CN116918124A - Nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising same - Google Patents
Nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116918124A CN116918124A CN202280013449.4A CN202280013449A CN116918124A CN 116918124 A CN116918124 A CN 116918124A CN 202280013449 A CN202280013449 A CN 202280013449A CN 116918124 A CN116918124 A CN 116918124A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- substituted
- unsubstituted
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- lithium
- Prior art date
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 37
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004765 (C1-C4) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005133 alkynyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000000 cycloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005092 alkenyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005225 alkynyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004465 cycloalkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006272 (C3-C7) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001313 C5-C10 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003830 C1- C4 alkylcarbonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013398 LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 claims 1
- -1 methylene-phenylene Chemical group 0.000 description 34
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-fluorosulfonylsulfamoyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)NS(F)(=O)=O KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DOYSIZKQWJYULQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoro-n-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)ethanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F DOYSIZKQWJYULQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910003936 Li(Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005083 alkoxyalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002102 aryl alkyloxo group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 125000006297 carbonyl amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:2])C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000530 1-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
- LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)OC1C LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC1OC(=O)OC1C LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)O1 SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC1COC(=O)O1 AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004406 Li(Ni0.6Mn0.2CO0.2)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004427 Li(Ni0.7Mn0.15Co0.15)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004437 Li(Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012820 LiCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002995 LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AUBNQVSSTJZVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M P(=O)([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.[Li+] Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.[Li+] AUBNQVSSTJZVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001162 cycloheptenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002433 cyclopentenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005290 ethynyloxy group Chemical group C(#C)O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TURAMGVWNUTQKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propa-1,2-dien-1-one Chemical group C=C=C=O TURAMGVWNUTQKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The present application provides a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, which comprises a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a phosphoric acid type additive of a specific structure. By adding the phosphoric acid type additive of the embodiment of the present application to the electrolyte, the lithium secondary battery can significantly improve high temperature stability.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to a nonaqueous electrolyte for a secondary battery capable of improving high-temperature storage characteristics and life characteristics of a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.
The present application claims the priority of korean patent application No.10-2021-0155291, filed on 11.12 of 2021, and korean patent application No.10-2022-0144893, filed on 11.3 of 2022, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Background
Recently, as the application field of lithium secondary batteries is rapidly extended not only to power supply of electronic devices such as power, electronics, communication, and computers, but also to storage and supply of electric power to large-area devices such as automobiles and power storage devices, the demand for secondary batteries having high capacity, high power, and high stability is increasing.
Lithium secondary batteries are generally manufactured by the following processes: a positive electrode active material made of a lithium-containing transition metal oxide or a negative electrode active material made of a carbon material or a silicon material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions, and a mixture of an optional binder and a conductive material are applied to the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector, respectively, to prepare a positive electrode and a negative electrode, which are laminated on both sides of a separator to form an electrode assembly of a predetermined shape, and then the electrode assembly and a nonaqueous electrolyte are placed in a battery case. Here, the above manufacturing method almost has to undergo the formation and aging processes in order to secure the performance of the battery.
The formation process is a step of activating the secondary battery by repeating charge and discharge after assembling the battery, wherein lithium ions from the lithium-containing transition metal oxide serving as the positive electrode move and intercalate into the carbon material negative electrode active material serving as the negative electrode during charge. In this case, highly reactive lithium ions react with the electrolyte to produce, for example, li 2 CO 3 、Li 2 O, liOH and LiF, etc., and these compounds form a Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) layer on the electrode surface. The formation of the SEI layer is an important factor because the SEI layer closely affects the life span and the maintenance of capacity.
In recent years, particularly in lithium secondary batteries for automobiles, high capacity, high power and long life characteristics have become important. When considering a positive electrode of high capacity, a positive electrode active material having high energy density but low stability is used, and therefore, it is required to form an active material-electrolyte interface capable of stabilizing the positive electrode active material by protecting the surface of the positive electrode active material, and when considering a negative electrode, it is reported that the surface substance of the negative electrode is decomposed into an electrolyte and causes side reactions.
In particular, lithium ion batteries currently use high voltage and high nickel content positive electrodes to ensure energy density in many cases, but as the voltage of the battery increases, electrochemical side reactions increase on the surface of the positive electrode, and in the case of Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM) positive electrodes, as the nickel content increases, structural instability may increase, and decomposition of the electrolyte may be promoted. In this case, the solvent is decomposed, thus generating gas or increasing resistance, and the decomposition of the salt generates HF, thereby accelerating leaching of the transition metal of the metal oxide positive electrode active material. In addition, the SEI layer formed on the surface of the active material is damaged, resulting in problems such as an increase in resistance and deterioration in life of the battery, and HF, PF generated in the electrolyte when stored at high temperature 5 Etc. gradually disintegrate the positive electrode structure and the SEI layer, and additional side reactions may occur at the electrode.
