期内的接收信号模型为:The received signal model of the second antenna array in the first q symbol periods is:
Y 2=A 2S+W 2; Y 2 =A 2 S+W 2 ;
其中,Y 1=[Y 11,Y 12,…,Y 1Q],Y 2=[Y 21,Y 22,…,Y 2Q,],为接收矩阵; Among them, Y 1 =[Y 11 ,Y 12 ,…,Y 1Q ], Y 2 =[Y 21 ,Y 22 ,…,Y 2Q ,], are the receiving matrices;
Y 1q=[y 11(q),y 12(q),…,y 1,2N+1(q)] T,Y 2q=[y 21(q),y 22(q),…,y 2,2M+1(q)] T,为第q个符号周期内的接收矢量,T表示转置运算; Y 1q =[y 11 (q),y 12 (q),…,y 1,2N+1 (q)] T ,Y 2q =[y 21 (q),y 22 (q),…,y 2 ,2M+1 (q)] T , is the received vector in the q-th symbol period, and T represents the transposition operation;
为导引矢量;其中θ 1为第一天线阵列的波束达到角,θ 2为第二天线阵列的波束达到角; is the steering vector; where θ 1 is the beam arrival angle of the first antenna array, θ 2 is the beam arrival angle of the second antenna array;
S=[S 1,S 2,…,S Q],为Q个导频符号构成的训练序列矢量; S=[S 1 , S 2 ,..., S Q ], which is a training sequence vector composed of Q pilot symbols;
W 1=[W 11W 12,…,W 1Q],W 2=[W 21W 22,…,W 2Q],为噪声矩阵; W 1 = [W 11 W 12 ,…, W 1Q ], W 2 = [W 21 W 22 ,…, W 2Q ], which are noise matrices;
W 1q=[W 11(q),W 12(q),…,W 1,2N+1(q)] T; W 1q = [W 11 (q), W 12 (q),…, W 1,2N+1 (q)] T ;
W 2q=[W 21(q),W 22(q),…,W 2,2M+1(q)] T; W 2q = [W 21 (q), W 22 (q),…, W 2,2M+1 (q)] T ;
W 1q、W 2q为第q个符号周期的噪声矢量; W 1q and W 2q are the noise vectors of the q-th symbol period;
虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型为:The received signal model of the virtual antenna array is:
Y=[y(1),y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W;Y=[y(1), y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W;
其中, in,
第q个符号周期内虚拟天线阵列中各阵元以第一天线阵列的中心点O 1为参考点的接收信号满足以下关系: In the q-th symbol period, the received signals of each array element in the virtual antenna array with the center point O 1 of the first antenna array as the reference point satisfy the following relationship:
其中,θ 1=φ 1+θ,θ 2=φ 2-θ;n=1,2,…,2N+1;m=1,2,…,2M+1;θ为虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角。 Among them, θ 1 =φ 1 +θ, θ 2 =φ 2 -θ; n = 1, 2,..., 2N+1; m = 1, 2,..., 2M+1; θ is the beam arrival of the virtual antenna array horn.
可选的,估计模块502还用于:Optionally, the estimation module 502 is also used to:
在基于虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型估计虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角之前,基于至少两组均匀线性的天线阵列中每组天线阵列的接收信号模型计算每组天线阵列的波束到达角的初始估计值;Before estimating the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array, calculating an initial estimate of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays based on the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays in at least two groups of uniformly linear antenna arrays. ;
根据各组天线阵列的波束到达角的初始估计值确定空间超分辨率角度估计算法的搜索范围。The search range of the spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm is determined based on the initial estimate of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays.
可选的,搜索范围可以为:Optional, the search scope can be:
其中, 为第一天线阵列的波束到达角的初始估计值, 为第二天线阵列的波束到达角的初始估计值,Δ为预设值。 in, is the initial estimate of the beam arrival angle of the first antenna array, is the initial estimated value of the beam arrival angle of the second antenna array, and Δ is the preset value.
可选的,Δ与信噪比反相关。Optionally, Δ is inversely related to the signal-to-noise ratio.
可选的,估计模块502还用于:Optionally, the estimation module 502 is also used to:
在使用空间超分辨率角度估计算法,基于虚拟天线阵列的接收信号模型估计虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角之后,根据虚拟天线阵列的波束到达角更新每组天线阵列的波束到达角的初始终估计值,得到每组天线阵列的波束到达角的最终估计值。After using the spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm to estimate the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array, the initial estimated value of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays is updated based on the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array. , to obtain the final estimate of the beam arrival angle of each antenna array.