Accordingly, in the related art, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, research is being conducted to form a stable SEI layer capable of suppressing side reactions during high temperature storage, and as part of this, research into additives in an electrolyte solution is also being continued.
[ Prior Art literature ]
(patent document 1) Korean patent laid-open No. 10-2011-0111189
(patent document 2) Korean patent laid-open No.10-2015-0089712
Disclosure of Invention
[ technical problem ]
The present application is intended to solve the conventional problems, and therefore the present application is intended to provide an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery capable of improving the high-temperature storage characteristics and the life characteristics of a lithium secondary battery by introducing a phosphoric acid type additive having a specific structure excellent in conductivity capable of forming a film that can effectively inhibit side reactions on the surfaces of a positive electrode and a negative electrode that inevitably occur in a lithium secondary battery, as an additive into a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery.
In addition, the present application aims to provide a lithium secondary battery having significantly improved durability, i.e., high-temperature storage characteristics and life characteristics, by introducing a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery as described above so that a film is formed on the surfaces of a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
Technical scheme
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, comprising a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a phosphoric acid type additive represented by the following formula 1:
[ 1]
Wherein R is a functional group contributing to the formation of the above film, and is a functional group having a chain or ring structure containing at least one element selected from H, C, N, O, F, P, S and Si.
In addition, an embodiment of the present application provides a nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries, wherein R in formula 1 are the same or different from each other and may each be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted mercapto, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-7 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-7 Haloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-7 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-7 Alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-7 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkoxy-C 1-4 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-7 Alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-7 Alkynyloxy and takingSubstituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 Cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 Cycloalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 Cycloalkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted 3-7 membered heterocycloalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 Aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted 5-to 10-membered heteroaryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted mono-or di-C 1-4 Alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted mono-or di-C 6-10 Arylamino, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkylcarbonylamino, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkylcarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkoxycarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkenyloxycarbonyl and substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkynyloxycarbonyl groups.
An embodiment of the present application provides a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, wherein R in formula 1 are the same or different from each other and may each be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Haloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted mono-or di-C 1-4 Alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkylcarbonyl and substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkoxycarbonyl groups.
An embodiment of the present application provides a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, wherein R in formula 1 are the same or different from each other and may each be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Haloalkyl and substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkenyl groups.
An embodiment of the present application provides a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, wherein the phosphoric acid type additive may be contained in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt% based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
One embodiment of the present application provides a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, wherein the lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of LiCl, liBr, liI, liBF 4 、LiClO 4 、LiB 10 Cl 10 、LiAlCl 4 、LiAlO 4 、LiPF 6 、LiCF 3 SO 3 、LiCH 3 CO 2 、LiCF 3 CO 2 、LiAsF 6 、LiSbF 6 、LiCH 3 SO 3 、LiSO 3 F. LiFSI (bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide lithium LiN (SO) 2 F) 2 ) LiBETI (bis (perfluoroethanesulfonyl) imide lithium LiN (SO) 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 ) And LiTFSI (bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide lithium LiN (SO) 2 CF 3 ) 2 ) A group of groups.
An embodiment of the present application provides a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, wherein the concentration of the lithium salt is 0.1M to 3M.
An embodiment of the present application provides a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, wherein the organic solvent includes at least one selected from the group consisting of ethers, esters, amides, linear carbonates, and cyclic carbonates.
An embodiment of the present application provides a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery as described above.
An embodiment of the present application provides a lithium secondary battery in which the positive electrode has a layered structure formed of a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material contains a lithium composite transition metal oxide having a nickel content of 60atm% or more of all transition metals.
Advantageous effects
The nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present application exhibits an effect of suppressing decomposition reaction of the nonaqueous electrolyte itself by containing a phosphoric acid type additive having a specific structure, and effectively suppresses side reactions on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode which inevitably occur in the lithium secondary battery by forming films on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
Accordingly, the present application shows an effect of improving durability, i.e., high-temperature storage characteristics and life characteristics of a lithium secondary battery comprising the nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery.
Detailed Description
The embodiments provided according to the present application can be realized by the following description in whole. It is to be understood that the following description presents preferred embodiments of the application and that the application is not necessarily limited thereto.
As used herein, the term "C n1-n2 "means that the number of carbon atoms in the functional group is from n1 to n2.
As used herein, the term "alkyl" refers to a straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon containing one free radical, wherein one free radical determines the binding site of a functional group, and the binding site is not particularly limited. Examples of the term "alkyl" include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, and the like.
As used herein, the term "alkylene" refers to a straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon containing two radicals, wherein each of the two radicals determines a binding site for a functional group, and the binding site is not particularly limited. Examples of the term "alkylene" include, but are not necessarily limited to, methylene, ethylene, and the like.
As used herein, the term "alkenyl" refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon containing one free radical and having at least one carbon-carbon double bond, wherein one free radical determines the binding site of a functional group, and the binding site is not particularly limited. Examples of the term "alkenyl" include, but are not necessarily limited to, ethenyl, propenyl, and the like.
As used herein, the term "alkynyl" refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon containing one free radical and having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, wherein one free radical determines the binding site of a functional group, and the binding site is not particularly limited. Examples of the term "alkynyl" include, but are not necessarily limited to, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, and the like.
As used herein, the term "halogen" refers to fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I).
As used herein, the term "haloalkyl" means that one or more hydrogens in the alkyl group have been replaced with halogen.
As used herein, the term "cycloalkyl" refers to a saturated hydrocarbon containing one radical and having one or more rings, wherein one radical determines the binding site of a functional group, and the binding site is not particularly limited. Examples of the term "cycloalkyl" include, but are not necessarily limited to, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and the like.
As used herein, the term "cycloalkenyl" refers to a hydrocarbon containing one free radical, having one or more rings, and having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the rings, where one free radical determines the binding site of a functional group, and the binding site is not particularly limited. Examples of the term "cycloalkenyl" include, but are not necessarily limited to, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and the like.
As used herein, the term "n 1 -n 2 The term "represents the sum of the number of carbon atoms and the number of hetero elements is n 1 To n 2 . Hetero elements broadly represent elements other than carbon, but in this specification the term "n 1 -n 2 The element "used before the cyclic functional group" means the number of elements constituting the ring.
As used herein, the term "heterocycloalkyl" refers to a saturated hydrocarbon containing one radical, having one or more rings, and having one or more heteroatoms in the rings, wherein one radical determines the binding site of a functional group, and the binding site is not particularly limited. The hetero elements may form rings and illustratively include O, N, S, P and the like. Examples of the term "heterocycloalkyl" include, but are not necessarily limited to, piperidinyl and tetrahydropyranyl.
As used herein, the term "aryl" refers to an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon containing one radical and having one or more rings, wherein one radical determines the binding site of a functional group, and the binding site is not particularly limited. Examples of the term "aryl" include, but are not necessarily limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, and the like.
As used herein, the term "arylene" refers to an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon containing two radicals and having one or more rings, wherein each of the two radicals determines a binding site for a functional group, and the binding site is not particularly limited. Examples of the term "arylene" include, but are not necessarily limited to, phenylene, naphthylene, and the like. The foregoing "alkylene" and "arylene" may be used in combination in the form of, for example, methylene-phenylene or the like.
As used herein, the term "heteroaryl" refers to an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon containing one radical, having one or more rings, and having one or more heteroatoms in the rings, wherein one radical determines the binding site of a functional group, and the binding site is not particularly limited. The hetero elements may form rings and illustratively include O, N, S and the like. Examples of the term "heteroaryl" include, but are not necessarily limited to, pyrrolyl, furanyl, and the like.
The term "alkoxy" as used herein means-OR a A functional group in the form of, wherein R a Is an alkyl group as described above. Examples of the term "alkoxy" include, but are not necessarily limited to, methoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy and the like.
The term "alkoxy-alkoxy" as used herein means-OR a -OR b A functional group in the form of, wherein R a Is alkylene, R b Is an alkyl group as described above. Examples of the term "alkoxy-alkoxy" include, but are not necessarily limited to, methoxy-methoxy, methoxy-ethoxy, ethoxy-ethoxy, and the like.
The term "aryl-alkoxy" as used herein refers to-OR a -R b A functional group in the form of, wherein R a Is alkylene, R b Is an aryl group as described above. Examples of the term "aryl-alkoxy" include, but are not necessarily limited to, phenyl-methoxy, phenyl-ethoxy, and the like.
As used herein, the term "alkenyloxy" refers to-OR a A functional group in the form of, wherein R a Is as aboveSaid alkenyl group. Examples of the term "alkenyloxy" include, but are not necessarily limited to, ethyleneoxy, propyleneoxy, and the like.
As used herein, the term "alkynyloxy" refers to-OR a A functional group in the form of, wherein R a Are alkynyl groups as described above. Examples of the term "alkynyloxy" include, but are not necessarily limited to, ethynyloxy, propynyloxy, and the like.
The term "cycloalkoxy" as used herein means-OR a A functional group in the form of, wherein R a Is cycloalkyl as described above. Examples of the term "cycloalkoxy" include, but are not necessarily limited to, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, and the like.
As used herein, the term "cycloalkenyloxy" refers to-OR a A functional group in the form of, wherein R a Is a cycloalkenyl group as described above. Examples of the term "cycloalkenyloxy" include, but are not necessarily limited to, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexenyloxy, and the like.
The term "heterocycloalkoxy" as used herein refers to-OR a A functional group in the form of, wherein R a Is a heterocycloalkyl group as described above. Examples of the term "heterocycloalkoxy" include, but are not necessarily limited to, piperidinyloxy, tetrahydropyranyl oxy, and the like.