参见图6,基于同一技术构思,本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置,包括处理器601和存储器602;存储器602用于存储计算机执行指令;处理器601用于执行存储器602所存储的计算机执行指令,以使通信装置执行如图2所示的方法。Referring to Figure 6, based on the same technical concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device, including a processor 601 and a memory 602; the memory 602 is used to store computer execution instructions; the processor 601 is used to execute the computer execution stored in the memory 602. Instructions to cause the communication device to execute the method shown in Figure 2.
其中,所述处理器601和所述存储器602可以通过接口电路耦合,也可以集成在一起,这里不做限制。The processor 601 and the memory 602 may be coupled through an interface circuit or integrated together, without limitation here.
本申请实施例中不限定上述处理器601、存储器602之间的具体连接介质。本申请实施例在图6中以处理器601、存储器602之间通过总线连接,总线在图6中以粗线表示,其它部件之间的连接方式,仅是进行示意性说明,并不引以为限。所述总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示,图6中仅用一条粗线表示,但并不表示仅有 一根总线或一种类型的总线。The specific connection medium between the processor 601 and the memory 602 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, the processor 601 and the memory 602 are connected through a bus in Figure 6. The bus is represented by a thick line in Figure 6. The connection methods between other components are only schematically explained and are not intended to be used. is limited. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of presentation, only one thick line is used in Figure 6, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
应理解,本申请实施例中提及的处理器可以通过硬件实现也可以通过软件实现。当通过硬件实现时,该处理器可以是逻辑电路、集成电路等。当通过软件实现时,该处理器可以是一个通用处理器,通过读取存储器中存储的软件代码来实现。It should be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be implemented by hardware or software. When implemented in hardware, the processor may be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, or the like. When implemented in software, the processor may be a general-purpose processor implemented by reading software code stored in memory.
示例性的,处理器可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit,CPU),还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor,DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。For example, the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), or an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC). , off-the-shelf programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor, etc.
应理解,本申请实施例中提及的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器,或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中,非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(Read-Only Memory,ROM)、可编程只读存储器(Programmable ROM,PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable PROM,EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically EPROM,EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory,RAM),其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明,许多形式的RAM可用,例如静态随机存取存储器(Static RAM,SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic RAM,DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(Synchronous DRAM,SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(Double Data Eate SDRAM,DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(Enhanced SDRAM,ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(Synchlink DRAM,SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(Direct Rambus RAM,DR RAM)。It should be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), programmable read-only memory (Programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable PROM, EPROM), electrically removable memory. Erase programmable read-only memory (Electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory. The volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of illustration, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (Dynamic RAM, DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (Synchronous DRAM, SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (Double Data Eate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (Enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (Synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM) ) and direct memory bus random access memory (Direct Rambus RAM, DR RAM).
需要说明的是,当处理器为通用处理器、DSP、ASIC、FPGA或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件时,存储器(存储模块)可以集成在处理器中。It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated in the processor.
应注意,本文描述的存储器旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。It should be noted that the memories described herein are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.
基于同一技术构思,本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置,包括处理器和接口电路;接口电路,用于接收代码指令并传输至处理器;处理器运行代码指令以执行如图2所示的方法。Based on the same technical concept, embodiments of the present application also provide a communication device, including a processor and an interface circuit; the interface circuit is used to receive code instructions and transmit them to the processor; the processor runs the code instructions to execute the steps shown in Figure 2 method.
基于同一技术构思,本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质,可读存储介质用于存储指令,当指令被执行时,使如图2所示的方法被实现。Based on the same technical concept, embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium. The readable storage medium is used to store instructions. When the instructions are executed, the method shown in Figure 2 is implemented.
基于同一技术构思,本申请实施例还提供一种芯片,芯片与存储器耦合,用于读取并执行存储器中存储的程序指令,实现如图2所示的方法。Based on the same technical concept, embodiments of the present application also provide a chip, which is coupled to a memory and used to read and execute program instructions stored in the memory to implement the method shown in Figure 2.
基于同一技术构思,本申请实施例还提供一种包含指令的计算机程序产品,计算机程序产品中存储有指令,当其在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行如图2所示的方法。Based on the same technical concept, embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product containing instructions. The computer program product stores instructions, which when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute the method shown in Figure 2.