As used herein, the term "aryloxy" refers to-OR a A functional group in the form of, wherein R a Is an aryl group as described above. Examples of the term "aryloxy" include, but are not necessarily limited to, phenoxy, naphthoxy, and the like.
The term "heteroaryloxy" as used herein refers to-OR a A functional group in the form of, wherein R a Is heteroaryl as described above. Examples of the term "heteroaryloxy" include, but are not necessarily limited to, pyrrolyloxy, furanyloxy, and the like.
As used herein, the term "mercapto" refers to a functional group in the form of-SH.
As used herein, the term "hydroxyl" refers to a functional group in the form of-OH.
The term "amino" as used herein refers to-NH 2 A functional group in the form of a group. One or more hydrogens in the amino group as described above may be replaced by alkyl, cycloalkyl as described aboveA group, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or the like. For example, if one hydrogen in an amino group is substituted with an alkyl group, it is referred to as a monoalkylamino group, and if two hydrogens in an amino group are substituted with an alkyl group, it is referred to as a dialkylamino group.
The term "carbonylamino" as used herein refers to-NHC (O) R a A functional group in the form of, wherein R a Is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or the like as described above. Wherein hydrogen may be substituted with an alkyl group or the like.
As used herein, the term "cyano" refers to a functional group in the form of a —cn.
As used herein, the term "carbamoyl" refers to-C (O) NH 2 A functional group in the form of a group. Wherein one or more hydrogens may also be substituted with alkyl groups or the like.
The term "nitro" as used herein refers to-NO 2 A functional group in the form of a group.
As used herein, the term "carbonyl" refers to-C (O) R a A functional group in the form of, wherein R a Is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy or the like as described above. For example, if R a Is alkyl, it is also referred to as "alkylcarbonyl", and if R a Is an alkoxy group, it is also referred to as "alkoxycarbonyl". In addition, if R a Is alkenyloxy, it is also referred to as "alkenyloxycarbonyl", and if R a Is alkynyloxy, then it is also referred to as "alkynyloxycarbonyl".
As used herein, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" means that the corresponding functional group exists in a state of having a substituent or not, and the term "substituted" means that a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom of a compound is changed to another substituent, and the substituted position is not limited as long as it is a position at which a hydrogen atom can be substituted, i.e., a position at which a substituent can be substituted, and when substituted with two or more substituents, the two or more substituents may be the same or different from each other.
Substituents may be used without particular limitation as long as they areWhich are substituents commonly used in the art. Examples of substituents may include halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amino, C 1-4 Alkyl, C 1-4 Haloalkyl, C 1-4 Alkoxy, C 1-4 alkoxy-C 1-4 Alkoxy, C 3-7 Cycloalkyl, C 3-7 Cycloalkenyl, C 3-7 Cycloalkoxy, 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 Aryl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, mono-or di-C 1-4 Alkylamino, mono-or di-C 6-10 Arylamino, carbonylamino, C 1-4 Alkylcarbonyl, C 1-4 Alkoxycarbonyl group, C 2-4 Alkenyloxycarbonyl, C 2-4 Alkynyloxycarbonyl, and the like.
In the present application, "when a substituent is not shown in the chemical formula or structure of a compound" means that a hydrogen atom is bonded to a carbon atom. However, due to deuterium 2 H) Is an isotope of hydrogen, and thus some hydrogen atoms may be deuterium.
The application provides a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, which comprises lithium salt, an organic solvent and a phosphoric acid type additive represented by the following formula 1:
[ 1]
Wherein R is a functional group contributing to film formation, which is a functional group having a chain or cyclic structure containing at least one element selected from H, C, N, O, F, P, S and Si.
In one embodiment of the present application, R in formula 1 are the same as or different from each other and may each be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted mercapto, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-7 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-7 Haloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-7 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-7 Alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-7 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkoxy-C 1-4 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-7 Alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-7 Alkynyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 Cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 Cycloalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 Cycloalkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted 3-7 membered heterocycloalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 Aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted 5-to 10-membered heteroaryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted mono-or di-C 1-4 Alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted mono-or di-C 6-10 Arylamino, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkylcarbonylamino, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkylcarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkoxycarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkenyloxycarbonyl and substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkynyloxycarbonyl groups.
In another embodiment of the present application, R in formula 1 are the same or different from each other and may each be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Haloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted mono-or di-C 1-4 Alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkylcarbonyl and substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkoxycarbonyl groups.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, R in formula 1 are the same or different from each other and may each be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Haloalkyl and substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkenyl groups.
In one embodiment of the present application, the phosphoric acid type additive may be contained in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt% based on the total weight of the electrolyte. Specifically, the content of the phosphoric acid type additive may be 0.01 wt% or more, 0.05 wt% or more, 0.1 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 1 wt% or more, 2 wt% or more, 10 wt% or less, 9 wt% or less, 8 wt% or less, 7 wt% or less, 6 wt% or less, 5 wt% or less, 4 wt% or less, 3 wt% or less, and may be 0.01 wt% to 10 wt%, 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, 0.5 wt% to 3 wt%, 1 wt% to 3 wt% based on the total weight of the electrolyte. If the content of the phosphoric acid type additive is less than the above range, no additive effect is exhibited when the battery is stored at a high temperature or operated for a long period of time, for example, suppression of the battery swelling phenomenon, improvement of the capacity retention ratio, and the like are not significant, and the effect of improving the resistance increase rate of the lithium secondary battery is not significant. If the content of the phosphoric acid type additive exceeds the above range, there is a problem in that the characteristics of the lithium secondary battery are deteriorated instead, for example, the resistance is excessively increased, leading to rapid deterioration of the life, etc. Therefore, it is preferable that the content of the phosphoric acid type additive satisfies the above range.
In one embodiment of the present application, the nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery may further include a material selected from the group consisting of lithium difluorooxalato borate (LiDFOB), lithium bisoxalato borate (LiB (C) 2 O 4 ) 2 LiBOB), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ) Lithium difluorooxalate phosphate (LiDFOP), lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate (LiTFOP), lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO) 2 F 2 ) Additives of the group consisting of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), ethylene carbonate (VC), vinyl Ethylene Carbonate (VEC), divinyl sulfone, ethylene sulfite, ethylene sulfate, propylene sulfite, diallyl sulfonate, ethane sultone, propane Sultone (PS), butane sultone, ethylene sultone, butene sultone and propylene sultone (PRS).
In one embodiment of the present application, the nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery may contain a lithium salt, which may include a compound selected from the group consisting of LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiBF 4 、LiClO 4 、LiB 10 Cl 10 、LiAlCl 4 、LiAlO 4 、LiPF 6 、LiCF 3 SO 3 、LiCH 3 CO 2 、LiCF 3 CO 2 、LiAsF 6 、LiSbF 6 、LiCH 3 SO 3 、LiSO 3 F. LiFSI (bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide lithium LiN (SO) 2 F) 2 ) LiBETI (bis (perfluoroethanesulfonyl) imide lithium LiN (SO) 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 ) And LiTFSI (bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide lithium LiN (SO) 2 CF 3 ) 2 ) At least one of the group consisting of.
In one embodiment of the present application, the concentration of the lithium salt may be 0.1M to 3.0M, preferably 0.5M to 2.5M, more preferably 0.8M to 2.0M. Specifically, the concentration of the lithium salt may be 0.1M or more, 0.2M or more, 0.3M or more, 0.4M or more, 0.5M or more, 0.6M or more, 0.7M or more, 0.8M or more, 0.9M or more, or 1.0M or more, and may be 3.0M or less, 2.5M or less, 2.0M or less, or 1.5M or less. If the concentration of the lithium salt is less than 0.1M, the conductivity of the electrolyte decreases and the performance of the electrolyte deteriorates. If the concentration of the lithium salt exceeds 3.0M, there is a problem in that the viscosity of the electrolyte increases and thus the mobility of lithium ions decreases. Therefore, it is preferable that the concentration of the lithium salt satisfies the above range. The lithium salt is used as a lithium ion source in the battery, thereby enabling the lithium secondary battery to perform basic operations.
LiPF 6 Other types of lithium salts than those described by LiCl, liBr, liI, liBF may be used 4 、LiClO 4 、LiB 10 Cl 10 、LiAlCl 4 、LiAlO 4 、LiPF 6 、LiCF 3 SO 3 、LiCH 3 CO 2 、LiCF 3 CO 2 、LiAsF 6 、LiSbF 6 、LiCH 3 SO 3 、LiSO 3 F. LiFSI (bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide lithium LiN (SO) 2 F) 2 ) LiBETI (lithium bis-perfluoroethanesulfonyl imide LiN (SO) 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 ) And LiTFSI (bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide lithium LiN (SO) 2 CF 3 ) 2 ) One or more of the group consisting of.
In addition, liPF 6 With LiPF 6 The molar ratio of other types of lithium salts than these is 1:1 to 10:1, preferably 4:1 to 10:1, and more preferably 6:1 to 10:1.LiPF (LiPF) 6 With LiPF 6 The lithium salt except for the above molar ratio is satisfied, so that a film capable of suppressing corrosion of the current collector is stably formed, and even side reactions of the electrolyte are suppressed at the same time.