本领域内的技术人员应明白,本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此,本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且,本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment that combines software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
本申请是参照根据本申请的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/ 或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器,使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to the present application. It will be understood that each process and/or block in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of processes and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device produce a use A device for realizing the functions specified in one process or multiple processes of the flowchart and/or one block or multiple blocks of the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中,使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品,该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that causes a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including the instruction means, the instructions The device implements the functions specified in a process or processes of the flowchart and/or a block or blocks of the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上,使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理,从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, causing a series of operating steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing, thereby executing on the computer or other programmable device. Instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in a process or processes of a flowchart diagram and/or a block or blocks of a block diagram.
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的保护范围。这样,倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the protection scope of the present application. In this way, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and equivalent technologies, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims (29)
- A method of estimating an angle of arrival of a beam, the method comprising:constructing a group of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays based on at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays, wherein the virtual antenna arrays meet far field hypothesis conditions; establishing a receiving signal model of the virtual antenna array according to the relative position information between each group of antenna arrays in the at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays and the receiving signal model of each group of antenna arrays;and estimating the wave beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array by adopting a spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm.
- The method of claim 1, wherein building the received signal model of the virtual antenna array based on the relative position information between each of the at least two sets of uniformly linear antenna arrays and the received signal model of each of the sets of antenna arrays comprises:determining the beam arrival angle relation and the phase relation of each group of antenna arrays according to the relative position information of the at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays;rewriting a received signal model of each antenna array according to the phase relation and the beam arrival angle relation, enabling a dependent variable in the received signal model of each antenna array to be represented by the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array, and enabling a received vector of each array element in the received signal model of each antenna array to be represented by taking a received vector of a first array element as a reference, wherein the first array element is any array element in the at least two groups of uniformly linear antenna arrays;And determining the receiving signal model of the virtual antenna array based on the rewritten receiving signal models of the antenna arrays of each group.
- The method of claim 2, wherein the at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays consist of a first antenna array and a second antenna array;the relative position information of the at least two groups of uniformly linear antenna arrays includes: the array element interval d in the first antenna array and the second antenna array is half wavelength lambda/2, wherein lambda is wavelength, the number of array elements in the first antenna array is 2N+1, the number of array elements in the second antenna array is 2M+1, and the center point O of the first antenna array 1 And the center point O of the second antenna array 2 Distance of K (lambda/2), O 1 With O 2 The included angle between the connection line of the first antenna array and the radial direction is phi 1 ,O 1 With O 2 The included angle between the connecting line of the second antenna array and the radial direction is phi 2 ;The received signal model of the first antenna array taking the first array element as the reference point in Q symbol periods is as follows:Y 1 =A 1 S+W 1 ;the second antenna array uses the first array element as the reference point in the first q symbol periods to receive the signal model as follows:Y 2 =A 2 S+W 2 ;wherein Y is 1 =[Y 11 ,Y 12 ,…,Y 1Q ],Y 2 =[Y 21 ,Y 22 ,…,Y 2Q ,]Is a receiving matrix;Y 1q =[y 11 (q),y 12 (q),…,y 1,2N+1 (q)] T ,Y 2q =[y 21 (q),y 22 (q),…,y 2,2M+1 (q)] T For the received vector in the q-th symbol period, T represents a transpose operation;is a guide vector; wherein θ is 1 An angle θ for the beam arrival of the first antenna array 2 An angle is reached for a beam of the second antenna array;S=[S 1 ,S 2 ,…,S Q ]training sequence vectors formed by Q pilot symbols;W 1 =[W 11 W 12 ,…,W 1Q ],W 2 =[W 21 W 22 ,…,W 2Q ]is a noise matrix;W 1q =[W 11 (q),W 12 (q),…,W 1,2N+1 (q)] T ;W 2q =[W 21 (q),W 22 (q),…,W 2,2M+1 (q)] T ;W 1q 、W 2q a noise vector for the q-th symbol period;the array elements of the virtual antenna array are the array elements of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, and the center of the virtual antenna array is O 1 、O 2 A midpoint of the connection line;the beam arrival angle relation of each group of antenna arrays determined according to the relative position information among each group of antenna arrays comprises:θ 1 =φ 1 +θ; (1)θ 2 =φ 2 -θ; (2)wherein θ is a beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array;rewriting a received signal model of each group of antenna arrays according to the phase relation and the beam arrival angle relation, including:the receiving signals taking the first array element of the first antenna array as a reference point in the q-th symbol period are as follows:at the center point O of the first antenna array 1 The position is a reference point, and according to formula (1), the received signal of the nth array element of the first antenna array in the qth symbol period is rewritten as follows:Where n=1, 2, …,2n+1;the receiving signals taking the first array element of the second antenna array as a reference point in the q-th symbol period of the m-th array element of the second antenna array are as follows:with the center point O of the second antenna array 2 The position is the reference point, and the received signal of the m-th array element of the second antenna array in the q-th symbol period is rewritten as follows according to the formula (2):with the central point O of the first antenna element 1 The position is a reference point according to the formulas (1) (2) and O 2 With O 1 And (2) rewrites the received signal of the mth element of the second antenna array in the qth symbol period to:wherein m=1, 2, …,2m+1;determining the received signal model of the virtual antenna array based on the rewritten received signal models of the antenna arrays of each group, comprising:according to formulas (4) and (7), stacking the received signals of the virtual antenna array into a matrix of (2N+2M+2) multiplied by Q dimension, and obtaining a received signal model of the virtual antenna array as follows:Y=[y(1),y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W;wherein,
- the method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays consist of a first antenna array and a second antenna array;The relative position information of the at least two groups of uniformly linear antenna arrays includes: the array element interval d in the first antenna array and the second antenna array is half wavelength lambda/2, wherein lambda is wavelength, the number of array elements in the first antenna array is 2N+1, the number of array elements in the second antenna array is 2M+1, and the center point O of the first antenna array 1 And the center point O of the second antenna array 2 Distance of K (lambda/2), O 1 With O 2 The included angle between the connection line of the first antenna array and the radial direction is phi 1 ,O 1 With O 2 The included angle between the connecting line of the second antenna array and the radial direction is phi 2 ;The received signal model of the first antenna array in the first q symbol periods is:Y 1 =A 1 S+W 1 ;the received signal model of the second antenna array in the first q symbol periods is:Y 2 =A 2 S+W 2 ;wherein Y is 1 =[Y 11 ,Y 12 ,…,Y 1Q ],Y 2 =[Y 21 ,Y 22 ,…,Y 2Q ,]Is a receiving matrix;Y 1q =[y 11 (q),y 12 (q),…,y 1,2N+1 (q)] T ,Y 2q =[y 21 (q),y 22 (q),…,y 2,2M+1 (q)] T for the received vector in the q-th symbol period, T represents a transpose operation;is a guide vector; wherein θ is 1 An angle θ for the beam arrival of the first antenna array 2 An angle is reached for a beam of the second antenna array;S=[S 1 ,S 2 ,…,S Q ]training sequence vectors formed by Q pilot symbols;W 1 =[W 11 W 12 ,…,W 1Q ],W 2 =[W 21 W 22 ,…,W 2Q ]is a noise matrix;W 1q =[W 11 (q),W 12 (q),…,W 1,2N+1 (q)] T ;W 2q =[W 21 (q),W 22 (q),…,W 2,2M+1 (q)] T ;W 1q 、W 2q a noise vector for the q-th symbol period;The array elements of the virtual antenna array are the array elements of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, and the center of the virtual antenna array is O 1 、O 2 A midpoint of the connection line;the received signal model of the virtual antenna array is as follows:Y=[y(1),y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W;wherein,each array element in the virtual antenna array uses the center point O of the first antenna array in the q-th symbol period 1 The received signal for the reference point satisfies the following relationship:wherein θ 1 =φ 1 +θ,θ 2 =φ 2 - θ; n=1, 2, …,2n+1; m=1, 2, …,2m+1; θ is the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array.
- The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein prior to estimating the beam angle of arrival of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array, the method further comprises:calculating an initial estimated value of a beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays based on a received signal model of each group of antenna arrays in the at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays;and determining the search range of the spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm according to the initial estimation value of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays.
- The method of claim 5, wherein the search range is:Wherein, for an initial estimate of the beam angle of arrival of the first antenna array,and delta is a preset value which is an initial estimated value of the beam arrival angle of the second antenna array.
- The method of claim 6, wherein Δ is inversely related to signal-to-noise ratio.
- The method of any of claims 1-7, wherein after estimating the beam angle of arrival of the virtual antenna array based on a received signal model of the virtual antenna array using a spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm, the method further comprises:and updating the initial final estimated value of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays according to the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna arrays to obtain the final estimated value of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays.
- An apparatus for estimating an angle of arrival of a beam, comprising:a construction module for constructing a set of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays based on at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays; establishing a receiving signal model of the virtual antenna array according to the relative position information between each group of antenna arrays in the at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays and the receiving signal model of each group of antenna arrays;The estimation module is used for estimating the wave beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array by adopting a spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm.
- The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the building module, when building the received signal model of the virtual antenna array based on the relative position information between each of the at least two groups of uniformly linear antenna arrays and the received signal models of each of the groups of antenna arrays, is specifically configured to:determining the beam arrival angle relation and the phase relation of each group of antenna arrays according to the relative position information of the at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays;rewriting a received signal model of each antenna array according to the phase relation and the beam arrival angle relation, enabling a dependent variable in the received signal model of each antenna array to be represented by the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array, and enabling a received vector of each array element in the received signal model of each antenna array to be represented by taking a received vector of a first array element as a reference, wherein the first array element is any array element in the at least two groups of uniformly linear antenna arrays;And determining the receiving signal model of the virtual antenna array based on the rewritten receiving signal models of the antenna arrays of each group.
- The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays consist of a first antenna array and a second antenna array;the relative position information of the at least two groups of uniformly linear antenna arrays includes: the array element interval d in the first antenna array and the second antenna array is half wavelength lambda/2, wherein lambda is wavelength, the number of array elements in the first antenna array is 2N+1, the number of array elements in the second antenna array is 2M+1, and the center point O of the first antenna array 1 And the center point O of the second antenna array 2 Distance of K (lambda/2), O 1 With O 2 The included angle between the connection line of the first antenna array and the radial direction is phi 1 ,O 1 With O 2 The included angle between the connecting line of the second antenna array and the radial direction is phi 2 ;The received signal model of the first antenna array taking the first array element as the reference point in Q symbol periods is as follows:Y 1 =A 1 S+W 1 ;the second antenna array uses the first array element as the reference point in the first q symbol periods to receive the signal model as follows:Y 2 =A 2 S+W 2 ;wherein Y is 1 =[y 11 ,y 12 ,…,y 1Q ],Y 2 =[y 21 ,y 22 ,…,y 2Q ,]Is a receiving matrix;Y 1q =[y 11 (q),y 12 (q),…,y 1,2N+1 (q)],Y 2q =[y 21 (q),y 22 (q),…,y 2,2M+1 (q)]Is the received vector in the q-th symbol period;is a guide vector; wherein θ is 1 An angle θ for the beam arrival of the first antenna array 2 An angle is reached for a beam of the second antenna array;S=[S 1 ,S 2 ,…,S Q ]training sequence vectors formed by Q pilot symbols;W 1 =[W 11 W 12 ,…,W 1Q ],W 2 =[W 21 W 22 ,…,W 2Q ]is a noise matrix;W 1q =[W 11 (q),W 12 (q),…,W 1,2N+1 (q)];W 2q =[W 21 (q),W 22 (q),…,W 2,2M+1 (q)];W 1q 、W 2q a noise vector for the q-th symbol period;the array elements of the virtual antenna array are the array elements of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, and the center of the virtual antenna array is O 1 、O 2 A midpoint of the connection line;the construction module determines the beam arrival angle relation of each group of antenna arrays according to the relative position information among the groups of antenna arrays, and comprises the following steps:θ 1 =ф 1 +θ; (1)θ 2 =ф 2 -θ; (2)wherein θ is a beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array;the construction module is specifically configured to, when rewriting the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays according to the phase relationship and the beam arrival angle relationship:the receiving signals taking the first array element of the first antenna array as a reference point in the q-th symbol period are as follows:at the center point O of the first antenna array 1 The position is a reference point, and according to formula (1), the received signal of the nth array element of the first antenna array in the qth symbol period is rewritten as follows:Where n=1, 2, …,2n+1;the receiving signals taking the first array element of the second antenna array as a reference point in the q-th symbol period of the m-th array element of the second antenna array are as follows:with the center point O of the second antenna array 2 The