In one embodiment of the present application, the nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries of the present application may contain an organic solvent, and the organic solvent is a solvent commonly used in lithium secondary batteries, and for example, an ether compound, an ester (acetate, propionate) compound, an amide compound, a linear carbonate or a cyclic carbonate compound may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
Of the compounds listed above, a mixture of linear carbonates and cyclic carbonates may be preferably used as the organic solvent. As the organic solvent, when a mixture of a linear carbonate and a cyclic carbonate is used, dissociation and movement of lithium salt can be promoted. In this case, the cyclic carbonate compound and the linear carbonate compound are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:9 to 6:4, preferably 1:9 to 4:6, more preferably 2:8 to 4:6.
Meanwhile, as specific examples, the linear carbonate compound may include one compound selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC), methyl Propyl Carbonate (MPC), and Ethyl Propyl Carbonate (EPC), or a mixture of at least two or more thereof, but is not limited thereto.
In addition, as specific examples, the cyclic carbonate compound may include one compound selected from the group consisting of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), propylene Carbonate (PC), 1, 2-butylene carbonate, 2, 3-butylene carbonate, 1, 2-pentylene carbonate, 2, 3-pentylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and halides thereof, or a mixture of at least two or more thereof.
In one embodiment of the present application, the operating voltage of the lithium secondary battery including the nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery may be 4.0V or more, preferably 4.1V or more, and more preferably 4.2V or more. If the operating voltage of the lithium secondary battery is less than 4.0V, the difference caused by the addition of the phosphoric acid type additive of the present application is not large. However, in the lithium secondary battery having an operating voltage of 4.0V or more, the additive exhibits an effect of rapidly improving high-temperature storage stability and capacity characteristics due to the addition of the additive.
Lithium secondary battery
Hereinafter, the lithium secondary battery of the present application will be described.
The lithium secondary battery of the present application includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery. More specifically, the lithium secondary battery includes: at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, a separator which may be selectively interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery as described above. At this time, since the nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries is the same as described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
(1) Positive electrode
The positive electrode may be prepared by coating a positive electrode active material slurry including a positive electrode active material, a binder for an electrode, a conductive material for an electrode, and a solvent on a positive electrode current collector. In addition, the positive electrode may have a layer structure containing a positive electrode active material.
The positive electrode current collector is not particularly restricted so long as it has high conductivity and does not cause chemical changes in the relevant battery. For example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like may be used. In this case, the positive electrode current collector may have minute irregularities formed on the surface thereof to enhance the binding force with the positive electrode active material, and may be formed in various forms, such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, a non-woven fabric, and the like.
The positive electrode active material is a compound capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating lithium, and may specifically include a lithium composite metal oxide including lithium and at least one metal (e.g., cobalt, manganese, nickel, or aluminum). More specifically, the lithium composite metal oxide may beIs a lithium manganese-based oxide (e.g. LiMnO 2 、LiMn 2 O 4 Etc.), lithium cobalt-based oxides (e.g. LiCoO 2 Etc.), lithium nickel-based oxides (e.g., liNiO 2 Etc.), lithium nickel manganese-based oxides (e.g., liNi 1-Y1 Mn Y1 O 2 (wherein 0<Y1<1)、LiMn 2-z1 Ni z1 O 4 (wherein 0 < Z1 < 2), etc.), lithium nickel cobalt-based oxides (e.g., liNi 1-Y2 Co Y2 O 2 (wherein 0<Y2<1) Etc.), lithium manganese cobalt-based oxides (e.g., liCo 1-Y3 Mn Y3 O 2 (wherein 0<Y3<1)、LiMn 2-z2 Co z2 O 4 (wherein 0 < Z2 < 2), etc.), lithium nickel manganese cobalt based oxides (e.g., li (Ni) p1 Co q1 Mn r1 )O 2 (wherein 0 < p1 < 1,0 < q1 < 1,0 < r1 < 1, p1+q1+r1=1) or Li (Ni) p2 Co q2 Mn r2 )O 4 (wherein 0 < p2 < 2,0 < q2 < 2,0 < r2 < 2, p2+q2+r2=2), etc.), or a lithium nickel cobalt transition metal (M) oxide (e.g., li (Ni) p3 Co q3 Mn r3 M S1 )O 2 (wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Al, fe, V, cr, ti, ta, mg and Mo, and p3, q3, r3 and s1 are the atomic fractions of each of the individual elements, wherein 0<p3<1，0<q3<1，0<r3<1，0<s1<1, p3+q3+r3+s1=1), etc.), and may include any one or two or more of these compounds.
Wherein the lithium composite metal oxide may be LiCoO when considering that the capacity characteristics and stability of the battery can be improved 2 、LiMnO 2 、LiNiO 2 Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (e.g. Li (Ni) 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 )O 2 、Li(Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 )O 2 Or Li (Ni) 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 )O 2 Etc.) or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (e.g., liNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 Etc.), while the lithium composite metal oxide may be Li (Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 )O 2 、Li(Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 )O 2 、Li(Ni 0.7 Mn 0.15 Co 0.15 )O 2 、Li(Ni 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 )O 2 Or Li (Ni) 0.85 Mn 0.08 Co 0.05 Al 0.02 )O 2 And any one or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
In addition, the positive electrode active material may contain a lithium composite transition metal oxide having a nickel content of 60atm% or more of all transition metals. For example, it may be 60atm% or more, 65atm% or more, 70atm% or more, 75atm% or more, 80atm% or more, 85atm% or more, or 90atm% or more.