position is the reference point, and the received signal of the m-th array element of the second antenna array in the q-th symbol period is rewritten as follows according to the formula (2):with the central point O of the first antenna element 1 The position is a reference point according to the formulas (1) (2) and O 2 With O 1 And (2) rewrites the received signal of the mth element of the second antenna array in the qth symbol period to:wherein m=1, 2, …,2m+1;the construction module is specifically configured to, when determining the received signal model of the virtual antenna array based on the rewritten received signal models of the antenna arrays of each group:according to formulas (4) and (7), stacking the received signals of the virtual antenna array into a matrix of (2N+2M+2) multiplied by Q dimension, and obtaining a received signal model of the virtual antenna array as follows:Y=[y(1),y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W;wherein,
- the apparatus of claim 9 or 10, wherein the at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays consist of a first antenna array and a second antenna array;The relative position information of the at least two groups of uniformly linear antenna arrays includes: the array element interval d in the first antenna array and the second antenna array is half wavelength lambda/2, wherein lambda is wavelength, the number of array elements in the first antenna array is 2N+1, the number of array elements in the second antenna array is 2M+1, and the center point O of the first antenna array 1 With the second antenna arrayCenter point O 2 Distance of K (lambda/2), O 1 With O 2 The included angle between the connection line of the first antenna array and the radial direction is phi 1 ,O 1 With O 2 The included angle between the connecting line of the second antenna array and the radial direction is phi 2 ;The received signal model of the first antenna array in the first q symbol periods is:Y 1 =A 1 S+W 1 ;the received signal model of the second antenna array in the first q symbol periods is:Y 2 =A 2 S+W 2 ;wherein Y is 1 =[y 11 ,y 12 ,…,y 1Q ],Y 2 =[y 21 ,y 22 ,…,y 2Q ,]Is a receiving matrix;Y 1q =[y 11 (q),y 12 (q),…,y 1,2N+1 (q)],Y 2q =[y 21 (q),y 22 (q),…,y 2,2M+1 (q)]is the received vector in the q-th symbol period;is a guide vector; wherein θ is 1 An angle θ for the beam arrival of the first antenna array 2 An angle is reached for a beam of the second antenna array;S=[S 1 ,S 2 ,…,S Q ]training sequence vectors formed by Q pilot symbols;W 1 =[W 11 W 12 ,…,W 1Q ],W 2 =[W 21 W 22 ,…,W 2Q ]is a noise matrix;W 1q =[W 11 (q),W 12 (q),…,W 1,2N+1 (q)];W 2q =[W 21 (q),W 22 (q),…,W 2,2M+1 (q)];W 1q 、W 2q a noise vector for the q-th symbol period;the array elements of the virtual antenna array are the array elements of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, and the center of the virtual antenna array is O 1 、O 2 A midpoint of the connection line;the received signal model of the virtual antenna array is as follows:Y=[y(1),y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W;wherein,each array element in the virtual antenna array uses the center point O of the first antenna array in the q-th symbol period 1 The received signal for the reference point satisfies the following relationship:wherein θ 1 =ф 1 +θ,θ 2 =ф 2 - θ; n=1, 2, …,2n+1; m=1, 2, …,2m+1; θ is the virtualAngle of beam arrival of the antenna array.
- The apparatus of any of claims 9-12, wherein the estimation module is further to:before estimating the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array, calculating an initial estimated value of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays based on the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays in the at least two groups of uniformly linear antenna arrays;and determining the search range of the spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm according to the initial estimation value of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays.
- The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the search range is:wherein, for an initial estimate of the beam angle of arrival of the first antenna array,and delta is a preset value which is an initial estimated value of the beam arrival angle of the second antenna array.
- The apparatus of claim 14, wherein Δ is inversely related to signal-to-noise ratio.
- The apparatus of any of claims 9-15, wherein the estimation module is further to:and after estimating the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array by using a spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm, updating the initial final estimated value of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays according to the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array to obtain the final estimated value of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays.
- An antenna system, comprising:each remote radio unit comprises a group of uniform linear antenna arrays, and the remote radio units are used for receiving wireless signals;the baseband processing unit is in communication connection with the at least two remote radio units and is used for: constructing a group of non-uniform linear virtual antenna arrays based on at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays, wherein the virtual antenna arrays meet far field hypothesis conditions; establishing a receiving signal model of the virtual antenna array according to the relative position information between each group of antenna arrays in the at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays and the receiving signal model of each group of antenna arrays; and estimating the wave beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array by adopting a spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm.