The binder for an electrode is a component that contributes to adhesion of the positive electrode active material and the conductive material and adhesion with the current collector. Specifically, the binder may include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, and various copolymers thereof.
The conductive material is a component for further improving the conductivity of the positive electrode active material. The conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity and does not cause chemical changes in the battery, and for example, it is possible to use: graphite; carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, thermal black, and carbon nanotubes; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powders; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives. Specific examples of commercially available conductive materials may include acetylene black series or Denka black (Denka Singapore Private Limited) from Chevron Chemical Company products, products from Gulf Oil Company, ketjen black, EC series (products from Armak Company), vulcan XC-72 (products from Cabot Company), and Super P (products from Timcal Company).
The solvent may include an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and the amount thereof may be such that a desired viscosity is achieved when a positive electrode active material, and optionally a binder for a positive electrode and a conductive material for a positive electrode, or the like are contained.
(2) Negative electrode
In addition, the anode may be prepared by coating an anode active material slurry containing an anode active material, an electrode binder, an electrode conductive material, a solvent, and the like on an anode current collector. Meanwhile, as the anode, a metal anode current collector itself may be used as an electrode.
The negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity and does not cause chemical changes of the battery, and for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, copper or stainless steel whose surface is treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like, or an aluminum-cadmium alloy, or the like may be used. In addition, the negative electrode current collector may have minute irregularities formed on the surface thereof as in the positive electrode current collector to enhance the binding force with the negative electrode active material, and may be formed in various forms, such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, a non-woven fabric, and the like.
The anode active material may be at least one anode active material selected from the group consisting of: natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbonaceous materials; lithium-containing titanium composite oxide (LTO), si, sn, li, zn, mg, cd, ce, ni, or Fe metal (Me); an alloy consisting of the above metals (Me); an oxide (MeO) of the above metal (Me) x ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And complexes of the above metals (Me) and carbon.
Since the contents of the binder for electrodes, the conductive material for electrodes, and the solvent are the same as those described above, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
(3) Diaphragm
As the separator, a conventional porous polymer film commonly used as a separator, such as a porous polymer film made of polyolefin-based polymers (e.g., ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer) may be used alone, or they may be laminated for use, or a conventional porous nonwoven fabric, such as a nonwoven fabric made of high-melting glass fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, or the like, may be used, but is not limited thereto.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments are presented to aid in understanding the present application. However, the following examples are provided for easier understanding of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto.
Examples
Example 1
Li (Ni) as a positive electrode active material was prepared in a weight ratio of 97.6:1.2:1.2 (positive electrode active material: conductive material: binder) 0.85 Mn 0.08 Co 0.05 Al 0.02 )O 2 Carbon black as a conductive material and PVDF as a binder, and then they are mixed in an N-methylpyrrolidone solvent to prepare a slurry for a positive electrode active material. The prepared positive electrode active material was coated with a slurry on one side (load amount: 0.40 to 0.55mg/25 cm) of an aluminum current collector (15 μm) 2 ) Then dried at 130 ℃ for 20 minutes or more and rolled once or twice so that the porosity was 24%, thereby preparing a positive electrode.
As the negative electrode, an electrode formed by mixing natural graphite and artificial graphite at a ratio of 2:8 was used, and a separator of porous polyethylene was interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to prepare an electrode assembly. The electrode assembly was placed in a battery case, and then an electrolyte was injected into the case to prepare a lithium secondary battery. In this case, the electrolyte is prepared as follows: lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) at a concentration of 1M 6 ) In an organic solvent composed of ethylene carbonate/ethylene methyl carbonate (EC/EMC mixed volume ratio=3/7), 0.5 wt% of ethylene carbonate (VC), 0.5 wt% of Propane Sultone (PS) and 1 wt% of ethylene sulfate (ESa) were added, and a phosphoric acid type additive (wherein R in formula 1 is all F) was additionally added in an amount of 0.5 wt%.
Example 2
A lithium secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in example 1, except that 1 wt% of a phosphoric acid type additive was added to the electrolyte.
Example 3
A lithium secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in example 1, except that 3 wt% of a phosphoric acid type additive was added to the electrolyte.
Example 4
A lithium secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in example 2, except that all R in formula 1 were CF in the electrolyte 3 Is a phosphate type additive of (a).
Example 5
A lithium secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in example 1, except that 5 wt% of a phosphoric acid type additive was added to the electrolyte.
Comparative example 1
A lithium secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in example 1, except that no phosphoric acid type additive was added to the electrolyte.
Experimental example
Experimental example: measurement of high temperature Performance
The lithium secondary batteries fabricated in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 were fully charged to SOC 100% (2000 mAh) under a voltage condition of 4.2V. Thereafter, the cells were stored at a high temperature in a thermostatic chamber at 60℃for 8 weeks, after which the capacity retention (%), the resistance retention (%) and the volume increase (%) were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
| Capacity retention (%) | Resistivity retention (%) | Volume increase rate (%) | |
| Example 1 (r=f, 0.5 wt%) | 77.1 | 21.7 | 15.6 |
| Example 2 (r=f, 1 wt%) | 82.9 | 16.1 | 9.0 |
| Example 3 (r=f, 3 wt%) | 88.8 | 11.7 | 9.6 |
| Example 4 (r=cf) 3 1 wt.%) | 80.3 | 19.6 | 11.2 |
| Example 5 (r=f, 5 wt%) | 69.1 | 38.6 | 10.5 |
| Comparative example 1 (without addition) | 55.4 | 87.2 | 31.1 |
* Capacity retention (%): using PEBC0506 from pnresolution company, charge at CC/CV (0.33 CCC/4.2v 0.05c current cut-off CV), then rest for 30 minutes, discharge at CC (0.33), repeat three times, and reflect the discharge capacity of the third time as capacity.
Capacity retention (%) = (capacity at week N)/(initial capacity) ×100
* Resistance retention (%): using PEBC0506 from pnresolution company, after setting to discharge capacity standard SOC50, resistance was measured during pulse discharge at current CC of 2.5C.
Resistor= (voltage difference before and after discharge pulse)/(current during discharge)
Resistance increase ratio (%) = (resistance at nth week-initial resistance)/(initial resistance) ×100
* Volume increase rate (%): using TWD-150DM from TWD-PLS company, the SOC 100 was set before high temperature storage, after which the initial volume was measured, and immediately after high temperature storage, cooled at room temperature, after which the volume was measured.
Volume increase rate (%) = (volume of week N-initial volume)/(initial volume) ×100
As can be seen from table 1, the lithium secondary batteries (examples 1 to 5) to which the phosphoric acid type additive of the present application was added to the electrolyte have not only a high capacity retention rate but also a low resistance retention rate and a low volume increase rate after storage at high temperature, and thus are significantly improved in terms of high temperature stability, as compared to the lithium secondary battery (comparative example 1) to which the phosphoric acid type additive was not added to the electrolyte.
All simple modifications or variations of the application fall within the scope of the application, and the specific scope of the application will be apparent from the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, characterized by comprising a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a phosphoric acid type additive represented by the following formula 1:
[ 1]
Wherein R is a functional group contributing to film formation, which is a functional group having a chain or cyclic structure containing at least one element selected from H, C, N, O, F, P, S and Si.
2. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein R are the same or different from each other and are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted mercapto, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-7 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-7 Haloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-7 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-7 Alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-7 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkoxy-C 1-4 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-7 Alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-7 Alkynyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 Cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 Cycloalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 Cycloalkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted 3-7 membered heterocycloalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 Aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted 5-to 10-membered heteroaryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted mono-or di-C 1-4 Alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted mono-or di-C 6-10 Arylamino, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkylcarbonylamino, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkylcarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkoxycarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkenyloxycarbonyl and substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkynyloxycarbonyl groups.
3. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries according to claim 2, wherein R are the same or different from each other and are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,Halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Haloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted mono-or di-C 1-4 Alkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkylcarbonyl and substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkoxycarbonyl groups.
4. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries according to claim 3, wherein R are the same or different from each other and are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 Haloalkyl and substituted or unsubstituted C 2-4 Alkenyl groups.
5. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the content of the phosphoric acid type additive is 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
6. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of LiCl, liBr, liI, liBF 4 、LiClO 4 、LiB 10 Cl 10 、LiAlCl 4 、LiAlO 4 、LiPF 6 、LiCF 3 SO 3 、LiCH 3 CO 2 、LiCF 3 CO 2 、LiAsF 6 、LiSbF 6 、LiCH 3 SO 3 、LiSO 3 F、LiN(SO 2 F) 2 、LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 And LiN (SO) 2 CF 3 ) 2 A group of groups.
7. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the lithium salt is 0.1M to 3M.
8. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of ethers, esters, amides, linear carbonates and cyclic carbonates.
9. A lithium secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 9, wherein the positive electrode has a layered structure made of a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material contains a lithium composite transition metal oxide having a nickel content of 60atm% or more of all transition metals.
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| KR1020220144893A KR20230069830A (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2022-11-03 | Nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising the same |
| PCT/KR2022/017463 WO2023085733A1 (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2022-11-08 | Non-aqueous electrolyte solution for lithium secondary battery, and lithium secondary battery comprising same |
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