- The system of claim 17, wherein the baseband processing unit is configured to, when establishing the received signal model of the virtual antenna array based on the relative position information between each of the at least two groups of uniformly linear antenna arrays and the received signal models of each of the groups of antenna arrays:determining the beam arrival angle relation and the phase relation of each group of antenna arrays according to the relative position information of the at least two groups of uniform linear antenna arrays;rewriting a received signal model of each antenna array according to the phase relation and the beam arrival angle relation, enabling a dependent variable in the received signal model of each antenna array to be represented by the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array, and enabling a received vector of each array element in the received signal model of each antenna array to be represented by taking a received vector of a first array element as a reference, wherein the first array element is any array element in the at least two groups of uniformly linear antenna arrays;and determining the receiving signal model of the virtual antenna array based on the rewritten receiving signal models of the antenna arrays of each group.
- The system of claim 18, wherein the at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays consist of a first antenna array and a second antenna array;the relative position information of the at least two groups of uniformly linear antenna arrays includes: the array element interval d in the first antenna array and the second antenna array is half wavelength lambda/2, wherein lambda is wavelength, the number of array elements in the first antenna array is 2N+1, the number of array elements in the second antenna array is 2M+1, and the center point O of the first antenna array 1 And the center point O of the second antenna array 2 Distance of K (lambda/2), O 1 With O 2 The included angle between the connection line of the first antenna array and the radial direction is phi 1 ,O 1 With O 2 The included angle between the connecting line of the second antenna array and the radial direction is phi 2 ;The received signal model of the first antenna array taking the first array element as the reference point in Q symbol periods is as follows:Y 1 =A 1 S+W 1 ;the second antenna array uses the first array element as the reference point in the first q symbol periods to receive the signal model as follows:Y 2 =A 2 S+W 2 ;wherein Y is 1 =[y 11 ,y 12 ,…,y 1Q ],Y 2 =[y 21 ,y 22 ,…,y 2Q ,]Is a receiving matrix;Y 1q =[y 11 (q),y 12 (q),…,y 1,2N+1 (q)],Y 2q =[y 21 (q),y 22 (q),…,y 2,2M+1 (q)]is the received vector in the q-th symbol period;is a guide vector; wherein θ is 1 An angle θ for the beam arrival of the first antenna array 2 An angle is reached for a beam of the second antenna array;S=[S 1 ,S 2 ,…,S Q ]training sequence vectors formed by Q pilot symbols;W 1 =[W 11 W 12 ,…,W 1Q ],W 2 =[W 21 W 22 ,…,W 2Q ]is a noise matrix;W 1q =[W 11 (q),W 12 (q),…,W 1,2N+1 (q)];W 2q =[W 21 (q),W 22 (q),…,W 2,2M+1 (q)];W 1q 、W 2q a noise vector for the q-th symbol period;the array elements of the virtual antenna array are the array elements of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, and the center of the virtual antenna array is O 1 、O 2 A midpoint of the connection line;the beam arrival angle relation of each group of antenna arrays determined according to the relative position information among each group of antenna arrays comprises:θ 1 =ф 1 +θ; (1)θ 2 =ф 2 -θ; (2)wherein θ is a beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array;the baseband processing unit is specifically configured to, when rewriting the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays according to the phase relationship and the beam arrival angle relationship:the receiving signals taking the first array element of the first antenna array as a reference point in the q-th symbol period are as follows:at the center point O of the first antenna array 1 The position is a reference point, and according to formula (1), the received signal of the nth array element of the first antenna array in the qth symbol period is rewritten as follows:where n=1, 2, …,2n+1;the receiving signals taking the first array element of the second antenna array as a reference point in the q-th symbol period of the m-th array element of the second antenna array are as follows:With the center point O of the second antenna array 2 The position is used as a reference point, and the m-th array element of the second antenna array is received in the q-th symbol period according to the formula (2)The signal is rewritten as:with the central point O of the first antenna element 1 The position is a reference point according to the formulas (1) (2) and O 2 With O 1 And (2) rewrites the received signal of the mth element of the second antenna array in the qth symbol period to:wherein m=1, 2, …,2m+1;the baseband processing unit is specifically configured to, when determining the received signal model of the virtual antenna array based on the rewritten received signal models of the antenna arrays of each group:according to formulas (4) and (7), stacking the received signals of the virtual antenna array into a matrix of (2N+2M+2) multiplied by Q dimension, and obtaining a received signal model of the virtual antenna array as follows:Y=[y(1),y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W;wherein,
- the system of claim 17 or 18, wherein the at least two sets of uniform linear antenna arrays consist of a first antenna array and a second antenna array;the relative position information of the at least two groups of uniformly linear antenna arrays includes: the array element interval d in the first antenna array and the second antenna array is half wavelength lambda/2, wherein lambda is wavelength, the number of array elements in the first antenna array is 2N+1, and the number of array elements in the second antenna array is 2N+1 The number of array elements of the second antenna array is 2M+1, and the center point O of the first antenna array 1 And the center point O of the second antenna array 2 Distance of K (lambda/2), O 1 With O 2 The included angle between the connection line of the first antenna array and the radial direction is phi 1 ,O 1 With O 2 The included angle between the connecting line of the second antenna array and the radial direction is phi 2 ;The received signal model of the first antenna array in the first q symbol periods is:Y 1 =A 1 S+W 1 ;the received signal model of the second antenna array in the first q symbol periods is:Y 2 =A 2 S+W 2 ;wherein Y is 1 =[y 11 ,y 12 ,…,y 1Q ],Y 2 =[y 21 ,y 22 ,…,y 2Q ,]Is a receiving matrix;Y 1q =[y 11 (q),y 12 (q),…,y 1,2N+1 (q)],Y 2q =[y 21 (q),y 22 (q),…,y 2,2M+1 (q)]is the received vector in the q-th symbol period;is a guide vector; wherein θ is 1 An angle θ for the beam arrival of the first antenna array 2 An angle is reached for a beam of the second antenna array;S=[S 1 ,S 2 ,…,S Q ]training sequence vectors formed by Q pilot symbols;W 1 =[W 11 W 12 ,…,W 1Q ],W 2 =[W 21 W 22 ,…,W 2Q ]is a noise matrix;W 1q =[W 11 (q),W 12 (q),…,W 1,2N+1 (q)];W 2q =[W 21 (q),W 22 (q),…,W 2,2M+1 (q)];W 1q 、W 2q a noise vector for the q-th symbol period;the array elements of the virtual antenna array are the array elements of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, and the center of the virtual antenna array is O 1 、O 2 A midpoint of the connection line;the received signal model of the virtual antenna array is as follows:Y=[y(1),y(2),…,y(Q)]=AS+W;wherein,each array element in the virtual antenna array uses the center point O of the first antenna array in the q-th symbol period 1 The received signal for the reference point satisfies the following relationship:wherein θ 1 =ф 1 +θ,θ 2 =ф 2 - θ; n=1, 2, …,2n+1; m=1, 2, …,2m+1; θ is the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array.
- The system of any of claims 17-20, wherein the baseband processing unit is further configured to:before estimating the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array, calculating an initial estimated value of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays based on the received signal model of each group of antenna arrays in the at least two groups of uniformly linear antenna arrays;and determining the search range of the spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm according to the initial estimation value of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays.
- The system of claim 21, wherein the search range is:wherein, for an initial estimate of the beam angle of arrival of the first antenna array,and delta is a preset value which is an initial estimated value of the beam arrival angle of the second antenna array.
- The system of claim 22, wherein Δ is inversely related to signal-to-noise ratio.
- The system of any of claims 17-23, wherein the baseband processing unit is further configured to:And after estimating the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array based on the received signal model of the virtual antenna array by using a spatial super-resolution angle estimation algorithm, updating the initial final estimated value of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays according to the beam arrival angle of the virtual antenna array to obtain the final estimated value of the beam arrival angle of each group of antenna arrays.
- A communication device comprising a processor and a memory; the memory is used for storing computer execution instructions; the processor is configured to execute computer-executable instructions stored in the memory to cause the communication device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
- A communication device comprising a processor and an interface circuit; the interface circuit is used for receiving code instructions and transmitting the code instructions to the processor; the processor executes the code instructions to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
- A computer readable storage medium for storing instructions that, when executed, cause the method of any one of claims 1 to 8 to be implemented.
- A chip, characterized in that the chip is coupled to a memory for reading and executing program instructions stored in the memory, implementing the method according to any of claims 1 to 8.
- A computer program product comprising instructions stored therein, which when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 8.
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